RESUMO
Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) is a group of peptides with low molecular weight (3-6 KDa) that can be obtained by enzymatic action in acid or alkaline media at a specific incubation temperature. HC can be extracted from different sources such as bovine or porcine. These sources have presented health limitations in the last years. Recently research has shown good properties of the HC found in skin, scale, and bones from marine sources. Type and source of extraction are the main factors that affect HC properties, such as molecular weight of the peptide chain, solubility, and functional activity. HC is widely used in several industries including food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biomedical, and leather industries. The present review presents the different types of HC, sources of extraction, and their applications as a biomaterial.
Assuntos
Colágeno , Hidrolisados de Proteína , Animais , Colágeno/química , Colágeno/isolamento & purificação , Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Protein hydrolysates from food plants, such as legumes, have emerged as a new alternative to treat hyperglycemia, an important risk factor contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. The aim of this work was to assess the antihyperglycemic activity and inhibition of α-glucosidase, and intestinal glucose absorption, and acute toxicity of total hydrolysates and < 1 kDa fractions from Phaseolus lunatus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., and Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., obtained by hydrolysis with Alcalase®-Flavourzyme® or pepsine-pancreatin enzymatic systems. RESULTS: In vivo results showed that three of six total hydrolysates and four of six < 1 kDa fractions suppressed starch-induced postprandial hyperglycemia (ED50 range between 1.4 and 93 mg kg-1 ). In vitro, total hydrolysates and fractions, particularly from M. pruriens, inhibited carbohydrate intestinal absorption (from 19.2 to 40%), and α-glucosidase activity (IC50 from 0.86 to 75 mg mL-1 ). Finally, none of the hydrolysates and fractions tested did not show any signs of toxicity (LD50 > 5000 mg kg-1 ). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that hydrolysates and < 1 kDa fractions from P. lunatus, P. vulgaris and M. pruriens are suitable candidates to treat or prevent T2DM. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Glucose/metabolismo , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/administração & dosagem , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Mucuna/química , Phaseolus/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administração & dosagem , Animais , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/enzimologia , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ultrafiltração , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
Hydrolysates of food protein sources have immunomodulatory effects, which are of interest for use as functional foods. In this study, we have characterized the immune regulatory effect on rat splenocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes of Ulva spp. hydrolysates and their peptide fractions with or without in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and/or ultrafiltration. IL-10 was induced in almost all conditions and cell types obtained from wild type animals. The induction was in general increased by ultrafiltration and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. TNF was also induced in basal conditions. In turn, TNF and IFN-γ production was attenuated by the hydrolysate products in lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A immune stimulated cells. Inhibitors for the activation of NFκB, MAPK p38 and JNK inhibited IL-10 induction in rat splenocytes. The response was dramatically attenuated in TLR4-/- cells, and only modestly in TLR2-/- cells. Food peptides from Ulva spp. genus exert anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells mediated by TLR4 and NFκB. Similarity with the immunomodulatory profile of protein hydrolysates from other sources suggests a common mechanism.
Assuntos
Citocinas/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Ulva/química , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Cultura Primária de Células , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Baço/citologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
In previous studies, it has not been reported that protein isolated from chia interferes favorably with antibacterial activity, and reduces cholesterol synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether commonly used commercial microbial proteases can be utilized to generate chia protein-based antibacterial and hypocholesterolemic hydrolysates/peptides, considering the effects of protein extraction method. Alcalase, Flavourzyme and sequential Alcalase-Flavourzyme were used to produce hydrolysates from chia protein (CF), protein-rich fraction (PRF) and chia protein concentrates (CPC1 and CPC2). These hydrolysates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) microorganisms. The protein hydrolysates were purified by ultrafiltration through a membrane with 3 kDa nominal molecular weight, for evaluation of hypocholesterolemic activity. An inhibition zone was observed when the hydrolysate was tested against S. aureus, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were obtained. Peptides from chia protein with molecular mass lower than 3 kDa reduced up to 80.7% of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) enzymatic reaction velocity. It was also observed that, independent of the method used to obtain chia proteins, the fractions showed relevant bioactivity. Moreover, the intensity of the bioactivity varied with the method for obtaining the protein and with the enzyme used in the hydrolysis process. This is the first report to demonstrate that chia peptides are able to inhibit cholesterol homeostasis.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Salvia/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/análise , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Anticolesterolemiantes/análise , Anticolesterolemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Colesterol , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Peso Molecular , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Peptídeos/análise , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/análise , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Subtilisinas/metabolismoRESUMO
In recent years, food proteins with bioactivity have been studied for cancer treatment. Zein peptides have shown an important set of bioactivities. This work compares the cytotoxic activity of zein hydrolyzed, extracted from four Zea species: teosinte, native, hybrid, and transgenic (Teo, Nat, Hyb, and HT) in a hepatic cell culture. Zein fraction was extracted, quantified, and hydrolyzed. Antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity assays were performed on HepG2 cells. The levels of expression of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were evaluated in zein-treated cell cultures. Zea parviglumis showed the highest zein content (46.0 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (673.40 TE/g) out of all native zeins. Peptides from Hyb and HT showed high antioxidant activity compared to their native counterparts (1055.45 and 724.32 TE/g, respectively). Cytotoxic activity was observed in the cell culture using peptides of the four Zea species; Teo and Nat (IC50: 1781.63 and 1546.23 ng/mL) had no significant difference between them but showed more cytotoxic activity than Hyb and HT (IC50: 1252.25 and 1155.56 ng/mL). Increased expression of caspase 3 was observed in the peptide-treated HepG2 cells (at least two-fold more with respect to the control sample). These data indicate the potential for zein peptides to prevent or treat cancer, possibly by apoptosis induction.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Zeína/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Caspase 3/genética , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspase 8/genética , Caspase 8/metabolismo , Caspase 9/genética , Caspase 9/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Zea mays/química , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/metabolismo , Zeína/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This study aims to investigate whether the egg white hydrolysate (EWH) acts on the neuropathic disorders associated with long-term Mercury (Hg) exposure in rats. 8- week-old male Wistar rats were treated for 60 days with: a) Control - saline solution (i.m.); b) Mercury - HgCl2 (1st dose 4.6µg/kg, subsequent doses 0.07µg/kg/day, i.m.); c) Hydrolysate - EWH (1g/kg/day, gavage); d) Mercury and Hydrolysate. Mechanical allodynia was assessed using Von Frey Hairs test; heat hyperalgesia by the plantar test; catalepsy by a modification of the "ring test" and spontaneous locomotor activity by a photocell activity chambers. Analyses were performed at 0, 30 and 60 days of treatment. Brain and plasma MDA, plasma NPSH and TNF-α determination and skin immunohistochemistry were performed at 60 days. Hg induced a reduction in mechanical sensitivity threshold at 30 and 60 days and in thermal sensitivity threshold at 60 days. At the end of treatment catalepsy was developed, but there was not significant alteration in spontaneous locomotor activity. Hg also increased brain and plasma MDA, plasma NPSH and TNF-α levels and the number of Merkel cell-neurite complex in the skin. EWH prevented the development of mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and catalepsy induced by Hg and the increase in MDA concentration in brain and plasma and in the number of Merkel cell-neurite complex in the skin. In conclusion, EWH promotes neuroprotection against the toxic effects caused by Hg, demonstrating a beneficial therapeutic potential.
Assuntos
Mercúrio/toxicidade , Neuroproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/complicações , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administração & dosagem , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Catalepsia/induzido quimicamente , Catalepsia/etiologia , Catalepsia/prevenção & controle , Clara de Ovo/química , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/etiologia , Hiperalgesia/prevenção & controle , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Células de Merkel/metabolismo , Neuritos/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Jatropha curcas L. protein hydrolysates were produced by treatment of a non-toxic genotype with Alcalase as well as the digestive enzymes pepsin and pancreatin. The J. curcas protein hydrolysate produced with the pepsin-pancreatin system from protein isolate had the highest TEAC value and was shown to undergo single-electron transfer reactions in the ABTS(+) reduction assay, demonstrating its antioxidant capacity. Testing of antimicrobial activity in the J. curcas protein hydrolysates against seven bacterial pathogens showed no growth inhibitory effect in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. More ACE-I inhibitory active peptides were produced in the Alcalase hydrolysates obtained from J. curcas protein isolate. The protein hydrolysate obtained with Alcalase from defatted J. curcas flour as well as from the protein isolate showed the highest inhibitory effect of ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets in platelet-rich plasma. It is expected that the information collated will facilitate new applications of proteins present in Jatropha plant.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farinha/análise , Jatropha/química , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/química , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plaquetas/fisiologia , Gorduras/química , Humanos , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/análise , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/química , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Bean protein isolate and phaseolin were hydrolysed using pepsin and pancreatin, and the resulting hydrolysates were filtered through a 1kDa cut-off membrane and fractionated by size exclusion chromatography. Three fractions corresponding to MW 0.7-1.0kDa, 0.43-0.7kDa and <0.43kDa (A1, A2, and A3 for protein isolate fractions, and B1, B2, and B3 for phaseolin fractions) were assayed for antioxidant and metal chelating activity and they were also subjected to amino acid and SDS-PAGE analysis. Fractions A1 and B1 had the highest copper chelating activity (78% and 82%, respectively), while iron chelating activity was the highest in fractions A1 and B3 (36% and 16%, respectively). Fractions A2 and B3 had the highest antioxidant activity as determined by inhibition of reducing power and ß-carotene bleaching, while the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was found in A3 and B3. Thus, fractions coming from the isolate and phaseolin had similar activities except for iron chelation, suggesting that phaseolin is the major contributor to the antioxidant and copper chelating activities of the hydrolysed protein isolate.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Quelantes/química , Fabaceae/química , Peptídeos/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Quelantes/isolamento & purificação , Cobre/química , Hidrólise , Ferro/química , Peso Molecular , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Germination of soybeans increases the bioavailability of some nutrients. An evaluation was done to determine if germination increased the anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects of soybean. Soybeans were germinated for 0 to 6 days and protein concentrates extracted from beans germinated at each period. Soy protein concentrates can retain notable amounts of phytochemicals with anti-adipogenic activity. For this reason, it was evaluated the effect of protein hydrolysates with and without phytochemicals in the adipocyte-like cells after 3T3-L1 (murine fibroblasts) cell line differentiation. Cell viability decreased with exposure to the germinated soybean protein hydrolysates during the differentiation stage, but not during the fibroblast or mature adipocyte stages. Adipogenesis and triglycerides accumulation were strongly inhibited by the hydrolysate from soybeans germinated for 2 days (with ethanol-soluble phytochemicals), when compared to ungerminated soybean. Adipolysis increased with exposure to hydrolysates from beans germinated for 2 days (with phytochemicals) and 5 days (without phytochemicals). Germinated soy protein hydrolysates had an effect on inhibition of lipid storage in adypocites and increasing lipolysis, which was improved by changes of the protein and increased phytochemical content due to germination.
Assuntos
Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glycine max/metabolismo , Lipólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Proteínas de Soja/farmacologia , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Germinação , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , Proteínas de Soja/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Soja/metabolismo , Glycine max/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases are currently the greatest cause of mortality in the world, and dislipidemia is appearing as one of the most important risk factors. The binding of bile acids (BAs) has been hypothesized as a possible mechanism by which dietary fibers lower blood cholesterol levels. Besides the fibers, other components in the amaranth seeds may be related to this hypocholesterolemic effect. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the BA binding capacity of some products obtained from defatted amaranth flour (DAF) and from the amaranth protein concentrate (APC). The alkaline residue, rich in fibers (8.6%), presented the lowest binding activity for the BAs tested, with the exception of glycocholic acid. The DAF showed intermediary binding activity for all the BAs tested, although similar to that of the APC for deoxycholic acid, and to that of the amaranth protein hydrolysate (APH) for taurocholic acid. The DAF and APC showed binding activity for secondary bile acids toxic to the intestinal mucus. From the results, amaranth products were shown to have the ability to bind BAs, but it was not possible to affirm whether the main component responsible for this activity was the proteins, fibers or eventually some other non-evaluated component.
Assuntos
Amaranthus/química , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , Sementes/química , Fibras na Dieta , Farinha , Hidrólise , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Subtilisinas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antioxidant and chelating activities were determined in protein hydrolysates that were produced by treating a protein isolate of a non-toxic genotype of Jatropha curcas with the protease preparation alcalase. RESULTS: 50 min protein hydrolysate with a degree of hydrolysis of 31.7% showed highest antioxidant and chelating activity. These activities were also determined in six peptidic fractions that were separated by gel filtration chromatography of the 50 min hydrolysate. The lower-molecular-weight peptidic fractions had the highest antioxidant and chelating activities, which correlated with a higher content in antioxidant and chelating amino acids such as tyrosine and histidine. CONCLUSION: Results show that J. curcas represents a good source of bioactive peptides. This may be important for the revalorization of defatted J. curcas flour, a by-product resulting form oil extraction for biodiesel production. This is especially important in Third World and developing countries such as Mexico.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Quelantes/farmacologia , Jatropha/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Quelantes/isolamento & purificação , Hidrólise , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Sementes , Subtilisinas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Amaranth is a crop that can be grown in different soils and climates, being resistant to high temperatures, drought, and some pests. The amaranth plant has nutritional qualities and desirable biological properties. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to investigate the potential antitumor properties of Amaranthus-mantegazzianus-protein isolate (MPI) and to elucidate the possible mechanism of action. METHODS: We use four different tumor-derived and in vitro-transformed cell lines with different morphology and tumorigenicity (MC3T3E1, UMR106, Caco-2, and TC7). RESULTS: The MPI showed an antiproliferative effect on four cell lines with different potencies. The tumor-cell line UMR106 was the most sensitive (IC(50): 1 mg/ml). This antiproliferative effect of the MPI was enhanced by protease treatment (IC(50): 0.5 after 30% hydrolysis). In addition, the MPI produced morphological changes and caused a rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in UMR106 cell line. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action, we observed that the MPI inhibited cell adhesion and induced apoptosis and necrosis in the UMR106 cell line. In reversibility studies, we were able to observe both temporary and permanent cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on the part of the MPI, depending on its concentration. CONCLUSIONS: we report a protein isolate from the seeds of Amaranthus mantegazzianus that exhibit potential antitumor properties and propose a putative mechanism of action.
Assuntos
Amaranthus/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Transformada , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Forma Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto/ultraestrutura , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Proteínas Alimentares/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Fitoterapia , Preparações de Plantas/química , Preparações de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Preparações de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Subtilisinas/metabolismoRESUMO
A highly soluble fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) with an 80% protein (peptide size between 1.5 and 20 kDa) and a low free amino acid content was obtained from hake (Merluccius hubssi) filleting waste [Lat. Am. Appl. Res. 30 (2000) 241]. Assays with Halobacterium salinarum, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were performed in order to test that FPH as nutrient source for archaea and eubacteria culture media. Cell growth was evaluated by plate count, and by monitoring turbidity and nucleic acids content in liquid cultures. Neither cell growth nor generation times resulting from control and FPH cultures exhibited statistically significant differences at alpha: 0.05 suggesting that FPH can be used as an alternative substrate for microorganism cultural purposes.
Assuntos
Archaea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Gadiformes/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Pesqueiros , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria , Ácidos Nucleicos/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , ResíduosRESUMO
Study of some parameters of the process of hydrolysis in addition to other experiments has made it possible to develop a method for obtaining a nutrient base for the cultivation of microorganisms with the use of cattle whole blood as protein substrate and papain as a hydrolyzing agent. The product thus obtained is characterized by high levels of amino and total nitrogen (4% and 14% respectively). Biological studies with the use of this product in different culture media and observations on the growth and characteristics of many microbial strains have shown the possibility of its use for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, for the control of the quality of foodstuffs and water.
Assuntos
Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas Sanguíneas/isolamento & purificação , Meios de Cultura/isolamento & purificação , Peptonas/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Proteínas Sanguíneas/química , Bovinos , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Cuba , Meios de Cultura/química , Hidrólise , Peptonas/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/químicaRESUMO
The technology of obtaining protein hydrolysate, a by-product of butter making, has been developed. This hydrolysate has been successfully tested as protein base for the preparation of culture media used in the quality control of foodstuffs and the diagnosis of infectious diseases.