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Background: Patients with cancer frequently exhibit alterations in serum lipid profiles associated with chemotherapy. It has been reported that lipid distribution in cancer correlates with tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of serum lipid biomarkers in cancer survivors remains a subject of debate. We aim to explore the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) and the prognosis of cancer survivors. Methods: In this study, we analyzed cancer survivor data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2000 to 2017-2018. The study included prospective cohorts that included total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as well as mortality data. Weighted multivariate cox regression models, competing risk models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to investigate the association between NHHR and cancer survival. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. Results: This study involved 4,177 participants, representing about 19.6 million U.S. adults. After adjustment for various factors, the lower NHHR group (≤1.64) had a 31% (HR 1.31; 95% CI [1.11,1.54], p = 0.001) higher risk of death from any cause compared to the higher NHHR group. The link between NHHR and mortality remained stable across most subgroups, with notable interactions for smoking (p = 0.006) and diabetes status (p = 0.046). A J-shaped pattern was observed between NHHR and all-cause mortality, significantly among obesity-related cancer survivors (overall association test p-value = 0.0068, non-linear association test p-value = 0.0016). However, a non-significant negative correlation was observed for cancer-specific mortality (overall association test p-value = 0.48, non-linear association test p-value = 0.66). Considering the competitive risk of heart disease and cancer-specific mortality, there is no difference between the high and low NHHR groups, while the low NHHR group showed an increased risk of non-specific causes of death (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that NHHR is an important indicator that is strongly associated with all-cause mortality in cancer survivors, and that this relationship may be influenced by the interaction of diabetes and smoking status. This finding may provide important information for future research and patient management.

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Owing to differences in dietary preferences between men and women, the associations between dietary intake frequency and metabolic parameters may differ between the sexes. A retrospective observational study of the checkup findings of 3147 Japanese individuals (968 men, 2179 women) aged 20-59 years was conducted to examine differences in dietary habits and associations between food frequency and blood parameters (eGFR, HbA1c, uric acid, and lipids) by sex and age. Males were more likely to consume meat, fish, soft drinks, and alcohol, whereas women were more likely to consume soybeans, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and snacks. Multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age and BMI revealed that meat intake frequency was positively associated with HbA1c (ß = 0.007, p = 0.03) and negatively associated with eGFR (ß = -0.3, p = 0.01) only in males, whereas fish intake frequency was positively associated with eGFR (ß = 0.4, p = 0.005) only in females. Egg and soy intake frequencies were positively and negatively associated with non-HDL-C (egg: ß = 0.6, p = 0.02; soy: ß = -0.3, p = 0.03) only in females. Alcohol consumption frequency was associated with uric acid (M: ß = 0.06, p < 0.001; F: ß = 0.06, p < 0.001) and HDL-C (M: ß = 1.0, p < 0.001; F: ß = 1.3, p < 0.001) in both sexes. Future research is needed to determine whether varying the emphasis of dietary guidance by sex and age group is effective, since the effects of dietary preferences on metabolic parameters vary by age and sex.

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AIM: We aimed to assess the association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis (sICAS), as well as the impact of non-HDL-C on recurrent vascular events in patients with mild ischemic stroke ( NIHSS score ≤ 5). METHODS: This prospective study was based on data from patients presenting within 72 hours of stroke occurrence. We included patients admitted to 8 Chinese hospitals between September 2019 and November 2021. The associations of non-HDL-C with sICAS and recurrent vascular risk were assessed using multivariate regression models and a restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS: Among the 2,544 patients analyzed at 12 months, 652 (25.6%) were diagnosed with sICAS. Elevated non-HDL-C was linked to a higher incidence of sICAS, and the adjusted odd ratios for quintile variables and continuous variables were 1.36 ([95% CI, 1.01-1.81]) and 1.14 ([95% CI, 1.04-1.24). In comparison to those in the first quintile, the adjusted hazard ratio of the fifth quintile of non-HDL-C was 1.19 ([95% CI 0.78-1.80]) for recurrent ischemic stroke and was 0.39 ([95% CI, 0.17-0.91]) for intracranialhemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The non-HDL-C level may be a useful predictor of sICAS. Higher non-HDL-C levels may be associated with a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage in mild, noncardiogenic stroke, but not a higher risk of recurrent ischemic stroke.

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BACKGROUND: A persistent redox state and excessive reactive species involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism lead to oxidative damage in the liver, however, how fasting plasma concentrations of lipids and glucose are associated with fasting blood levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) remains to be evaluated in large-scale population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 182,971 residents aged 18 to 92 years; multidimensional stratified analyses including quantile linear regression analysis and sex stratification were adopted to improve the quality of the evidence. RESULTS: The associations between the concentrations of non-HDL-C and triglyceride and ALT levels were positive, stronger in males in each quantile of ALT levels and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 3.610 and 5.678 in males and 2.977 and 5.165 in females, respectively. The associations between the HDL-C concentrations and ALT levels were negative, also stronger in males in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of -7.839 in females and - 5.797 in males. The associations between glucose concentrations and ALT levels were positive, but stronger in females in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 1.736 in males and 2.177 in females, respectively. Similar pattern consist of relatively weaker coefficients and slops were observed between concentrations of non-HDL-C, triglyceride and glucose and AST levels. The associations between albumin concentration and concentrations of blood lipids and glucose were relatively steady across all quantiles. CONCLUSIONS: The dose dependent effect between blood concentrations of lipids and glucose and liver function changes suggests that excessive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may cause subclinical liver damage. Long term sustained primary and secondary inflammatory factors produced in the liver might be transmitted to adjacent organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs, to cause and/or exacerbate pathological changes in these visceral organs.

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Objectives: The relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and hypertension remains uncertain, warranting further investigation. This study aims to elucidate the association between NHHR and hypertension. Methods: A comprehensive cross-sectional stratified survey involving 30,602 participants aged 20 years and older was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset from 2001 to 2018. NHHR was calculated as [total cholesterol (TC) - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)]/HDL-C. The relationship between NHHR and hypertension was examined using weighted multiple linear regression, smooth curve fitting, hierarchical analysis, and interaction testing. Results: The mean age of participants was 49.82 ± 17.64 years, with 15,266 women included. The average NHHR was 2.94 ± 0.56. A positive correlation between NHHR and hypertension was observed. Stratification of NHHR into quartiles, in the fully adjusted Model 3, revealed that individuals in the highest NHHR quartile had a 60% increased risk of hypertension for each unit increase in NHHR compared to those in the lowest quartile. Interaction tests indicated that the relationship between NHHR and hypertension remained consistent across subgroups, except for gender, age, education, and smoking status, which influenced this association. Conclusion: Analysis of NHANES data from 2001 to 2018 demonstrated a consistent positive association between NHHR and hypertension. NHHR may provide potential assistance in hypertension prevention and diagnosis.

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BACKGROUND: This study examines the association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and urinary stones in American adults. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data set. The prevalence of urinary stones was determined based on patient-reported experiences of renal colic. We converted NHHR to natural logarithm (ln-NHHR) to align it better with our statistical analyses. Our analysis methods included weighted multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive model (GAM), and application of smoothed curves to better elucidate the association between ln-NHHR and the prevalence of urinary stones. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses and employed multiple imputation for sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: This study involved a total of 30,903 participants, with a 9.97% prevalence of urinary stones and reported colic experience. Elevated ln-NHHR levels were linked with a higher likelihood of urinary stones (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35). Smooth curve fitting revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship, pinpointing a significant increase in urinary stone risk at ln-NHHR levels below 1.43 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.19-1.64, p < 0.001). Notably, this correlation was stronger among Non-Hispanic Whites and those married or living with a partner. Multiple imputation analyses strengthened the confidence in our results. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a reverse U-shaped association between urinary stone occurrence and NHHR level, with a positive association at ln-NHHR < 1.43. This correlation was more pronounced in the Non-Hispanic White population and among those married or living with a partner.

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Background: Coronary slow flow (CSF) is a microvascular disease characterized by delayed opacification of the epicardial coronary arteries during angiography. The main pathogenesis of CSF is endothelial dysfunction caused by diffuse atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia is one of the primary factors raising the risk of atherosclerosis. Compared to conventional lipid profiles, non-traditional lipid profiles more accurately reflect dyslipidemic status. In this work, we compared the non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)/HDL-C ratio (NHHR) with other conventional and non-conventional lipid profiles in order to determine its impact on CSF. Methods: A total of 9112 subjects who underwent coronary angiography were screened retrospectively, of whom 130 subjects with CSF and 130 subjects with normal CF were included. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of CSF. Additionally, in order to predict CSF, the diagnostic accuracies of NHHR and other non-traditional lipid profiles were examined. Results: There were significantly higher non-traditional lipid profiles in the CSF group (all p < 0.001). Compared to other non-traditional lipid profiles, NHHR had a stronger association with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (r = 0.3593, p < 0.0001). In addition to NHHR, non-HDL-C, Castelli's risk index-II, atherogenic index of plasma, plasma glucose, dyslipidemia, smoking, and body mass index were identified as independent predictors of CSF. The ability of NHHR to detect CSF was superior to other non-traditional lipid profiles (area under the curve: 0.785; confidence interval: 0.730-0.840; p < 0.001). Conclusions: NHHR was found to be a potent and reliable predictor of CSF. This indicates that NHHR can be used as a reliable biomarker for risk stratification of CSF.

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PURPOSE: The ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (NHHR) is a novel comprehensive lipid index. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the NHHR and the prevalence of hyperuricaemia (HUA) in the adult population of the U.S. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2018). HUA was defined as a serum uric acid (SUA) concentration ≥ 7 mg/dL in men and ≥ 6 mg/dL in women. Multivariate logistic regression models and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method were applied to examine the relationship between the NHHR and the risk of developing HUA. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of HUA increased with increasing NHHR values (9.01% vs. 13.38% vs. 17.31% vs. 25.79%, P < 0.001). The NHHR was independently correlated with the risk of developing HUA (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the risk of developing HUA was significantly greater among individuals with the highest NHHR quartile than among those with the lowest NHHR quartile (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.62-2.33; P < 0.001). This relationship was consistent across subgroups. According to the RCS analysis, an inverted U-shaped relationship existed between the NHHR and the risk of developing HUA. CONCLUSIONS: The NHHR was closely associated with an increased risk of developing HUA. Further studies on the NHHR could be beneficial for preventing and treating HUA.

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BACKGROUND: The relationship between blood lipids and cognitive function has long been a subject of interest, and the association between serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and cognitive impairment remains contentious. METHODS: We utilized data from the 2011 CHARLS national baseline survey, which after screening, included a final sample of 10,982 participants. Cognitive function was assessed using tests of episodic memory and cognitive intactness. We used multiple logistic regression models to estimate the relationship between non-HDL-C and cognitive impairment. Subsequently, utilizing regression analysis results from fully adjusted models, we explored the nonlinear relationship between non-HDL-C as well as cognitive impairment using smooth curve fitting and sought potential inflection points through saturation threshold effect analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that each unit increase in non-HDL-C levels was associated with a 5.5% reduction in the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.897-0.996; p < 0.05). When non-HDL-C was used as a categorical variable, the results showed that or each unit increase in non-HDL-C levels, the odds of cognitive impairment were reduced by 14.2%, 20.9%, and 24% in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively, compared with Q1. In addition, in the fully adjusted model, analysis of the potential nonlinear relationship by smoothed curve fitting and saturation threshold effects revealed a U-shaped relationship between non-HDL-C and the risk of cognitive impairment, with an inflection point of 4.83. Before the inflection point, each unit increase in non-HDL-C levels was associated with a 12.3% decrease in the odds of cognitive impairment. After the tipping point, each unit increase in non-HDL-C levels was associated with an 18.8% increase in the odds of cognitive impairment (All p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There exists a U-shaped relationship between non-HDL-C and the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals, with statistical significance on both sides of the turning points. This suggests that both lower and higher levels of serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase the risk of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite growing evidence that apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the most accurate marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, its adoption in clinical practice has been low. This investigation sought to determine whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides are sufficient for routine cardiovascular care. METHODS: A sample of 293 876 UK Biobank adults (age: 40-73 years, 42% men), free of cardiovascular disease, with a median follow-up for new-onset ASCVD of 11 years was included. Distribution of apoB at pre-specified levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides was examined graphically, and 10-year ASCVD event rates were compared for high vs. low apoB. Residuals of apoB were constructed after regressing apoB on LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and log-transformed triglycerides and used as predictors in a proportional hazards regression model for new-onset ASCVD adjusted for standard risk factors, including HDL-C. RESULTS: ApoB was highly correlated with LDL-C and non-HDL-C (Pearson's r = .96, P < .001 for both) but less so with log triglycerides (r = .42, P < .001). However, apoB ranges necessary to capture 95% of all observations at pre-specified levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, or triglycerides were wide, spanning 85.8-108.8 md/dL when LDL-C 130 mg/dL, 88.3-112.4 mg/dL when non-HDL-C 160 mg/dL, and 67.8-147.4 md/dL when triglycerides 115 mg/dL. At these levels (±10 mg/dL), 10-year ASCVD rates for apoB above mean + 1 SD vs. below mean - 1 SD were 7.3 vs. 4.0 for LDL-C, 6.4 vs. 4.6 for non-HDL-C, and 7.0 vs. 4.6 for triglycerides (all P < .001). With 19 982 new-onset ASCVD events on follow-up, in the adjusted model, residual apoB remained statistically significant after accounting for LDL-C and HDL-C (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.07), after accounting for non-HDL-C and HDL-C (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.06), and after accounting for triglycerides and HDL-C (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.15). None of the residuals of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, or of log triglycerides remained significant when apoB was included in the model. CONCLUSIONS: High variability of apoB at individual levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides coupled with meaningful differences in 10-year ASCVD rates and significant residual information contained in apoB for prediction of new-onset ASCVD events demonstrate that LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides are not adequate proxies for apoB in clinical care.

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Lipid disorders are the most common (even 70%) and worst monitored cardiovascular risk factor (only 1/4 of patients in Poland and in CEE countries are on the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal). To improve this, clear and simple diagnostic criteria should be introduced for all components of the lipid profile. These are the updated guidelines of the two main scientific societies in Poland in the area - the Polish Society of Laboratory Diagnostics (PSLD) and the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA), which, in comparison to those from 2020, introduce few important changes in recommendations (two main lipid targets, new recommendations on LDL-C measurements, calculations new goals for triglycerides, new recommendations on remnants and small dense LDL) that should help the practitioners to be early with the diagnosis of lipid disorders and in the effective monitoring (after therapy initiation), and in the consequence to avoid the first and recurrent cardiovascular events.

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Background: In general, the identification of cholesterol-depleted lipid particles can be inferred from non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) concentration to apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentration ratio, which serves as a reliable indicator for assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the ability of non-HDL-C/apoB ratio to predict the risk of long-term mortality among the general population remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to explore the association of non-HDL-C/apoB ratio with long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults of the United States. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was a further analysis of existing information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In the ultimate analysis, 12,697 participants from 2005 to 2014 were included. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and the log-rank test were applied to visualize survival differences between groups. Multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to evaluate the association of non-HDL-C/apoB ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Subgroup analysis was conducted for the variables of age, sex, presence of coronary artery disease, diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia and usage of lipid-lowering drugs. Results: The average age of the cohort was 46.8 ± 18.6 years, with 6215 (48.9%) participants being male. During a median follow-up lasting 68.0 months, 891 (7.0%) deaths were documented and 156 (1.2%) patients died of cardiovascular disease. Individuals who experienced all-cause and cardiovascular deaths had a lower non-HDL-C/apoB ratio compared with those without events (1.45 ± 0.16 vs. 1.50 ± 0.17 and 1.43 ± 0.17 vs. 1.50 ± 0.17, both P values < 0.001). The results of adjusted Cox regression models revealed that non-HDL-C/apoB ratio exhibited independent significance as a risk factor for both long-term all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.80] and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.90). Additionally, a significant sex interaction was discovered (P for interaction <0.05), indicating a robust association between non-HDL-C/apoB ratio and long-term mortality among females. The RCS curve showed that non-HDL-C/apoB ratio had a negative linear association with long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (P for non-linearity was 0.098 and 0.314). Conclusions: The non-HDL-C/apoB ratio may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting long-term mortality among the general population, independent of traditional risk factors.

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PURPOSE: Dairy foods are often a major contributor to dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake. However, different SFA-rich foods may not have the same effects on cardiovascular risk factors. We compared full-fat yogurt with low-fat yogurt and butter for their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals. METHODS: Randomized, two-period crossover trial conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 among 30 healthy men and women (15 to receive full-fat yogurt first, and 15 to receive low-fat yogurt and butter first). Participants consumed a diet with 1.5-2 servings of full-fat (4%) yogurt or low-fat (< 1.5) yogurt and 10-15 g of butter per day for 4 weeks, with 4 weeks wash-out when they consumed 1.5-2 servings of low-fat milk. At baseline, and the end of each 4 weeks, fasting blood samples were drawn and plasma lipids, glycemic and inflammatory markers as well as expression of some genes in the blood buffy coats fraction were determined. RESULTS: All 30 participants completed the two periods of the study. Apolipoprotein B was higher for the low-fat yogurt and butter [changes from baseline, + 10.06 (95%CI 4.64 to 15.47)] compared with the full-fat yogurt [-4.27 (95%CI, -11.78 to 3.23)] and the difference between two treatment periods was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Non-high-density lipoprotein increased for the low-fat yogurt and butter [change, + 5.06 (95%CI (-1.56 to 11.69) compared with the full-fat yogurt [change, - 4.90 (95%CI, -11.61 to 1.81), with no significant difference between two periods (p = 0.056). There were no between-period differences in other plasma lipid, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers or leukocyte gene expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 and CD36. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that short-term intake of SFAs from full-fat yogurt compared to intake from butter and low-fat yogurt has fewer adverse effects on plasma lipid profile. CLINICALTRIALS: GOV: NCT05589350, 10/15/2022.

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BACKGROUND: The ratio of nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been shown associated with various metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis in primary prevention. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and progression of nonculprit coronary lesion (NCCL) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). HYPOTHESIS: Our study aimed to investigate the potential association between the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and NCCL progression in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing PCI. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of ACS patients who underwent coronary angiography twice at a single center from 2016 to 2022. Lipid measurements, demographic, clinical, and other laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. NCCLs were evaluated using quantitative coronary angiography. The primary outcome was the progression of NCCL. Patients were categorized based on NCCL progression and tertiles of the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study included 329 ACS patients who underwent PCI, with a median follow-up angiography of 1.09 years. We found NCCL progression in 95 (28.9%) patients with acceptable low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control (median: 1.81 mmol/L). Patients in the top tertile of the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio had a higher risk of NCCL progression. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio remained a significant predictor for NCCL progression (adjusted odds ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.86; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio predicts NCCL progression in ACS patients following PCI, providing a valuable tool for risk assessment and enhancing secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

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The condition of being underweight is a social problem in Japan among women. However, there is a lack of evidence for dietary guidance for underweight women because there has been no comparison of lipids or HbA1c among underweight, normal weight, and overweight women in different age groups. We analyzed the effect of body size and age on the serum lipid and hemoglobin A1c levels in Japanese women in a cross-sectional study. A total of 26,118 women aged >20-65 years underwent physical examinations between 2012 and 2022. Seventeen percent of women aged >20-29 years were underweight, and 8% of those aged 50-65 years were underweight. Total cholesterol and non-HDL-C concentrations increased with age, but the difference between underweight and overweight individuals was lowest among women aged 50-65 years. On the other hand, the differences in HDL-C, TG, and HbA1c levels between underweight and overweight subjects were greatest in the 50-65 age group, but the differences between underweight and normal weight subjects were much smaller. Considering that, unlike HDL-C, TG, and HbA1c, TC and non-HDL-C increase to levels comparable to overweight levels in underweight women in aged 50-65 years, educating people about a diet that lowers non-HDL-C is necessary even in young underweight women.

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BACKGROUND: No-reflow (NR) is the inability to achieve adequate myocardial perfusion despite successful restoration of attegrade blood flow in the infarct-related artery after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio has been shown to be superior to conventional lipid markers in predicting most cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we wanted to reveal the predictive value of the NR by comparing the Non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio with traditional and non-traditional lipid markers in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) due to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: A total of 1284 consecutive patients who underwent pPCI for STEMI were included in this study. Traditional lipid profiles were detected and non-traditional lipid indices were calculated. Patients were classified as groups with and without NR and compared in terms of lipid profiles. RESULTS: No-reflow was seen in 18.8% of the patients. SYNTAX score, maximal stent length, high thrombus burden, atherogenic index of plasma and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio were determined as independent predictors for NR (p < 0.05, for all). The non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio predicts the development of NR in STEMI patients with 71% sensitivity and 67% specificity at the best cut-off value. In ROC curve analysis, the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio was superior to traditional and non-traditional lipid markers in predicting NR (p < 0.05, for all). CONCLUSION: The non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio can be a strong and independent predictor of NR in STEMI patients and and therefore non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio may be a useful lipid-based biomarker that can be used in clinical practice to improve the accuracy of risk assessment in patients with STEMI.

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Objectives:To investigate the impact of baseline non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels on new-onset cardiovascular disease(CVD)in postmenopausal women. Methods:This prospective cohort study selected 8 893 postmenopausal women who participated from 2006 to 2018 employee health examination of Kailuan Group and had complete total cholesterol(TC)and HDL-C data and no history of CVD.Participants were followed up to 31 December,2021.The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CVD or death.According to the Chinese Lipid Management Guidelines(2023),the participants were divided into non-HDL-C<4.1 mmol/L group(n=6 079),4.1 mmol/L≤non-HDL-C<4.9 mmol/L group(n=1 824)and non-HDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L group(n=990).The cumulative incidence of CVD in different groups of non-HDL-C levels was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by log-rank analysis.Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the effects of different non-HDL-C levels on CVD. Results:The mean follow-up time was(10.78±4.48)years,the cumulative incidence of CVD in different non-HDL-C level groups was 1.82%,3.24%and 2.89%,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a statistically significant difference in cumulative incidence among the three groups(log-rank P<0.0001).The results of Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as age and sex,the HR(95%CI)values for CVD in the 4.1≤non-HDL-C<4.9 mmol/L group and the non-HDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L group were 1.40(1.13-1.74)and 1.35(1.03-1.78),respectively. Conclusions:High non-HDL-C levels are an independent risk factor for new-onset CVD in postmenopausal women.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fasting easing on laboratory measurements of the lipid profile, in order to contribute to the fidelity of interpretation of laboratory results. Starting in October 2022, a Systematic Literature Review (SRL) was carried out, using articles indexed in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS and Cochrane Library, following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Group (PRISMA). This RSL was registered with PROSPERO, under registration number CRD42022370007. For inclusion, articles had to be original and developed in humans. After evaluating the methodological quality and analyzing the risk of bias, we obtained 16 articles published between 1994 and 2021, providing data on a total of 398,709 individuals, aged between 3 and 93 years. According to the selected studies, lipid profile measurements performed with flexible fasting, in addition to bringing benefits to patients and the pre-analytical system of the clinical laboratory, are more suitable for determining cardiovascular risk, mainly through the assessment of values obtained in the determination of triglycerides. It is therefore concluded that the optional use of fasting must be established through medical advice. In addition, laboratory methods and readings must be readjusted to this reality, informing through the report the parameters related to the lipid profile with and without the use of a 12-hour fast.

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BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) can result in high mortality upon rupture but are usually undiagnosed because of the absence of symptoms in the early stage. Ultrasound screening is regarded as an impactful way to prevent the AAA-related death but cannot be performed efficiently; therefore, a target population, especially in Asia, for this procedure is lacking. Additionally, although dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis are associated with AAA. However, it remains undetermined whether the non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is associated with AAA. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining whether NHHR is associated with AAA. METHOD: A total of 9559 participants who underwent AAA screening at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and through screening in two communities in Dongguan, from June 2019 to June 2021 joined in this screening program. The diagnosis of AAA was confirmed by the ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta rather than any known or suspected AAA. Clinical and laboratory data of participants were collected. The participants were separated into a normal group and an AAA group according to the abdominal aortic status. To eliminate confounding factors, a propensity score matching (PSM) approach was utilized. The independent relationship between NHHR and AAA was assessed through the utilization of multivariable logistic regression analysis. In addition, internal consistency was evaluated through subgroup analysis, which controlled for significant risk factors. RESULTS: Of all the participants, 219 (2.29%) participants were diagnosed with AAA. A significant elevation in NHHR was identified in the AAA group when contrasted with that in the normal group (P < 0.001). As demonstrated by the results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis, AAA was independently associated with NHHR before (odds ratio [OR], 1.440, P < 0.001) and after PSM (OR, 1.515, P < 0.001). Significant extension was observed in the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of NHHR compared to those of single lipid parameters before and after PSM. An accordant association between NHHR and AAA in different subgroups was demonstrated by subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION: In the Chinese population, there is an independent association between NHHR and AAA. NHHR might be propitious to distinguish individuals with high risk of AAA.

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Objectives: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) has attracted attention because it is associated with a variety of diseases and is easy to measure. However, the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression is still unclear. Our aim was to assess the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression using the cross-sectional NHANES survey from 2005 to 2018. Methods: We examined the association between non-HDL-C and depression using weighted multivariable logistic regression models and subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results. Results: There were 42,143 participants in this study and 8.6% had depression (weighted 7.53%). Non-HDL-C was higher in participants with depression compared to those without depression (weighted mean 3.64 vs. 3.73, p < 0.01). There was a positive association between non-HDL-C and depression with a 95% OR of 1.22 adjusted for multifactorial (95% CI,1.03-1.45). In subgroup analyses, non-HDL-C was positively associated with depression in men (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01-1.70), normal BMI (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.66-1.32) and in participants without hypertension (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.66). Conclusion: Non-HDL-C positively correlated with depression, and further research may be better for clinical service.