RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: To evaluate the association between soft drinks (SDs) consumption and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a Mexican adult population. METHODS: We used data from the RenMex consortium (n = 2095) that included the Mexican Teachers Cohort Study (34-65 years), the Health Workers Cohort Study (18-90 years), and the Comitán Study (19-91 years). In this cross-sectional study, we assessed SDs consumption (cola and flavored soda) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and estimated eGFR using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Quantile regression was used to assess the association between SDs consumption and eGFR with eGFR as a continuous variable. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for eGFR categories derived from quantile regression (mildly decreased eGFR, ≥72.9-87.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and moderately decreased eGFR, <72.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). RESULTS: Mean age of study participants was 47.2 years, 67.5% were women, and 12.2% had diabetes. eGFR was <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 3.7% of study participants. Mildly decreased eGFR was present in 14.8%, and moderately decreased eGFR was present in 10.1% of study participants. Quantile regression results showed that SDs consumption was associated with lower eGFR at the 10th, 25th, 50th and 75th percentile. Based on the final adjusted multinomial model, ≥7 servings/week was positively associated with moderately decreased eGFR relative to <1 serving/week (Relative Risk Ratio = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07-3.57). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that higher SDs consumption is associated with lower eGFR. Encouraging healthy dietary choices should be part of the management and prevention of CKD.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to assess the association between the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) with continued breastfeeding and the early introduction of ultra-processed drinks in children living in situations of social vulnerability. This cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil, which included 561 children. It was observed that introducing soft drinks into the child's diet during the first year of life was directly associated with DBM but indirectly with continuous breastfeeding for 12 or more months. These results indicate paths that can be followed to reverse the current scenario.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la erosión dental y el consumo de bebidas refrescantes en escolares de 12 a 16 años del Centro Educativo Juan Velasco Alvarado, en el distrito de Pillco Marca, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacio- nal, transversal de una muestra de 135 niños de 12 a 16 años. Se seleccionaron historias clínicas que contaran con datos so- bre variables demográficas, la valoración del tipo de erosión dental según la clasificación de Eccles y que hayan respondi- do la encuesta sobre el consumo de las bebidas refrescantes (gaseosas, rehidratantes y jugos). Para evaluar la asociación entre las variables se aplicó la prueba chi-cuadrado; el nivel de significación establecido fue de p<0,05. Resultados: La frecuencia de la erosión dental en los es- colares fue del 54,1%. Un 3,7% consumía bebidas refrescan- tes de 3 a 5 veces por semana, un 45,9% consumía 2 veces por semana, y el 50,4% no consumía o consumía menos de 2 ve- ces a la semana. Las gaseosas que más frecuentemente se con- sumían fueron la Coca-Cola (20,7%) y la Kola Real (20%). El 43,7% no ingería ningún tipo de bebida gaseosa. Se halló una asociación entre la erosión dental y la ingesta de bebidas refrescantes (chi-cuadrado 84,77, p<0,05), con una ingesta de 2 veces por semana o más (chi-cuadrado 62,589, p<0,05). La erosión dental fue más frecuente en aquellos alumnos que in- gerían ambas bebidas, gaseosas y rehidratantes en su dieta, comparado con solo gaseosas o rehidratantes (p=0,048). Conclusiones: Las bebidas refrescantes resultaron ser no- civas para la erosión dental, cuando estas bebidas se toman al menos dos veces por semana (AU)

Aim: Determine the relation between dental erosion and the consumption of the refreshing drinks in schoolchildren from 12 to 16 years of Juan Velasco Alvarado Educational Center, from Pillco Marca district, Peru. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sec- tional study was carried out on a sample of 135 children from 12 to 16 years of age. From all the medical records avail- able, the final selection included the ones that had data on demographic variables, the assessment of the type of dental erosion according to the Eccles classification and that had answered the survey on the consumption of refreshing drinks (soft drinks, rehydrating drinks and juices). To evaluate the association between the variables, the chi-square test was ap- plied; the established significance level was p<0.05. Results: The frequency of dental erosion in schoolchil- dren was 54.1%. 3.7% consumed refreshing drinks 3 to 5 times a week, 45.9% consumed 2 times a week, and 50.4% did not consume or consumed less than 2 times a week. The soft drinks most frequently consumed were Coca-Cola (20.7%) and Kola Real (20%). 43.7% did not ingest any type of soft drink. An association was found between dental erosion and the intake of refreshing drinks (chi-square 84.77, p<0.05), with an intake of at least twice a week (chi-square 62.589, p<0.05). Dental erosion was more frequent in those students who ingested both soft drinks and rehydrating drinks in their diet, compared to only soft drinks or only rehydrating drinks (p=0.048 Conclusions: Refreshing drinks turned out to be harmful in relation to dental erosion, when these drinks are taken at least twice a week (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background:Soft drinks are drinks high in sugar and acidity, but low in nutritional benefits. Despite its great popularity, its consumption is alerted due to the numerous systemic harm caused. Aim:This work aims to provide information and critically review the literature on the risk of soft drink consumption in an integrative view with nutritional, dental, and medical aspects. Methods:A search was carried out based on the identification of the theme, determination of inclusion and exclusion criteria, selection of databases for research and, finally, the reading, interpretation, and discussion of the selected sources. A search was conducted using the keywords: "soft drinks" AND "obesity" OR "dental erosion" OR "diabetes" OR "hypertension" OR "mental health" OR "multimorbidities" in databases PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS between 2017 and 2022. Results:Seventy-six studies were included in the article after the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion:We conclude that the high consumption of soft drinks is associated with oral and general diseases. Therefore, a multi-professional approach to guide patients to moderate the consumption of these beverages is extremely important.

Assuntos

RESUMO

AIM: To estimate the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks and unsweetened fruit juice with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Adult Health Study (ELSA-Brasil) after 4 years of follow-up. METHODS: We used data from ELSA-Brasil cohort (N = 15,105). The sample consisted of 6,124 civil servants free of the MetS at baseline (35 to 74 years, both sexes). The consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks and unsweetened fruit juice was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire previously validated. The outcome was MetS and its components (Joint Interim Statement criteria). To test the association between beverage consumption at baseline (2008-2010) and MetS and its components at follow-up (2012-2014), we used Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: After 4-year follow-up, the higher consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks (≥ 1 serving/day = 250 mL/day) increased the relative risk of MetS (RR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.04-1.45), high fasting glucose (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.01-1.48), and high blood pressure (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.00-1.54). Moderate consumption of this beverage (0.4 to < 1 serving/day) increased the relative risk of high waist circumference (WC) (RR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.02-1.42). After adjustment for confounding variables, the consumption of unsweetened fruit juice was not associated with the MetS and its components. CONCLUSION: Higher sugar-sweetened soft drinks consumption was associated with a higher risk relative of MetS, high fasting glucose, and high blood pressure, while moderate consumption of this beverage increased the relative risk of high WC in Brazilian adults.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Soft drinks are food matrices propitious to the growth of acidophilic bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi due to their pH, water activity, and the presence of nutrients. Off-flavor, clouding, and package stuffing are the only parameters producers have to detect spoilage when it is often too late for the brand's reputation. In this work, microbiological analyses were performed on non-alcoholic beverages of Brazilian and Bolivian brands. As a result, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast, and filamentous fungi were isolated. Zygosaccharomyces bisporus yeast was isolated from different flavored stuffed products, and Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens and Brevibacillus agri were isolated from packages without visible signs of deterioration. These microorganisms were identified by MALDI-TOF. For products with visible growth of filamentous fungi, microscopic identification keys identified Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, Paecilomyces niveus, and Paecilomyces variotii. These work's findings reflect a failure to sanitize raw materials since the isolates' primary origin is the soil and the water, pointing to the lack of process control in soft drinks.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: To assess and evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the consumption of carbonated drinks among dental students. Carbonated drinks are pervaded by carbon dioxide and have more adverse effects since they are acidic in nature. Nowadays, these are consumed more widely globally, causing many systemic diseases; diabetes and obesity are common. Material and Methods: This study includes 204 individuals belonging to the age group of 18-26 years. A self-structured objective type cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental students regarding carbonated drinks. The participants were instructed to mark the most appropriate correct answer from the given list of close-ended type questions. Results: Of 204 dental students, the study population includes 125 female and 79 male students. 98.5% of the students knew about carbonated drinks, while 1.5% were unaware. Conclusion: Most participants preferred to have carbonated drinks even with their awareness about the ill effects of these drinks. Possible implications by the government authorities may probably increase awareness among the population (AU).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is the irreversible loss of dental hard tissue resulting from the chemical-mechanical process. The aim of the present case report was to present two clinical cases of patients affected by ETW arising from different etiological factors. The patients, of the male gender, 9 and 10 years of age presented to the pediatric dental clinic, for routine evaluation. On clinical exam, both patients had no caries lesions, but some lesions suggestive of ETW, which had aspects such as a translucent halo around the occlusal surface of teeth, in addition to "cupping" lesions - mainly in the cusp region, and loss of tooth enamel (by volume). The lesions were restricted to enamel, and the patients showed no dental hypersensitivity. From the dental clinical exam and anamnesis, the two patients were found to have similar tooth structure loss, with diagnosis of ETW. However, in one patient the etiology was extrinsic due to diet, and in the other, it was intrinsic due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The latter patient was referred to a specialist for evaluation of the systemic condition, and GERD was diagnosed. It was concluded that dentists play an important role, as coadjuvant in the diagnosis of health problems related to ETW. Therefore, meticulous clinical exams must be performed to establish the correct diagnosis, because swift intervention in the clinical cases presented had a positive impact on halting the erosive process.

Resumen El desgaste dental erosivo corresponde a una pérdida irreversible de tejido duro dental resultante de un proceso químico-mecánico. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar dos casos clínicos de pacientes afectados por desgaste erosivo con diferentes factores etiológicos. Pacientes varones, de 9 y 10 años, acudieron a la clínica dental de odontopediatría para evaluación de rutina. A la exploración clínica, ambos pacientes no presentaban lesiones cariosas y algunas lesiones sugestivas de erosion que presentaban aspectos como un halo translúcido alrededor de la superficie oclusal del diente, además de puntos de punción principalmente en la región cuspídea (lesiones en ventosa) y pérdida del volumen del esmalte dental. Las lesiones se restringieron al esmalte y los pacientes no presentaron hipersensibilidad dentaria. Del examen clínico odontológico y de la anamnesis se aprecia que los dos pacientes presentaban similar pérdida estructural, con diagnóstico de desgaste erosivo, pero un paciente tenía una etiología extrínseca, por alimentación y otro, intrínseco, por trastorno gastroesofágico (TGRE). El paciente fue derivado al especialista para evaluación de la condición sistémica y se diagnosticó la TGRE. Se concluye que el odontólogo tiene un papel importante, como coadyuvante en el diagnóstico de los trastornos de salud relacionados con el desgaste erosivo. Por tanto, se debe realizar un examen clínico minucioso para establecer el diagnóstico correcto, ya que la rápida intervención en los casos clínicos presentados, incidió positivamente en la parálisis del proceso de erosión.

Resumo O desgaste dentário erosivo corresponde a uma perda irreversível do tecido duro dentário resultante de um processo químico-mecânico. O presente artigo teve por objetivo apresentar dois casos clínicos de pacientes afetados pelo desgaste erosivo com fatores etiológicos distintos. Os pacientes do gênero masculino, com 09 e 10 anos, compareceram à clínica odontológica de odontopediatria para avaliação de rotina. Ao exame clínico, ambos os pacientes apresentavam ausência de lesão de cárie e algumas lesões sugestivas de erosão que apresentavam aspectos como halo translúcido ao redor da superfície oclusal do dente, além de pontos socavados principalmente na região de cúspide (lesões de "cupping") e perda do volume do esmalte dentário. As lesões estavam restritas ao esmalte e os pacientes não apresentavam hipersensibilidade dentária. A partir do exame clínico odontológico e anamese pode-se constatar que os dois pacientes apresentavam perdas estruturais semelhantes, com diagnóstico de desgaste erosivo, porém um paciente apresentava etiologia extrínseca, pela alimentação e outro, intrínseca, por distúrbio gastroesofágico (DGRE). O paciente foi encaminhado ao especialista para avaliação do quadro sistêmico, sendo diagnosticado o DGRE. Conclui-se que o cirurgião-dentista tem um papel importante, como coadjuvante no diagnóstico de distúrbios de saúde relacionados ao desgaste erosivo. Portanto, um exame clínico de maneira minuciosa deve ser realizado para estabelecer o diagnóstico correto, visto que, a rápida intervenção nos casos clínicos apresentados, impactaram de forma positiva na paralisação do processo erosivo.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prospective association between sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and hyperuricemia is controversial. The aim was to investigate the association of the consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks and unsweetened fruit juices with the incidence of hyperuricemia and the levels of serum uric acid in the participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS AND RESULTS: Longitudinal analysis in ELSA-Brasil participants (baseline 2008-2010 and follow-up 2012-2014). The sample consisted of 10,072 civil servants (35-74 years, both sexes). The consumption of beverages estimated by a food frequency questionnaire (baseline) was divided into five categories: nonconsumption and quartiles (≥0.1 mL/day). Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid ≥7.0 mg/dL (men) and ≥5.7 mg/dL (women). Poisson regression with robust variance and multiple linear regression were tested. The average consumption of soft drinks was 84 ± 191 mL/day in men and 42 ± 128 mL/day in women. After 4 years of follow-up, the higher consumption of soft drinks (men: 401 ± 303 mL/day; women: 390 ± 290 mL/day) increased the relative risk of hyperuricemia by 30% (men) and 40% (women), and was associated with increased mean uric acid (men: ß = 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.41-0.24; women: ß = 0.11 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.00-0.21). The consumption of unsweetened juice was not associated with hyperuricemia. CONCLUSION: High consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks is associated with an increased relative risk of hyperuricemia and elevated serum uric acid levels in Brazilian adults.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El calcio (Ca) es un nutriente crítico para la salud, especialmente en los períodos de crecimiento. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los individuos argentinos no alcanzan la ingesta diaria recomendada. Por su parte, el fósforo (P) es un nutriente cuya ingesta suele estar por encima de la recomendada. Este tipo de desequilibrio en la ingesta de ambos nutrientes conlleva a una pérdida de masa ósea. El consumo de bebidas analcohólicas (BA) se ha incrementado en los últimos años, sobre todo en la población infantil, desplazando el consumo de agua y lácteos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el aporte de Ca y P a partir de BA diferentes de agua. Se evaluaron 59 muestras, cuya mediana y rango de Ca fue de 7,74 [0,00 a 111,29] mg/l y de P 55,17 [0,16 a 957,00] mg/l. Los jugos en polvo son los que mayor contenido de Ca presentaron y las bebidas deportivas aquellas donde se halló el mayor contenido de P. Considerando un consumo de 500 ml/día de BA se estarían incorporando 3,87 mg Ca y 27,59 mg P. El creciente consumo de BA, su bajo contenido de Ca y la concomitante reducción del consumo de lácteos contribuyen a una inadecuada ingesta de Ca. (AU)

Calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient, especially during periods of growth. However, the majority of Argentine individuals do not reach the recommended daily intake. On the other hand, phosphorus (P) is a nutrient with an intake usually above the recommended values. This type of imbalance between the intake of the nutrients leads to loss of bone mass. Soft drinks consumption (BA) has increased in recent years, especially in children, displacing the consumption of water and dairy products. The aim of this work was to estimate the Ca and P content in BA other than water. 59 samples were evaluated, with a median and range of Ca of 7.74 [0.00 to 111.29] mg/l and of P of 55.17 [0.16 to 957.00] mg/l. Powdered juices are the ones with the highest Ca content, and sports drinks are the beverages in which the highest P content was found. Based on a BA consumption of 500 ml/day, 3.87 mg Ca and 27.59 mg P would be incorporated. Therefore, the increased consumption of BA, their low Ca content, and the concomitant reduction in dairy consumption contribute to an inadequate intake of Ca. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A high consumption of soft drinks (SDs) has been linked with the development of anthropometric and metabolic alterations. We evaluate the association between SD consumption and some anthropometric and metabolic variables. This study is an observational study, using a sample of 394 university students, of which 158 were men (40.1%) and 238 women (59.9%), between 18 and 30 years. An SD intake questionnaire provided the consumption of different SDs. The participants' weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were collected. Metabolic biomarkers were analyzed. The average intake of caloric SDs (CSDs) was 1193.6 ± 1534.8 mL/week and 84.5 ± 115.02 mL/week for non-caloric SDs (NCSDs). Sex differences were found in the amount of SD consumption and these statistical differences were driven by those men subjects with a high total body fat percentage (TBF%). In men, correlations were found between the intake of CSDs and the body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, TBF%, and visceral fat percentage. In woman, a correlation was found with glucose and triglycerides. The prediction model revealed that the intake of CSDs predicts TBF% and low-density lipoprotein only in men. A high amount of CSD consumption in men was associated with a high TBF%, and this may be predictive of future development of metabolic abnormalities.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although high consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has been well established, has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption in a cohort of Mexicans. METHODS: We used data on 1445 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study, a prospective cohort conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Soft drinks consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative 116-item food frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-report of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose > 126 mg/dl, or hypoglycemic medication at any examination. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: With a total of 9526.2 person-years of follow-up, 109 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were observed. Type 2 diabetes incidence rate was 7.6, 11.0, and 17.1 per 1000 person-years across levels of soft drinks consumption of < 1, 1-4, and ≥ 5 servings/week, respectively (p < 0.001 for trend). The intake of ≥5 soft drinks/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.9 95% CI:1.0-3.5) compared with consumption of < 1/week (p-trend = 0.040). The HR was attenuated by further adjustment for body mass index (HR 1.5 95%CI:0.8-2.8) and abdominal obesity (HR 1.6 95%CI:0.8-3.0). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of soft drinks was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of Mexican adults. Our results further support recommendations to limit soft drinks intake to address the growing diabetes epidemic in Mexico.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a tendência temporal e os fatores associados ao consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre adultos no Brasil. Estudo desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico, realizado com adultos brasileiros entre 2007-2014. Foi verificada a frequência e a intensidade do consumo (quantidade de copos ou latas por semana) de refrigerante ou suco artificial. Dados sociodemográficos e comportamentais foram as variáveis independentes. A tendência temporal do consumo anual foi avaliada por meio de Regressão Linear. Os fatores associados (idade, sexo, região, trabalho, escolaridade, hábito de assistir TV) ao consumo dessas bebidas foram investigados por Regressão de Poisson. Houve redução de 32,7% do consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre 2007 e 2014. Os fatores associados ao maior consumo foram: sexo masculino (p = 0,000); faixa etária de 18-29 anos (p = 0,000); residência nas regiões centro-oeste, sudeste e sul (p = 0,000); menor escolaridade (p = 0,616); estar empregado (p = 0,007) e assistir TV mais de 3 horas por dia (p = 0,000). As análises descrevem uma tendência de queda no consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre os adultos no Brasil de 2007 a 2014.

Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the time-series trend and factors associated with the consumption of soft drinks or packaged fruit juices among adults in Brazil. It is a study based on secondary data from the System of Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey conducted among Brazilian adults between 2007 and 2014. The consumption frequency and intensity (number of cups or cans per week) of soda or packaged juice was checked. Socio-demographic and behavioral data were the independent variables. The time-series trend of annual consumption was evaluated by means of Linear Regression. The factors (age, sex, region, work, schooling and TV screen time) associated with the consumption of these beverages were investigated by Poisson regression. There was a 32.7% reduction in soft drink or packaged juice consumption between 2007 and 2014. Factors associated with higher consumption were: male sex (p = 0.000); 18-29 year-age-range (p = 0.000); residence in the central-west, southeast and southern regions (p = 0.000); lower schooling (p = 0.616); being employed (p = 0.007) and more than 3 hours of TV screen time per day (p = 0.000). The analyses describe a downward trend in the consumption of soda or packaged fruit juice among adults in Brazil from 2007 to 2014.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN Para enfrentar el problema de sobrepeso y obesidad en Chile, el enfoque de las políticas públicas debe enfatizar en medidas preventivas, cambiando el entorno en que el individuo se desarrolla para ayudarle a tener un estilo de vida más saludable. La Ley 20.606, tiene por objetivo principal proteger la salud de los chilenos, en especial de los niños, incorporando un marco regulatorio que contempla etiquetado frontal de advertencia en alimentos, prohibición de publicidad dirigida a menores de 14 años y prohibición de venta de alimentos con altos niveles de nutrientes críticos en establecimientos escolares. Las bebidas y néctares azucarados representan una de las fuentes más importantes de azúcares añadidos en la dieta y son de alto consumo por la población chilena. Por tal motivo se revisó la información nutricional y lista de ingredientes en etiquetas de néctares y bebidas de fantasía comercializadas en Chile, antes y después de la promulgación de la Ley 20.606. Los resultados mostraron que las formulaciones de los productos comercializados en el año 2017 se modificaron disminuyendo la concentración de azúcar, sin embargo, se incorporaron edulcorantes no calóricos, los que se encuentran cuestionados por muchos investigadores por posibles efectos adversos para la salud.

ABSTRACT To address the problem of overweight and obesity in Chile, the focus of public policies should emphasize preventive measures to change the environment in which the individual develops and help facilitate a healthier lifestyle. The main objective of the Chilean law 20.606 is to protect the health of Chileans, especially children, by incorporating a regulatory framework that includes a frontal warning labeling on food, a ban on advertising aimed at children under 14 and a ban on the sale of foods with high levels of critical nutrients in schools. Sugar sweetened beverages represent the largest source of added dietary sugars and discretionary calories for Chileans. For this reason, nutritional information and the ingredient list for the nutritional labeling of soft drinks commercialized in Chile were reviewed, before and after enactment of Chilean law 20.606. The results indicated that the formulations of products marketed in 2017 were modified by decreasing the concentration of sugar, however non-caloric sweeteners were incorporated, which are questioned by many researchers for possible adverse effects on health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo regular de bebidas açucaradas e sua associação com aspectos sociodemográficos e comportamentais de adultos de uma cidade do sudoeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo de base populacional com 1226 adultos de 20 a 59 anos, residentes na zona urbana do município de Viçosa-MG. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado para medir as condições sociodemográficas e comportamentais. O consumo de bebidas açucaradas foi classificado como regular quando a frequência de ingestão foi igual ou superior a cinco vezes por semana. O consumo regular de bebidas açucaradas foi superior em homens e mulheres com idade entre 20 e 29 anos (p < 0,01). Homens com hábito de realizar refeições em frente à televisão (p = 0,03) e mulheres insatisfeitas com seu peso (p = 0,03) apresentaram maior consumo regular de bebidas açucaradas. Conclui-se que os indivíduos de maior idade apresentaram menor consumo regular de bebidas açucaradas e este consumo esteve associado a comportamentos obesogênicos, como o hábito em realizar refeições em frente à televisão, e em indivíduos insatisfeitos com o peso corporal.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the regular consumption of sweetened beverages and its association with sociodemographic and behavioral aspects in a city in the southwest of Brazil. It involves is a population-based study of 1,226 adults aged 20 to 59 living in the urban area of the municipality of Viçosa in the state of Minas Gerais. A structured questionnaire to measure sociodemographic and behavioral conditions was applied. The consumption of sweetened beverages was considered regular when the frequency of consumption was five or more times a week. Regular consumption of sweetened beverages was higher in men and women aged between 20 and 29 years (p < 0.01). Men with the habit of eating meals in front of the television (p = 0.03) and women dissatisfied with their weight (p = 0.03) consumed greater regular amounts of sweetened beverages. The conclusion reached is that older individuals showed less regular consumption of sweetened beverages and that the consumption of same was associated with obesogenic behaviors, such as the habit of eating meals in front of the television and among individuals dissatisfied with their body weight.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study approaches the determination of nine elements from Brazilian carbonated soft drinks of several flavors and manufactures using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The concentrations of the elements varied as follows: (in µg L-1: Cu: 4.00-78.0; Fe: 74.0-506; Mn: 20.0-66.0; Zn: 104-584) and (in mg L-1: Ca: 4.81-16.2; K: 6.73-260; Na: 26.0-175; S: 1.43-5.41; P: 0.186-219). Principal component analysis has shown some tendencies to form two groups according to the drink flavor (orange and cola), but only cola presented a clear and complete separation. Using Kohonen maps, it was observed a tendency to form three flavor groups: (i) cola, (ii) orange and lemon, and (iii) guarana. However, this last tool proved to be more accurate in the groups' formation.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is associated with metabolic syndrome, and during pregnancy, it is linked to preeclampsia and preterm birth. We hypothesized that soft drink consumption, which has also been associated with metabolic disorders, may also be linked to periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between soft drink consumption and periodontal status in pregnancy. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study nested in BRISA (Brazilian Ribeirão Preto and São Luís Birth Cohort Studies). Pregnant women (n = 1,185) completed a questionnaire and underwent periodontal examination from the 22nd to 25th week of pregnancy. The explanatory variable was the frequency of soft drink consumption (times per week). The outcome was periodontal status measured as the number of teeth with probing depth ≥4 mm with bleeding on probing (PD/BOP) or with clinical attachment level ≥4 mm (CAL). Means ratio (MR) was estimated using zero-inflated Poisson, adjusted for maternal age and income. RESULTS: The higher tertile of consumption of soft drinks during pregnancy was associated with PD/BOP (MR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 to 1.75); while the highest tertile of diastolic blood pressure was also associated to CAL (MR = 1.21; 95% CI 1:07 to 1.35). CONCLUSION: High soft drink consumption was associated with the number of teeth with PD/BOP in pregnant women, suggesting that beverage consumption is a factor that contributes to the systemic inflammatory burden, which is common to periodontal disease, metabolic syndrome, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyse trends in sweetened beverages consumption among adults in Brazil between 2007 and 2016. DESIGN: A time-series analysis, with data from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). The prevalence of regular consumption (≥5 d/week), the average daily consumption (millilitres) and the prevalence of non-consumption of these beverages were analysed. The temporal variations of the indicators were calculated by linear regression. The analyses were performed for the complete set of the evaluated population and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. SETTING: Brazilian capitals and Federal District. SUBJECTS: Brazilian adults aged ≥18 years (n 519 641). RESULTS: There was a reduction in both regular and average daily consumption of sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages (-1·28 percentage points (pp)/year, P=0·001 and -9·63 ml/year, P=0·001, respectively). The same result regarding regular consumption was found when only sugar-sweetened beverages were analysed (-1·11 pp/year, P=0·011). Similar trends were identified in the stratified analyses, with a greater magnitude of reduction among males, young adults, those with higher schooling and residents of more developed regions. Coincidentally, there was an increase in the prevalence of adults who did not consume sweetened beverages (1·54 pp/year, P=0·005). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of sweetened beverages decreased during the period. However, a significant portion of the population still referred a daily consumption of these beverages.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The secular trend of hyperuricemia coincides with the substantial increase in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the consumption of soft drinks, dietary fructose and unsweetened, non-processed fruit juices with hyperuricemia in a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (2008⁻2010; n = 7173) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The explanatory variables were the consumption of soft drinks, fruit juice, and fructose using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were hyperuricemia and the uric acid concentration in serum. Regression models were tested, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. In men, the daily consumption of a portion of soft drink/day (250 mL) almost doubled the chance of hyperuricemia with a linear trend. In women, the consumption of ≥0.1 to <1.0 soft drink/day was associated with a higher chance of hyperuricemia, but there was no linear trend. High fructose consumption in men and moderate and high consumption in women were associated with hyperuricemia. All categories of soft drinks consumption were linearly associated with increased serum uric acid levels. Our findings suggest that the consumption of soft drinks and dietary fructose is positively associated with a higher chance of hyperuricemia and higher uric acid levels in Brazilian adults.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Genetic variations in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) may alter dopamine signaling and modify the rewarding effects of food. This study aimed to analyze the association of the C957T DRD2 polymorphism with sugar consumption in West Mexican subjects. In a cross-sectional and analytical study, a total of 215 Mexican subjects were enrolled. DRD2 genotyping was performed by an allelic discrimination assay. Habitual dietary intake and the biochemical profile were evaluated. Genotype frequencies of the C957T DRD2 polymorphism were CC (12.1%), CT (40.9%) and TT (47.0%). Carriers of the CC genotype had a higher intake of sugar (g/day) than heterozygotes (67.4 g vs. 41.3 g, p = 0.001) and TT homozygotes (67.4 g vs. 45.2 g, p = 0.004). Also, the habitual consumption of soda (daily or at least 3 times per week) was more frequent among CC genotype carriers compared with heterozygotes (81% vs. 51%, p = 7.5 × 10-6) and TT homozygotes (81% vs. 57%, p = 2.4 × 10-4). Furthermore, the CC genotype was associated with elevated serum triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dL) than the CT genotype (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.08-7.24, p = 0.034). In conclusion, our results suggest a genetic background associated with sugar consumption among West Mexicans, which may contribute to increases in serum triglyceride levels.

Assuntos