Discordance among apoB, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides: implications for cardiovascular prevention.
Eur Heart J
; 45(27): 2410-2418, 2024 Jul 12.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38700053
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Despite growing evidence that apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the most accurate marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, its adoption in clinical practice has been low. This investigation sought to determine whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides are sufficient for routine cardiovascular care.METHODS:
A sample of 293 876 UK Biobank adults (age 40-73 years, 42% men), free of cardiovascular disease, with a median follow-up for new-onset ASCVD of 11 years was included. Distribution of apoB at pre-specified levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides was examined graphically, and 10-year ASCVD event rates were compared for high vs. low apoB. Residuals of apoB were constructed after regressing apoB on LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and log-transformed triglycerides and used as predictors in a proportional hazards regression model for new-onset ASCVD adjusted for standard risk factors, including HDL-C.RESULTS:
ApoB was highly correlated with LDL-C and non-HDL-C (Pearson's r = .96, P < .001 for both) but less so with log triglycerides (r = .42, P < .001). However, apoB ranges necessary to capture 95% of all observations at pre-specified levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, or triglycerides were wide, spanning 85.8-108.8â md/dL when LDL-C 130â mg/dL, 88.3-112.4â mg/dL when non-HDL-C 160â mg/dL, and 67.8-147.4â md/dL when triglycerides 115â mg/dL. At these levels (±10â mg/dL), 10-year ASCVD rates for apoB above mean + 1 SD vs. below mean - 1 SD were 7.3 vs. 4.0 for LDL-C, 6.4 vs. 4.6 for non-HDL-C, and 7.0 vs. 4.6 for triglycerides (all P < .001). With 19 982 new-onset ASCVD events on follow-up, in the adjusted model, residual apoB remained statistically significant after accounting for LDL-C and HDL-C (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.07), after accounting for non-HDL-C and HDL-C (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.06), and after accounting for triglycerides and HDL-C (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.15). None of the residuals of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, or of log triglycerides remained significant when apoB was included in the model.CONCLUSIONS:
High variability of apoB at individual levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides coupled with meaningful differences in 10-year ASCVD rates and significant residual information contained in apoB for prediction of new-onset ASCVD events demonstrate that LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides are not adequate proxies for apoB in clinical care.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Apolipoproteínas B
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Triglicéridos
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Biomarcadores
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LDL-Colesterol
Límite:
Adult
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Aged
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Eur Heart J
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Canadá
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido