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There is increasing pressure to accelerate health professions education programs and educators have the challenge of ensuring that students can effectively transfer their learning into clinical practice. In this personal view, we discuss how insights from cognitive science can inform the redesign of current curricula and highlight the challenge of implementing these new approaches for instructional design and assessment. We also recommend that educators disseminate the important lessons learned from their endeavors.

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INTRODUCCIÓN. La epistemología, rama de la filosofía que estudia el proceso de investigación y su producto el conocimiento científico, implica ámbitos de la ciencia con enfoque positivismo y postpositivismo, interpretativismo, teoría crítica; y, transcomplejo, cada uno de ellos con los elementos paradigmáticos de: ontología, epistemología y metodología, su conocimiento y aplicabilidad en los diferentes ámbitos es fundamental porque sus enfoques generan ciencia. OBJETIVO. Desarrollar capacidades intelectuales en bases contextuales y teóricas en epistemología de la investigación social, indispensables para el ejercicio profesional en el ámbito de la investigación científica y del conocimiento científico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, con población y muestra conocida de 30 modalidades de publicación, periodo junio a julio 2020. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: fuentes secundarias de información bibliográfica validadas en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. La técnica de observación fue en buscadores bibliográficos PUBMED, Scielo, Scopus, Diccionario de Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud y la Real Academia Española. La tarea de revisar la literatura de investigación comprendió la identificación, selección, análisis crítico, descripción escrita, interpretación, discusión y conclusión de la información que existe sobre la epistemología de la investigación social, tema, que se registró con aplicación de un gestor de referencias bibliográficas, tipo Microsoft Word. RESULTADOS. Se logró obtener capacidades intelectuales al estructurar la cronológica de la epistemología de la investigación social, del conocimiento científico y nuevas perspectivas para el ejercicio profesional en el ámbito de la investigación científica. CONCLUSIÓN. Las perspectivas se orientan a integrar paradigmas pasados y futuros con visión de transcomplejidad, espacios organológicos de una gran red, conformación de cibercomunidades de investigación, uso de método integrador, nuevo lenguaje en equipos multidisciplinarios, agentes como el foco principal de la teoridad epistémica en espacio, tiempo y la relación entre las cosas.

INTRODUCTION. Epistemology, a branch of philosophy that studies the research process and its product, scientific knowledge, involves areas of science focussed in with positivism and postpositivism, interpretivism, critical theory; and, transcomplex, each one of them with the paradigmatic elements of: ontology, epistemology and methodology, their knowledge and applicability in the different fields is fundamental because their approaches generate science. OBJECTIVE. Develop intellectual capacities on contextual and theoretical bases in the epistemology of social research, essential for professional practice in the field of scientific research and scientific knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive study, with population and a known sample of 30 publication modalities, period June to July 2020. The inclusion criteria were: secondary sources of bibliographic information validated in the field of social sciences. The observation technique was in bibliographic search engines PUBMED, Scielo, Scopus, Dictionary of Descriptors in Health Sciences and the Royal Spanish Academy. The task of reviewing the research literature included the identification, selection, critical analysis, written description, interpretation, discussion and conclusion of the information that exists on the epistemology of social research, subject, which was registered with the application of a reference manager bibliographic, Microsoft Word type. RESULTS. Intellectual capacities were obtained by structuring the chronology of the epistemology of social research, scientific knowledge and new perspectives for professional practice in the field of scientific research. CONCLUSION. The perspectives are aimed at integrating past and future paradigms with a vision of transcomplexity, organological spaces of a large network, formation of research cyber communities, use of integrative method, new language in multidisciplinary teams, agents as the main focus of epistemic theory in space, time and the relationship between things.

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Finger-based representation of numbers is a high-level cognitive strategy to assist numerical and arithmetic processing in children and adults. It is unclear whether this paradigm builds on simple perceptual features or comprises several attributes through embodiment. Here we describe the development and initial testing of an experimental setup to study embodiment during a finger-based numerical task using Virtual Reality (VR) and a low-cost tactile stimulator that is easy to build. Using VR allows us to create new ways to study finger-based numerical representation using a virtual hand that can be manipulated in ways our hand cannot, such as decoupling tactile and visual stimuli. The goal is to present a new methodology that can allow researchers to study embodiment through this new approach, maybe shedding new light on the cognitive strategy behind the finger-based representation of numbers. In this case, a critical methodological requirement is delivering precisely targeted sensory stimuli to specific effectors while simultaneously recording their behavior and engaging the participant in a simulated experience. We tested the device's capability by stimulating users in different experimental configurations. Results indicate that our device delivers reliable tactile stimulation to all fingers of a participant's hand without losing motion tracking quality during an ongoing task. This is reflected by an accuracy of over 95% in participants detecting stimulation of a single finger or multiple fingers in sequential stimulation as indicated by experiments with sixteen participants. We discuss possible application scenarios, explain how to apply our methodology to study the embodiment of finger-based numerical representations and other high-level cognitive functions, and discuss potential further developments of the device based on the data obtained in our testing.

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Students have to develop a wide variety of clinical skills, from cannulation to advanced life support, prior to entering clinical practice. An important challenge for health professions' educators is the implementation of strategies for effectively supporting students in their acquisition of different types of clinical skills and also to minimize skill decay over time. Cognitive science provides a unified approach that can inform how to maximize clinical skill acquisition and also minimize skill decay. The Guide discusses the nature of expertise and mastery development, the key insights from cognitive science for clinical skill development and skill retention, how these insights can be practically applied and integrated with current approaches used in clinical skills teaching.

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La neuropsicología contemporánea reconoce la teoría de la mente como la capacidad que desarrollan los niños, entre los 4 y 5 años, de interpretar, predecir y explicar el comportamiento propio y de los otros en términos de sus estados mentales subyacentes, ligando su estudio a diversos tipos de trastornos con especial énfasis en los trastornos del espectro autista. El objetivo del artículo se centra en la reflexión sobre lo que debería considerar una teoría que pretenda indagar sobre la mente, abordando los conceptos de inferencias y representaciones, contrastando su contenido con la psicología de sentido común. Se analiza la pertinencia de dirigir la línea de estudio, considerando un cambio conceptual por uno más adecuado y que genere menos vacíos teóricos al momento de establecer su respaldo epistémico. Para tal efecto, la cognición social se presenta como posible candidato a reemplazar la tan polémica teoría de la mente. Desde este punto de vista, es importante enfatizar la importancia que tienen los conceptos a la hora de informar los resultados de las investigaciones, debido a que ellos pueden estigmatizar y/o caricaturizar a los grupos de personas con los que se trabaja, grupos que particularmente propenden a ser diferenciados por el colectivo social dadas las características basales por los que se eligen para formar parte de las investigaciones.

Contemporary neuropsychology recognizes the theory of mind as the capacity that children develop, between the ages of 4 and 5, to interpret, predict and explain their own behavior and that of others in terms of their underlying mental states, linking its study to various types of disorders with special emphasis on autism spectrum disorders. The objective of the article focuses on the reflection on what a theory that seeks to investigate the mind should consider, addressing the concepts of inferences and representations, contrasting its content with folk psychology. The relevance of directing the line of study is analyzed considering a conceptual change for a more appropriate one that generates fewer theoretical gaps at the time of establishing its epistemic support, for this purpose, social cognition is presented as a possible candidate to replace the highly controversial theory of the mind. From this point of view, it is important to emphasize the importance of concepts when informing the results of research, since they can stigmatize and / or caricature the groups of people with whom they work, groups that particularly they tend to be differentiated by the social group given the baseline characteristics by which they are chosen to be part of the research.

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Dual Process Theory is currently a popular theory for explaining why we show bounded rationality in reasoning and decision-making tasks. This theory proposes there must be a sharp distinction in thinking to explain two clusters of correlational features. One cluster describes a fast and intuitive process (Type 1), while the other describes a slow and reflective one (Type 2). A problem for this theory is identifying a common principle that binds these features together, explaining why they form a unity, the unity problem. To solve it, a hypothesis is developed combining embodied predictive processing with symbolic classical approaches. The hypothesis, simplified, states that Type 1 processes are bound together because they rely on embodied predictive processing whereas Type 2 processes form a unity because they are accomplished by symbolic classical cognition. To show that this is likely the case, the features of Dual Process Theory are discussed in relation to these frameworks.

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Objetivo: indagar por las ideas previas que presentan los estudiantes de Odontología, que se encuentran cursando entre V a X semestre, respecto al manejo ambulatorio de infecciones odontogénicas ­IO- en niños. Métodos: se aplicó un estudio cualitativo-interpretativo con la participación de 60 estudiantes. Las respuestas dadas en una entrevista semiestructurada, la cual contó con ocho preguntas guía abiertas, fueron la unidad de análisis. El procedimiento tuvo cuatro fases. En la primera, preparatoria, se construyó el marco teórico-conceptual como base para interpretar lo manifestado por los estudiantes y se elaboraron las preguntas-guía; para la segunda fase, de recolección de información, se realizaron las entrevistas semiestructuradas presenciales, para ello, los participantes se citaron individualmente en la oficina de investigación. Durante la fase analítica se establecieron las categorías previas: concepto, etiología, evolución, manejo ambulatorio, vías de diseminación, tratamiento farmacológico. La información recabada se vació, depuró y codificó para hacer la exploración con técnica interpretativa y análisis de contenido. En la cuarta fase, de reporte, se presentó un informe con los resultados. Resultados: los estudiantes reconocen que esta enfermedad afecta a pacientes de cualquier edad, sexo y con condición sistemática comprometida. Conclusiones: se requiere una estrategia educativa que permita afianzar el manejo ambulatorio de las IO desde lo propuesto por la ciencia para lograr un aprendizaje significativo. Se requiere enfatizar en el manejo ambulatorio del paciente con infección odontogénica.

Objective: To investigate the previous ideas of dental students from the 5th to the 10th semester about the outpatient management of odontogenic infections in children. Methods: Qualitative-interpretive study, with the participation of 60 students. The unit of analysis was the answers given in a semi-structured interview that had eight open-ended questions. The procedure had four phases: Preparatory where the theoretical-conceptual framework was built as a basis for interpreting what was stated by the students, the guiding questions were elaborated. Information gathering: The face-to-face semi-structured interviews were carried out; the participants were cited individually in the research office. Analytical: they were established as previous categories: concept, etiology, evolution, outpatient management, routes of dissemination, pharmacological treatment. The information collected was emptied, refined and encoded, to make the exploration with interpretive technique and content analysis and Report: a report was submitted with the results. Results: The students recognize that this disease affects patients of any age, sex and with a compromised systemic condition. Conclusions: An educational strategy is required that allows to consolidate the outpatient management of IO them from what is proposed by science to achieve meaningful learning. In the case of antibiotic therapy, students are clear about what is done and how long it will last. Emphasis is required on the outpatient management of the patient with odontogenic infection, as long as a good diagnosis is made.

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Resumo O artigo parte da discussão entre a visão representacional computacional da cognição contraposta ao enfoque enativo da ciência cognitiva, que defende que o conhecimento é fruto da afetação do corpo pelo ambiente. Discute as consequências dessa visão enativa para a compreensão da neuroética, entendida não como conjunto de parâmetros éticos para as experiências científicas nas neurociências, mas como compreensão neuronal científica do agir moral. A explicação neuronal da ética parte de neuroimagens como expressões de emoção, mas reduzir a moralidade às emoções é discutível, pois juízos emocionais, baseados na proximidade afetiva, destoam de normas éticas de base universal. Outro ponto crítico dessa visão é o artificialismo de suas experimentações, devido ao esquecimento do mundo cotidiano de afetações do corpo, enfoque trazido pelo enativismo da ciência cognitiva.

Abstract This article starts with the discussion between the representational computational cognitive framework versus the enactive perspective of the cognitive science, which argues that knowledge is the result of the body's interaction with its environment. It discusses the consequences of this enactive perspective for the understanding of neuroethics, read not as a set of ethical parameters for scientific experiments in neurosciences, but as a neural scientific understanding of the moral action. The neural explanation of ethics comprehends neuroimaging as expressions of emotion, but reduce morality to emotions is debatable, since emotional judgments, based on affective proximity, diverge from ethical and universal norms. Another critical point of this framework is the artificiality of its tests, caused by neglecting the environmental effects on daily life, approach brought by the enactive approach.

Resumen El articulo parte de la discusión acerca de la visión representacional de la cognición contrapuesta a un enfoque enactivo de la ciencia cognitiva, que defiende que el conocimiento se origina de la afectación del cuerpo por el mundo ambiente. En una segunda parte discute las consecuencias de esta visión enactiva para la comprensión de la neuroética, entendida no como parámetros éticos para las experiencias científicas en las neurociencias, sino como comprensión neuronal científica del actuar moral. Interesa discutir esta segunda concepción. La explicación neuronal de la ética parte de neuroimágenes, como expresiones de emociones. Reducir la moralidad a las emociones es discutible, porque existen disonancias entre juicios emocionales, basados en la proximidad afectiva, y normas éticas de base universal. Otro punto crítico de esta visión es el carácter artificial de sus experimentaciones, causado por el olvido del mundo cotidiano de las afectaciones, enfoque traído por el enactivismo de la ciencia cognitiva.

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Resumen: La Ciencia Cognitiva de la Religión es un campo de investigación interdisciplinario que surge en los años 1990s, congregando distintas disciplinas y métodos. Su interés es explicar los procesos cognitivos que subyacen a las creencias y prácticas religiosas, así como situar las mismas en la historia natural y evolutiva de nuestra especie. En el presente artículo se describirá dicho campo interdisciplinario en sus aspectos principales, así como en dos de sus líneas centrales de investigación: la epidemiología de las creencias religiosas, y el estudio cognitivo de los rituales religiosos. Ambas líneas de investigación estudian el problema de cómo las ideas y prácticas religiosas interactúan con la memoria y otros procesos cognitivos, tratando de explicar laamplia dispersión de los fenómenos religiosos en el mundo.

Abstract: The Cognitive Science of Religion is an interdisciplinary research field born in the 1990s. It combines different disciplines and methods, united by the common interest of explaining the cognitive processes underlying religious beliefs and practices, and situating them in the natural evolutionary history of the human species. In the current article, the essential features of this interdisciplinary field will be described, including a presentation of two of its most important research foci: the epidemiology of religious beliefs, and the cognitive study of religious rituals. Both lines of research are concerned with how religious ideas and practices interact with memory and other cognitive processes, trying to explain the widespread occurrence of religious phenomena around the world.

Resumo: A Ciência Cognitiva da Religião é um campo de pesquisa interdisciplinar que surgiu na década de 1990, e reúne diferentes disciplinas e métodos. Seu interesse é explicar os processos cognitivos que fundamentam a crenças e práticas religiosas e colocá-los na história natural e evolutiva de nossa espécie. Este artigo descreve esse campo interdisciplinar e seus principais aspectos. Nós descrevemos duas das suas principais linhas de pesquisa: a epidemiologia das crenças religiosas, e o estudo cognitivo de os rituais religiosos. As duas linhas de investigação estudam o problema de como as idéias e práticas religiosas afetar a memória e outros processos cognitivos, tentando explicar a grande dispersão dos fenómenos religiosos no mundo.

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In this article, we will examine some of Lacan's concepts on the relation between psychoanalysis and science. The difference that Lacan states between the real for science, which would be entirely governed by laws, and the real for psychoanalysis - a 'real without law' - risk to lead to an irreducible separation between the two fields. However, as the article shows, that separation between psychoanalysis and science is not the position defended by Freud and Lacan. Indeed the latest discoveries in the field of neurosciences challenge the traditional conception of the real for science, bringing it closer to the real 'without law' that characterizes psychoanalysis. Conceiving the real for science as a real that is opened to contingencies and not entirely governed by laws, is the first necessary step for a new alliance between psychoanalysis and science.

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The research aimed at identifying factors related to physical activity and cognitive health in elderly living in long-stay institutions. It is a populational based cross sectional study with 191 individuals aged ≥60 years. It was analyzed sociodemographic variables and the ones related to health. Crude multivariable analysis were run upon Poisson regression, estimating the ratios of gross and adjusted prevalence and calculated the confidence intervals of 95 % at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The average age was 79,7 years (±9,8). In the adjusted model, the rate of prevalence of physical activity was 1.94 times higher among elderly people without dementia symptoms. The findings reinforce the need for ongoing incentive to physical activity practice for institutionalized elderly, since the reduction or slowing up the complications resulting from dementia and better understanding of the overall picture of health.

A pesquisa objetivou identificar fatores relacionados à atividade física e à saúde cognitiva em idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 191 indivíduos com idade ≥60 anos. Foram analisadas as variáveis sociodemográficas e as relacionadas à saúde.A análise multivariada bruta foi realizada na regressão de Poisson, estimando as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada e calculando os intervalos de confiança de 95% a um nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05. A média de idade foi de 79,7 anos (±9,8). No modelo ajustado, a taxa de prevalência de atividade física foi 1.94 vezes maior entre idosos sem sintomas de demência. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de incentivo contínuo à prática de atividade física para idosos institucionalizados,desde a redução ou diminuição das complicações decorrentes da demência e melhor compreensão do quadro geral da saúde.

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The research aimed at identifying factors related to physical activity and cognitive health in elderly living in long-stay institutions. It is a populational based cross sectional study with 191 individuals aged ≥60 years. It was analyzed sociodemographic variables and the ones related to health. Crude multivariable analysis were run upon Poisson regression, estimating the ratios of gross and adjusted prevalence and calculated the confidence intervals of 95 % at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The average age was 79,7 years (±9,8). In the adjusted model, the rate of prevalence of physical activity was 1.94 times higher among elderly people without dementia symptoms. The findings reinforce the need for ongoing incentive to physical activity practice for institutionalized elderly, since the reduction or slowing up the complications resulting from dementia and better understanding of the overall picture of health.

A pesquisa objetivou identificar fatores relacionados à atividade física e à saúdecognitiva em idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência. Trata-se deum estudo transversal de base populacional com 191 indivíduos com idade ≥60anos. Foram analisadas as variáveis sociodemográficas e as relacionadas à saúde.A análise multivariada bruta foi realizada na regressão de Poisson, estimando asrazões de prevalência bruta e ajustada e calculando os intervalos de confiança de95% a um nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05. A média de idade foi de 79,7 anos (±9,8). No modelo ajustado, a taxa de prevalência de atividade física foi 1.94 vezesmaior entre idosos sem sintomas de demência. Os achados reforçam a necessidadede incentivo contínuo à prática de atividade física para idosos institucionalizados,desde a redução ou diminuição das complicações decorrentes da demência emelhor compreensão do quadro geral da saúde.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain reliability and validity evidence for the questionnaire of illness representation, the impact of epilepsy, and stigma (QIRIS) for use with adolescents and adults in Brazil. QIRIS consists of 14 questions grouped in three domains (attribution of meaning, impact of disease, and stigma) and was applied to 57 adults with epilepsy. QIRIS internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0. 866). Significant and strong correlation was found between issues belonging to the same domain, as expected. Three domains have highly significant and positive correlations with the instrument’s total score, indicating evidence of content validity. We conclude that QIRIS has psychometric properties and can facilitate a systematic evaluation of the patient’s representation according to a biopsychosocial approach that may contribute to clinical practice based on scientific evidence.

RESUMO Este estudo buscou evidências de confiabilidade e validade para o questionário de representação da doença, impacto da epilepsia e estigma (QIRIS), para uso em adolescentes e adultos no Brasil. O QIRIS consiste de 14 questões agrupadas em 3 domínios (atribuição de significados, impacto da doença e estigma) e foi aplicado em 57 adultos com epilepsia. A consistência interna do QIRIS foi satisfatória (α de Cronbach = 0,866). Foi encontrada forte e significante correlação entre as questões com o mesmo domínio.Os três domínios têm correlações altamente significativas e positivas com a pontuação total do instrumento, indicando evidências de validade de conteúdo. Concluímos que o QIRIS tem propriedades psicométricas que facilitam uma avaliação sistemática de representação do paciente de acordo com uma abordagem biopsicossocial, além de contribuir para uma prática clínica baseada em evidências científicas.

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Resumo Introdução: Distúrbios do Trato Urinário Inferior (DTUI) de causa funcional são disfunções vesicais sem defeitos anatômicos ou neurológicos. O diagnóstico é principalmente clínico, com sintomas padronizados pela International Children's Continence Society. Poucos estudos relacionam qualidade de vida destes pacientes ao nível cognitivo e aproveitamento escolar. Objetivos: Avaliar marcos do controle miccional, dificuldades cotidianas, qualidade de vida (QV), nível cognitivo e desempenho escolar de crianças portadoras de DTUI. Método: Série de casos de pacientes acompanhados na Nefrologia Pediátrica de hospital terciário com avaliação da QV (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - Peds-QL), Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE) e teste de matrizes progressivas de Raven. Resultados: Meninas de classe social menos favorecida foram 90,9% das crianças elegíveis. A média de idade foi 9,1 ± 4,8 anos. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram urge-incontinência (81%), manobras de contenção (77,3%) e enurese (59,1%) associados à síndrome do distúrbio de eliminações (63,6%). Cuidadores consideravam as perdas urinárias e/ou sintomas como voluntários, brigavam e/ ou batiam na criança. As crianças já tinham sido submetidas a situações constrangedoras e advertências de professores, escondiam sintomas e/ou roupas sujas. O escore médio de QV foi 71,0 ± 12,6 com menor média na dimensão escolar. No TDE 55% tiveram desempenho inferior e nas Matrizes de Raven 60% estavam intelectualmente em nível médio. Observaram-se escores menores de QV no nível médio e inferior do TDE e capacidade intelectual média/abaixo da média nas Matrizes de Raven. Conclusão: DTUI pode influenciar negativamente relações familiares e sociais, desempenho escolar e qualidade de vida das crianças portadoras.

Abstract Introduction: Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) are voiding dysfunctions without anatomical or neurological defects. The diagnosis is primarily clinical, with symptoms standardized by the International Children's Continence Society. Few studies relate quality of life of patients with cognitive and school performance. Objective: To evaluate milestones of bladder control, daily problems, quality of life (QoL), cognitive function and school performance of children with LUTD. Methods: Case series of patients followed in the Pediatric Nephrology tertiary hospital with assessment of QoL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQoL version 4), School Performance Test (TDE) and Raven Progressive Matrices test. Results: Girls of lower social class were (90.9%) of eligible children. The mean age was 9.1 ± 4.8 years old. The most common symptoms were urge incontinence (81%), holding maneuvers (77.3%) and enuresis (59.1%) associated with the elimination disorder syndrome (63.6%). Caregivers considered volunteers urinary losses and/ or symptoms, and fought and/or beat the child. Children had been subjected to embarrassing situations such as warnings of teachers, they hid symptoms and/or the dirty clothes. Mean score of QoL was 71.0 ± 12.6 with the lowest mean score on the school dimension. In TDE 55% had lower performance and in Raven Matrices 60% were intellectually in the medium level. It was observed lower QoL scores in the medium and lower level of TDE and average intellectual capacity/below average in Raven matrices. Conclusion: LUTD may negatively affect family and social relationships, school performance and QoL of children with the dysfunction.

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Objetivo: Relacionar a auto-eficácia metacognitiva com o golpe Ground and Pound de atletas de MMA. Método: Realizou um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, onde participaram deste estudo todos os 10 atletas de MMA do sexo masculino da Senna Academia de Lutas, com média de idade de 19.07±5.93 e peso de 67.05±3.68. Resultados: Foi identificado um índice de correlação de Pearson de r=0.96, evidenciando-se um p<0.001. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que existe uma ótima correlação da auto-eficácia metacognitiva com a correta execução do golpe Ground and Pound dos atletas de MMA.

Objective: Relate the metacognitive self-efficacy with the coup Ground and Pound MMA athletes. Methods: Conducted a quantitative study, descriptive, which in this study all 10 male MMA athletes Senna Fights Academy, with a mean age of 19.07 ± 5.93 and 67.05 ± 3.68 Weight. Results: One Pearson's correlation coefficient was identified r=0.96, showing a p<0.001. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a great correlation between self-efficacy metacognitive with the correct execution of the coup Ground and Pound of MMA athletes.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os conceitos de David Ausubel e a sua interferência na aprendizagem enquanto construção cognitiva, no campo da Psicopedagogia. O método utilizado no presente estudo foi a Pesquisa Qualitativa Explicativa, com visão interpretativa e crítica, tanto dos fatores como dos autores pesquisados. Dentre os resultados obtidos é possível informar que, a ação psicopedagógica tem maior sucesso com a prática da pesquisa continuada. A pesquisa oferece uma reflexão sobre o referencial teórico, a fim de trazer benefícios para a prática profissional psicopedagógica. Conclui-se que, para Ausubel, o sujeito já tem uma história, sendo esta a base para uma aprendizagem significativa. O profissional deve estar atento ao fazer intervenção, levando em consideração a formação da estrutura cognitiva do indivíduo, trazendo importantes contribuições para diversas áreas do conhecimento, principalmente, para o campo da Psicopedagogia.

The research aimed to understand the concepts of David Ausubel and his interference in learning as cognitive construction in the field of educational psychology. The method used in this study was the Explanatory Qualitative Research with both interpretive and critical view of the factors as to the authors surveyed. Among the results we got it can be informed that the psycho-pedagogical action is most successful with the practice of continued research. The research offers a reflection on the theoretical framework in order to bring benefits to the psychology educational professional practice. We conclude that to Ausubel, the person has already a story, which is the basis for meaningful learning. The physician must be attentive when making an intervention, taking into account the formation of the cognitive structure of the individual, bringing important contributions to many areas of knowledge, particularly to the field of educational Psychology.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os conceitos de David Ausubel e a sua interferência na aprendizagem enquanto construção cognitiva, no campo da Psicopedagogia. O método utilizado no presente estudo foi a Pesquisa Qualitativa Explicativa, com visão interpretativa e crítica, tanto dos fatores como dos autores pesquisados. Dentre os resultados obtidos é possível informar que, a ação psicopedagógica tem maior sucesso com a prática da pesquisa continuada. A pesquisa oferece uma reflexão sobre o referencial teórico, a fim de trazer benefícios para a prática profissional psicopedagógica. Conclui-se que, para Ausubel, o sujeito já tem uma história, sendo esta a base para uma aprendizagem significativa. O profissional deve estar atento ao fazer intervenção, levando em consideração a formação da estrutura cognitiva do indivíduo, trazendo importantes contribuições para diversas áreas do conhecimento, principalmente, para o campo da Psicopedagogia.(AU)

The research aimed to understand the concepts of David Ausubel and his interference in learning as cognitive construction in the field of educational psychology. The method used in this study was the Explanatory Qualitative Research with both interpretive and critical view of the factors as to the authors surveyed. Among the results we got it can be informed that the psycho-pedagogical action is most successful with the practice of continued research. The research offers a reflection on the theoretical framework in order to bring benefits to the psychology educational professional practice. We conclude that to Ausubel, the person has already a story, which is the basis for meaningful learning. The physician must be attentive when making an intervention, taking into account the formation of the cognitive structure of the individual, bringing important contributions to many areas of knowledge, particularly to the field of educational Psychology.(AU)

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