RESUMO

Food allergies have been increasing all over the world. Egg is an important component in the food industries and the second most common cause of food allergy, shortly after milk. In the wine industry, egg white is applied as a fining agent for tannin removal. In this study, a sandwich-based immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of ovalbumin (OVA) in wine samples was developed. The assay involves the use of magnetic beads (MBs) decorated with a polyclonal anti-OVA antibody (Ab2) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), used as label for the quantification in a disposable electrochemical microfluidic device (DEµD) here developed. The Ab2-MB-HRP prepared was applied to capture, separate, and pre-concentrate OVA from wine samples. In the DEµD, OVA was immune-magnetically captured (OVA-Ab2-MB-HRP), producing a sandwich structure (GO-Ab1-OVA-Ab2-MB-HRP) on the electrode's surface. This arrangement results in an ultrasensitive device, achieving the ultralow limit of detection of 0.2 fg mL-1 OVA. Five samples of wines were analyzed by using the immuno-magneto-assay which presents excellent accuracy compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Assuntos

Alérgenos/análise , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Ovos , Vinho , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Imunoensaio , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Limite de Detecção , Vinho/análise

RESUMO

Cashew nut shells (CNS) is already used in the energy matrix of some industries. However, it is necessary to know the harmful health effects generated by exposure to pollutants of its combustion, especially in the workers exposed to industrial pollutants. In addition, it is known that the incidence of asthma grows among workers in industries, and due to its previously reported biological effects of anethole, these will also be objects of the present study. We used 64 Balb/C mice, randomly divided into eight groups. Groups were sensitized and challenged with saline or ovalbumin, then subjected to intranasal instillation of 30 µg PM4.0 (occupational exposure) from the combustion of CNS or saline, and then were subsequently treated with oral anethole 300 mg/kg or 0.1% Tween 80. Our results serve as a starting point for the development of public policies for the prevention of diseases in workers that are exposed to the pollutants coming from industries.

Assuntos

Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Anacardium , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Derivados de Alilbenzenos , Animais , Anisóis , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Polissorbatos , Distribuição Aleatória

RESUMO

Resumen Los Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje han generado cambios positivos en la enseñanza, disponibilidad y accesibilidad al conocimiento; a diferencia del modelo tradicional de aprendizaje, tienen como propósito ofrecer mecanismos más flexibles y de múltiple consulta para consolidar un contenido más amplio del conocimiento. El hemograma es un examen de laboratorio de uso diario en medicina; su interpretación exige un entendimiento preciso y sólido para la toma de decisiones. Este artículo describe la experiencia y las fases para construir un objeto virtual de aprendizaje en hematología, basado en el modelo ADDIE (Análisis, Diseño, Desarrollo, Implementación y Evaluación), Crear un objeto virtual de aprendizaje exige el cumplimiento metódico de procesos para garantizar que el resultado se ajuste a los requerimientos de las herramientas de aprendizaje. Mejorar el entendimiento del hemograma es importante en la formación y fomento de competencias para la toma de decisiones asertivas y la racionalidad en la solicitud de estudios diagnósticos; no obstante, para probar la efectividad del OVA como estrategia de aprendizaje se requiere de una prueba piloto.

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Abstract The virtual learning objects have generated positive changes in the teaching process, availability and accessibility to knowledge; unlike of the traditional learning model, it has as a purpose, to offer more flexible mechanisms and allow multiple queries to consolidate a broader content of knowledge. The complete blood cell count is a laboratory test of daily use in medicine, its interpretation demands a precise and solid understanding for the decision making. This article has the finality to describe the experience and the phases for the construction of an virtual learning object in hematology based in the ADDIE model, as follows: phase I: analysis, phase II: design, phase III: development, phase IV: implementation, phase V: evaluation. The setting-up of a virtual learning object demands the methodical accomplishment of process to assure the adjustment of the results to the requirements of the learning tools. The improvement in the understanding of the blood cell count has importance in the impact as a study element, as well as in the encouragement in the competences for make assertive decisions and the rationality in the request of diagnosis studies, however to prove the effectiveness as a learning strategy a pilot test is required.

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Resumo Os Objetos Virtuais de Aprendizagem (OVA) geraram mudanças positivas no ensino, disponibilidade e acessibilidade ao conhecimento; ao contrário do modelo de aprendizagem tradicional, eles visam oferecer mecanismos de consulta mais flexíveis e múltiplos para consolidar um conteúdo mais amplo de conhecimento. O hemograma completo é um teste laboratorial para uso diário em medicina; sua intepretação requer um entendimento preciso e solido para tomada de decisões. Este artigo descreve a experiência e as fases para construir um OVA em hematologia, com base no modelo ADDIE (Análise, Projeto, Desenvolvimento, Implementação e Avaliação). Criar um OVA requer conformidade metódica com processos para garantir que o resultado atenda aos requisitos das ferramentas de aprendizado. Melhorar a compreensão do hemograma é importante no treinamento e na promoção de habilidades para tomar decisões assertivas e racionalidade na solicitação de estudos de diagnósticos; no entanto, para testar e eficácia do OVA como estratégia de aprendizagem, é necessário um teste piloto.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoffm. is a Euphorbiaceae species, popularly known as "canela de cunhã," a native plant of northeastern Brazil, whose essential oil (EOCZ) shows relatively specific myorelaxant action for the smooth muscle of the airways and in the respiratory tract. Based on this information, EOCZ figures as a candidate for testing in the treatment of asthma, and the present study investigated the benefits of using EOCZ in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model. METHODS: 48 male BALB/c mice were divided into six groups (n = 8). In the ST, SO100, and SO300 groups, mice were sensitized and challenged with saline, and then treated with 200 µL of 0.1% Tween 80, 100 mg/kg EOCZ and 300 mg/kg EOCZ, respectively. In the OT, OO100, and OO300 groups, mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, and then treated with 200 µL of 0.1% Tween 80, 100 mg/kg EOCZ and 300 mg/kg EOCZ, respectively. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated significant changes in all respiratory mechanics variables analyzed between the OO300 and OT groups demonstrating the effectiveness of EOCZ to attenuate the OVA-induced lung injury. In addition, the use of EOCZ at a dose of 300 mg/kg showed an antioxidant effect and decreased inflammatory cells in the pulmonary parenchyma. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that EOCZ was able to improve the lesion in the respiratory system of mice subjected to OVA-induced asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant action of EOCZ was likely the main mechanism of action in the reversal of this lesion, so more tests should be performed for its confirmation.

Assuntos

Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Croton , Lesão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Mecânica Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Asma/induzido quimicamente , Asma/patologia , Brasil , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Lesão Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Masculino , Cloreto de Metacolina/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Folhas de Planta

RESUMO

Some heavy metals related to human activities were measured in the water of Chascomús lake. The maximum concentrations were: 0.23 µg/L for Cd, 4.28 µg/L for Cr, 22.09 µg/L for Cu, 2.49 µg/L for Ni, 3.24 µg/L for Pb and 210.76 µg/L for Zn. The values of Cd, Cr, Cr, Pb and Zn were above the Argentine National Guidelines for the Protection of the Aquatic life. The analysis of gonadal condition of pejerrey fish (Odontesthes bonariensis) from this lake did not revealed any reproductive damages. However, exposures with environmental concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn under laboratory conditions of pejerrey males (14 days), caused a significant increase of the expression of the three variants of gnrh in the brain (within Cd exposure) and a decrease in cyp19a1b mRNA (within Cu exposure). Furthermore, at pituitary level, a decrease in fshb transcript levels was observed in the fish exposed to Cd and Cr and a decrease in the expression of both gonadotropin receptors at gonadal level in Zn exposure. Moreover, the gonads of the fish exposed to all the tested metals suffered structural damages showing shortness of the spermatic lobules, fibrosis, testis ova and the presence of piknotic cells. All these findings alert that heavy metals pollution affects the expression of key reproductive genes and gonadal structure of fish species that represent the predominant group of organisms and are considered sentinel species in the aquatic ecosystems.

Assuntos

Sistema Endócrino/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Peixes/metabolismo , Lagos/química , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Reprodução , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Endócrino/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Peixes/sangue , Masculino , Metais Pesados/análise , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologia , Testosterona/sangue , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: IL-17-producing B cells can be identified in both mice and human and were named B17 cells. The role of B17 cells still needs to be elucidated and its inflammatory or regulatory functions remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the effect of maternal immunization with OVA on offspring B cells that produces IL-17 and can show a regulatory potential by IL-10 production. METHODS: C57BL/6 WT, IL-10-/- or CD28-/- female mice were immunized or not with OVA in Alum, and immunized females were boosted after 10 and 20 days. Immunized and non-immunized females were mated, and pups from both groups were evaluated at 3 or 20 days old (d.o.). Some offspring from the aforementioned two groups were immunized with OVA at 3 d.o., boosted after 10 days and evaluated at 20 d.o. RESULTS: Maternal immunization with OVA induced offspring B cells to produce IL-17 at higher intensity compared to the control group of offspring at 3 d.o. This effect was maintained until 20 d.o. and even after neonatal immunization with OVA. The co-production of IL-10 on offspring IL-17+B cells is up-regulated in response to maternal immunization with OVA. Maternal immunization with OVA on IL-10-/- mice reveals reduced percentage and mean of fluorescence intensity of IL-17 on B cells of offspring. CONCLUSION: Preconception OVA immunization can induce offspring B cells that produce IL-17 at higher intensity and co-produce mainly IL-10. This could be the reason why B17 cells had been described in the literature with controversial roles upon their regulatory function.

Assuntos

Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/prevenção & controle , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida/imunologia , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Imunização/métodos , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Animais , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Cultura Primária de Células

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In the last few years our group has been studying the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of allergy in offspring mediated by preconception maternal immunization, but these mechanisms are not fully understood. Such mechanisms that we have studied aimed at the passive transfer of maternal antibodies and its influence on offspring immune status. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate whether maternal immunization could modulate intracellular Th1/Th2 profiles in offspring. MATERIAL AND METHODS: C57BL/6 female wild type mice (WT), interleukin (IL)-10-/- or CD28-/- mice were immunized or not with ovalbumin (OVA) and were mated with respective lineage males and offspring were evaluated at 3 days old (d.o.), 20 d.o., or 20 d.o. after neonatal immunization. RESULTS: Preconception OVA immunization induced a marked reduction in IL-4 secretion by TCD4+ cells of WT offspring when compared with offspring from non-immunized mothers. The maternal immunization of IL-10-/- mice induced an increase in the TCD4+IL-4+ percentage in offspring and a reduction in TCD4+IFN-γ+ cells. The maternal immunization in CD28-/- mice induced augment IL-4 intensity in 3 and 20 d.o. offspring TCD4+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that maternal immunization with OVA can down-regulate the Th2 pattern in offspring and this regulation is dependent on IL-10 and B/T cell collaboration.

RESUMO

Accumulating evidence indicates that the exposure to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prevents the development of allergy and the airway dendritic cells (DCs) may be involved in this protective effect. However, studies to better characterize the specific interactions between BCG and DCs and their role in this mycobacteria-mediated Th2 cell suppression are still ongoing. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neonatal BCG vaccination in the innate immune response in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation. BCG treated neonatal BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with aerosolized OVA. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, samples were collected for analysis. The intranasal BCG treatment inhibited the allergic Th2-response by decreasing the allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, EPO activity, CCL11, IL-25, TSLP, IL-4 and IL-5 lung levels, and serum levels of IgE. Mycobacteria treatment increased lung levels of IL-10 and TGF-ß, and the TLR2 and TLR4 expressions by pulmonary CD11c+CD103+CD8α+ DCs. Additionally an enhanced expression of PD-L1 was observed besides an increased production of IFN-γ by these cells. These results indicated that neonatal BCG vaccination inhibits key features of allergic airway inflammation, probably by promoting T regulatory immune response via an enhanced expression of TLR2, TLR4 and PD-L1 on DCs.

Assuntos

Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Mycobacterium bovis/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/metabolismo , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/patologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Vacinação

RESUMO

El artículo es el resultado de una investigación realizada entre los años 2015-2016, cuyo objetivo principal es mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje del concepto sustancia en estudiantes del grado 5to, mediante el diseño e implementación de una hipermedia educativa. El enfoque metodológico de la investigación es mixto, se realizó con 33 estudiantes de grado quinto. La metodología consta de tres momentos de análisis, en el primer momento se realizó un cuestionario y una entrevista para identificar las ideas previas de los estudiantes, y las dificultades en la enseñanza; en el segundo momento se hizo la descripción de las sesiones desarrolladas con los estudiantes desde la descripción hasta la implementación de la hipermedia; en el tercer momento se analizaron los resultados obtenidos durante y posterior a la implementación de la hipermedia, a partir de una matriz o rejilla previamente elaborada. Como resultado se evidenciaron aspectos positivos tanto en el aprendizaje como en las actitudes de los estudiantes, tales como el interés y la motivación que despierta en ellos este tipo de herramientas, permitiéndoles reconocer diferenciar y construir definiciones muy cercanas a la realidad, lo que facilito el avance y apropiación de otros conceptos, como a su vez la importancia de la apropiación del uso e implementación de lasTIC por parte de los docentes en el aula de clase.

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This article is the result of research conducted between 2015-2016, whose main objective is to improve the learning process of the concept substance in the 5th grade students through the design and implementation of an educational hypermedia. The methodological approach of the research is mixed, was performed with 33 fifth graders. The methodology consists of 3 phases of analysis, the first time a questionnaire and an interview was conducted to identify the previous ideas of students, and difficulties in teaching; the second time the description of the sessions with students from the description to implementation of hypermedia was made; the third time the results obtained during and after the implementation of hypermedia from a matrix or grid made out previously analyzed. As a result positives were evident both in learning and attitudes of students, such as interest and motivation aroused in the student such tools, allowing them to recognize, differentiate and build definitions very close to reality, which facilitated the advancement and appropriation of other concepts, as in turn the importance of appropriation of use and implementation of ICT by teachers in the classroom.

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O artigo é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada entre 20l5-20l6, cujo objetivo principal é melhorar os alunos da 5a série processo de aprendizagem conceito substância através da concepção e implementação de uma hipermídia educacional. A abordagem metodológica da pesquisa é misturado, foi realizado com 33 estudantes na quinta série. A metodologia consiste em três etapas de análise, em primeiro lugar um questionário e uma entrevista foi realizada para identificar as ideias anteriores de estudantes, e dificuldades no ensino; a segunda vez foi a descrição das sessões desenvolvidas com os alunos a partir da descrição de aplicação da hipermídia; na terceira vez e os resultados obtidos durante hipermídias postimplementation, a partir de uma matriz preparada previamente ou grade analisados. Como resultado positivos foram evidentes tanto na aprendizagem e atitudes dos alunos, como o interesse ea motivação despertou neles essas ferramentas, permitindo-lhes reconhecer diferenciar e construir definições muito próximo da realidade, facilitando progresso e apropriação de outros conceitos, como, por sua vez a importância da apropriação de uso e implementação das TIC pelos professores em sala de aula.

RESUMO

Aluminum-containing adjuvants usually referred as Alum are considered as T helper type-2 (Th2) adjuvants, while agonists of toll-like receptors (TLRs) are viewed as adjuvants that favor Th1/Th17 immunity. Alum has been used in numerous vaccine formulations; however, its undesired pro-Th2 adjuvant activity constitutes a caveat for Alum-based vaccines. Combining Alum with TLR-dependent, pro-Th1/Th17 adjuvants might dampen the pro-Th2 activity and improve the effectiveness of vaccine formulations. Here, using the ovalbumin (OVA) model of allergic lung inflammation, we found that sensitization with the synthetic TLR9 agonist, which is composed of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs adsorbed to Alum, inhibited the development of OVA-induced lung allergic Th2 responses without shifting toward a Th1 pattern. The conversion of T cell immunity from the polarized allergic Th2 response to a non-polarized form by sensitization with OVA/Alum/CpG was dependent on MyD88 signaling in myeloid cells. Notably, sensitization of IL-10-deficient mice with OVA/Alum/CpG resulted in the development of neutrophilic lung inflammation associated with IFNγ production. However, in IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice, it resulted in neutrophilic inflammation dominated by IL-17 production. We conclude that OVA/Alum/CpG sensitization signaling via MyD88 and IL-10 molecules results in non-polarized immunity. Conversely, OVA/Alum/CpG sensitization in presence of MyD88 but absence of IL-10 or IL-10/IL-12 molecules results, respectively, in neutrophilic inflammation associated with IFNγ or IL-17 production. Our work provides novel OVA models of lung inflammation and suggests that Alum/CpG-based formulations might be of potential use in anti-allergic or anti-infectious processes.

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to assess the responses of the gonopodium morphology and the gonadal and liver histology of adult male Cnesterodon decemmaculatus to sublethal long-term exposure concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Two experiments were conducted exposing the fish to waterborne concentrations of EE2 ranging from 20 ng/L to 200 ng/L for 8 wk, 12 wk, and 16 wk. Intersex gonads were observed after 8 wk and 16 wk in fish exposed to 200 ng EE2/L and 100 ng EE2/L, respectively. Oocytes' development from testis germ cells and replacement of the efferent duct periodic acid-Schiff-positive secretion surrounding spermatozeugmata by parenchymal tissue and duct structure alterations were the major observed changes in the gonads. In contrast, no response was observed in the gonopodium morphology. Liver histology was also altered, showing increasing steatosis, single-cell necrosis to generalized necrosis, and disruption of acinar organization from 100 ng EE2/L to 200 ng EE2/L. In summary, the present results showed that although EE2 was not able to alter the morphology of a developed gonopodium, it was capable of inducing development of testicular oocytes in adult male C. decemmaculatus at environmentally relevant concentrations. Thus, externally normal but intersex C. decemmaculatus males would be expected in the wastewater-receiving streams that the species inhabits. According to the literature, the present study would be the first indicating estrogen-induced intersex in adult male poeciliid. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1738-1745. © 2016 SETAC.

Assuntos

Ciprinodontiformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/etiologia , Etinilestradiol/toxicidade , Gônadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Acinares/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Acinares/patologia , Animais , Ciprinodontiformes/fisiologia , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/patologia , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/veterinária , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Fígado Gorduroso/veterinária , Feminino , Gônadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gônadas/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Necrose , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oócitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oócitos/patologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testículo/patologia

RESUMO

Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis) is an anaerobic intestinal protozoan parasite that has been associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms. We report a case of post-infectious IBS caused by D. fragilis treated successfully with metronidazole. A 33-year-old African American male with an unremarkable past medical history was seen in the office with a three-month history of intermittent, generalized, crampy abdominal pain with bloating and flatulence without associated weight loss. He visited Mexico for his honeymoon four months ago. Initial lab work was normal. Dietary changes including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet and loperamide were prescribed with the presumptive diagnosis of IBS; however, his symptoms persisted. Three samples of stool for ova and parasites (O&P) were positive for D. fragilis. The patient was treated with metronidazole for 14 days. Repeat fecal O&P were negative. Upon follow-up, the patient' symptoms substantially improved with a resolution of abdominal pain and flatulence. Infection caused by D. fragilis may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. It is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and alteration of bowel movements, resembling IBS. The diagnosis is made via the detection of D. fragilis trophozoites in appropriately fixed and stained stool samples or by a polymerase chain reaction. Treatment options include tetracyclines, paromomycin, metronidazole, and Iodoquinol. Further epidemiologic studies may help in elucidating the association between D. fragilis and IBS.

RESUMO

Herissantia tiubae (HtE) is a Brazilian plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the HtE has anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects in a murine model of asthma. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were treated with HtE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or dexamethasone before each OVA challenge. After the last challenge, animals were subjected to anxiety tests and respiratory measurements. Following euthanasia, we quantified immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum IgE titer and cytokine levels, cellular infiltration and mucus content in the lung tissues, and cellular composition of the mediastinal lymph nodes. OVA challenge in sensitized animals caused: (1) reduction of mean respiratory and dominant respiratory rate (from 398 ± 12 to 286 ± 20 cicles per minute (cpm) and from 320 ± 14 to 162 ± 15 cpm, respectively); (2) increase in behavioral markers of anxiety tests; (3) substantial pro-inflammatory effects, including rise in OVA-specific IgE titer (from 0 to 1:2048) and these inflammatory effect diminished the titer to 1:512 after HtE treatment; rise in plasma IL-13 (from 13 ng/mL in saline to 227 ng/mL in OVA and HtE treatment restored to 1.29 ng/mL; rise in total BAL cell count (from 0.742 cells/mL in saline to 11.77 cells/mL in OVA), with prominent eosinophilia. H. tiubae extract affected respiratory parameters similarly to aminophylline, behavioral changes comparable to diazepam, and inflammation being as efficient as dexamethasone. H. tiubae extract (HtE) possesses both anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties in the murine model of asthma.

Assuntos

Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/terapia , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Ansiedade/terapia , Brasil , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Hidroxietilrutosídeo , Camundongos , Ovalbumina

RESUMO

Estudios realizados sobre el tema de valoración de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje han aportado instrumentos que en gran medida han sido pensados para atender la generalidad de aspectos estructurales y no han profundizado en aspectos metodológicos, ni han atendido a particularidades intrínsecas de los conocimientos propios de una disciplina, lo que sugirió la necesidad de proponer e investigar sobre la definición de las características de un instrumento de valoración, atendiendo a las particularidades de las matemáticas y de sus contenidos. Para consolidar la construcción del instrumento de valoración de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje, se llegó a la conclusión que este debería atender a la relación entre el contenido, la pedagogía y la tecnología, aspectos que se profundizan en el marco teórico de la investigación. Un instrumento de carácter didáctico-conceptual, que abarca varias dimensiones y cuenta con unas orientaciones generales para los temas del área de matemáticas, en específico para la enseñanza de las fracciones, proporcionando un espacio de participación al profesor para la construcción del instrumento como tal. El instrumento de valoración fue validado en varias etapas, donde fueron partícipes profesores de matemáticas de diferentes niveles educativos. Como resultado de este proceso investigativo surgió un Instrumento nombrado "Valoración de Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje para la enseñanza de las fracciones", que pretendió llenar el vacío estructural y de contenido identificado en los demás instrumentos existentes.

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Studies about the subject of valuation of virtual learning objects have contributed with instruments which are largely designed to serve the generality of structural aspects and they have not gone deeply in methodological aspects or they have attended intrinsic peculiarities of discipline-specific knowledge, which suggested the need to propose and investigate on the definition of the characteristics of a measurement instrument attending to the particularities of mathematics and their contents. To strengthen the construction of the instrument for the evaluation of virtual learning objects it was reached the conclusion that this should address the relationship between the content, pedagogy and technology, aspects that deepens in the theoretical framework of research. An instrument of didactic-conceptual character which encompasses several dimensions, and has general guidelines for subjects in the area of mathematics, in particular for the teaching of fractions, providing a space for participation to the Teacher for the construction of the instrument as such. The assessment instrument was validated in several stages, where they were involved math teachers from different educational levels. As a result of this research process emerged an instrument named "Valuation ofVirtual Learning Objects for Teaching Fractions", which sought to fill the empty structural and content identified in other existing instruments.

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Estudos sobre o tema da avaliação de objetos virtuais de aprendizagem, têm fornecido ferramentas que foram em grande parte destinados a abordar a generalidade dos aspectos estruturais, e não já mergulhou em aspectos metodológicos, nem tenham frequentado peculiaridades intrínsecas da experiência de uma disciplina; Ele está sugerindo a necessidade de propor e investigar sobre a definição das características de um instrumento de avaliação, com base nas especificidades de matemática e seu conteúdo. Para fortalecer a construção dos objetos virtuais de aprendizagem instrumento de avaliação, concluiu-se que esta deve abordar a relação entre aspectos de conteúdo, pedagogia e tecnologia que aprofundam no referencial teórico da investigação. Um instrumento de natureza didático-conceitual, abrangendo várias dimensões e tem diretrizes gerais para os problemas na área da matemática, especificamente para fracções de ensino, proporcionando um espaço de participação para o professor para a construção do instrumento como tal. A ferramenta de avaliação foi validada em várias etapas, onde os professores de matemática eram participantes de diferentes níveis de ensino. Como resultado deste processo de investigação um instrumento designado "ranking Objetos Virtuais de Aprendizagem para frações de ensino", que visam preencher a estrutura vazia e conteúdos identificados nos outros instrumentos existentes surgiram.

RESUMO

In BALB/c adult mice, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection enhances the degree of lung inflammation before and/or after ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory sensitization. However, it is unclear whether RSV infection in newborn mice has an effect on the immune response to OVA respiratory sensitization in adult mice. The aim of this study was to determine if RSV neonatal infection alters T CD4(+) population and lung inflammation during OVA respiratory sensitization in adult mice. BALB/c mice were infected with RSV on the fourth day of life and challenged by OVA 4 weeks later. We found that in adult mice, RSV neonatal infection prior to OVA sensitization reduces the CD4(+) CD25(+) and CD4(+) CD25(+) forkhead protein 3 (FoxP3)(+) cell populations in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage. Furthermore, it also attenuates the inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine/chemokine expression levels in the mouse airways. In conclusion, the magnitude of the immune response to a non-viral respiratory perturbation in adult mice is not enhanced by a neonatal RSV infection.

Assuntos

Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Pneumonia/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/imunologia , Imunização , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/virologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pneumonia/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/imunologia

RESUMO

Este artigo analisa os aspectos jurídicos e bioéticos da prática médica da doação compartilhada de óvulos no contexto da Reprodução Assistida no Brasil. Trata-se de uma prática criada pela classe médica para auxiliar na obtenção de gametas femininos e beneficiar as pacientes que buscam alcançar a gravidez com assistência profissional (AU)

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This paper examines the legal and bioethical aspects of medical practice of shared egg donation in the context of Assisted Reproduction in Brazil. This is a practice created by physicians to aid in obtaining female gametes and benefit patients seeking to achieve pregnancy with professional assistance (AU)

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Doação de Oócitos/legislação & jurisprudência , Doação de Oócitos/ética , Óvulo/transplante , Fertilização in vitro/legislação & jurisprudência , Fertilização in vitro/ética , Comportamento Cooperativo , Temas Bioéticos , Contratos , Infertilidade/economia , Infertilidade/terapia

RESUMO

Efficiency of the identification of eggs of Engraulis anchoita can be greatly improved by a method developed from egg measurements, using photography and the ImageJ programme, analysed by discriminant analysis using R software.

RESUMO

As biosolids application to croplands becomes a common practice, potential harm from pathogenic microbes needs to be mitigated for its safe reuse. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of tilling treatment on biosolids drying and microbial inactivation during the solar drying process in a semi-arid and temperate region. Solar drying experiments were conducted in sand and gravel dying beds open-to-the-air and under covering structures with biosolids to 20 cm depth from 2004 to 2006. Anaerobically- and Aerobically-digested biosolids received different tilling treatments throughout the drying process, while a series of biosolids samples were collected to determine the impact on total solids and microbial concentrations (Salmonella spp and heminth ova). Tilling treatments appeared to enhance the biosolids drying and microbial inactivation. Tilling was more effective during the cold season compared with the summer season and tilling treatments were also helpful in elevating biosolids temperature by expediting biosolids drying. The combined effect of temperature increase and moisture decrease by tilling may have resulted in faster microbial inactivation, particularly for persistent helminth ova. It was concluded that incorporation of tilling into biosolids solar drying can expedite biosolids drying as well as microbial inactivation, and thus can be an effective measure for shortening the biosolids conversion to Class A biosolids in which pathogens are reduced to below detectable levels.

Assuntos

Agricultura , Viabilidade Microbiana , Eliminação de Resíduos/normas , Esgotos/microbiologia , Esgotos/parasitologia , Luz Solar , Animais , Arizona , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos/efeitos da radiação , Helmintos/fisiologia , Helmintos/efeitos da radiação , México , Estações do Ano , Esgotos/química

RESUMO

Um cão, fêmea, raça Boxer, com nove anos de idade foi diagnosticado com osteossarcoma no membro posterior direito. Durante a investigação de ocorrência de metástase por meio de exames de imagem, observou-se presença de uma massa na cavidade abdominal. Realizou-se laparatomia exploratória e observou-se que a massa estava localizada no ovário esquerdo. O exame citológico intraoperatório demonstrou presença de células fusiformes com moderado pleomorfismo celular e neutrófilos. Tais achados citológicos não foram sugestivos de metástase de osteossarcoma. A massa foi totalmente excisada e submetida à avaliação histopatológica. No exame microscópico observou-se uma proliferação de células fusiformes dispostas em arranjos trabeculares formando canais vasculares, entremeadas por discreto a moderado estroma colagenoso. As células mostraram moderado pleomorfismo celular e alto índice mitótico. Havia presença de necrose acentuada e hemorragia multifocal. Com base nos achados histopatológicos, o diagnóstico definitivo foi de hemangiosarcoma. Este tumor raramente acomete o ovário como sítio primário em cães e foi relatado apenas uma vez na literatura veterinária. No entanto, deve ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial em cães fêmeas com massa em ovário.

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A nine-year-old female Boxer was diagnosed with osteosarcoma in the right hind limb. During imaging exams to investigate the occurrence of metastasis, it was observed a mass in the abdominal cavity. A laparotomy was performed, and the mass was detected in the left ovary. Intraoperative fine-needle aspirates were made and showed spindle cells with moderate cellular pleomorphism and neutrophils. The cytological findings were not compatible with osteosarcoma metastasis. The mass was excised and submitted to histopathological evaluation. The microscopic examination showed a proliferation of spindle cells forming small vascular channels and a trabecular pattern interspersed by discrete to moderate collagenous stroma. The cells showed moderate cellular pleomorphism and high mitotic index. There was abundant necrosis and multifocal hemorrhage. The definitive diagnosis was hemangiosarcoma. This is a rare primary ovary tumor in dogs with just one previous report in veterinary literature. However, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in female dogs with ovary mass. 

RESUMO

Um cão, fêmea, raça Boxer, com nove anos de idade foi diagnosticado com osteossarcoma no membro posterior direito. Durante a investigação de ocorrência de metástase por meio de exames de imagem, observou-se presença de uma massa na cavidade abdominal. Realizou-se laparatomia exploratória e observou-se que a massa estava localizada no ovário esquerdo. O exame citológico intraoperatório demonstrou presença de células fusiformes com moderado pleomorfismo celular e neutrófilos. Tais achados citológicos não foram sugestivos de metástase de osteossarcoma. A massa foi totalmente excisada e submetida à avaliação histopatológica. No exame microscópico observou-se uma proliferação de células fusiformes dispostas em arranjos trabeculares formando canais vasculares, entremeadas por discreto a moderado estroma colagenoso. As células mostraram moderado pleomorfismo celular e alto índice mitótico. Havia presença de necrose acentuada e hemorragia multifocal. Com base nos achados histopatológicos, o diagnóstico definitivo foi de hemangiosarcoma. Este tumor raramente acomete o ovário como sítio primário em cães e foi relatado apenas uma vez na literatura veterinária. No entanto, deve ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial em cães fêmeas com massa em ovário.

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A nine-year-old female Boxer was diagnosed with osteosarcoma in the right hind limb. During imaging exams to investigate the occurrence of metastasis, it was observed a mass in the abdominal cavity. A laparotomy was performed, and the mass was detected in the left ovary. Intraoperative fine-needle aspirates were made and showed spindle cells with moderate cellular pleomorphism and neutrophils. The cytological findings were not compatible with osteosarcoma metastasis. The mass was excised and submitted to histopathological evaluation. The microscopic examination showed a proliferation of spindle cells forming small vascular channels and a trabecular pattern interspersed by discrete to moderate collagenous stroma. The cells showed moderate cellular pleomorphism and high mitotic index. There was abundant necrosis and multifocal hemorrhage. The definitive diagnosis was hemangiosarcoma. This is a rare primary ovary tumor in dogs with just one previous report in veterinary literature. However, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in female dogs with ovary mass.