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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) with laser on the inflammatory process in an experimental in vitro model of ACO. The groups were: (1) human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B); (2) BEAS-2B cells treated with dexamethasone; (3) BEAS-2B cells irradiated with laser; (4) BEAS-2B cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) + House Dust Mite (HDM); (5) BEAS-2B cells stimulated with CSE + HDM and treated with dexamethasone; (6) BEAS-2B cells incubated with CSE + HDM and irradiated with laser. After 24 h, cytokines were quantified. There was a reduction in TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, and an increase in IL-10 and IFN-γ in cells from the laser-irradiated ACO group compared to only ACO group. With these results, we can suggest that photobiomodulation acts in the modulation of inflammation observed in ACO, and may be a treatment option.
Assuntos
Asma , Citocinas , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Humanos , Asma/radioterapia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/radioterapia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Modelos Biológicos , Pyroglyphidae/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos da radiação , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Fumaça/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that maternal exposure to constant light during the gestational period could be considered as a chronic stressor, impairing offspring development by interfering in neuroendocrine and behavior responses. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether maternal exposure to continuous light during pregnancy affects the adult reproductive system in the female offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated into light-dark (LD) group, exposed to light and dark photoperiod during gestation, and the light-light (LL) group, exposed to a photoperiod of constant light during gestation. After birth, pups were maintained under normal light-dark photoperiod until adulthood. At postnatal day 90, blood was collected from the female offspring, to analyze plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone levels, and the uterus and ovaries were harvested for morphometric, histological, and oxidative stress evaluations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Female exposure to continuous light during the intrauterine period resulted in the adult reduction of LH and increased progesterone plasma levels, and uterine injuries a higher number of endometrial glands and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. In these experimental conditions, gestational continuous light exposure disturbs sex hormone balance and reduces the antioxidant enzymatic activity in the uterus of female offspring in adult life.
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Antioxidantes , Progesterona , Ratos , Gravidez , Animais , Feminino , Ratos Wistar , Hormônio Luteinizante , ÚteroRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Skin aging is an irreversible, slow and progressive process, mainly influenced by age, but also by external factors such as ultraviolet radiation, smoking, and alcohol, among others. It is increasingly common to look for procedures that slow down skin aging by limiting or hiding its effects on appearance. Studies have shown the benefits of photobiomodulation (PBM) for the skin, especially with the use of red light-emitting diodes. However, there is a high level of variability in the treatment parameters and frequency of application. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of PBM with a light-emitting diode mask (660 nm, 6.4 mW/ cm², 8,02 J/ cm², 5.02 mW, 21 minutes) on facial rejuvenation using 2 frequency applications for 4 weeks: one group will receive PBM application on the face, twice a week and another group will receive PBM application 3 times a week. A group with simulated PBM applied twice a week for 4 weeks will be used as a control. The treatment will be performed on female participants aged between 45 and 60 years. After 4 weeks, evaluations of photographic images by specialists (Wrinkle Assessment Scale) as well as the quantitative analysis of the wrinkle size by the Image J software, the depth and width of wrinkles (assessment of face impressions by optical coherence tomography) and the level of Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall will be compared with data collected before the start of the study. All data will be analyzed statistically according to their distribution, seeking a level of statistical significance of 0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Nove de Julho University (acceptance number: 4.365.565). This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04911140). This study is recruiting.
Assuntos
Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Envelhecimento da Pele , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Rejuvenescimento , Raios Ultravioleta , Pele , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
Parabens and phthalates are commonly found as contaminants in human fluids and are able to provoke reproductive toxicity, being considered endocrine disruptors. To evaluate the effects of phthalate and paraben, alone or in combination, on reproductive development of the offspring, female pregnant Wistar rats were allocated in six experimental groups: Three control groups (gavage [CG], subcutaneous [CS], and gavage + subcutaneous) received corn oil as vehicle, and the remaining groups were exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (500 mg/kg, gavage), butyl paraben (BP) (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously), or MIX (DEHP + BP), from Gestational Day 12 until Postnatal Day (PND) 21. The following parameters were assessed on the offspring: anogenital distance and weight at PND 1, nipple counting at PND 13, puberty onset, estrous cycle, weights of reproductive and detoxifying organs, histological evaluation of reproductive organs, and sperm evaluations (counts, morphology, and motility). Female pups from MIX group presented reduced body weight at PND 1, lower AGD, and decreased endometrium thickness. Male animals showed decreased body weight at PND 1 and lower number of Sertoli cells on DEHP and MIX groups, MIX group revealed increase of abnormal seminiferous tubules, DEHP animals presented delayed preputial separation and higher percentage of immotile sperms, and BP males presented diminished number of Leydig cells. In conclusion, the male offspring was more susceptible to DEHP toxicity; even when mixed to paraben, the main negative effects observed seem to be due to antiandrogenic phthalate action. On the other hand, DEHP seems to be necessary to improve the effects of BP on reducing estrogen-dependent and increasing androgen-dependent events.
Assuntos
Dietilexilftalato , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Gravidez , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Dietilexilftalato/toxicidade , Parabenos/toxicidade , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Wistar , Maturidade Sexual , Sêmen , Peso Corporal , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/patologia , TestículoRESUMO
Keloid scars are characterized by the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and an imbalance between the production and degradation of collagen, leading to its buildup in the dermis. There is no "gold standard" treatment for this condition, and the recurrence is frequent after surgical procedures removal. In vitro studies have demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) using the blue wavelength reduces the proliferation speed and the number of fibroblasts as well as the expression of TGF-ß. There are no protocols studied and established for the treatment of keloids with blue LED. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the combination of PBM with blue light and the intralesional administration of the corticoid triamcinolone hexacetonide on the quality of the remaining scar by Vancouver Scar Scale in the postoperative period of keloid surgery. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial will be conducted involving two groups: 1) Sham (n = 29): intralesional administration of corticoid (IAC) and sham PBM in the preoperative and postoperative periods of keloid removal surgery; and 2) active PBM combined with IAC (n = 29) in the preoperative and postoperative periods of keloid removal surgery. Transcutaneous PBM will be performed on the keloid region in the preoperative period and on the remaining scar in the postoperative period using blue LED (470 nm, 400 mW, 4J per point on 10 linear points). The patients will answer two questionnaires: one for the assessment of quality of life (Qualifibro-UNIFESP) and one for the assessment of satisfaction with the scar (PSAQ). The team of five plastic surgeons will answer the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). All questionnaires will be administered one, three, six, and twelve months postoperatively. The keloids will be molded in silicone prior to the onset of treatment and prior to excision to assess pre-treatment and post-treatment size. The same will be performed for the remaining scar at one, three, six, and twelve months postoperatively. The removed keloid will be submitted to histopathological analysis for the determination of the quantity of fibroblasts, the organization and distribution of collagen (picrosirius staining), and the genic expression of TGF-ß (qPCR). All data will be submitted to statistical analysis. Trial registration: This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04824612).
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Queloide/terapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Triancinolona Acetonida/análogos & derivados , Corticosteroides/farmacologia , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intralesionais , Queloide/metabolismo , Queloide/psicologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Triancinolona Acetonida/administração & dosagem , Triancinolona Acetonida/farmacologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMEN El cáncer pulmonar es un problema de salud pública debido a su alta morbimortalidad mundial y en el Perú. En el cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas (CPCNP) la detección de mutaciones del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR) ha sido útil para elección de la terapéutica de esta enfermedad. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la información actual y relevante sobre la biopsia liquida como técnica diagnóstica en detección de mutaciones del gen EGFR en pacientes con cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas. Las principales guías de cáncer y dos revisiones sistemáticas muestran evidencia a favor de la biopsia líquida en busca de mutaciones del gen EGFR, esto como una alternativa a la biopsia de tejido al inicio de diagnóstico y con una mayor aceptación de uso en el escenario clínico de pacientes con CPCNP con mutaciones sensibles de EGFR. Esta tecnología sanitaria puede ser útil en nuestro país, y proponemos su uso en dos escenarios clínicos.
ABSTRACT Lung cancer is a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality worldwide and in Peru. In non-small cell lung cancer, the detection of mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been useful for the choice of therapeutics for this disease. In the present article we aim to discuss current and relevant information on the best diagnostic technique for EGFR in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The main cancer guidelines and two systematic reviews showed evidence in favor of the diagnosis of EGFR gene mutations on liquid biopsy as an alternative to tissue biopsy at the beginning of diagnosis and with a greater acceptance use, in the clinical setting of NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations. This healthcare technology may be useful in our country, and we propose its use in two clinical scenarios.
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Many obese patients are exposed to hypolipidemic and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drugs. Statins are one of the most marketed drugs in the world to treat dyslipidemia, while sibutramine, a SNRI drug, is prescribed in some countries to treat obesity and is detected as an additive in many adulterated weight loss supplements marketed worldwide. Previous studies reported adverse effects of isolated exposure to these drugs on male rat reproductive parameters. In the present work, we further investigated male reproductive toxicity of these drugs, administered in isolation or combination in adult rats for a longer period of treatment. Adult male rats (90 days) were treated (gavage) for 70 days with saline and dimethyl sulfoxide (control), sibutramine (10 mg/kg), rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg), or rosuvastatin combined with sibutramine. Sibutramine alone or with rosuvastatin, promoted a reduction in food intake and body weight gain, weight of the epididymis, ventral prostate and seminal vesicle; as well as decreased sperm reserves and transit time through the epididymis; androgen depletion; and increased index of cytoplasmic droplet. The rosuvastatin-treated group showed reduced frequency of ejaculation. Exposure to this drug alone or combined with sibutramine impaired epididymal morphology. Co-exposed rats had altered epididymal morphometry, and seminal vesicle and testis weights. The rats also showed decreased fertility after natural mating and a trend toward a delay in ejaculation, suggesting a small synergistic effect of these drugs. Given the greater reproductive efficiency of rodents, the results obtained in the present study raise concern regarding possible fertility impairment in men taking statins and SNRI drugs.
Assuntos
Ciclobutanos/toxicidade , Ciclobutanos/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Fenômenos Reprodutivos Fisiológicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/toxicidade , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/uso terapêutico , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to adapt and validate the Instrumental Expressive Social Support Scale (IESS) in a sample of older people. METHOD: methodological study. The sample of 964 community-dwelling older people was randomly divided into two groups. The first group was used as a calibration sample to study the number of factors underlying social support through Principal Axis Factoring, and the second group as a validation sample to test the "best fit" model through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. RESULTS: exploratory Factor Analysis suggested a three-factor solution, which was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The factors were similar to those in the pre-existing dimensions of the original instrument and were named as Sense of control (α = 0.900), Financial support (α = 0.802), Familiar and socio-affective support (α = 0.778). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable fit. The model's goodness-of-fit indexes were satisfactory (χ2/df = 5.418; CFI = 0.903; NFI = 0.884; RMSEA = 0.098). The convergent validity was supported by associations between social support and medication adherence and positive affect. The discriminant validity was evidenced by association with negative affect. The reliability analysis showed high values of internal consistency. CONCLUSION: the instrument proved to be a valid measure for the assessment of social support in older people.
Assuntos
Afeto/fisiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Psicometria/normas , Apoio Social , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PortugalRESUMO
Dyslipidemias are occurring earlier in different countries due to the increase of obesity, bad eating habits, and sedentary lifestyle. Rosuvastatin reduces serum cholesterol; however, several studies associated statin exposure with male reproduction impairment. Ascorbic acid (AA) is an antioxidant substance that plays a protective role in the male reproductive system. Male rats were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 10), which received saline solution 0.9%, 3 or 10 mg/kg/day of rosuvastatin, 150 mg/day of AA or 3 or 10 mg/kg/day of rosuvastatin associated with 150 mg/day of AA from post-natal day (PND) 23 until PND 53. On PND 100, males were mated with non-treated female rats to obtain the female pups. The day of vaginal opening and the first estrus were assessed in the offspring. Two sets of females were euthanized on the first estrus after PND 42 and PND 75 to evaluate the histology of reproductive organs and hormone levels. A third set was used for sexual behavior and fertility test around PND 75. Female offspring from males exposed or co-exposed to the higher dose of statin exhibited a lower number of corpora lutea during puberty. On sexual maturity, the experimental group from males that were exposed to 3 mg displayed lower uterine luminal epithelium area. Paternal exposure to rosuvastatin at pre-puberty diminished uterine luminal epithelium in female offspring suggesting epigenetic changes were initiated by statin. Ascorbic acid co-administered to pre-pubertal males was able to ameliorate the reproductive damage in rat female offspring in adulthood.
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Anticolesterolemiantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Exposição Paterna , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Objective to adapt and validate the Instrumental Expressive Social Support Scale (IESS) in a sample of older people. Method methodological study. The sample of 964 community-dwelling older people was randomly divided into two groups. The first group was used as a calibration sample to study the number of factors underlying social support through Principal Axis Factoring, and the second group as a validation sample to test the "best fit" model through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results exploratory Factor Analysis suggested a three-factor solution, which was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The factors were similar to those in the pre-existing dimensions of the original instrument and were named as Sense of control (α = 0.900), Financial support (α = 0.802), Familiar and socio-affective support (α = 0.778). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable fit. The model's goodness-of-fit indexes were satisfactory (χ2/df = 5.418; CFI = 0.903; NFI = 0.884; RMSEA = 0.098). The convergent validity was supported by associations between social support and medication adherence and positive affect. The discriminant validity was evidenced by association with negative affect. The reliability analysis showed high values of internal consistency. Conclusion the instrument proved to be a valid measure for the assessment of social support in older people.
Objetivo adaptar e validar a Escala de Suporte Social Instrumental e Expressivo (IESS) em uma amostra de idosos. Método estudo metodológico. A amostra de 964 idosos residentes em comunidade foi dividida aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo foi utilizado como amostra de calibração para estudar o número de fatores subjacentes ao suporte social, pelo Método dos Eixos Principais, e o segundo grupo como amostra de validação para testar o modelo de "melhor ajuste", por meio da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Resultados a Análise Fatorial Exploratória indicou uma solução de três fatores, que foi confirmada pela Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Os fatores foram semelhantes aos das dimensões preexistentes do instrumento original e foram denominados Sensação de controle (α = 0,900), Suporte financeiro (α = 0,802), Suporte Familiar e socioafetivo (α = 0,778). A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória mostrou um ajuste aceitável. Os índices de adequação do modelo foram satisfatórios (χ2/gl = 5,418; CFI = 0,903; NFI = 0,884; RMSEA = 0,098). A validade convergente foi confirmada por associações entre o suporte social e a adesão à medicação e o afeto positivo. A validação discriminante foi evidenciada por associação com o afeto negativo. A análise de confiabilidade mostrou valores de consistência interna elevados. Conclusão o instrumento provou ser uma medida válida para a avaliação do suporte social em idosos.
Objetivo adaptar y validar la Escala de Apoyo Social Instrumental y Expresivo (IESS) en una muestra de adultos mayores. Método estudio metodológico. La muestra de 964 adultos mayores residentes en comunidad se dividió de manera aleatoria en dos grupos. El primer grupo se utilizó como una muestra de calibración para estudiar el número de factores subyacentes al apoyo social, mediante el Método de los Ejes Principales, y el segundo grupo como muestra de validación para probar el modelo de "mejor ajuste", mediante el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Resultados el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó una solución de tres factores, que se confirmó por el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Los factores fueron similares a los de las dimensiones preexistentes del instrumento original y fueron nombrados Sensación de control (α = 0,900), Apoyo financiero (α = 0,802), Apoyo Familiar y socio-afectivo (α = 0,778). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio mostró un ajuste aceptable. Los índices de bondad de ajuste del modelo fueron satisfactorios (χ2/gl = 5,418; CFI = 0,903; NFI = 0,884; RMSEA = 0,098). La validez convergente fue confirmada por asociaciones entre el apoyo social y la adherencia a la medicación y el afecto positivo. La validez discriminante se evidenció por asociación con el afecto negativo. El análisis de confiabilidad mostró valores de consistencia interna elevados. Conclusión el instrumento probó ser una medida válida para la evaluación del apoyo social en adultos mayores.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicometria/normas , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adesão à Medicação , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Portugal , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Betamethasone is the drug of choice for antenatal treatment, promoting fetal lung maturation and decreasing mortality. Previous studies in rats reported male programming and alteration in sperm parameters and sexual behavior following intrauterine betamethasone exposure. The impact on the female reproductive development is not known. In this study, rat female offspring was assessed for sexual development, morphophysiology of the reproductive tract and fertility after maternal exposure to 0.1 mg kg-1 of betamethasone or vehicle on gestational days 12, 13, 18 and 19. The treatment promoted reduction of litter weight on postnatal day 1, morphological masculinization in females, delay in the age of puberty onset, reduction in estrus number, increase in estrous cycle length and increase in luteinizing hormone serum levels and uterus weight. The females from the betamethasone group showed an increase of myometrial uterine area and decrease in endometrial uterine area. These animals also performed less lordosis during the sexual behavior test and showed impaired reproductive performance. The uterus showed higher contraction in the treated group as shown by a pharmacological assay. In conclusion, prenatal betamethasone exposure in rats promoted female masculinization, altered sexual development and reproductive parameters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Betametasona/toxicidade , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/diagnóstico , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Peso Corporal , Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Comportamento Sexual Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Parabens are hormonally active chemicals widely used as preservatives in foods and are frequently detected in human fluids and tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternal butyl paraben (BP) exposure on male sexual development. Pregnant Wistar rats received corn oil (control group), or BP at doses of 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg, subcutaneously, from gestational day 12 until postnatal day 21. Our results demonstrated that developmental BP exposure significantly increased the number of adult Leydig cells and the circulating concentrations of testosterone and attenuated FSH and LH concentrations at 200 mg/kg. BP exposure adversely affected spermatogenesis kinetics at doses of 10 and 200 mg/kg and provoked a decrease in the immunostaining of EsR1 and AR at 200 mg/kg. The sperm motility was impaired at the 10 mg/kg dose, and sperm head abnormalities were increased in all BP dose groups. We suggest that BP impairs testicular structure and function in the rat, affecting sperm quality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1273-1289, 2017.
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Parabenos/toxicidade , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/análise , Idade Gestacional , Injeções Subcutâneas , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/citologia , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio Luteinizante/análise , Masculino , Exposição Materna , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/patologia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Testículo/patologia , Testosterona/análiseRESUMO
Parabens are used as preservatives in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and are frequently detected as contaminants in human fluids and tissues. The endocrine disrupting effects of parabens in female rodents include uterotrophic response, steroidogenesis impairment, and ovarian disturbances. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternal butyl paraben (BP) exposure on female sexual development. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously with either corn oil or BP at doses of 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg, from gestational day (GD) 12 until GD 20 for female foetal gonad evaluation, and from GD 12 until the end of lactation to evaluate sexual parameters on the female offspring. Immature female rats were also used in the uterotrophic assay to evaluate the possible estrogenic action of parabens. Our results revealed that, in this experimental protocol, BP did not show estrogenic activity at the doses used and did not impair sexual development and fertility capacity in the female rats, but impaired sexual behavior. We conclude that brain sexual development may be more sensitive to BP effects and we speculate that doses higher than 100 mg/kg (the male lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for rodent reproductive parameters) would be necessary to promote damages in the female reproduction, regarding the same protocol of exposure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 776-788, 2017.
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Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Parabenos/toxicidade , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Hormônios/sangue , Humanos , Lactação , Masculino , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/patologia , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Comportamento Sexual Animal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Parabens and phthalates are commercial chemicals widely used in the manufacture of industrial and consumer products frequently found as contaminants in biological fluids. We evaluated the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-7) m [1-100 nm; 0.39-39 ng ml(-1) ]) and butylparaben (BP) (ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-5) m [10 nm-10 µm; 1.9 ng ml(-1) to 1.9 µg ml(-1) ]), alone and in combination, on isolated mouse preantral follicle and human granulosa cell (hGC) cultures to study direct effects on follicle growth and ovarian steroidogenesis. Our results revealed that, in follicle culture, DEHP and BP attenuate estradiol output but only when present together. DEHP decreases progesterone concentrations in the spent media of hGC cultures, an effect that was attenuated when BP was added together with DEHP. Although changes in steroidogenesis were observed, no effects on follicular development or survival were noted in the culture systems. We suggest that BP and DEHP act with additive effect to decrease estradiol production whereas at later stages of follicle development BP blocks the effect of DEHP in hGCs resulting in decreased progesterone output. Taken together our results suggest that DEHP and BP adversely affect steroidogenesis from the preantral stage onward and the effects of these chemicals are both stage-dependent and modified by co-exposure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Dietilexilftalato/toxicidade , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Parabenos/toxicidade , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Estradiol/metabolismo , Feminino , Células da Granulosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Folículo Ovariano/metabolismo , Progesterona/metabolismoRESUMO
Androgen exposure during sexual development induces alterations in steroidal target tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the uterine responsiveness to estradiol after perinatal androgenization. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to corn oil or testosterone propionate at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg from gestational day 12 until postnatal day 21. Female offspring was challenged with estradiol (E2 ) after weaning (0.4 mg/kg) and at adulthood (10 or 100 µg/day), when the pituitary response was also evaluated. At adulthood, control and 0.05 mg/kg groups presented a uterine weight increment when exposed to 100 µg/day of E2 , 0.1 mg/kg group only responded to 10 µg/day of E2 , and the 0.2 mg/kg group showed increased uterine weight at both doses. The pituitary weight was similarly increased after estradiol stimulation in all experimental groups. In conclusion, testosterone propionate exposure induced an abnormal stimulation of uterine tissue growth by estrogen stimulus without affecting pituitary response. More studies are needed to clarify whether these alterations are capable of impairing the reproductive capacity of the female tract. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1460-1468, 2016.
Assuntos
Estradiol/farmacologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Propionato de Testosterona/toxicidade , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/patologia , Androgênios/toxicidade , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Feminino , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Útero/metabolismoRESUMO
The Brazilian federal government Agency for Health Surveillance detected pesticide residues in fresh food available for consumers all over the country. The current study investigated the effects of a mixture of some of those pesticides (dichlorvos, dicofol, dieldrin, endosulfan, and permethrin) on the reproductive system of Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wistar (WT), and Lewis (LEW) rats. Female rats from each strain were randomized into three experimental groups and were fed a control diet or diets added with pesticides mixture at their respective no-observed-effect level (NOEL)/no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) (low dose) (mg/kg/d): dichlorvos (0.23), dicofol (0.5), dieldrin (0.025), endosulfan (0.7), permethrin (5), or lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL)/lowest-effect level (LEL)/ lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) (toxically effective dose) (mg/kg/d): dichlorvos (2.3), dicofol (2.1), dieldrin (0.05), endosulfan (3.8), and permethrin (25) as reported in the literature. Euthanasia was performed between wk 10 and 12, during the estrous stage. Decreased body weights gain (SD and WT) and increased liver weights (SD, WT, and LEW) were observed in each strain fed the pesticides mixture at the higher levels. At that dose level, rat strains also varied in their responses regarding the estrous cycle, hormonal levels, and number of developing ovarian follicles. The studied mixture of pesticides was found to interfere with the female reproductive system when individual pesticides were mixed above a certain level, indicating a threshold exists for each of the strains studied.
Assuntos
Genitália Feminina/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Ratos/metabolismo , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Nível de Efeito Adverso não Observado , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Prochloraz (PCZ) is a fungicide and androgen-receptor antagonist used worldwide in horticulture and agriculture. Pre- and perinatal exposure to this pesticide during sexual differentiation is deleterious for male offspring. Since data on the effects of PCZ on epididymal functions are scarce, and because sperm maturation occurs in this organ, the present investigation aimed to determine whether low PCZ doses administered to rats during the phase of sperm transit through the epididymis might affect the morphophysiology of this organ and sperm quality. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 different groups: 0 (control, vehicle) or 10, 15, or 30 mg/kg bw/d PCZ diluted in corn oil administered orally for 4 consecutive days. Morphofunctional parameters of the male reproductive tract, hormone concentrations, sperm evaluations, and fertility and histopathologic analysis of testis and epididymis were assessed. There were no statistically significant differences between treated and control groups in relation to all evaluated parameters. Data demonstrated show that PCZ exposure for a brief 4-d exposure and low doses did not produce reproductive toxicity or compromise sperm quality in adult rats.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Androgênios/toxicidade , Epididimo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Antagonistas de Androgênios/efeitos adversos , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Epididimo/citologia , Epididimo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Fungicidas Industriais/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Inseminação Artificial , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Análise do Sêmen , Testículo/citologia , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Toxicidade SubagudaRESUMO
It is well known that breast cancer carries many psychosocial consequences. For a deeper understanding of this topic, this study aims to analyze the relationship between life satisfaction, meaning in life, optimism, body image and depression in 55 women with breast cancer, organized into two groups: mastectomized and submitted to conservative surgery. The variables were characterized based on the results from the Auto-Actualização-SentidoVida [Self-Actualization-Life Meaning] sub-scale, the Escala de Otimismo [Optimism scale], the Body Image Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Escala de Satisfação com a Vida [Life satisfaction scale]. Meaning in life and optimism were positively correlated with life satisfaction. Higher depression and body image disturbance appeared associated with lower life satisfaction. Body image disturbance was higher in mastectomized women. It was concluded that women submitted to conservative surgery do not have more life satisfaction than mastectomized women, requiring equal attention in terms of preventing depression and promoting positive variables...
Sabe-se que o cancro da mama acarreta consequências psicossociais. Para aprofundar esta problemática este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre satisfação com a vida, sentido de vida, otimismo, imagem corporal e depressão em 55 mulheres com cancro da mama, organizadas em dois grupos: mastectomizadas e tumorectomizadas. Essas variáveis foram caracterizadas com base nos resultados da subescala Auto-Actualização-SentidoVida, da Escala de Otimismo, da Body Image Scale, da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale e da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Sentido de vida e otimismo correlacionaram-se positivamente com satisfação com a vida. Maiores índices depressivos e distúrbio na imagem corporal apareceram associados a menor satisfação com a vida. O distúrbio na imagem corporal foi superior em mulheres mastectomizadas. Concluiu-se que as mulheres tumorectomizadas não estão mais satisfeitas com a vida do que as mastectomizadas, necessitando de igual atenção em termos de prevenção da depressão e promoção de variáveis positivas...
Se sabe que el cáncer de mama provoca consecuencias psicosociales. Para investigar esta cuestión, el objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la relación entre satisfacción con la vida, sentido de vida, optimismo, imagen corporal y depresión en 55 mujeres con cáncer de mama, integradas en dos grupos: mujeres sometidas a mastectomía y tumorectomizadas. Se caracterizaron las variables con base en las provas: sub-escala de Auto-Actualização-SentidoVida, Escala de Optimismo, Body Image Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale y Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Sentido de vida y optimismo se correlacionaron positivamente con la satisfacción con la vida. Mayor depresión y disturbio de la imagen corporal expresaron una menor satisfacción con la vida. El disturbio de la imagen corporal fue superior en mujeres sometidas a mastectomía. Se ha concluido que las mujeres tumorectomizadas no están más satisfechas con la vida que las mujeres sometidas a mastectomía, requiriendo la miesma atención cuanto a la prevención de la depresión y a la promoción de las variables positivas...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem Corporal , Neoplasias da Mama , DepressãoRESUMO
It is well known that breast cancer carries many psychosocial consequences. For a deeper understanding of this topic, this study aims to analyze the relationship between life satisfaction, meaning in life, optimism, body image and depression in 55 women with breast cancer, organized into two groups: mastectomized and submitted to conservative surgery. The variables were characterized based on the results from the Auto-Actualização-SentidoVida [Self-Actualization-Life Meaning] sub-scale, the Escala de Otimismo [Optimism scale], the Body Image Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Escala de Satisfação com a Vida [Life satisfaction scale]. Meaning in life and optimism were positively correlated with life satisfaction. Higher depression and body image disturbance appeared associated with lower life satisfaction. Body image disturbance was higher in mastectomized women. It was concluded that women submitted to conservative surgery do not have more life satisfaction than mastectomized women, requiring equal attention in terms of preventing depression and promoting positive variables.(AU)
Sabe-se que o cancro da mama acarreta consequências psicossociais. Para aprofundar esta problemática este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre satisfação com a vida, sentido de vida, otimismo, imagem corporal e depressão em 55 mulheres com cancro da mama, organizadas em dois grupos: mastectomizadas e tumorectomizadas. Essas variáveis foram caracterizadas com base nos resultados da subescala Auto-Actualização-SentidoVida, da Escala de Otimismo, da Body Image Scale, da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale e da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Sentido de vida e otimismo correlacionaram-se positivamente com satisfação com a vida. Maiores índices depressivos e distúrbio na imagem corporal apareceram associados a menor satisfação com a vida. O distúrbio na imagem corporal foi superior em mulheres mastectomizadas. Concluiu-se que as mulheres tumorectomizadas não estão mais satisfeitas com a vida do que as mastectomizadas, necessitando de igual atenção em termos de prevenção da depressão e promoção de variáveis positivas.(AU)
Se sabe que el cáncer de mama provoca consecuencias psicosociales. Para investigar esta cuestión, el objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la relación entre satisfacción con la vida, sentido de vida, optimismo, imagen corporal y depresión en 55 mujeres con cáncer de mama, integradas en dos grupos: mujeres sometidas a mastectomía y tumorectomizadas. Se caracterizaron las variables con base en las provas: sub-escala de Auto-Actualização-SentidoVida, Escala de Optimismo, Body Image Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale y Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Sentido de vida y optimismo se correlacionaron positivamente con la satisfacción con la vida. Mayor depresión y disturbio de la imagen corporal expresaron una menor satisfacción con la vida. El disturbio de la imagen corporal fue superior en mujeres sometidas a mastectomía. Se ha concluido que las mujeres tumorectomizadas no están más satisfechas con la vida que las mujeres sometidas a mastectomía, requiriendo la miesma atención cuanto a la prevención de la depresión y a la promoción de las variables positivas.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama , Depressão , Imagem CorporalRESUMO
Environmental contaminants known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) have been associated with adverse effects on reproductive processes. These chemicals may mimic or antagonize endogenous hormones, disrupting reproductive functions. Although preliminary studies focused on environmental estrogens, the presence of compounds with androgenic activity has also been described. This study examines exposure of female pregnant and lactating rats to low doses of androgens and assesses potential effects on female offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to testosterone propionate (TP) at doses of 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg or corn oil (vehicle), subcutaneously, to determine influence on reproductive health of female offspring. There were two exposure groups: (1) rats treated from gestational day (GD) 12 until GD 20; and (2) animals treated from GD 12 until the end of lactation. Perinatal exposure to TP produced increased anogenital distance after birth and diminished height of uterine glandular epithelium at puberty in animals exposed to 0.2 mg/kg. However, these alterations were not sufficient to impair sexual differentiation and normal physiology of the female rat reproductive tract.