RESUMO
Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 vem impactando na saúde emocional e na rotina de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da pandemia da COVID-19 na saúde emocional e na rotina do trabalho dos fisioterapeutas oncológicos brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal online anônimo, no qual 102 fisioterapeutas oncológicos foram recrutados de diferentes regiões do país, usando amostras de conveniência de bolas de neve nas mídias sociais. Dados sociodemográficos, referentes à formação e atuação profissional foram avaliados, além dos sintomas de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse. Resultados: A maioria dos fisioterapeutas era do sexo feminino (n = 89,87,3%), com média de idade de 33,8 ± 7,1 anos e especialista em fisioterapia oncológica (n = 84,82,5%). Quanto mais jovens mais estressados eram os profissionais (p = 0,022). A maioria manteve os atendimentos presenciais (n = 89, 87,3%) e o sintoma de estresse apresentou maior pontuação (6,9 ± 4,4). O aumento na jornada de trabalho e a transferência para outras unidades de trabalho resultaram em maiores sintomas de ansiedade (p = 0,016) e de estresse (p = 0,011). Conclusão: Concluímos que a pandemia afetou negativamente a rotina de trabalho e a saúde emocional de fisioterapeutas oncológicos no Brasil.
RESUMO
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the survival of patients with brain metastases treated surgically according to the potentially involved factors. METHODS 71 patients treated surgically were analyzed with the diagnosis of brain metastases during the period from January 2011 to November 2014, totaling 47 months of follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier curve method was used for survival analysis. Results We evaluated 71 patients with brain metastases treated surgically, 44 female and 27 male, mean age of 60.1 years. According to the Karnofsky scale, 44 patients were classified with Karnofsky greater than or equal to 70 and 27 patients with Karnofsky inferior to 70. Lung was the primary site most commonly found. Death occurred in twenty patients (28%), and lung tumors were responsible for the most deaths. Twelve patients had supra and infratentorial metastases, fifty-nine only had supratentorial lesions, and lesions were multiple in twenty-eight patients and single in forty-three. Thirty patients were also treated with chemotherapy, eighteen with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while only three received just radiotherapy. Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier curve showed no statistical significance regarding age, histological type, location, Karnofsky, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. There was statistical significance regarding gender. CONCLUSION The factors analyzed did not change survival rates, except for gender. This fact may probably be explained due to the systemic and diffuse behavior of cancer.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a sobrevivência de pacientes com metástases cerebrais tratados cirurgicamente de acordo com os fatores potencialmente envolvidos. Métodos 71 pacientes tratados cirurgicamente foram analisados com o diagnóstico de metástases cerebrais durante o período de janeiro de 2011 a novembro de 2014, totalizando 47 meses de seguimento. A curva de Kaplan-Meier foi utilizada para análise de sobrevivência. Resultados Avaliamos 71 pacientes com metástases cerebrais atendidas cirurgicamente, 44 do sexo feminino e 27 do sexo masculino, idade média de 60,1 anos. De acordo com a escala de Karnofsky, 44 pacientes foram classificados com Karnofsky maior ou igual a 70 e 27 pacientes com Karnofsky com menos de 70. O pulmão era o local mais comum. A morte ocorreu em 20 pacientes (28%) e os tumores pulmonares são responsáveis pela maioria das mortes. Doze pacientes apresentavam metástases supra e infratentoriais, 59 apresentavam apenas lesões supratentoriais, e as lesões eram múltiplas em 28 pacientes e isoladas em 43. Trinta pacientes também foram tratados com quimioterapia, 18 foram tratados com quimioterapia e radioterapia, enquanto que apenas três receberam apenas radioterapia. A análise de sobrevivência pela curva de Kaplan-Meier não mostrou significância estatística de acordo com a idade, tipo histológico, localização, Karnofsky, quimioterapia e radioterapia. Houve significância estatística em relação ao gênero. Conclusão Os fatores analisados não alteraram a sobrevivência, exceto o gênero. Este fato provavelmente pode ser explicado devido ao comportamento sistêmico e difuso do câncer.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Fatores Sexuais , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Distribuição por Sexo , Avaliação de Estado de Karnofsky , Distribuição por Idade , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase NeoplásicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the survival of patients with brain metastases treated surgically according to the potentially involved factors. METHODS: 71 patients treated surgically were analyzed with the diagnosis of brain metastases during the period from January 2011 to November 2014, totaling 47 months of follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier curve method was used for survival analysis. RESULTS: We evaluated 71 patients with brain metastases treated surgically, 44 female and 27 male, mean age of 60.1 years. According to the Karnofsky scale, 44 patients were classified with Karnofsky greater than or equal to 70 and 27 patients with Karnofsky inferior to 70. Lung was the primary site most commonly found. Death occurred in twenty patients (28%), and lung tumors were responsible for the most deaths. Twelve patients had supra and infratentorial metastases, fifty-nine only had supratentorial lesions, and lesions were multiple in twenty-eight patients and single in forty-three. Thirty patients were also treated with chemotherapy, eighteen with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while only three received just radiotherapy. Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier curve showed no statistical significance regarding age, histological type, location, Karnofsky, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. There was statistical significance regarding gender. CONCLUSION: The factors analyzed did not change survival rates, except for gender. This fact may probably be explained due to the systemic and diffuse behavior of cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Avaliação de Estado de Karnofsky , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Cynara scolymus L., popularly known as artichoke, is consumed as food and used as tea infusions for pharmacological purposes to treat liver dysfunctions and other conditions. Scientific data on the safety and protective effect of artichoke in human-derived liver cells is missing. This study investigated the genotoxic and modulatory effect of a liophilized extract suspended in water of C. scolymus L. leaves. Four extract concentrations (0.62, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL) were evaluated using the comet assay on human hepatocyte cultures, HepG2 cells. Genotoxicity was assessed after two treatment periods, 1 and 24 h. Antigenotoxicity was evaluated against oxidative lesions induced by hydrogen peroxide in pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment protocols. Artichoke leaves aqueous extract induced genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells after 1- and 24-h treatments. In turn, extract concentrations of 0.62, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL, exhibited a protective effect in pretreatment, compared to hydrogen peroxide alone. However, in simultaneous and post-treatment protocols, only the lowest concentration reduced the frequency of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. In addition, in the simultaneous treatment protocol, the highest artichoke extract concentration increased hydrogen peroxide genotoxicity. It can be concluded that artichoke is genotoxic, in vitro, to HepG2 cells, but can also modulate hydrogen peroxide DNA damage.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Cynara scolymus/química , Dano ao DNA , Células Hep G2/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Folhas de Planta/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Brasil , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaio Cometa , Cynara scolymus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Liofilização , Células Hep G2/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/agonistas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Mutagênicos/química , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Agricultura Orgânica , Oxidantes/agonistas , Oxidantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Oxidantes/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Substâncias Protetoras/efeitos adversos , Substâncias Protetoras/isolamento & purificação , Substâncias Protetoras/metabolismoRESUMO
Fruits and derivatives, such as juices, are complex mixtures of chemicals, some of which may have mutagenic and/or carcinogenic potential, while others may have antimutagenic and/or anticancer activities. The modulating effects of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar (HSCAN), on somatic mutation and recombination induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and mitomycin C (MMC) were evaluated with the wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster using co- and post-treatment protocols. Additionally, the antimutagenic activity of two HSCAN components, cashew apple pulp and honey, in MMC-induced DNA damage was also investigated. HSCAN reduced the mutagenic activity of both EMS and MMC in the co-treatment protocol, but had a co-mutagenic effect when post-administered. Similar results were also observed with honey on MMC mutagenic activity. Cashew apple pulp was effective in exerting protective or enhancing effects on the MMC mutagenicity, depending on the administration protocol and concentration used. Overall, these results indicate that HSCAN, cashew apple and honey seem capable of modulating not only the events that precede the induced DNA damages, but also the Drosophila DNA repair processes involved in the correction of EMS and MMC-induced damages.
RESUMO
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their important properties involving multilineage differentiation potential., trophic factor secretion and localization along various organs and tissues. On the dark side, MSCs play a distinguished role in tumor microenvironments by differentiating into tumor-associated fibroblasts or supporting tumor growth via distinct mechanisms. Cisplatin (CIS) is a drug widely applied in the treatment of a large number of cancers and is known for its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, both in vitro and in vivo. Here we assessed the effects of CIS on MSCs and the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3, by MTT and comet assays. Our results demonstrated the resistance of MSCs to cell death and DNA damage induction by CIS, which was not observed when OVCAR-3 cells were exposed to this drug.
RESUMO
Considering the limited number of studies on the biological effects on human health of cyanobacterial compounds that cause taste and odor, the present study assessed the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GEO) using the MTT assay and the in vitro comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN-Cyt) assays in human HepG2 cells. The toxicogenomics of genes responsive to DNA damage and metabolization by the exposure of cells to 2-MIB and GEO were also investigated. The results showed that concentrations of 2-MIB and GEO above 100 and 75 µg/mL, respectively, were cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. Doses of 2-MIB (12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/mL) and GEO (12.5, 25, 50, and 75 µg/mL) were unable to induce neither DNA damage nor events associated with chromosomal instability. Similarly, no concentration of each compound induced increments in the expression of CDKN1A, GADD45α, MDM2 and TP53 DNA damage responsive genes as well as in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 metabolizing genes. Although cytotoxicity was observed, concentrations that caused it are much higher than those expected to occur in aquatic environments. Thus, environmentally relevant concentrations of both compounds are not expected to exhibit cytotoxicity or genotoxicity to humans.
Assuntos
Água Potável/química , Odorantes/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Canfanos/análise , Canfanos/toxicidade , Ensaio Cometa , Cianobactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dano ao DNA , Água Potável/microbiologia , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Testes para Micronúcleos , Naftóis/análise , Naftóis/toxicidade , Paladar , Toxicogenética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid found in apple peels (Malus domestica, Borkh, Rosaceae), has a large spectrum of pharmacological effects. However, the vegetal matrix usually produces highly viscous and poorly soluble extracts that hamper the isolation of this compound. To overcome this problem, the crude EtOH-AcOEt extract of commercial apple peels was exhaustively treated with diazomethane, after which methyl ursolate (MU) was purified by column chromatography and characterized spectrometrically. The anti-inflammatory effects of UA and MU (50 mg/kg) were analyzed by zymosan-induced paw edema, pleurisy and in an experimental arthritis model. After 4 h of treatment with UA and MU, paw edema was reduced by 46 and 44 %, respectively. Both UA and MU inhibited protein extravasation into the thoracic cavity; tibio-femoral edema by 40 and 48 %, respectively; and leukocyte influx into the synovial cavity after 6 h by 52 and 73 %, respectively. Additionally, both UA and MU decreased the levels of mediators related to synovial inflammation, such as KC/CXCL-1 levels by 95 and 90 %, TNF-α levels by 76 and 71 %, and IL-1ß levels by 57 and 53 %, respectively. Both the compounds were equally effective when assayed in different inflammatory models, including experimental arthritis. Hence, MU may be considered to be a useful anti-inflammatory derivative to overcome the inherent poor solubility of UA for formulating pharmaceutical products.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Malus/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Frutas/química , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Triterpenos/efeitos adversos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The water eutrophication process by phosphorus and nitrogen allows cyanobacteria blooms which promote, among other effects, the generation and release of the metabolite 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in the environment. This substance has been shown to be recalcitrant to conventional water treatment, degrading water quality. Considering the limited number of studies on the biological effects of 2-MIB in eukaryotic organisms, the present study assessed the genotoxicity of 2-MIB using the in vitro comet assay and cytokinesis block-micronucleus (CBMN-Cytome) assay on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and the in vivo Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). The results showed that 2-MIB (125, 250 and 500 µg/mL) was unable to induce gene and chromosome mutations or events associated with mitotic recombination in the SMART. Similarly, four different concentrations (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 µg/mL) of 2-MIB did not induce increments in frequencies of micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmatic bridges in the CBMN-Cytome assay. In the comet assay, the positive results were restricted to the highest dose, 60 µg/mL of 2-MIB. The results obtained may help evaluate the genotoxic profile of extracellular algal products.
Assuntos
Canfanos/toxicidade , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Células CHO , Núcleo Celular/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Ensaio Cometa , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Cianobactérias/química , Testes para Micronúcleos , Odorantes , Paladar , Água/normasRESUMO
In vitro chemical properties and antioxidant potential and in vivo mutagenic activity of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar (HSCAN), a beverage produced from the cashew pseudo-fruit (Anacardium occidentale L.) and of its constituents were assessed. Analytical procedures were carried out to investigate the honey used in the HSCAN preparation, and the results observed are in accordance with Brazilian legal regulations, except for diastase number. HSCAN and pulp were investigated for ascorbic acid, carotenoid, anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, and both showed high acid ascorbic concentrations. Antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and/or ß-carotene/linoleic acid systems were applied and demonstrated a weak antioxidant capacity of honey and HSCAN, but cashew apple pulp demonstrated high antioxidant capacity. A weakly positive mutagenic effect of cashew pulp 20% was observed using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster only in the high-bioactivation (HB) cross. On the contrary, HSCAN was not mutagenic in both standard and high bioactivation crosses. HSCAN exhibited slight antioxidant activity, which could be associated with the high amount of ascorbic acid found in the samples evaluated. The beverage prepared did not induce DNA damage in somatic cells of D. melanogaster, which means that it is neither mutagenic nor recombinagenic in this test system.
Assuntos
Anacardium/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Bebidas/análise , Mel , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Néctar de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Fenóis/análise , Néctar de Plantas/química , Recombinação Genética , Edulcorantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Artichoke leaves are used in traditional medicine as an herbal medicament for the treatment of hepatic related diseases, as well as choleretic and diuretic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of Cynara scolymus L. leaves extract (LE) to cause chromosomal instability and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) employing the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. Cells were treated with four concentrations of C. scolymus for two exposure times: 1h and 24h. Our findings showed that LE did not increase the frequencies of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear bud (NBUD). However, all concentrations of the extract produced increments in micronuclei frequencies (MNi) in both exposure times, when compared to the negative control. No significant differences were observed in the nuclear division cytotoxicity index (NDCI), reflecting the absence of cytotoxic effects associated to LE. The results demonstrated the ability of C. scolymus LE to promote chromosomal mutations which are, probably, a result of the pro-oxidant activity of LE constituents such as flavonoids and chlorogenic acids. The data obtained in this study suggests that high concentrations of artichoke can pose a risk associated to its consumption.
Assuntos
Cynara scolymus , Citocinese , Testes para Micronúcleos , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , CricetulusRESUMO
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A automedicação difundiu-se no mundo, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. Se por um lado tal prática pode, de certa forma, trazer benefícios ao aliviar a demanda do saturado Sistema Único de Saúde, por outro, pode trazer sérios risco à saúde, que vão desde as mais simples reações adversas até as mais graves intoxicações. Desta maneira, considerando a automedicação como um problema de saúde pública e a importância de conhecê-la e combatê-la, este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de automedicação e os fatores associados a esta prática entre os usuários atendidos no Centro de Saúde Escola do Marco. MÉTODO: O estudo foi realizado a partir de entrevistas com 288 usuários atendidos nesta unidade de saúde no mês de novembro de 2011, destes 197 eram do sexo feminino e 91 do sexo masculino, de acordo com a demanda do centro. Todos os entrevistados possuíam mais de 18 anos e foram escolhidos aleatoriamente. RESULTADOS: Observou-se maior prevalência de automedicação entre as mulheres (66,5%) versus (59,3%) entre os homens,72,5% dos usuários apresentavam renda mensal inferior a dois salários mínimos e 69,0% costumavam guardar remédios não receitados em casa. Além disso, os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, remédios naturais e caseiros foram os fármacos não prescritos mais consumidos. CONCLUSÃO: Dessa forma, constatou-se que a automedicação é uma prática comum entre os usuários atendidos nesta unidade de saúde como mecanismo para tentar suprir as deficiências do serviço e, por se tratar de uma prática potencialmente danosa à saúde, merece especial atenção das autoridades.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Self-medication has spread worldwide, becoming a problem of public health. On one hand, such practice may somehow provide benefits to ease the demand of the saturated Unified Health System (SUS). On the other hand, it can lead to serious health risks ranging from the simplest adverse reactions to severe poisoning. Thus, considering the self-medication as a public health problem and the importance of knowing it and fighting against it, this study had as objective to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication and the factors associated with this practice among patients treated at the Escola do Marco Health Center. METHOD: The study was based on interviews with 288 patients seen in the clinic in November 2011. Among them, 197 were females and 91 males, according to the center's demand. All respondents were over 18 years old and chosen randomly. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of self-medication was observed among women (66.5%) compared to men (59.3%). 72.5% of patients had a monthly income below two minimum wages and 69.0% used to keep non-prescription drugs at home. In addition, NSAIDs and natural and home-made remedies were themost used non-prescription drugs. CONCLUSION: Thus, it was concluded that self-medication is a common practice among patients seen in the clinic as a mechanism to try to address the weaknesses of the public service. Because it is a practice potentially harmful to health, it requires special attention from the authorities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Automedicação/efeitos adversos , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae), popularly known as artichoke, has been widely used in herbal medicine for the treatment of hepatic diseases. The genotoxicity of C. scolymus L. leaf extract (LE) and the ability to modulate the genetic toxicity of the alkylating agent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were assessed using the comet assay on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Genotoxicity was evaluated after 1- and 24-h treatments using four different LE concentrations: 0.62, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/mL. Antigenotoxicity was assessed for pretreatment, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment. All doses used led to a significant increase in the frequency of DNA damage, after exposure for 1 and 24 h. In the antigenotoxicity experiments, LE reduced the frequency of DNA damage induced by EMS in the simultaneous treatment only. However, the lowest dose was more protective than higher concentrations. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are, probably, the C. scolymus constituents responsible for its genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects.
Assuntos
Cynara scolymus/química , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Metanossulfonato de Etila/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Alquilantes/toxicidade , Animais , Células CHO , Sobrevivência Celular , Ensaio Cometa , Cricetinae , Mutagênicos/toxicidadeRESUMO
Fluoroquinolones are widely used in human and in veterinary medicine due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. They act by inhibiting type II DNA topoisomerases (gyrase and topoisomerase IV). Because of the sequence homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic topoisomerases II, fluoroquinolones can pose a hazard to eukaryotic cells. However, published information concerning the genotoxic profiles of these drugs in vivo is sparse and inconsistent. We have assessed the activities of three fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin, in the Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and measured their mutagenic and recombinagenic potentials. Norfloxacin was non-genotoxic. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin induced significant increases in spot frequencies in trans-heterozygous flies. To test the roles of somatic recombination and mutation in the observed genotoxicity, balancer-heterozygous flies were also analyzed. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were preferential inducers of homologous recombination in proliferative cells, an event linked to loss of heterozygosity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Fluoroquinolonas/toxicidade , Recombinação Homóloga/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Animais , Testes de Mutagenicidade/métodosRESUMO
This work aimed to evaluate the quality of 31 honey samples of Apis mellifera L. from São Paulo (28) and Mato Grosso do Sul States (3), Brazil, through physical-chemical analyses (diastase yeast, free acidity, pH, hidroximethylfurfural (HMF) and humidity). All samples show values according Brazilian legislation to diastase yeats and free acidity. Six samples to HMF and one for humidity show values above the to legislation patterns and the pH of samples show slightly acid. Most of the honey samples analyzed are in agreement with the patterns quality parameters in the legislation for the five evaluated parameters, showing the good quality of Brazilian honey.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de 31 amostras de méis de abelhas Apis mellifera L. provenientes dos Estados de São Paulo (28) e Mato Grosso do Sul (3), por meio de análises físico-químicas (pesquisa de fermentos diastásicos, acidez livre, pH, hidroximetilfurfural - HMF e umidade). Todas as amostras apresentaram valores dentro do estabelecido pela legisla- ção brasileira para pesquisa de fermentos diastásicos e acidez livre, seis amostras para HMF e uma para umidade apresentaram valores acima do estabelecido pela legislação brasileira, e o pH das amostras apresentou-se ligeiramente ácido. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a maioria das amostras de méis analisadas está de acordo com os padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor, para os cinco parâmetros avaliados, evidenciando a adequada qualidade das amostras de mel analisadas.
RESUMO
This work aimed to evaluate the quality of 31 honey samples of Apis mellifera L. from São Paulo (28) and Mato Grosso do Sul States (3), Brazil, through physical-chemical analyses (diastase yeast, free acidity, pH, hidroximethylfurfural (HMF) and humidity). All samples show values according Brazilian legislation to diastase yeats and free acidity. Six samples to HMF and one for humidity show values above the to legislation patterns and the pH of samples show slightly acid. Most of the honey samples analyzed are in agreement with the patterns quality parameters in the legislation for the five evaluated parameters, showing the good quality of Brazilian honey.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de 31 amostras de méis de abelhas Apis mellifera L. provenientes dos Estados de São Paulo (28) e Mato Grosso do Sul (3), por meio de análises físico-químicas (pesquisa de fermentos diastásicos, acidez livre, pH, hidroximetilfurfural - HMF e umidade). Todas as amostras apresentaram valores dentro do estabelecido pela legisla- ção brasileira para pesquisa de fermentos diastásicos e acidez livre, seis amostras para HMF e uma para umidade apresentaram valores acima do estabelecido pela legislação brasileira, e o pH das amostras apresentou-se ligeiramente ácido. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a maioria das amostras de méis analisadas está de acordo com os padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor, para os cinco parâmetros avaliados, evidenciando a adequada qualidade das amostras de mel analisadas.
RESUMO
De janeiro a maio de 2003 foi analisado o teor de umidade em 51 amostras de méis não inspecionados comercializados em estabelecimentos varejistas do estado do Rio de janeiro. As análises foram realizadas no Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaistsman RJ. De acordo com o padrão determinado pela Instrução normativa nº11 de 20 de outubro de 2000 Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, 10 (19,6 por cento) amostras se encontram fora do limite previsto.(AU)
Moisture content of 51 non inspected honey samples sold in retail stores in Rio de Janeiro state were evaluated from January to May 2003 in Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman (IMMVJV) laboratory, in Rio de Janeiro city. Ten samples showed values of water higher than the standards established, according to Instrução Normativa n" 11, October 20, 2000, of Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abasiecimenio/Brasil, indicating that 19,6% of the samples were out of the regional quality requirements. (AU)
Assuntos
Mel/análise , Controle de Qualidade , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Normas de Qualidade de Alimentos , ComércioRESUMO
De janeiro a maio de 2003 foi analisado o teor de umidade em 51 amostras de méis não inspecionados comercializados em estabelecimentos varejistas do estado do Rio de janeiro. As análises foram realizadas no Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaistsman RJ. De acordo com o padrão determinado pela Instrução normativa nº11 de 20 de outubro de 2000 Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, 10 (19,6 por cento) amostras se encontram fora do limite previsto.
Assuntos
Mel , Controle de Qualidade , Comércio , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Normas de Qualidade de AlimentosRESUMO
Durante o período de janeiro a maio de 2003 foi realizada a análise microbiológica em 51 amostras de méis não inspecionados para pesquisa de Salmonella, Shigella, Coliformes a 35°C e Fungos e Leveduras, de acordo com as Portarias n. 451 de setembro, 1997 MAPA. As amostras foram coletadas de estabelecimentos varejistas do estado do Rio de Janeiro e analisadas no Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman RJ. Das amostras analisadas, uma (2 por cento) apresentou crescimento de Coliformes a 35°C, 17 (33,3 por cento) apresentaram crescimento de fungos e leveduras e não houve crescimento de Salmonella e Shigella. Frente a esses resultados, 18 amostras (35,3 por cento) apresentavam-se inadequadas para o consumo.(AU)
Microbiological evaluation of non-inspected honey sold in Rio de Janeiro state was conducted from January toMay 2003 in Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman laboratory in Rio de Janeiro city. Fiftyone samples were obtained from various retail stores and were evaluated according to Portaria n° 451 of08/19/97 - MS and Portaria n° 367 of 08/04/97 - MAPA. One (2%) of the samples showed Colifoermes growing at 35°C, none of the samples showed Salmonella and Shigella growing and 17 (33,3%) samples showed mushroomsand yeasts growing indicating that (35,3%) of the samples were inadequate for consumption. (AU)
Assuntos
Mel/análise , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Inspeção de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Qualidade de Produtos para o ConsumidorRESUMO
Durante o período de janeiro a maio de 2003 foi realizada a análise microbiológica em 51 amostras de méis não inspecionados para pesquisa de Salmonella, Shigella, Coliformes a 35°C e Fungos e Leveduras, de acordo com as Portarias n. 451 de setembro, 1997 MAPA. As amostras foram coletadas de estabelecimentos varejistas do estado do Rio de Janeiro e analisadas no Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman RJ. Das amostras analisadas, uma (2 por cento) apresentou crescimento de Coliformes a 35°C, 17 (33,3 por cento) apresentaram crescimento de fungos e leveduras e não houve crescimento de Salmonella e Shigella. Frente a esses resultados, 18 amostras (35,3 por cento) apresentavam-se inadequadas para o consumo.