RESUMO
Gastrointestinal parasites are a significant challenge in sheep farming, and periparturient ewes are one of the most susceptible categories in sheep flocks. This study aimed to verify whether the injection of B vitamins at the acupuncture point governing vessel 14 (GV14) can influence the parasitic load or host-parasite interaction in naturally infected ewes during the peripartum period. Four weeks before parturition, 25 ewes were divided into five treatment groups: (1) Dose Control: 0.2 mL of B complex via IM; (2) Drug Control: 2 mL Complex B via IM; (3) Acupoint Control: 0.2 mL of Water at GV14 point; (4) Control; (5) Test group: 0.2 mL of B complex at the GV14 point. Treatments were performed at weeks -3, -1, 2, 4, and 6 about the parturition time. Fecal samples to estimate the parasitic load by fecal egg counts (FEC) and total blood samples for hemogram examination were performed seven days after the treatment, coinciding with weeks -2, 3, 5, and 7 about the parturition time. The number of peripheral eosinophils was higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p <0.05). Although groups 3 and 5 had lower mean values of FEC and higher hematological values at the time of weaning, these differences were not statistically significant (p> 0.05) according to the F test. However, all animals in groups 3 and 5 maintained low parasitism levels until the end of the experiment. Further studies should be performed with larger sample sizes and minor changes to the experimental protocol to elucidate the role of GV14 acupoint stimulation in the host-parasite relationship.(AU)
A parasitose gastrointestinal é o principal desafio sanitário para a criação de ovinos a pasto, e as ovelhas no periparto são uma das categorias mais susceptíveis a esta infeção no rebanho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a injeção de vitaminas do complexo B no acuponto Vaso Governador 14 (VG14) poderia influenciar a carga parasitária ou modular a interação hospedeiro-parasito em ovelhas naturalmente infectadas no período de periparto. Quatro semanas antes da data prevista para o parto, 25 ovelhas foram divididas em cinco grupos de tratamento (1) Controle da dose: 0,2 mL de vitaminas do complexo B via IM; (2) Controle do fármaco: 2mL complexo B via IM; (3) Controle do Ponto: 0,2 mL de água destilada no ponto VG14; (4) Controle sem tratamento; (5) Grupo teste: 0,2 mL de complexo B no pontoVG14. Estes tratamentos foram realizados nas semanas -3; -1; 2; 4 e 6 em relação à data do parto. Amostras de fezes para contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), assim como amostras de sangue para realizar o hemograma, foram obtidas dos animais sete dias após os tratamentos, coincidindo com as semanas -2, 3, 5 e 7 do parto. O número de eosinófilos periféricos foi superior no grupo 3 se comparado ao grupo 1 (p <0,05). Os animais dos grupos 3 e 5 tiveram menores valores de OPG e maior hematócrito, mas estas diferenças não foram consideradas significativas pelo teste F (p> 0,05). No entanto, todas as ovelhas dos grupos 3 e 5 se mantiveram com níveis baixos de parasitismo durante todo o experimento. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados com algumas modificações deste protocolo a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento do potencial imunomodulador do acuponto VG14.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ovinos/parasitologia , Terapia por Acupuntura/veterinária , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Período Periparto , GastroenteropatiasRESUMO
The impact of maceration and germination on the concentration of bioactive compounds still needs to be evaluated. The stability of B complex vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine), vitamin E (α, ß, γ, δ tocopherols and tocotrienols), xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) and flavonoids (3-deoxyanthocyanidins-3-DXAs, flavones and flavanones) was evaluated in sorghum grains subjected to maceration and germination, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Maceration and germination reduced thiamine and pyridoxine concentrations (retentions ranging from 3.8 to 50.2%). Riboflavin and Vitamin E concentrations were not affected by maceration. Germination increased riboflavin and reduced vitamin E. 3-DXAs were sensitive to maceration and germination (retentions of 69.6% and 69.9%, respectively). Flavones contents decreased with germination. Our results indicate that, after germination and/or maceration, sorghum had important nutritional and functional value. Thus, its intake, mainly in macerated forms, should be encouraged, since concentrations of riboflavin, vitamin E and flavones were not altered during this processing.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/análise , Germinação , Sorghum/química , Sorghum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Vitamina E/análise , Xantofilas/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Grão Comestível/química , Análise de AlimentosRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supra-nutritional level of selected B vitamins in different types of diet on broiler performance. Two experiments were conducted using male and female one-day-old chicks (n=288 each; initial body weights in experiment I and II was, respectively, 47.57 ± 0.43, and 47.98 ± 0.31) reared in batteries up to 18 days. In experiment I, the chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet and, in experiment II, a diet containing oxidized animal by-product meals and soybean oil was used. Both experiments followed a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of the factors: i) supplementation levels of selected B vitamins (control, 3- or 6-times control of the vitamins riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid and vitamin B12); ii) dietary nutritional density (low or high), totaling 6 treatments and 8 replicates of 6 birds each (3 males and 3 females). As result of this study, in Exp. I, chicks showed higher weight gain (741.1 g vs. 697.3 g) and feed intake (920.2 vs. 878.5 g) when fed low-nutritional density diet with supra-nutritional vitamin level 6-times higher than the control. However, this effect was not found in the performance of chickens fed high-nutritional density diet. Despite the poor quality of the ingredients used in Exp. II, no statistical effect was shown of the use of vitamin super-dose in rations with different dietary nutrient density. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved for chickens fed high-nutritional density diet (1.191 vs. 1.246 in experiment I, 1.244 vs. 1.275 in experiment II, p 0.01). We conclude that birds fed a vegetable diet formulated with low-dietary density improved body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) when receiving supra-nutritional levels of vitamins 6-times higher than the control.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Complexo Vitamínico B/biossíntese , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supra-nutritional level of selected B vitamins in different types of diet on broiler performance. Two experiments were conducted using male and female one-day-old chicks (n=288 each; initial body weights in experiment I and II was, respectively, 47.57 ± 0.43, and 47.98 ± 0.31) reared in batteries up to 18 days. In experiment I, the chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet and, in experiment II, a diet containing oxidized animal by-product meals and soybean oil was used. Both experiments followed a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of the factors: i) supplementation levels of selected B vitamins (control, 3- or 6-times control of the vitamins riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid and vitamin B12); ii) dietary nutritional density (low or high), totaling 6 treatments and 8 replicates of 6 birds each (3 males and 3 females). As result of this study, in Exp. I, chicks showed higher weight gain (741.1 g vs. 697.3 g) and feed intake (920.2 vs. 878.5 g) when fed low-nutritional density diet with supra-nutritional vitamin level 6-times higher than the control. However, this effect was not found in the performance of chickens fed high-nutritional density diet. Despite the poor quality of the ingredients used in Exp. II, no statistical effect was shown of the use of vitamin super-dose in rations with different dietary nutrient density. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved for chickens fed high-nutritional density diet (1.191 vs. 1.246 in experiment I, 1.244 vs. 1.275 in experiment II, p 0.01). We conclude that birds fed a vegetable diet formulated with low-dietary density improved body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) when receiving supra-nutritional levels of vitamins 6-times higher than the control.
Assuntos
Animais , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Complexo Vitamínico B/biossíntese , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
Folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, and betaine are nutrients involved in the 1-carbon cycle that can alter the levels of DNA methylation and influence genesis and/or tumor progression. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of folate and vitamins involved in the 1-carbon cycle and MTHFR polymorphisms in global DNA methylation in patients with colorectal cancer gene. The study included 189 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma answering a clinical evaluation questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) validated for patients with colon and rectal cancer. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of MTHFR gene polymorphisms in global DNA methylation in blood and in tumor. The values for serum folate were positively correlated with the equivalent total dietary folate (total DFE) (rho = 0.51, p = 0.03) and global DNA methylation (rho = 0.20, p = 0.03). Individuals aged over 61 years (p = 0.01) in clinicopathological staging III and IV (p = 0.01) and with + heterozygous mutated homozygous genotypes for the MTHFR A1298C gene had higher levels of global DNA methylation (p = 0.04). The association between dietary intake of folate, serum folate, and tumor stage were predictive of global DNA methylation in patients' blood. The levels of serum folate, the dietary folate and the status of DNA methylation can influence clinicopathological staging.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Metilação de DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Ácido Fólico/análise , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/sangue , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Ciclo do Carbono/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
The aim of this work was to quantify B-complex vitamins in pharmaceutical samples by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy technique using gold colloid substrate. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles was performed according to an adapted Turkevich method. Initial essays were able to suggest the orientation of molecules on gold nanoparticles surface. Central Composite design was performed to obtain the highest SERS signal for nicotinamide and riboflavin. The evaluated parameters in the experimental design were volume of AuNPs, concentration of vitamins and sodium chloride concentration. The best condition for nicotinamide was NaCl 2.3×10-3molL-1 and 700µL of AuNPs colloid and this same condition showed to be adequate to quantify thiamine. The experimental design for riboflavin shows the best condition at NaCl 1.15×10-2molL-1 and 2.8mL of AuNPs colloid. It was possible to quantify thiamine and nicotinamide in presence of others vitamins and excipients in two solid multivitamin formulations using the standard addition procedure. The standard addition curve presented a R2 higher than 0.96 for both nicotinamide and thiamine, at orders of magnitude 10-7 and 10-8molL-1, respectively. The nicotinamide content in a cosmetic gel sample was also quantified by direct analysis presenting R2 0.98. The t-student test presented no significant difference regarding HPLC method. Despite the experimental design performed for riboflavin, it was not possible its quantification in the commercial samples.
Assuntos
Composição de Medicamentos , Análise Espectral Raman , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Padrões de Referência , Propriedades de Superfície , ComprimidosRESUMO
This study has the objective of evaluating the stability of B complex vitamins and its vitamers, for a period of 1year of storage. The pollen samples were stored under room temperature (with and without light) and frozen. The vitamins were quantified by HPLC with fluorescence detection. All proposed vitamins were found in the samples and the dehydration process did not interfere in vitamin content. The variations were (dry basis): 0.59-1.09mg/100g (B(1)); 1.73-2.56 (B(2)); 6.43-15.34 (PP) and 0.33-0.68 (B(6)). After 1year of storage, it can be stated that vitamin B(1) concentration remained constant, while for the others, the concentration loss was dependent on time rather than on storage conditions. All samples were considered vitamin B(2) sources. The influence of the storage time in the concentrations of vitamin B(6) and PP was explained mathematically, through linear regression equations of multivariate analysis.
Assuntos
Abelhas , Armazenamento de Alimentos/métodos , Pólen/química , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Complexo Vitamínico B/química , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Congelamento , Análise Multivariada , Riboflavina/análise , Tiamina/análise , Fatores de Tempo , Vitamina B 6/análiseRESUMO
AIM: This in vitro study was to evaluate the endogenous pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids content (TSSC) and nonreducing sugars of energy drinks. METHODS: Nine energy drinks (Bad Boy Power Drink, Red Bull, Red Bull Sugar Free, Flying Horse, Burn, Night Power, Flash Power, Flying Horse Light and 220V) were evaluated by a randomised experiment with 3 repetitions on each sample. pH analysis performed by potentiometry and buffering capacity was assessed by dilution of each drink. Increments of 0.1 N KOH were titrated until neutrality reached. TSSC readings were performed by Brix refractometry using an Abbé refractometer. RESULTS: pH values ranged from 1.52 (Flash Power) to 3.20 (Red Bull) and all drinks showed pH 5.5. Titratable acidity values ranged from 0.56 (220V) to 1.04 (Bad Boy Power Drink). Flying Horse Light presented the lowest TSSC content (1.66%) and Flying Horse presented the highest (12.58%). Non-reducing sugars values ranged from 0.00% (Red Bull Sugar Free and Flying Horse Light) to 54.33% (Flying Horse). CONCLUSION: The energy drinks evaluated have a high erosive potential, as they present low pH and a high non-reducing sugar content.
Assuntos
Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Erosão Dentária/induzido quimicamente , Ácidos/análise , Ácidos/química , Bebidas/análise , Soluções Tampão , Cafeína/análise , Carboidratos/análise , Glucuronatos/análise , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hidróxidos/química , Indicadores e Reagentes , Inositol/análise , Paullinia , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Compostos de Potássio/química , Potenciometria , Sacarose/análise , Taurina/análise , Titulometria , Complexo Vitamínico B/análiseRESUMO
The aim of this work was to determine vitamin contents in spinach produced by different cultivation type (organic and traditional), harvesting period and after cooking in water. The determination was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. There was no significant difference in folate contents between spinach cultivated by traditional and organic method and there was also no significant difference between the values obtained at different periods of the year. Folate levels determined as 5-methylTHF and 5-formylTHF varied from 226 to 527 microg/100 g and 4.6 to 10 microg/100 g, respectively. Cooking in water resulted in approximately 74% of losses of 5-methylTHF and 56% of 5-formylTHF. The mainly losses occurred by leaching.
Assuntos
Agricultura/métodos , Culinária/métodos , Ácido Fólico/análise , Spinacia oleracea/química , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Valor Nutritivo , Estações do AnoRESUMO
In addition to serving as good natural sources of vitamin B(2), milk and milk products are currently being enriched with the vitamins B(1), B(2), B(6), and nicotinamide in Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the levels of enrichment of these products according to their availability in supermarkets in the Campinas (SP, Brazil) region. The separation of the vitamins was carried out on a C 18 column with gradient elution with acetonitrile and aqueous phase. Detection of vitamins was effected in the ultraviolet region and quantification by an external standard. The levels of vitamin B(2) determined in powdered whole milk, skimmed milk powder, and one brand of flavored lactic beverage, were practically double those stated on the packages. The same occurred with vitamins B(6) and PP (nicotinic acid + nicotinamide), when determined in the same lactic beverage and with vitamin B(6), determined in acidified milk. The high levels of vitamin B(2), naturally present in whole milk, and the predominance of the free form, allowed for the determination of this vitamin in non-enriched milk.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Laticínios/análise , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Animais , Brasil , Leite/química , Niacina/análise , Niacinamida/análise , Riboflavina , Tiamina , Vitamina B 6RESUMO
The term "folate" is a generic way to name the different forms derived from folic acid, one of the B vitamins (specifically B9 vitamin). They are essential in the metabolism when they act as cofactors in the transfer reactions of one carbon. However, only plants and microorganisms are able to synthesize them de novo, in such a way that both animals and human beings have to intake them through their diet. Folic acid is widely spread in nature, mainly in vegetables, liver ans cereals. However, nowadays, the lack of folates in the diet is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world, and it has serious consequences on human health. There is evidence that even in developed countries folate intake is usually low; and even, is some cases, below optima levels. The authorities in several countries have adapted different norms related to folic acid, fortifying staple food such as dairy products or cereals, mandatory (U.S.A., Canada or Chile) or voluntary (most of the European countries).
Assuntos
Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/prevenção & controle , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Alimentos Fortificados , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Canadá , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Registros de Dieta , Grão Comestível/química , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/prevenção & controle , Política Nutricional , Necessidades Nutricionais , Gravidez , Estados Unidos , Verduras/química , Complexo Vitamínico B/análiseRESUMO
Para continuar la vigilancia nutricional de adultos, grupo de población más afectado por la epidemia de neuropatía, se evaluó el estado nutricional de vitaminas del complejo B en 100 y 94 adultos supuestamente sanos en marzo y noviembre de 1995, respectivamente. Se realizaron determinaciones bioquímicas de vitaminas B1, B2 y B6, encuestas dietéticas por registro de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos por 1 mes, y mediciones de peso y talla para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal. Más del 70 porciento de los sujetos tenía niveles subóptimos de vitamina B1 y B2 en ambos grupos. El 86 porciento de los sujetos del primer grupo y el 50 porciento de los del segundo grupo estaban en bajo riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina B6. No se halló diferencias entre las medias de los niveles de vitaminas según la edad, ni entre fumadores y no fumadores. No se encontró correlación entre los niveles de vitaminas y la ingestión dietética de éstas. Las medias del índice de masa corporal fueron similares para los 2 grupos. Las medias de ingestión diaria de las vitaminas B1 y B2 fueron significativamente diferentes en las 2 estaciones del año. El porcentaje de individuos con déficit de vitaminas B1 y B2 fue más alto en el grupo no suplementado
Assuntos
Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
Apesar da evoluçäo tecnológica, estudos sobre a estabilidade de nutrientes em alimentos preparados em Serviços de Alimentaçäo têm recebido pouca atençäo. No entanto, é cada vez maior o número de pessoas que fazem suas refeiçöes nestes estabelecimentos. Uma vez que o conteúdo em vitaminas é um dos fatores mais importantes na determinaçäo da qualidade dos alimentos processados, o objetivo deste estudo foi definir métodos de análise quantitativa para tiamina, riboflavina e ácido nicotínico por CLAE em carnes, para, entäo, avaliar a influência da preparaçäo em Serviço de Alimentaçäo sobre o conteúdo destas vitaminas em diferentes cortes de carne bovina, suína e de frango. Objetivou-se também avaliar a estabilidade das vitaminas citadas após métodos de preparaçäo tradicionais comparados com métodos de preparaçäo em forno combinado (um dos equipamentos de cocçäo mais modernos utilizados em Serviço de Alimentaçäo)...