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Brazil was hit with four consecutive waves of COVID-19 until 2022 due to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (B.1 lineage), followed by the emergence of variants/subvariants. Relative risks of adverse outcomes for COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the four waves were evaluated. Data were extracted from the largest Brazilian database (SIVEP-Gripe), and COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized during the peak of each of the four waves (15-week intervals) were included in this study. The outcomes of in-hospital death, invasive (IMV) and non-invasive (NIV) ventilation requirements, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were analyzed to estimate the relative risks. A higher risk of in-hospital death was found during the second wave for all age groups, but a significant reduction was observed in the risk of death for the elderly during the third and fourth waves compared to patients in the first wave. There was an increased risk of IMV requirement and ICU admissions during the second wave for patients aged 18-59 years old compared to the first wave. Relative risk analysis showed that booster-vaccinated individuals have lower risks of in-hospital death and IMV requirement in all age groups compared to unvaccinated/partially vaccinated patients, demonstrating the relevance of full/booster vaccination in reducing adverse outcomes for patients who were hospitalized during the variant prevalence.
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COVID-19 , Vacinas , Idoso , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Brasil/epidemiologia , Mortalidade HospitalarRESUMO
Background: Knowledge regarding the risks associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in pregnancy has relied on individual studies with relatively small sample sizes and variable risk estimates of adverse outcomes, or on surveillance or routinely collected data. Using data from the Zika Brazilian Cohorts Consortium, this study aims, to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes among offspring of women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy and to explore heterogeneity between studies. Methods: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of the offspring of 1548 pregnant women from 13 studies, using one and two-stage meta-analyses to estimate the absolute risks. Findings: Of the 1548 ZIKV-exposed pregnancies, the risk of miscarriage was 0.9%, while the risk of stillbirth was 0.3%. Among the pregnancies with liveborn children, the risk of prematurity was 10,5%, the risk of low birth weight was 7.7, and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) was 16.2%. For other abnormalities, the absolute risks were: 2.6% for microcephaly at birth or first evaluation, 4.0% for microcephaly at any time during follow-up, 7.9% for neuroimaging abnormalities, 18.7% for functional neurological abnormalities, 4.0% for ophthalmic abnormalities, 6.4% for auditory abnormalities, 0.6% for arthrogryposis, and 1.5% for dysphagia. This risk was similar in all sites studied and in different socioeconomic conditions, indicating that there are not likely to be other factors modifying this association. Interpretation: This study based on prospectively collected data generates the most robust evidence to date on the risks of congenital ZIKV infections over the early life course. Overall, approximately one-third of liveborn children with prenatal ZIKV exposure presented with at least one abnormality compatible with congenital infection, while the risk to present with at least two abnormalities in combination was less than 1.0%.
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Objectives: To identify factors associated with adverse maternal outcomes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This was a single-centre prospective cohort study at a maternity department in a public general hospital in Rio de Janeiro. All pregnant women evaluated for emergency care, labour and delivery, respiratory symptoms, obstetric reasons or medical reasons between May 2020 and March 2022 at the study institution were invited to enrol in this study. The endpoint was maternal mortality or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Results: In total, 1609 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Of these, 25.5% (n=410) were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or an antigen test. There were 21 deaths and 67 ICU admissions in 4% of the cohort. The incidence of severe maternal morbidity and mortality was higher during the Gamma wave than during the Delta wave (P=0.003). Vaccination conferred protection against the endpoint [relative risk (RR) 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-0.9; P=0.0169]. Factors associated with severe morbidity and mortality included caesarean section (RR 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-7.9; P=0.0008), SARS-CoV-2 infection in the third trimester (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.6; P=0.0006) and comorbidities (RR 3, 95% CI 1.8-5.2; P<0.0001). Conclusions: COVID-19 was significantly associated with the risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Immunization of pregnant women against COVID-19 was highly protective against adverse outcomes, and should be encouraged during pregnancy.
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OBJECTIVES: To compare the risk of severe adverse maternal outcomes (SMO) and neonatal outcomes (SNO) and analyse their maternal correlates in adolescent mother-newborn and young mother-newborn dyads in secondary and tertiary care users in Latin America. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health database in 83 secondary and tertiary hospitals in seven countries in Latin America. We constructed a composite indicator of both SMO and SNO and estimated odds ratios (OR) comparing adolescent mothers (aged 12-19) with young mothers (aged 20-24). Our unit of analysis was the mother-newborn dyad. RESULTS: We found that the combination of SMO and SNO was three times more likely in adolescent mother as compared to young mother dyads (OR 3.56; 95% CI 1.67-7.59). SNO either alone or in combination with SMO were more likely in adolescents aged 12 to 16 than in young women (OR 1.27 and 4.87, respectively). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: Adolescent mothers and their newborns are at an increased risk of severe adverse outcomes during child birth and in the first week postpartum compared to young mother dyads, especially young adolescents. Focusing on the dyad as a whole may facilitate a step towards integrated care which maximizes the health benefits of both mother and newborn. Continued efforts are needed to improve health care and prevention initiatives directed towards adolescent women and their newborns in Latin America.
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Mães Adolescentes , Parto Obstétrico , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , América Latina , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Genital mycoplasmas (GM), such as Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum are commonly associated with spontaneous preterm labor (SPTL), spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study determined the association between GM and such adverse pregnancy outcomes. We searched for studies published 1980-2019 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Studies were eligible when GM was detected during pregnancy. We included 93 and 51 studies in determining the prevalence and the inflammatory biomarkers associated with GM, respectively, using the "metafor" package within R. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42016047297). Women with the studied adverse pregnancy outcomes had significantly higher odds of presence with GM compared to women who delivered at term. For PTB, the odds ratios were: M. hominis (OR: 2.25; CI: 1.35-3.75; I 2: 44%), M. genitalium (OR: 2.04; CIL 1.18-3.53; I 2: 20%), U. parvum (OR: 1.75; CI: 1.47-2.07; I 2: 0%), U. urealyticum (OR: 1.50; CI: 1.08-2.07; I 2: 58%). SPTL had significantly higher odds with M. hominis (OR: 1.96; CI: 1.19-3.23; I 2: 1%) or U. urealyticum (OR: 2.37; CI: 1.20-4.70; I 2: 76%) compared to women without SPTL. Women with PPROM had significantly higher odds with M. hominis (OR: 2.09; CI: 1.42-3.08; I 2: 0%) than women without PPROM. However, our subgroup analysis based on the diagnostic test and the sample used for detecting GM showed a higher prevalence of GM in maternal samples than in fetal samples. GM presence of the cervix and vagina was associated with lower odds of PTB and preterm labor (PTL). In contrast, GM presence in the AF, fetal membrane, and placenta was associated with increased odds of PTB and PTL. However, genital mycoplasmas may not elicit the massive inflammation required to trigger PTB. In conclusion, GM presence in the fetal tissues was associated with significantly increased odds of PTB and PTL.
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The association between impairments in swallowing safety detected via fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and dysphagia complications has been evaluated in small studies that have not allowed obtaining precise estimates of the presence of such an association. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of dysphagia complications associated with the detection of premature spillage, residue, penetration, and aspiration via FEES. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature were carried out. A search strategy was established using terms of controlled and free vocabulary (free text) in the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. The initial search in the databases identified 3545 articles, of which 321 were excluded due to duplication, 3224 were selected for review of titles and abstracts, 45 were selected for full-text review, 37 were excluded for not meeting the selection criteria, and 8 were included for the final analysis, with a total population of 1168 patients. Aspiration increased the risk of pneumonia (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.52-5.80, P = 0.001). The number of studies that have evaluated the relationship of other FEES findings with dysphagia complications was limited (≤ 3). One study found a higher risk of mortality in patients with aspiration (OR 4.08, 95% CI 1.60-10.27, P = 0.003). Another study that evaluated the risk of mortality in a combined group of penetration and aspiration found no higher risk of mortality. Penetration, residue, and premature spillage were not found to be associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, mortality, or other outcomes. Aspiration demonstrated via FEES was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia and mortality. There is insufficient evidence for the capacity of premature spillage, penetration, and residue to predict dysphagia complications.
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Transtornos de Deglutição , Pneumonia , Humanos , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Endoscopia , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Pneumonia/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a marker of poor outcome in mitral stenosis (MS), which improves after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV). However, mechanical interventions for relief of valve obstruction often but not always reduce pulmonary pressures. This study aimed to assess the parameters associated with abnormal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) response immediately after a successful PMV, and also its impact on long-term outcome. METHODS: A total of 181 patients undergoing PMV for rheumatic MS were prospectively enrolled. Invasive hemodynamic and echocardiographic measures were examined in all patients. Abnormal PAP response was defined as the mean PAP (mPAP) values unchanged at the end of the procedure. Long-term outcome was a composite endpoint of death, mitral valve replacement, repeat PMV, new onset of atrial fibrillation (AF), or stroke. RESULTS: The mean age was 44.1 ± 12.6 years, and 157 patients were women (86.7%). In the overall population, mPAP decreased from 33.4 ± 13.1 mmHg pre to 27.6 ± 9.8 mmHg post (p < 0.001). Following PMV, 52 patients (28.7%) did not have any reduction of mPAP immediately after the PMV. Multivariable analysis adjusting for baseline values of PAP and mitral valve area revealed that AF (Odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% [confidence interval] CI 1.3 to 6.7), maximum mitral valve leaflets displacement (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9), and post-procedural left ventricular compliance (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.9) were predictors of a lack of improvement in mPAP. During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, the endpoint was reached in 56 patients (31%). The pulmonary pressure response to PMV was not an independent predictor of long-term events. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with MS undergoing PMV, pulmonary pressures may not reduce immediately after the procedure, despite adequate opening of the valve. Abnormal PAP response can be predicted from baseline clinical and valvular characteristics as well as post-procedural left ventricular compliance. The lack of any immediate reduction in mPAP is not associated with long-term adverse outcomes.
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Valvuloplastia com Balão , Estenose da Valva Mitral , Adulto , Valvuloplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estenose da Valva Mitral/complicações , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Mitral/terapia , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Objective Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by abnormal levels of cytokines and angiogenic factors, playing a role in the disease development. The present study evaluated whether immunological markers are associated with the gestational age and with the disease severity in preeclamptic women. Methods Ninety-five women who developed PE were stratified for gestational age as preterm PE (< 37 weeks) and term PE (≥ 37 weeks of gestation) and compared for disease severity as well as plasma concentration of angiogenic factors and cytokines. The concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Fms-like soluble tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), as well as the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The comparison between preeclamptic groups showed a higher percentage of severe cases in preterm PE (82.1%) than in term PE (35.9%). Similarly, the concentrations of TNF-α, sFlt-1, and sEng, as well as TNF-α/IL-10 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratios were significantly higher in the preterm PE group. In contrast, concentrations of PlGF, VEGF, and IL-10 were significantly lower in women with preterm PE. Negative correlations between TNF-α and IL-10 (r = 0.5232) and between PlGF and sFlt1 (r = 0.4158) were detected in the preterm PE. Conclusion In pregnant women with preterm PE, there is an imbalance between immunological markers, with the predominance of anti-angiogenic factors and TNF-α, associated with adverse maternal clinical outcomes.
Resumo Objetivo A pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é uma síndrome específica da gravidez caracterizada por níveis anormais de citocinas e fatores angiogênicos, que desempenham um papel no desenvolvimento da doença. Este estudo avaliou se os marcadores imunológicos estão associados à idade gestacional e à gravidade da doença em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia. Métodos Noventa e cinco mulheres que desenvolveram PE foram estratificadas pela idade gestacional em PE pré-termo (< 37 semanas) e PE a termo (≥ 37 semanas de gestação) e comparadas quanto à gravidade da doença, bem como à concentração plasmática de fatores angiogênicos e citocinas. As concentrações de fator de crescimento placentário (PlGF), fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), tirosina quinase solúvel semelhante a Fms (sFlt-1) e endoglina solúvel (sEng), bem como as citocinas, fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF- α) e interleucina 10 (IL-10), foram determinados porensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA, na sigla em inglês). Resultados A comparação entre os grupos com pré-eclâmpsia mostrou maior porcentagem de casos graves em PE pré-termo (82,1%) do que em PE a termo (35,9%). Da mesma forma, as concentrações de TNF-α, sFlt-1 e sEng, bem como as razões TNF-α/IL-10 e sFlt-1/PlGF foram significativamente maiores no grupo de PE pré-termo. Em contraste, as concentrações de PlGF, VEGF e IL-10 foram significativamente menores em mulheres com PE pré-termo. Correlações negativas entre TNF-α e IL-10 (r = 0.5232) e entre PlGF e sFlt1 (r = 0.4158) foram detectadas no grupo de PE pré-termo. Conclusão Em gestantes com PE pré-termo, ocorre um desequilíbrio entre os marcadores imunológicos, com predomínio de fatores antiangiogênicos e TNF-α, associados a desfechos clínicos maternos adversos.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Biomarcadores , Antígenos CD , Citocinas , Receptores de Superfície Celular , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Indutores da Angiogênese , Fator de Crescimento PlacentárioRESUMO
Resumen: La colestasis intrahepática del embarazo es el trastorno hepático específico más común durante la gestación; es una condición multifactorial que aparece en mujeres genéticamente susceptibles. Se caracteriza principalmente por prurito palmo-plantar de predominio nocturno, su importancia radica en su considerable morbimortalidad fetal y aunque su tratamiento es sencillo, se debe diagnosticar. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión actualizada y a detalle de la bibliografía nacional e internacional de la etiología, las pruebas diagnósticas, tratamiento, resultados perinatales y su asociación con otras patologías del embarazo. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura publicada en inglés y en español en bases de datos como PubMed / MEDLINE, Ovid, MD Consult, entre otras, utilizando las palabras clave: colestasis intrahepática del embarazo, etiología, diagnóstico, tratamiento, efectos adversos perinatales, preeclampsia, embarazo múltiple. De la información obtenida se seleccionaron 64 artículos, los cuales fueron clasificados y utilizados como soporte para realizar esta revisión. Resultados: Se aporta una actualización en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad para actuar como guía clínica a los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: Esta enfermedad es una entidad importante de diagnosticar para evitar los efectos adversos fetales que implica, la principal limitación es la carencia de determinación de niveles de ácidos biliares séricos en nuestro país, por lo tanto, la sospecha clínica se convierte en la herramienta más factible para su diagnóstico e inicio oportuno de tratamiento.
Abstract: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is the most common specific liver disorder during pregnancy, it is a multifactorial condition that appears in genetically susceptible women and it is mainly characterized by palmoplantar itching predominantly at night. Its importance lies in the considerable fetal morbidity and mortality. Although the treatment is simple, we must know how to make the diagnosis. Objective: To carry out an updated and detailed review of the national and international bibliography of etiology, diagnostic tests, treatment, perinatal results, and their association with other pregnancy pathologies. Methodology: A search of the literature published in English and Spanish was conducted in databases such as PubMed / MEDLINE, Ovid, MD Consult, and others, using the keywords: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, perinatal adverse effects, preeclampsia, tween pregnancy. 64 articles were selected from the obtained, which were classified and used as support to carry out this review. Results: An update regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is provided, to act as a clinical guide for healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This disease is an important entity to diagnose in order to avoid the fetal adverse effects that implies. The main limitation is the lack of determination of serum bile acid levels in our country, therefore, clinical suspicion becomes the most useful tool for diagnosis and early treatment.
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INTRODUCTION: Amniotic fluid (AF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration has been associated to preterm delivery and perinatal morbidity and mortality in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of this biomarker of intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) is still unclear due in part to the paucity of large studies. METHODS: AF IL-6 concentrations were determined in 452 consecutive women with preterm labor and intact membranes, categorized into 3 groups: 302 without IAI (IL-6 of <2.6 ng/mL), 64 with mild IAI (IL-6 of 2.6-11.2 ng/mL), and 86 with severe IAI (IL-6 of ≥11.3 ng/mL). RESULTS: The severe IAI group had a short pregnancy duration from amniocentesis to delivery (median 3 days) than in without IAI group (median 45 days); meanwhile, the mild IAI group had a latency that was intermediate to the severe and without IAI groups (median 9.5 days). As compared to women without IAI, women with mild and severe IAI had higher rates of preterm delivery at both <34 and <37 weeks of gestation and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the risk of various individual adverse outcomes (short latency from amniocentesis to delivery [at ≤3 days, ≤7 days, and ≤14 days], preterm delivery at both <34 and <37 weeks of gestation, histologic chorioamnionitis, respiratory distress syndrome, and congenital sepsis) was higher in women with severe IAI (OR ≥ 2.8), compared with women without IAI. CONCLUSIONS: AF IL-6 concentrations appear to be suitable marker to assess the degree of IAI and are associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes.
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Corioamnionite , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro , Líquido Amniótico , Biomarcadores , Corioamnionite/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Interleucina-6 , GravidezRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: El delírium es un síndrome neuropsiquiátrico de etiología multifactorial que se presenta de forma frecuente en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. En Santander no hay estudios que describan su incidencia y factores epidemiológicos asociados. Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de delírium, características clínicas según el tipo, mortalidad a 30 días de hospitalización y complicaciones asociadas al delírium, en pacientes adultos mayores de 65 años hospitalizados en un departamento del nororiente colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes ≥ 65 años hospitalizados en sala general de la Clínica FOSCAL. Se excluyeron pacientes con delírium al ingreso, hospitalizados en unidad de cuidado crítico, intubación orotraqueal, Glasgow <8/15 y con limitación para evaluar el delírium de forma adecuada. Resultados: De 492 pacientes hospitalizados con edad promedio de 75 años, la incidencia acumulada fue de 9,3%; con mayor porcentaje en mujeres (63%) y en ≥ 85 años (31,5%). Se evidenció una asociación con mayor estancia hospitalaria (11.0 vs 7.1 días, p <0.05), un mayor deterioro funcional evaluado por escala Barthel y riesgo de mortalidad (HR:2.9 IC95%: 2.1-3.4). El sexo masculino, el estado cognitivo normal, índice de Barthel ≥ 60 y estado nutricional normal fueron factores protectores. Conclusiones: La incidencia de delirium en la población del oriente colombiano tuvo una incidencia similar que a nivel mundial. Se asoció con mayor estancia hospitalaria, declinación funcional y mortalidad. Aplicando escalas de tamizado cognitivo, funcional y nutricional se podrían identificar los pacientes con mayor vulnerabilidad para desarrollo de delirium. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1):9-17.
Abstract Introduction: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome of multifactorial etiology that occurs frequently in hospitalized older adults. There are no studies describing the incidence of delirium in Santander and its associated epidemiological factors. Objective: To assess the incidence of delirium, clinical characteristics according to type, mortality after 30 days of hospitalization and complications associated with delirium, in adult patients over 65 years hospitalized in a department in Colombian northeast. Materials and Methods: We included all hospitalized patients ≥ 65 years. We excluded patients with delirium on admission, those hospitalized in intensive care unit, with orotracheal intubation, Glasgow < 8/15, or with factors limiting the ability to assess delirium. Results: 492 hospitalized patients with an average age of 75 years were analyzed. The cumulative incidence of delirium was 9.3%. Of these patients there was a higher percentage of women (63%) and adults ≥ 85 years (31.5%). The greatest association was related to longer hospital stay (11.0 vs 7.1 days, p <0.05), functional impairment evaluated by Barthel scale, and increased risk of mortality (HR:2.9 IC95%: 2.1-3.4). Male sex, normal cognitive status, Barthel index ≥ 60 and normal nutritional status were protective factors. Conclusions: The incidence of delirium in the population of eastern Colombia was similar to the incidence worldwide. Delirium was associated with longer hospital stay, functional decline, and mortality. Applying cognitive, functional, and nutritional screening scales, it would be possible to identify patients with greater vulnerability to delirium development. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1):9-17.
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Humanos , Idoso , Delírio , Idoso , Incidência , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analizar si los casos positivos de cribado combinado de trisomía 21 (t21) o trisomía 18 (t18) en ausencia de aneuploidía (falsos positivos- FP) se relacionan con complicaciones de la gestación, ajustando por factores demográficos y clínicos de riesgo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte de pacientes que acudieron para cribado del primer trimestre. Los casos fueron las pacientes con FP de riesgo combinado de t21 superior a 1/270 o riesgo de t18 superior a 1/100. Se consideraron complicaciones de la gestación: óbito fetal, parto prematuro menor de 34 semanas o prematuro menor de 37 semanas, preeclampsia, retrasos de crecimiento, pequeño para la edad gestacional (CIR, PEG) y diabetes gestacional (DG). Se ajustó por obesidad, edad, paridad, tabaquismo, y técnicas de reproducción asistida. RESULTADO: Se obtuvieron 204 casos de FP, 149 FP para trisomía 21, 41 para trisomía 18, y 14 FP para ambos riesgos. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa de FP t21 con óbito fetal (OR=3,5; ic95% 1,4-8,7; p=0,01), parto prematuro menor de 37 semanas (OR=2,2; IC95% 1,4-3,4; p=0,001), preeclampsia (OR =2,6; IC95% 1,17-6,1; p=0,02), PEG (OR =2,2; IC95% 1,2-4,1; p=0,02), CIR (OR=2,8; IC95% 1,6-5,1; p=0,001), y DG (OR=2,1; IC95% 1,2-3,7; p=0,01). Los FP t18 se asociaron con óbito (OR=8,9; IC95% 2,9-27; p=0,002). CONCLUSIÓN: Los FP del cribado del primer trimestre, para trisomía 21 y trisomía 18, se asocian con resultados obstétricos adversos.
We have studied whether positive cases of combined trisomy 21 (t21) or 18 (t18) screening in the absence of aneuploidy (false positives -FP-) are related to pregnancy complications adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study nested in a cohort of patients who came for first trimester aneuploidy screening. The cases were patients with FP combined risk of t21 (greater than 1/270) or t18 risk (greater than 1/100). The control group was a sample of patients with low-risk screening. We considered pregnancy complications: stillbirth, premature delivery before 34 and 37 weeks, preeclampsia, growth retardation, small for gestational age (FGR, SGA), and gestational diabetes (GD). Or were adjusted for obesity, age, parity, smoking, and assisted reproduction techniques. RESULTS: 204 cases of FP were obtained, 149 FP for trisomy 21, 41 for trisomy 18, and 14 FP for both risks. A statistically significant association between t21 FP was found with stillbirth (OR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.4-8.7; p = 0.01), preterm delivery less than 37 weeks (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.4; p = 0.001), preeclampsia (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.17-6.1; p = 0.02), SGA (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1, 2-4.1; p = 0.02), FGR (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.6-5.1; p = 0.001), and GD (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.2 −3.7; p = 0.01). FP t18s were associated with fetal loss (OR= 8.9 (95% CI 2.9-27) p = 0.002. CONCLUSION: FP from first trimester screening for t21 and t18 are associated with adverse obstetric outcomes.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Trissomía do Cromossomo 18/diagnóstico , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Trissomia/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Programas de Rastreamento , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Síndrome da Trissomía do Cromossomo 18/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate technical success and safety of percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants ≤1.5 kg. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Data sources included Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PubMed from inception to April 2020. Publications were included if they had a clear definition of the intervention as percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants ≤1.5 kg. Data extraction was independently performed by multiple observers. Primary outcome was technical success and secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs). Subgroup analysis was performed in infants ≤6.0 kg. Data were pooled by using a random-effects model. RESULTS: We included 28 studies, including 373 infants ≤1.5 kg and 69 studies enrolling 1794 infants ≤6.0 kg. In patients ≤1.5 kg, technical success was 96% (95% CI, 93%-98%; P = .16; I2 = 23%). The overall incidence of AE was 27% (95% CI, 17%-38%; P < .001; I2 = 70%) and major AEs was 8% (95% CI, 5%-10%; P = .63; I2 = 0%). There were 5 deaths related to the procedure (2%; 95% CI, 1%-4%; P = .99; I2 = 0%); 4 of these deaths occurred in infants <0.8 kg. The probability of technical failure was inversely related to age at the time of the procedure (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.830-0.974; P = .009). Weight at intervention has decreased over time and procedural success has increased. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure is feasible in infants ≤1.5 kg with few major AEs. The procedural success rate is high, despite performing the intervention in smaller patients. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42020145230.
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Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/terapia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/mortalidade , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To define the prevalence of adverse outcomes of maternal infection in a large cohort of ZIKV-infected Brazilian women and their infants. DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: Ribeirão Preto's region's private and public health facilities. POPULATION: Symptomatic ZIKV-infected mothers and their infants. METHODS: Prenatal/early neonatal data were obtained for all mother-child pairs. A subgroup of infants had cranial ultrasonography, eye fundoscopy, hearing and neurological examinations and Bayley III screening tests within 3 months of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of pregnancy losses and anomalies detected at birth or within 3 months according to the gestational age of infection. RESULTS: Overall, 511 ZIKV-infected women were identified from a total of 1116 symptomatic women; as there were two twins, there were a total of 513 fetuses included. Of these, 13 (2.5%; 95% CI 1.5-4.3) presented with major signs of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Of the 511 women, there were 489 livebirths and 24 (4.7%) pregnancy losses (20 miscarriages and four stillbirths). ZIKV-related anomalies occurred in the offspring of 42/511 (8.2%) mothers. Microcephaly or other CNS malformations were diagnosed in 1/4 (25.0%) stillbirths and in 19/489 (3.9%; 95% CI 2.5-5.9) of the liveborn infants. Fetal abnormalities were 14.0 (95% CI 7.6-26.0) times more likely with gestational infection occurring in ≤11 weeks. On follow up of 280 asymptomatic infants, 2/155 (1.3%) had eye abnormalities, 1/207 (0.5%) had CNS imaging findings and 16/199 (8%) presented neurological alert signs. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective population-based study represents the largest Brazilian cohort study of ZIKV in pregnancy. Congenital anomalies potentially associated with CZS are less frequent than previously thought. There is a strong association between the gestational age of infection (≤11 weeks) and a poorer early infant prognosis. A notable proportion of apparently asymptomatic newborns can present with subclinical findings within 3 months of age. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: ZIKV and pregnancy: adverse outcomes are less common, more prevalent for first-trimester infections, and potentially subclinical.
Assuntos
Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Resultado da Gravidez , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnósticoRESUMO
Recent revolutionary advances at the intersection of medicine, omics, data sciences, computing, epidemiology, and related technologies inspire us to ponder their impact on health. Their potential impact is particularly germane to the biology of pregnancy and perinatal medicine, where limited improvement in health outcomes for women and children has remained a global challenge. We assembled a group of experts to establish a Pregnancy Think Tank to discuss a broad spectrum of major gestational disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes that affect maternal-infant lifelong health and should serve as targets for leveraging the many recent advances. This report reflects avenues for future effects that hold great potential in 3 major areas: developmental genomics, including the application of methodologies designed to bridge genotypes, physiology, and diseases, addressing vexing questions in early human development; gestational physiology, from immune tolerance to growth and the timing of parturition; and personalized and population medicine, focusing on amalgamating health record data and deep phenotypes to create broad knowledge that can be integrated into healthcare systems and drive discovery to address pregnancy-related disease and promote general health. We propose a series of questions reflecting development, systems biology, diseases, clinical approaches and tools, and population health, and a call for scientific action. Clearly, transdisciplinary science must advance and accelerate to address adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disciplines not traditionally involved in the reproductive sciences, such as computer science, engineering, mathematics, and pharmacology, should be engaged at the study design phase to optimize the information gathered and to identify and further evaluate potentially actionable therapeutic targets. Information sources should include noninvasive personalized sensors and monitors, alongside instructive "liquid biopsies" for noninvasive pregnancy assessment. Future research should also address the diversity of human cohorts in terms of geography, racial and ethnic distributions, and social and health disparities. Modern technologies, for both data-gathering and data-analyzing, make this possible at a scale that was previously unachievable. Finally, the psychosocial and economic environment in which pregnancy takes place must be considered to promote the health and wellness of communities worldwide.
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Promoção da Saúde/tendências , Resultado da Gravidez , Economia , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/genética , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Humanos , Assistência Perinatal , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/etnologia , Complicações na Gravidez/genética , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez/genética , PsicologiaRESUMO
Introdução: A pré-eclâmpsia (PE), especialmente em sua forma precoce (antes de 34 semanas), é uma das causas mais importantes de morbimortalidade materna e perinatal no mundo. Assim, é essencial o desenvolvimento de métodos objetivos de predição do risco de eventos adversos, que permitam o direcionamento da abordagem dessas pacientes, garantindo melhor prognóstico. Objetivos: Avaliar um marcador clínico e alguns marcadores laboratoriais como potenciais preditores de desfechos adversos em mulheres portadoras de PE precoce com critérios de gravidade. Pacientes e métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de 97 pacientes com PE precoce com critérios de gravidade, com parto entre 01/01/2014 e 31/12/2017 no Hospital Universitário Risoleta Tolentino Neves, em Belo Horizonte. A partir desse banco de dados, foram construídas curvas de Características de Operação do Receptor (curvas ROC), relacionando Pressão Arterial Média (PAM), Contagem plaquetária, Creatinina sérica e níveis de Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST) com complicações maternas e neonatais. Resultados: Das variáveis avaliadas, apenas a contagem de plaquetas apresentou área sob a curva (Area Under the Curve - AUC) com significância para predição de complicações neonatais. Já para predição de complicações maternas, AST e contagem de plaquetas tiveram AUC com significância. Os demais marcadores não apresentaram bom desempenho para serem usados na predição de desfechos adversos maternos ou neonatais. Conclusão: O estudo atual permite concluir que a AST e a contagem plaquetária podem ser potenciais marcadores do risco de complicações em pacientes com PE precoce com critérios de gravidade.
Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is still one of the most important causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in the word, especially when its early manifestations (before 34 weeks) are considered. Therefore, it is essential to focus on developing objective methods to predict the risk of adverse outcomes in this patients. This enables an individualized clinical approach, potentially assuring better prognosis. Objectives: Evaluate a clinical and some laboratorial markers as potential predictors of adverse outcomes in women with early and severe PE. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of charts was conducted, selecting 97 patients with early and severe PE who gave birth under 34 weeks, between 01/01/2014 and 31/12/2017 in Risoleta Tolentino Neves Hospital, in Belo Horizonte. Using the data collected, Reciever Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves were developed, relating Medium Arterial Pressure, platelet count, serum creatinin levels, and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) levels with maternal adverse outcomes and neonatal adverse outcomes. Results: Amongst evaluated variables, only platelet count presented an Area Under The Curve (AUC) significant enough to predict neonatal complications. For predicting maternal adverse outcomes, AST and platelet count had a significant AUC. However, the other markers did not demonstrate a good performance as predictors of adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: The present study shows that AST and platelet count can be used as potential markers of the risk of complications in patients with early and severe PE.
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Humanos , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Complicações na Gravidez , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Previsões , Prognóstico , Saúde da Mulher , Dissertação AcadêmicaRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivos Calcular a prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal em grávidas de baixo risco, no termo da gestação, avaliar seus preditores e desfechos materno-fetais. Para tal, avaliar-se-á a aplicabilidade da Escala de Rastreio de Depressão Pós-Parto (PDSS 24) nessa fase da gravidez. Métodos A PDSS 24 e um questionário sociodemográfico, psicossocial e médico (antecedentes obstétricos e patológicos) foram autoaplicados a 403 grávidas (37-40 semanas de gestação), com idade média de 30,5 anos (DP = 4,67). Por meio do processo clínico, foram recolhidos dados de resultados materno-fetais. Resultados A PDSS 24 possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas para a deteção de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal. A prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal foi de 41,7%. Grávidas com níveis de escolaridade inferiores, não casadas, cuja gravidez não foi planejada e com antecedentes de acontecimentos de vida significativos apresentam risco duas vezes superior de sintomatologia depressiva no período pré-natal. Grávidas cujo apoio social percebido ao longo da gravidez não correspondeu ao desejado e com história prévia de depressão apresentam cerca de três vezes maior risco sintomatologia depressiva no período pré-natal. Para desfechos materno-fetais (pré-eclâmpsia, restrição de crescimento fetal, Apgar 1º/5º minuto, tipo de parto, percentil de peso, oligoâminos e necessidade de cuidados intensivos), as diferenças foram não significativas. Conclusão O rastreio da depressão pré-natal deve ser realizado na gravidez. Porém, no termo da gestação o uso da PDSS 24 como ferramenta de deteção de sintomatologia depressiva deve ser feito com cautela. A elevada prevalência de sintomas relacionados com o sono nessa fase da gestação pode conduzir ao sobre diagnóstico, usando a PDSS 24.
ABSTRACT Objectives The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in full-term pregnancy (low risk), evaluate their predictors and maternal-fetal outcomes. To this end, the applicability of Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS 24) will be evaluated, at full-term pregnancy. Methods PDSS 24 and a sociodemographic, psychosocial, pathological and obstetrical background questionnaire were self-administered to 403 pregnant women (37-40 weeks gestation), with a mean age of 30.5 years (SD = 4.67). Data from maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes were collected from the patient clinical process. Results PDSS 24 revealed adequate psychometric properties to screening depressive symptomatology in full-term pregnancy. The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was 41.7%. Pregnant women with lower study levels, who weren't married, whose pregnancy was unplanned and with a previous history of significant life events present twice the risk to present depressive symptomatology. Pregnant women who hadn't received the desired social support in pregnancy and with a history of depression present about a 3-fold increased risk to present depressive symptomatology. For maternal-fetal outcomes (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, Apgar score at 1st/5th minute, type of delivery, weight percentile, oligohydramnios and need for neonatal intensive care), the differences were not significant. Conclusion Screening for prenatal depression should be conducted during pregnancy. However, in full-term pregnancy women, the use of PDSS 24 as a screening tool for depressive symptomatology should be done with caution. The high prevalence of sleep-related symptoms, in full-term pregnancy, may lead to overdiagnosis, using PDSS 24.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) pregnancies are at high risk of developing adverse outcomes. In non-pregnant subjects with CKD, higher urinary IgM levels are associated with poor renal survival and higher rates of cardiovascular deaths. In this study, we assessed whether urinary IgM levels are associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) in CKD pregnancies. METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study within a cohort of CKD patients with singleton pregnancies attended at a tertiary care hospital. The study included 90 CKD patients who eventually developed one or more APO and 77 CKD patients who did not. Urinary IgM excretion was determined from the 24-h urine samples at enrollment by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The risk for combined APO and for preeclampsia (PE) was higher among women with urinary IgM and proteinuria levels values in the highest quartile or with CKD stages 4-5 (odds ratios, OR ≥ 2.9), compared with the lowest quartile or with CKD stage 1. Urinary IgM levels were more closely associated with the risk of either combined or specific APO (PE, preterm birth, and for having a small-for-gestational-age infant; OR ≥ 5.9) than either the degree of total proteinuria or CKD stages. Among patients with CKD stage 1, the risk of combined APO, PE, and preterm birth was higher in women with urinary IgM levels values in the highest quartile (OR ≥ 4.8), compared with the three lower quartiles, independently of proteinuria. CONCLUSION: In CKD pregnancies, at the time of initial evaluation, proteinuria and CKD stage are associated with increased risk of combined APO. However, urinary IgM concentrations appear to be better predictors of an adverse outcome and may be useful for risk stratification in CKD pregnancies.
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Imunoglobulina M/urina , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Proteinúria/diagnóstico , Eliminação Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Adulto , Biomarcadores/urina , Peso ao Nascer , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/etiologia , Proteinúria/etiologia , Proteinúria/urina , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/urina , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Urinálise , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The spread of Zika virus to the Americas was accompanied by surge in the number of infants with CNS abnormalities leading to a declaration of a health emergency by the WHO. This was accompanied by significant responses from governmental health agencies in the United States and Europe that resulted in significant new information described in the natural history of this perinatal infection in a very short period of time. Although much has been learned about Zika virus infection during pregnancy, limitations of current diagnostics and the challenges for accurate serologic diagnosis of acute Zika virus infection has restricted our understanding of the natural history of this perinatal infection to infants born to women with clinical disease during pregnancy and to Zika exposed infants with obvious clinical stigmata of disease. Thus, the spectrum of disease in infants exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy remains to be defined. In contrast, observations in informative animal models of Zika virus infections have provided rational pathways for vaccine development and existing antiviral drug development programs for other flaviviruses have resulted in accelerated development for potential antiviral therapies. This brief review will highlight some of the current concepts of the natural history of Zika virus during pregnancy.
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Encefalopatias/epidemiologia , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/congênito , Animais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Vacinas Virais/uso terapêutico , Zika virus/imunologia , Infecção por Zika virus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Comparison of frailty instruments in low-middle income countries, where the prevalence of frailty may be higher, is scarce. In addition, less complex diagnostic tools for frailty are important in these settings, especially in acutely ill patients, because of limited time and economic resources. We aimed to compare the performance of 3 frailty instruments for predicting adverse outcomes after 1 year of follow-up in older adults with an acute event or a chronic decompensated disease. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Geriatric day hospital (GDH) specializing in acute care. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 534 patients (mean age 79.6 ± 8.4 years, 63% female, 64% white) admitted to the GDH. MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was assessed using the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) criteria, the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture (SOF) criteria, and the FRAIL (fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight) questionnaire. Monthly phone contacts were performed over the course of the first year to detect the following outcomes: incident disability, hospitalization, fall, and death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to evaluate the association of the outcomes with frailty as defined by the 3 instruments. In addition, we compared the accuracy of these instruments for predicting the outcomes. RESULTS: Prevalence of frailty ranged from 37% (using FRAIL) to 51% (using CHS). After 1 year of follow-up, disability occurred in 33% of the sample, hospitalization in 40%, fall in 44%, and death in 16%. Frailty, as defined by the 3 instruments was associated with all outcomes, whereas prefrailty was associated with disability, using the SOF and FRAIL instruments, and with hospitalization using the CHS and SOF instruments. The accuracy of frailty to predict different outcomes was poor to moderate with area under the curve varying from 0.57 (for fall, with frailty defined by SOF and FRAIL) to 0.69 (for disability, with frailty defined by CHS). CONCLUSIONS: In acutely ill patients from a low-middle income country GDH acute care unit, the CHS, SOF, and FRAIL instruments showed similar performance in predicting adverse outcomes.