RESUMO
Cancer develops in a multi-step process where environmental carcinogenic exposure is a primary etiological component, and where cell-cell communication governs the biological activities of tissues. Identifying the molecular genes that regulate this process is essential to targeting metastatic breast cancer. Ionizing radiation can modify and damage DNA, RNA, and cell membrane components such as lipids and proteins by direct ionization. Comparing differential gene expression can help to determine the effect of radiation and estrogens on cell adhesion. An in vitro experimental breast cancer model was developed by exposure of the immortalized human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10F to low doses of high linear energy transfer α particle radiation and subsequent growth in the presence of 17ß-estradiol. The MCF-10F cell line was analyzed in different stages of transformation that showed gradual phenotypic changes including altered morphology, increase in cell proliferation relative to the control, anchorage-independent growth, and invasive capability before becoming tumorigenic in nude mice. This model was used to determine genes associated with cell adhesion and communication such as E-cadherin, the desmocollin 3, the gap junction protein alpha 1, the Integrin alpha 6, the Integrin beta 6, the Keratin 14, Keratin 16, Keratin 17, Keratin 6B, and the laminin beta 3. Results indicated that most genes had greater expression in the tumorigenic cell line Tumor2 derived from the athymic animal than the Alpha3, a non-tumorigenic cell line exposed only to radiation, indicating that altered expression levels of adhesion molecules depended on estrogen. There is a significant need for experimental model systems that facilitate the study of cell plasticity to assess the importance of estrogens in modulating the biology of cancer cells.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Queratina-14 , Queratina-16 , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Camundongos Nus , Desmocolinas , Queratina-17 , Queratina-6 , Laminina , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Radiação Ionizante , Moléculas de Adesão Celular , Estradiol/farmacologia , Caderinas/genética , RNA , Conexinas , Lipídeos , DNA , Adesão CelularRESUMO
Abstract Background The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in Brazil with the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives, despite the prohibition by the current legislation. Objective To identify changes in hair shaft and scalp caused by the use of chemical straighteners. Methods A search was performed using keywords in three databases from 03/16/2020 to 05/20/2020, with publications between the years 2000 to 2020. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected for review. Results In some studies, hair relaxers were associated with eczema, desquamation, pain, burns, and inflammation in the scalp. Hair loss, damage to the shaft, alteration in the color of the hairs and in the composition of their amino acids were observed. Findings are variable across the studies. Study limitations The search was restricted to three databases, in two languages, different study designs were accepted. Conclusions Straightening techniques can have side effects, including scalp inflammation, damage to the shaft, and hair loss. Its long-term effects remain unknown and further studies are necessary.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in Brazil with the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives, despite the prohibition by the current legislation. OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in hair shaft and scalp caused by the use of chemical straighteners. METHODS: A search was performed using keywords in three databases from 03/16/2020 to 05/20/2020, with publications between the years 2000 to 2020. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected for review. RESULTS: In some studies, hair relaxers were associated with eczema, desquamation, pain, burns, and inflammation in the scalp. Hair loss, damage to the shaft, alteration in the color of the hairs and in the composition of their amino acids were observed. Findings are variable across the studies. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The search was restricted to three databases, in two languages, different study designs were accepted. CONCLUSIONS: Straightening techniques can have side effects, including scalp inflammation, damage to the shaft, and hair loss. Its long-term effects remain unknown and further studies are necessary.
Assuntos
Eczema , Couro Cabeludo , Alopecia/induzido quimicamente , Alopecia/metabolismo , Brasil , Cabelo , HumanosRESUMO
The proteomic analysis of hairs, yarns or textiles has emerged as a powerful method to determine species of origin, mainly used in archaeozoological research and fraud control. Differentiation between the South American camelid (SAC) species (the wild guanaco and vicuña and their respective domesticates the llama and alpaca) is particularly challenging due to poor database information and significant hybridization between species. In this study, we analysed 41 modern and 4 archaeological samples from the four SACs species. Despite strong similarities with Old World Camelidae, we identified 7 peptides specific to SACs assigned to keratin K86 and the keratin-associated proteins KAP13-1 and KAP11-1. Untargeted multivariate analysis of the LC-MS data permitted to distinguish SAC species and propose discriminant features. MS/MS-based molecular networking combined with database-assisted de novo sequencing permitted to identify 5 new taxonomic peptides assigned to K33a, K81 and/or K83 keratins and KAP19-1. These peptides differentiate the two wild species, guanaco and vicuña. These results show the value of combining database search and untargeted metabolomic approaches for paleoproteomics, and reveal for the first time the potential of molecular networks to highlight deamidation related to diagenesis and cluster highly similar peptides related to interchain homologies or intra- or inter-specific polymorphism. SIGNIFICANCE: This study used an innovative approach combining multivariate analysis of LC-MS data together with molecular networking and database-assisted de novo sequencing to identify taxonomic peptides in palaeoproteomics. It constitutes the first attempt to differentiate between hair fibres from the four South American camelids (SACs) based on proteomic analysis of modern and archaeological samples. It provides different proteomic signatures for each of the four SAC species and proposes new SAC taxonomic peptides of interest in archaeozoology and fraud control. SACs have been extensively exploited since human colonization of South America but have not been studied to the extent of their economic, cultural and heritage importance. Applied to the analysis of ancient Andean textiles, our results should permit a better understanding of cultural and pastoral practices in South America. The wild SACs are endangered by poaching and black-market sale of their fibre. For the first time, our results provide discriminant features for the determination of species of origin of contraband fibre.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos , Cabelo , Proteômica , Animais , Análise Multivariada , América do Sul , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the process of primary gingival keratinocytes culture obtained from normal human gingiva modifies the expression of keratins (K) 10, K14, and K19. DESIGN: Human gingival fragments were collected from healthy individuals in the same oral site. One part of the samples underwent an immunohistochemistry assay for K10, K14, and K19. The labeling in the epithelium was quantified using a semiautomated method. Another part was used for primary gingival keratinocytes isolation and growth in two-dimensional culture. These cells were also stained for K10, K14, and K19 using immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. Positive cells were counted, and the nuclei and cytoplasmatic labeling areas were quantified. RESULTS: In the gingival tissue, a higher expression was found for K14 versus K10 (pâ¯<â¯0.001); K19 was negative in all samples. In gingival keratinocytes culture, K14 (89.6 %) had the highest expression with significant differences in relation to K10 (76.9 %, pâ¯<â¯0.01) and K19 (9.9 %, pâ¯<â¯0.01). The cells positive for K14 exhibited larger nuclei in comparison with K10 (pâ¯<â¯0.05) and K19 (pâ¯<â¯0.05), suggesting a more undifferentiated phenotype. K19 cells showed the largest cytoplasmatic labeling in relation to K10- (pâ¯<â¯0.05) and K14-positive (pâ¯<â¯0.05) cells. CONCLUSION: The process of growth in culture of gingival keratinocytes maintained the expression pattern of K10 and K14 observed in gingival tissues. However, this method induces the expression of K19, suggesting a potential transformation of the keratin network presented in the gingival keratinocytes during the formation of a monolayer in vitro. This reflects the dynamics of cell differentiation.
Assuntos
Gengiva/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Queratinas/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Epitélio , Gengiva/citologia , Humanos , Queratina-14RESUMO
Abstract Background: The hair follicle is a unique structure, one of the most dynamic structures in mammalians, which can reproduce in every new cycle all the mechanism involved in its fetal development. Although a lot of research has been made about the human hair follicle much less has been discovered about the importance of the cytokeratins (CKs) in its development. Objective: Study the immunohistochemical pattern of epithelial CKs during human hair follicle development. Methods: We performed an immunohistochemical study using fresh post-mortem skin biopsies of human fetuses between 4 and 25 weeks of gestational age to study the expression of cytokeratins (CKs): CK1, CK10, CK13, CK14, CK16 and CK20 during human hair follicle fetal development. Study limitations: Restrospective study with a good number of makers but with a small population. Results/conclusion: We found that, the CKs were expressed in an intermediate time during follicular development. The epithelial CKs (CK1, CK14, CK10, CK13) and the epithelial CKs with a proliferative character such as CK16 were expressed first, as markers of cellular maturation and follicular keratinization. At a later phase, CK20 was expressed in more developed primitive hair follicles as previously discussed in literature.
Assuntos
Folículo Piloso/cirurgia , Folículo Piloso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Queratinas Específicas do Cabelo/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Etários , Idade Gestacional , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Anticorpos Monoclonais/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The hair follicle is a unique structure, one of the most dynamic structures in mammalians, which can reproduce in every new cycle all the mechanism involved in its fetal development. Although a lot of research has been made about the human hair follicle much less has been discovered about the importance of the cytokeratins (CKs) in its development. OBJECTIVE: Study the immunohistochemical pattern of epithelial CKs during human hair follicle development. METHODS: We performed an immunohistochemical study using fresh post-mortem skin biopsies of human fetuses between 4 and 25 weeks of gestational age to study the expression of cytokeratins (CKs): CK1, CK10, CK13, CK14, CK16 and CK20 during human hair follicle fetal development. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Restrospective study with a good number of makers but with a small population. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: We found that, the CKs were expressed in an intermediate time during follicular development. The epithelial CKs (CK1, CK14, CK10, CK13) and the epithelial CKs with a proliferative character such as CK16 were expressed first, as markers of cellular maturation and follicular keratinization. At a later phase, CK20 was expressed in more developed primitive hair follicles as previously discussed in literature.
Assuntos
Folículo Piloso/citologia , Folículo Piloso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Queratinas Específicas do Cabelo/análise , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos Monoclonais/análise , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
La acroqueratoelastoidosis de Costa es una rara genodermatosis autosómica dominante con expresividad variable, que se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples pápulas hiperqueratósicas en la zona marginal de las manos, los pies o ambas. Debuta predominantemente en la niñez y vida adulta temprana, es de curso crónico y generalmente asintomática. Su diagnóstico diferencial del resto de las acroqueratodermias es un desafío para el clínico, sin embargo, el hallazgo histológico de elastorrexis nos permite categorizarla. Presentamos un caso esporádico de una paciente joven, con características clínicas e histopatológicas típicas de la enfermedad.
The acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa is a rare genodermatosis of autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity. It is characterized by the presence of multiple hyperkeratotic papules in the marginal zone of the hands and / or feet, which appears predominantly in childhood and early adulthood. It is generally asymptomatic and chronic. Its differential diagnosis from the rest of acrokeratodermias is a challenge for the physician; however, the histological finding of elastorhexis allows us to categorize it. We present a sporadic case of a young female patient, with clinical and histopathological characteristics typical of the disease.
A acroqueratoelastoidose de Costa é uma rara genodermatose autossômica dominante com expressividade variável, que se caracteriza pela presença de múltiplos pápulas hiperqueratósicas na zona marginal das mãos, dos pés ou ambas. Debuta predominantemente na infância e vida adulta precoce, é de curso crónico e geralmente assintomática. Seu diagnóstico diferencial do resto das acroqueratodermias é um desafio para o clínico, mas, a descoberta histológica de elastorrexis nos permite categorizá-la. Apresentamos um caso esporádico de uma paciente jovem, com características clínicas e histopatológicas típicas da doença.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Genéticas Inatas , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar , QueratinasRESUMO
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an alternative method for oral candidiasis (OC), while nanocarriers have been used to improve the water solubility of curcumin (CUR). The aim of this study is to encapsulate CUR in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and to evaluate its photodynamic effects on a murine model of OC. Anionic and cationic CUR-NP is synthesized using poly-lactic acid and dextran sulfate and then characterized. Female mice are immunosuppressed and inoculated with Candida albicans (Ca) to induce OC. aPDT is performed by applying CUR-NP or free CUR on the dorsum of the tongue, followed by blue light irradiation for five consecutive days. Nystatin is used as positive control. Afterward, Ca are recovered and cultivated. Animals are euthanized for histological, immunohistochemical, and DNA damage evaluation. Encapsulation in NP improves the water solubility of CUR. Nystatin shows the highest reduction of Ca, followed by aPDT mediated by free CUR, which results in immunolabelling of cytokeratins closer to those observed for healthy animals. Anionic CUR-NP does not show antifungal effect, and cationic CUR-NP reduces Ca even in the absence of light. DNA damage is associated with Ca infection. Consecutive aPDT application is a safe treatment for OC.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Candidíase Bucal/terapia , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Polímeros , Animais , Biomarcadores , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos da radiação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Composição de Medicamentos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Polímeros/químicaRESUMO
Distant metastases from salivary gland tumors are considered infrequent: the incidence of distant metastases ranges from 24% to 61% according to different histotypes and to the site of the primary mass. The most common site of distant metastases due to salivary gland malignancies is the lung. From the pathology point of view, cytokeratins (CK) are important differentiation markers in salivary gland tumors, which are often used for the diagnostic process. Their employment also may be useful to identify and confirm the diagnosis of their distant metastases. We report the expression of CK in two cases of primary and metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and their CK profiles of the primary and metastatic masses. Both patients-one male and one female-were diagnosed with an ACC cribriform and tubular, respectively, with lung metastases. In case 1, the metastatic mass presented the same histotype and CK profile of the primary tumor. For case 2, the metastatic lung mass was distinct from the primary mass (a solid ACC) and presented a different CK profile. Although salivary gland metastatic disease presents a poor prognosis, both patients reported herein are alive despite the presence of the disease in long-term follow-up. Therefore, the modifications seen in the CK profiles do not appear to be predictive of tumor behavior and outcome. The use of a CK profile seems to be useful to identify the nature of a distant mass and its possible correlations with a primary salivary gland tumor.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/diagnóstico , Queratinas , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of micrometastases in lymph node tissue of patients with stage Ib1-IIA cervical cancer, the correlation of micrometastases with tumor recurrence and survival, and the expression of D2-40 in the primary tumor of patients with recurrence and/or micrometastases and its correlation with histopathologic findings. METHODS: In a retrospective study, the medical records of all patients with cervical cancer treated at a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2001 and 2007 were reviewed. Patients with no lymph node metastases and treated with radical hysterectomy without adjuvant treatment were included. Tumor sections were reviewed and lymph nodes were analyzed with AE1/AE3. Patients with and without recurrence were compared. The presence of lymph node micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells was also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 83 patients evaluated, 15 (18%) had recurrence. Significant differences between patients with and without recurrence were observed with regard to tumor greatest axis, clinical stage, number of micrometastases, and negative lymph nodes (P≤0.04). Lymph node micrometastases and isolated tumor cells were significantly different for a stromal invasion depth greater than 2/3 (P=0.046). CONCLUSION: The presence of lymph node micrometastases is an important risk factor for tumor recurrence. These patients should be considered eligible for adjuvant radiochemotherapy treatment.
Assuntos
Histerectomia , Micrometástase de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Distant metastases from salivary gland tumors are considered infrequent: the incidence of distant metastases ranges from 24% to 61% according to different histotypes and to the site of the primary mass. The most common site of distant metastases due to salivary gland malignancies is the lung. From the pathology point of view, cytokeratins (CK) are important differentiation markers in salivary gland tumors, which are often used for the diagnostic process. Their employment also may be useful to identify and confirm the diagnosis of their distant metastases. We report the expression of CK in two cases of primary and metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and their CK profiles of the primary and metastatic masses. Both patients-one male and one female-were diagnosed with an ACC cribriform and tubular, respectively, with lung metastases. In case 1, the metastatic mass presented the same histotype and CK profile of the primary tumor. For case 2, the metastatic lung mass was distinct from the primary mass (a solid ACC) and presented a different CK profile. Although salivary gland metastatic disease presents a poor prognosis, both patients reported herein are alive despite the presence of the disease in long-term follow-up. Therefore, the modifications seen in the CK profiles do not appear to be predictive of tumor behavior and outcome. The use of a CK profile seems to be useful to identify the nature of a distant mass and its possible correlations with a primary salivary gland tumor.
RESUMO
Salivary glands are essential for the maintenance of oral health by providing lubrication and antimicrobial protection to the mucosal and tooth surfaces. Saliva is modified and delivered to the oral cavity by a complex multifunctional ductal system. During development, these ducts form as solid tubes, which undergo cavitation to create lumens. Apoptosis has been suggested to play a role in this cavitation process along with changes in cell polarity. Here, we show that apoptosis occurs from the very earliest stages of mouse salivary gland development, much earlier than previously reported. Apoptotic cells were observed in the center of the first epithelial stalk at early-stage embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) according to both TUNEL staining and cleaved caspase 3 immunofluorescence. The presumptive lumen space was highlighted by the colocalization of a predictive lumen marker, cytokeratin 7. At E14.5, as lumens start to form throughout the glands, apoptotic expression decreased while cytokeratin 7 remained positive. In vitro inhibition of all caspases in E12.5 and E13.5 salivary glands resulted in wider ducts, as compared with the controls, and a defect in lumen formation. In contrast, no such defect in lumen formation was observed at E14.5. Our data indicate that apoptosis is involved during early stages of gland formation (E12.5 onward) and appears important for shaping the forming ducts.
Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Morfogênese/fisiologia , Ductos Salivares/embriologia , Clorometilcetonas de Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Animais , Caspase 3/análise , Caspase 3/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Caspase/farmacologia , Polaridade Celular/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/fisiologia , Epitélio/embriologia , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Queratina-7/análise , Camundongos , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Ductos Salivares/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândula Submandibular/embriologiaRESUMO
Carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos correspondem ao grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias mamárias caracterizadas pela ausência de expressão dos receptores de estrogênio e progesterona e sem amplificação ou superexpressão do HER2. São mais prevalentes em mulheres jovens e em afrodescendentes. Eles se associam frequentemente ao fenótipo basal-símile determinado geneticamente, entretanto, incluem também outros tipos moleculares intrínsecos. Metodologias de análise genética de novas gerações têm permitido sua estratificação em subgrupos distintos, o que justifica a heterogeneidade clínica deste grupo de neoplasias. A identificação desses subgrupos através de marcadores imunoistoquímicos de aplicação prática ainda é pouco explorada, embora seja uma ferramenta promissora na sua estratificação e determinação de alvos terapêuticos. OBJETIVOS: Nosso objetivo é explorar os perfis imunoistoquímicos dos carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos em mulheres com idade até 45 anos e investigar possíveis diferenças entre as cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 118 amostras de tumores de pacientes com idade até 45 anos, com carcinoma invasivo, blocos de parafina disponíveis e perfil imunoistoquímico triplo-negativo, procedentes das cinco regiões geográficas. Estes casos foram revisados quanto à determinação de tipo e grau histológico e as seguintes características anatomopatológicas: contorno do tumor, presença e fração do componente "in situ", embolização vascular peritumoral, tipo e grau da reação estromal, presença de necrose tumoral e formação de túbulos pela neoplasia. Foram selecionadas áreas representativas do tumor para construção de blocos de microarranjos de tecido para estudo imunoistoquímico. Foram pesquisados os seguintes marcadores: citoqueratinas basais 5/6 e 14, citoqueratinas luminais 8 e 18, receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR ou HER1), receptor de androgênio, e-caderina, catenina-beta,...
Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) correspond to a heterogeneous group of neoplasia characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and by the absence of amplification or overexpression of HER2. They are more prevalent among African descendants and younger women. They are often associated with the basal-like genetic phenotype; however, other intrinsic molecular types are included. Genomic analyses of next-generation methods have allowed stratification of TN breast carcinomas into distinct subgroups, explaining the clinical heterogeneity of this group of neoplasias. The identification of these subgroups by immunohistochemical markers is not well explored, although it represents a potential useful tool for the stratification and determination of therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to explore the TNBC immunohistochemical profile in patients of 45 year-old or younger, and to investigate possible differences among the five Brazilian geographic regions. METHODS: We've selected 118 samples of tumors from patients up to 45 years-old from five Brazilian geographic regions, with invasive carcinoma, available paraffin blocks, and triple-negative immunohistochemical profile. All the cases were reviewed as for determination of histologic type and grading, and the following pathological features: tumor contour, presence and percentage of in situ component, peritumoral vascular embolization, type and grade of stromal reaction, presence of tumoral necrosis, and tubule formation by neoplasia. Representative tumor areas were selected for tissue microarray construction for immunohistochemical study. The following markers were studied: Basal cytokeratins 5/6 and 14; luminal cytokeratins 8 and 18; Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER1); androgen receptor; e-cadherin; catenin-beta; claudins (3,4 and 7); vimentin; smooth-muscle actin; p63, ALDH1, and Ki-67. According to the expression of the markers, the tumors...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama , Claudinas , Epidemiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Queratinas , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo NegativasRESUMO
Dermatosis neglecta is the name of a skin condition characterized by papules and polygonal plaques, which are sometimes warty, brownish and hyperpigmented, adherent and symmetric, though removable with ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. It occurs due to inadequate skin cleansing causing accumulation of sebum, sweat, keratin and impurities. Its occurrence, though little reported, is frequent. The main differential diagnosis is the Terra fi rma-forme dermatosis. The treatment is simple, with exfoliation, moisturizing and even rubbing of alcohol. Causes of negligence on the patient’s side, which can range from hygiene carelessness to psychiatric disorders, local hypersensitivity, limbs negligence or motor paralysis, should be investigated. We illustrate the case of dermatosis neglecta in a 45-years old patient admitted with pulmonary sepsis.
.Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pele/patologia , Dermatopatias/patologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Hiperpigmentação/patologia , Higiene da Pele , Dermoscopia , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
The three-dimensional findings of the surface and from a cross section from a case of disseminated superficial porokeratois using scanning electron microscopy are reported. On the surface of the skin, irregular keratin with a serpiginous distribution was seen. A gross aspect of keratin in the hyperkeratotic wall was also observed and compared to the normal area, in which the release of corneocytes seemed normal. The cross-sectional imaging easily identified the cornoid lamella, with compact keratin surrounded by normal stratum corneum.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Poroceratose/patologia , Biópsia , Queratinas/análise , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma ductal in situ da mama é o estágio final antes do carcinoma ductal invasivo (CDI) no processo de carcinogênese mamária. As semelhanças histológicas, moleculares e imunoistoquímicas do epitélio nestas duas lesões tornaram improvável que o epitélio fosse o único responsável pelo processo de invasão estromal. Ao mesmo tempo, foram identificadas importantes alterações nas características do microambiente mamário durante esta transição. As células mioepiteliais, componente do microambiente e cuja rotura determina o diagnóstico histológico do carcinoma invasivo, tem papel direto ou indireto neste processo. A fim de predizer esse risco de invasão, propomos que as características das células mioepiteliais sejam investigadas em conjunto com as características intrínsecas do epitélio neoplásico. OBJETIVOS: Determinar os fatores morfológicos e moleculares das células epiteliais e os marcadores das células mioepiteliais do microambiente em carcinomas ductais in situ da mama relacionados ao risco de invasão estromal. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados retrospectivamente 236 casos consecutivos com diagnóstico inicial de CDIS seguidos de ressecção cirúrgica na Divisão de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2009, divididos nos grupos 1 (CDIS puro, 90 casos) e 2 (CDIS associado a carcinoma invasor, 146 casos). Blocos de microarranjos de tecido foram construídos com áreas representativas dos CDIS e CDI que foram, então, classificados nos perfis moleculares de acordo com o seu perfil imunoistoquímico. Os marcadores mioepiteliais (vimentina, AML, calponina, p63, CK5/6, SMMHC, CD10) foram avaliados de acordo com a expressão imunoistoquímica baixa ou alta. RESULTADOS: Os perfis moleculares dos componentes in situ e invasivo da mesma lesão foram semelhantes. Os CDIS de baixo grau histológico, em comparação aos CDIS de alto grau, apresentaram maior número de casos com perfil molecular...
INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ is the last step preceding invasive ductal carcinoma in breast carcinogenesis. Histologic, molecular and immunohistochemistry similarities in epithelium of these components make improbable that epithelial changes are sole responsible for the stromal invasion. At the same time important changes were identified in mammary microenvironment during this transition. Myoepithelial cells, components of microenvironment and which rupture is the histological definition of stromal invasion, have a direct or indirect role in this process. We propose an associated investigation of myoepithelial cells and intrinsic neoplastic epithelium caracteristics in view of predict the risk of stromal invasion. OBJECTIVES: To determinate morphologic and molecular factors of epithelial cells and microenvironment myoepithelial cell markers related to stromal invasion risk in ductal carcinomas in situ of the breast. METHODS: 236 cases with initial diagnosis of DCIS followed by surgical ressection were retrospectively selected from Division of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University from january 2000 to december 2009, divided in groups 1 (pure DCIS, 90 cases) and 2 (DCIS associated with invasive carcinoma, 146 cases). Tissue microarrays were constructed with selected areas of DCIS and IDC and those were then classificated in molecular subgroups according to its immunohistochemistry profile. Myoepithelial markers (vimentin, smooth muscle actin, calponin, p63, CK5/6, SMMHC, CD10) were avaliated according to its high or low immunohistochemistry expression. RESULTS: Molecular profiles of in situ and invasive components of the same tumor were similar. Low-grade DCIS showed more luminal profiles than highgrade DCIS (143 vs. 18), and less luminal/HER2-positive (6 vs. 11), HER2 (4 vs. 27) and triple-negative (3 vs. 22) profiles. Group 1 DCIS, compared to group 2 DCIS, showed more cases with hormonal receptor expression (84.4% vs. 71.2%)...
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma in Situ , Imuno-Histoquímica , Queratinas , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: Obesidade e doença de Alzheimer afetam um número cada vez maior de pessoas no mundo. Nos últimos anos, surgiram várias evidências de que essas duas doenças estão interligadas, sendo obesidade um fator de risco para a ocorrência de demência. A doença de Alzheimer é de mau prognóstico e de difícil tratamento e estão envolvidos na sua patogênese fatores genéticos e ambientais. A obesidade é encarada como um fator ambiental modificável e, talvez, capaz de mudar a história natural da doença se precocemente controlada. A cirurgia bariátrica é o tratamento mais eficaz para obesidade severa; no entanto, não se sabe claramente o efeito da cirurgia bariátrica sobre o metabolismo cerebral e a função cognitiva. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar prospectivamente o impacto da perda de peso induzida pela cirurgia bariátrica sobre metabolismo cerebral e função cognitiva de obesos; correlacionar metabolismo cerebral e função cognitiva antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica com marcadores metabólicos e inflamatórios. MÉTODOS: 17 mulheres obesas realizaram tomografia computadorizada com emissão de pósitrons com flúor-desoxi-glicose (PET-FDG) para avaliação do metabolismo cerebral de repouso (metabolismo glicolítico regional), testes neuropsicológicos para avaliação da função cognitiva e dosagens de marcadores metabólicos e inflamatórios antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica e, foram comparadas com 16 mulheres de peso normal, eutróficas, pareadas em idade e escolaridade. Foram excluídas da seleção pacientes portadoras de diabetes, usuárias de medicação psicotrópica nos três meses que antecederam as avaliações, portadoras de doença psiquiátrica grave atual ou prévia e mulheres com história de pais acometidos por demência antes dos 70 anos de idade. Nas mulheres obesas as avaliações do metabolismo cerebral, da função cognitiva e das dosagens laboratoriais foram realizadas antes e aproximadamente seis meses após a cirurgia bariátrica, enquanto nas mulheres eutróficas foram realizadas...
INTRODUCTION: Obesity and Alzheimer's disease affect a growing number of people in the world. In recent years, evidence has arisen suggesting that these two illnesses are linked, with obesity being a risk factor for the occurrence of dementia. Alzheimer's disease has an unfavorable prognosis, is hard to treat and genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis. Obesity is regarded as a modifiable environmental factor and maybe capable of changing the natural prognosis of the disease if controlled at an early stage. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, however the effect of bariatric surgery on cerebral metabolism and cognitive function is not clearly known. OBJECTIVES: Prospectively assess the impact of weight loss caused by bariatric surgery on the cerebral metabolism and cognitive function of the obese. Correlate the cerebral metabolism and cognitive function before and after bariatric surgery with metabolic and inflammatory markers. METHODS: 17 obese women performed computerized positron emission tomography with fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG-PET) for the assessment of resting cerebral metabolism (regional glycolytic metabolism), neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive function and doses of metabolic and inflammatory markers before and after bariatric surgery and compared with 16 women of normal weight, eutrophic, paired by age and level of education. Patients with diabetes, those who had used psychotropic medication within three months prior to the assessments, people with current or previous history of severe psychiatric illness and women with a family history of dementia before 70 years of age. The assessments of cerebral metabolism, cognitive function and laboratory doses were conducted before and approximately 6 months after bariatric surgery in the obese women, whereas the women of normal weight were only assessed once. The imaging data was processed using the Statistic Parametric Mapping (SPM)...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Alzheimer , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Demência , Neuropsicologia , Obesidade , Tomografia por Emissão de PósitronsRESUMO
Purpose To compare the histological characteristics of keratinized versus non-keratinized onlay island flaps in an experimental rabbit model. Materials and Methods Sixteen male rabbits were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: keratinized and non-keratinized onlay island flaps. A defect was created in the ventral aspect of the penile urethra. In the keratinized group, a longitudinal island flap was harvested from the external prepuce and rotated to cover the urethral defect. In the non-keratinized group a transverse island flap was harvested from the inner prepuce. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results The flaps were viable in all animals, and no deaths were associated with the procedure. Two urethrocutaneous fistulas were identified, one in each experimental group. A similar pattern of fibrosis was identified in both groups. The keratinized epithelium of the external prepuce kept its histological aspect and keratin production. Both keratinized and non-keratinized groups presented a slight decrease on the epithelial thickness, however without a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions In this short-term rabbit model, we observed that the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium from the external prepuce kept its keratin production. There was no statistical influence of the flap type on the mean epithelial thickness. .
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Prepúcio do Pênis/cirurgia , Modelos Animais , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Uretra/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Epitélio/química , Prepúcio do Pênis/química , Queratinas , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Cateterismo UrinárioRESUMO
Circumscribed palmoplantar hypokeratosis is a recently recognized dermatosis and rarely reported. It was first described in 2002 and is characterized by localized loss of the horny layer in the palmoplantar area. This dermatosis is clinically presented with a sharply circumscribed, reddish and asymptomatic plaque with slightly depressed surface localized on the palms or the soles. The clinical differential diagnosis includes mainly porokeratosis and Bowen's disease. Its pathogenesis remains unknown, but studies have proposed a human papillomavirus induced disease or a localized keratinization disorder in the palmoplantar area. We report herein two cases of patients with lesions clinically and microscopically compatible with the diagnosis of circumscribed palmoplantar hypokeratosis. We also present a brief literature review of the etiopathogenic hyphoteses of this dermatosis.
A hipoqueratose palmar circunscrita é uma condição rara e pouco conhecida que foi caracterizada apenas em 2002. Caracteriza-se por uma perda circunscrita e focal da camada córnea das regiões palmares ou plantares. Clinicamente, observam-se lesões avermelhadas, circunscritas, arredondadas, discretamente deprimidas e assintomáticas, nas palmas ou, mais raramente, nas plantas. A diagnose diferencial clínica é feita principalmente com a poroqueratose palmoplantar e com a disqueratose de Bowen. Sua patogênese é desconhecida, havendo especulações sobre possível origem viral ou de alteração localizada da expressão de citoqueratinas das regiões palmoplantares. Relatamos os casos clínicos de duas doentes femininas com lesões clínicas e alterações histopatológicas características de hipoqueratose palmar circunscrita de evolução crônica, além de uma breve revisão da literatura sobre as hipóteses etiopatogênicas desta dermatose.