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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on improving oral hygiene behavior in patients with fixed orthodontics appliances. A parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted with 45 patients of the Orthodontic Clinic of Unibe's Postgraduate Unit. A computer-generated list of numbers created with SPSS V21.0 was used to randomly allocate participants into the experimental or the control group. Monthly oral hygiene instructions and an oral hygiene kit from GUM® with special orthodontic hygiene tools were given to the participants. Furthermore, the experimental group underwent motivational interviewing sessions facilitated by a periodontist who received training from two expert psychologists. These psychologists also provided supervision to the interviewer, ensuring the accurate implementation of the intervention. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI), Gingival Index (GI), Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD) and Bleeding on Probing (BoP) were recorded at baseline, three and six months after the beginning of the study. The participant and the evaluator (another periodontist who recorded the data) were masked. Repeated-measures mixed- model analysis of variance and chi-squared test were conducted. Mean SOHI, GI, PPD and BoP scores did not differ significantly across the three time points (baseline, three and six months). Nevertheless, a significant interaction on SOHI scores (F (2, 58) = 3.463, p = .038, h2 = .052) was found between the sessions and the treatment conditions (experimental vs control group) at the third and sixth month. Motivational interviewing plus oral hygiene instructions appears to maintain a better control of dental biofilm and calculus in comparison with conventional oral hygiene instructions alone.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de las entrevistas motivacionales para mejorar el comportamiento de higiene oral en pacientes con aparatos ortodóncicos fijos. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico aleatorizado de grupos paralelos con 45 pacientes de la Clínica de Ortodoncia de la Unidad de Posgrado de Unibe. Se utilizó una lista de números generada por computadora con SPSS V21.0 para asignar aleatoriamente a los participantes al grupo experimental o de control. Se les proporcionó a los participantes instrucciones mensuales de higiene oral y un kit de higiene oral de GUM® con utensilios de higiene especiales para ortodoncia. Además, el grupo experimental recibió sesiones de entrevista motivacional facilitadas por un periodoncista capacitado por dos psicólogas expertas. Estas psicólogas también supervisaron al entrevistador, asegurando la implementación precisa de la intervención. Se registró el Índice Simplificado de Higiene Oral (IHO-S), el Índice Gingival (IG), la Profundidad de Sondaje Periodontal (PS) y el Sangrado al Sondaje (SS) al inicio, a los tres y seis meses después del inicio del estudio. Tanto el participante como el evaluador (otro periodoncista que registró los datos) estaban enmascarados. Se realizaron análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas con modelo mixto y pruebas de chi-cuadrado. Las puntuaciones medias del IHO-S, IG, PS y SS no difirieron significativamente en los tres momentos (inicio, tres y seis meses). Sin embargo, se encontró una interacción significativa en las puntuaciones del IHO-S (F (2, 58) = 3.463, p = .038, h2 = .052) entre las sesiones y las condiciones de tratamiento (grupo experimental vs grupo de control) en el tercer y sexto mes. Las entrevistas motivacionales junto con las instrucciones de higiene oral parecen mantener un mejor control de la biopelícula dental y el cálculo en comparación con las instrucciones convencionales de higiene oral por sí solas.

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BACKGROUND: Moderately vigorous physical activity (PA) may be beneficial for people with sub-acute low back pain (LBP), but may initially be painful for patients and challenging for physical therapists to facilitate. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated motivational interviewing (MI) delivered by physical therapists and a smartphone app for increasing PA in people with LBP. METHODS: A mixed methods cluster randomised controlled trial involving 46 adults with LBP in Melbourne, Australia. Participants attended weekly 30-min physical therapy consultations for 6 weeks. Experimental group physical therapists were taught to embed MI into consultations and patients were provided with a self-directed app. The primary outcome was accelerometer-derived moderately vigorous PA. Secondary outcomes were LBP disability (Oswestry Disability Index), functional capacity (Patient Specific Functional Scale), and self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire). Between-group differences were analysed by ANCOVA post-intervention. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and control group for PA. Between-group differences in LBP disability (MD= 19.4 units, 95% CI: 8.5, 30.3), functional capacity (primary MD= -4.1 units, 95% CI: -6.9, -1.3; average MD= -3.1, 95% CI: -4.9, -1.2) and self-efficacy (MD -11.3 units, 95%CI -20.2, -2.5) favoured the control group with small to moderate effect sizes. There were low levels of overall engagement with the app. CONCLUSION: The embedded MI intervention was no more beneficial than physical therapy alone for PA and was associated with poorer LBP disability, function, and self-efficacy. The effectiveness of embedding MI and a smartphone app into usual care for LBP was not supported.

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OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to assess whether motivational interviewing (MI) effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults. METHODS: Studies considered were randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials and community-based randomized trials assessing interventions based on MI or indicating that a counselling technique based on the principles developed by Miller and Rollnick was used. Controls were any type of oral health education or negative controls. Participants were 18-60 years old. The main outcome was any oral morbidity. From 602 studies identified in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS databases, seven studies were included in the synthesis. RESULTS: Studies included only evaluated periodontal outcomes, no studies were found for other oral morbidities. Patients' mean age was 43.7 years, and the follow-up time after MI or MI-based intervention varied between 1 month and 1 year. The total study population was 272 people with moderate-to-severe periodontitis; other groups analysed were pregnant women (n = 112) and patients with mental disorders and alcohol problems (n = 60). Meta-analysis for the plaque index (four studies, n = 267), bleeding on probing (two studies, n = 177) and gingival index (two studies, n = 166) were carried out. The summary effects for the random-effects model were estimated respectively as -3.59 percentage points (CI: [-11.44; 4.25] for plaque index, -6.41 percentage points (CI: [-12.18, -0.65]) for bleeding on probing and -0.70 (CI: [-1.87; 0.48]) for gingival index, marginally favouring the MI group. The reduced number of studies, the non-disclosure of some aspects of the data and the heterogeneity among them undermine the precision of the estimates. CONCLUSION: The current evidence available is limited to periodontal outcomes, and it is not possible to determine whether MI effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults.

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A cárie dentária na primeira infância representa um problema crônico e de relevância para a saúde pública. Sendo uma condição clínica evitável, promover a prevenção se faz necessário. Apesar disso, a prevenção tradicional utilizada na Odontologia não tem apresentado resultados favoráveis devido a forma impositiva e prescritiva. A visão multifatorial das doenças considerando os determinantes sociais, econômicos e culturais envolvidos neste processo, tem demandado novas abordagens preventivas no contexto da saúde, incluindo também a cárie dentária na primeira infância. Assim, uma estratégia de comunicação direcionada aos pais, que são a referência da criança no seu processo formativo, tem se mostrado ser efetiva em vários estudos. Essa abordagem com origem na psicoterapia é conhecida como Entrevista Motivacional (EM). Na Odontologia brasileira o assunto ainda é pouco explorado e a EM pouco aplicada pelas equipes de saúde bucal. A explicação pode ser a inexistência de um roteiro direcionador e a falta de capacitação das equipes. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar pré-teste do protocolo proposto por Weinstein, Harrison e Benton e ofertar curso de introdução à teoria da EM. Com base no protocolo de EM direcionado à abordagem de fatores relacionados à cárie dentária na primeira infância, que foi traduzido e validado no Brasil em 2020, foi realizado pré-teste em amostra de 23 participantes com características da população-alvo do protocolo, para verificar o entendimento das questões. A pesquisadora passou por treinamento prévio, com o objetivo de adquirir habilidades para empregar os princípios da EM antes de ir a campo. O estudo metodológico foi realizado com pais/responsáveis por crianças em atendimento na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e na Atenção Primária à Saúde de Betim/MG, sendo em sua totalidade mães, a maioria jovens entre 20-30 anos, com ensino médio completo e renda entre 501 e 3.000. Os áudios das entrevistas foram gravados e transcritos, para certificar que a abordagem da entrevistadora seguia os princípios da EM. Também foi utilizado caderno de campo para anotar aspectos importantes da coleta de dados. O protocolo passou no préteste por adaptações estruturais que possibilitaram fluidez e coerência para seu uso no serviço público, foi bem compreendido em grande parte por todos os perfis socioeconômicos entrevistados, apresentou apenas duas questões com maior número de participantes que não compreenderam (n=7). O estudo resultou no Protocolo de Weinstein testado em indivíduos brasileiros, para ser disponibilizado às equipes de saúde bucal como instrumento orientador que possibilite treinamento na abordagem pela EM, para prevenção da cárie dentária na primeira infância. Como produto técnico desse estudo foi ofertado um curso introdutório sobre EM na saúde bucal. O público-alvo do curso foi composto pelos profissionais de saúde bucal do município de Betim (cirurgiões-dentistas, auxiliares e técnicos de saúde bucal), alunos de graduação da FAO-UFMG e demais interessados externos. A carga horária foi de 8h, divididas em dois dias. Houve 47 inscrições, com participação efetiva de 16 e 20 participantes no primeiro e segundo dia, respectivamente. A avaliação global do curso pelos participantes foi bom (29,4%) e excelente (70,6%).

Early childhood caries represent a chronic and relevant problem for public health. Since it is a preventable medical condition, promoting prevention is necessary. Nevertheless, the traditional prevention in Dentistry has not shown favorable outcomes due to its imposing and prescriptive approach. The multifactorial view of diseases, considering the social, economic and cultural determinants involved in this process, has demanded new preventive approaches in the health context, also including early childhood caries.Thus, a communication strategy aimed at parents, who are the child's reference point in their formative process, has been shown to be effective in several studies. This approach, originated in psychotherapy, is known as Motivational Interviewing (MI). In Brazilian Dentistry, the subject is still little exploresand MI is little apllied by oral health teams. The explanation may be the lack of a guiding roadmap and the lack of training of the teams. Therefore, the aim of this study was to pre-test the protocol proposed by Weinstein, Harrison and Benton and to offer an introductory course on MI theory. Based on the MI protocol aimed at addressing factors related to dental caries in early childhood, which was translated and validates in Brazil in 2020, a pre-tes was carried out on a sample of 23 participants with caracteristics of the protocol's target population, to check their understanding of the questions .The researcher previously underwent Training that enable her to acquire skills to employ the principles of MI before entering the field. The methodological study was carried out with parents/guardians of children medically assisted by the Dentistry School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais and the Primary Healthcare in Betim/MG, being mothers between 20 and 30 years old, with high school education and income between 501 and 3,000. The interview audios were recorded and transcribed to ensure that the approach of the interviewer followed the principles of MI. A field notebook was also used to record important aspects of data collection.The protocol underwent structural adaptations in the pretest which enabled fluidity and coherence for its use in public service, was largely well understood by all socioeconomic profiles interviewed, displayed only two questions with a greater number of participants who did not understand (n=7). The study resulted in the Weinstein Protocol, tested on Brazilian individuals, to be made available to oral health teams as a guiding instrument that enables training in the MI approach to prevent early childhood caries. As a techical product of this study, an a introductory course on MI in oralhealth was offered. The course's target audience was oral health profissionals from the municipality of Betim (dental surgeons, oral health assistants and technicians), FAO-UFMG ubdergraduate students and the other external sakholders. The course lasted 8 hours, divided into two days. There were 47 registrations, with 16 and 20 participants actually taking part on the first and second day, respectively. The participant' s overall assessment of the course was good (29,4%) and excellent (70,6%).

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Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en la consulta de nutrición sobre indicadores de riesgo cardiometabólico en pacientes con trastorno bipolar. Se realizó un estudio experimental en que el grupo control recibió orientación nutricional basada en planes de alimentación y el grupo de intervención recibió consulta nutricional incorporando los principios y habilidades de la entrevista motivacional. Los participantes fueron seguidos por tres meses y se realizaron evaluaciones de hábitos alimenticios, actividad física, riesgo cardiometabólico, composición corporal y calidad de vida. El grupo de entrevista motivacional redujo el consumo de carnes (B=-0.45, p=0.032) y embutidos (B=-0.60, p=0.002). Asimismo, la presión arterial diastólica (B=-6.97, p=0.029) y glucemia (B=-9.27, p=0.097) de estos pacientes tendieron a disminuir. La entrevista motivacional promueve cambios que pueden hacer una diferencia clínica; aun en reducidos periodos de tiempo. Los nutriólogos capacitados para su implementación disponen de una herramienta adicional para el manejo de comorbilidad cardiometabólica en población vulnerable.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to assess the effectiveness of the motivational interviewing in the nutrition consultation on indicators of cardiometabolic risk in patients with bipolar disorder. An experimental study was conducted in which the control group receives nutritional guidance based on feeding plans and the intervention group received nutritional consultation incorporating the principles and skills of the motivational interviewing. Participants were followed by three months and evaluations of eating habits, physical activity, cardiometabolic risk, body composition and quality of life were carried out. The motivational interviewing group reduced the consumption of meats (B=-0.45, p=0.032) and sausages (B=-0.60, p=0.002). Likewise, the diastolic blood pressure (B=-6.97, p=0.029) and glycemia (B=-9.27, p=0.097) of these patients tended to decrease. Motivational interviewing promotes changes that can make a clinical difference, even in short periods of time. Nutritionists trained for its implementation have an additional tool for the management of cardiometabolic comorbidity in a vulnerable population.

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Collateral interviews can be an integral source of third-party information used in a range of forensic mental health assessments. Although family members and spouses often have the most knowledge about the evaluee, research suggests that they may also experience distress related to the legal proceedings. This article discusses the nature and purpose of collateral interviewing with close collateral contacts, comparing collateral interviews with direct interviews with evaluees. The secondary consequences of having a justice-involved family member are considered, including the possibility of vicarious trauma. Finally, the responsibilities of evaluators are considered, especially in the context of trauma-informed principles applied to collateral interviewing. Recommendations regarding consent, the use of empathy, and feedback to collateral are provided.

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Background. Postpartum weight retention is a risk factor for obesity and is particularly important among Hispanic women who have an increased rate of obesity. Given its broad reach, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides an ideal setting to implement community-based interventions for low-income postpartum women. Purpose. To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a multicomponent intervention delivered by staff within the WIC program designed to promote behavior changes in urban, postpartum women with overweight/obesity. Method. This was a 12-week pilot trial randomizing participants to a health behavior change (Intervention) or control (Observation) group. The Intervention included monthly visits with trained WIC staff providing patient-centered behavior change counseling, with multiple touchpoints between visits promoting self-monitoring and offering health behavior change support. Results. Participants (n = 41), who were mainly Hispanic (n = 37, 90%) and Spanish-speaking (n = 33, 81%), were randomized to the Intervention (n = 19) or Observation (n = 22) group. In the Intervention group, 79% (n = 15) of eligible participants were retained for the study duration. All Intervention participants endorsed that they would participate again. Regarding physical activity, participant readiness to change and self-efficacy improved for Intervention participants. About one-quarter of women in the Intervention group (27%, n = 4) had a 5% weight loss compared with one woman (5%) in the Observation group; this difference was not statistically significant (p = .10). Conclusions. This pilot demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a low-intensity behavior change intervention within the WIC setting for postpartum women with overweight/obesity. Findings support the role of WIC in addressing postpartum obesity.

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Resumo Objetivo Analisar as produções científicas acerca da eficácia de intervenções utilizando a entrevista motivacional para adesão à terapia antirretroviral por pessoas com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada em quatro bases de dados, o MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, e em uma biblioteca eletrônica, a SciELO, sem restrição de idioma, data e tamanho amostral. O levantamento de artigos foi realizado em setembro de 2021, utilizando-se os descritores Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome e Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Foram incluídos artigos do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, com amostra de pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana maiores de 18 anos, e excluídas pesquisas envolvendo crianças, adolescentes e gestantes. Dez artigos foram selecionados e analisados quanto ao rigor e características de cada estudo. Resultados A entrevista motivacional foi aplicada presencialmente e associada à chamada telefônica, visita domiciliar, fitas de áudio, encartes informativos, aconselhamento, teorias cognitivas-comportamentais e cognitivas-sociais. Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão evidenciaram que as intervenções utilizando a entrevista motivacional aumentaram a adesão aos antirretrovirais por pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Conclusão O estudo contribuiu para identificar os dados existentes sobre a eficácia de intervenções com a entrevista motivacional, com foco na adesão à terapia antirretroviral por pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana, tornando visíveis os pontos que precisam ser aprofundados e mostrando a importância desta estratégia, que pode ser utilizada pelos enfermeiros e demais profissionais de saúde, visando o bem-estar dos pacientes. International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews: CRD42019123724

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las producciones científicas sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones que utilizan la entrevista motivacional para la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos Revisión sistemática realizada en cuatro bases de datos, MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, y en una biblioteca electrónica, SciELO, sin restricción de idioma, fecha, ni tamaño de la muestra. La recopilación de archivos fue realizada en septiembre de 2021, con los descriptores Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome y Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Se incluyeron artículos tipo ensayo clínico aleatorizado, con muestreo de personas con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana mayores de 18 años; y se excluyeron estudios que incluían niños, adolescentes y mujeres embarazadas. Se seleccionaron diez artículos y se analizó el rigor y características de cada estudio. Resultados La entrevista motivacional se realizó presencialmente y estuvo relacionada con llamadas telefónicas, visitas domiciliares, cintas de audio, suplementos informativos, asesoramiento, teorías cognitivas conductuales y cognitivas sociales. Los estudios incluidos en esta revisión evidenciaron que las intervenciones que utilizan la entrevista motivacional aumentaron la adhesión a los antirretrovirales de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Conclusión El estudio ayudó a identificar los datos existentes sobre la eficacia de intervenciones con entrevistas motivacionales, con énfasis en la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, se visibilizaron los puntos en los que es necesario profundizar y se mostró la importancia de esta estrategia, que puede ser utilizada por enfermeros y demás profesionales de la salud, para el bienestar de los pacientes.

Abstract Objective To analyze scientific productions about the effectiveness of interventions using motivational interviewing for adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods This is a systematic review carried out in four databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, and in an electronic library, SciELO, without language, date and sample size restrictions. The survey of articles was carried out in September 2021, using the descriptors Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Randomized clinical trial articles were included, with a sample of people with human immunodeficiency virus over 18 years old, and research involving children, adolescents and pregnant women was excluded. Ten articles were selected and analyzed regarding the rigor and characteristics of each study. Results Motivational interviewing was applied in person and associated with a telephone call, home visit, audio tapes, informational inserts, counseling, cognitive-behavioral and cognitive-social theories. The studies included in this review showed that interventions using motivational interviewing increased adherence to antiretrovirals by people with human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusion The study contributed to identify existing data on the effectiveness of interventions with motivational interviewing, focusing on adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people with human immunodeficiency virus, making visible the points that need to be deepened and showing the importance of this strategy, which can be used by nurses and other health professionals, aiming at patients' well-being.International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews: CRD42019123724

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Objective.To assess the effectiveness of a brief intervention and motivational interviewing in reducing the use of different tobacco-related products in adults Methods. Forthis systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials on the effect of a brief intervention and / or motivational interview on tobacco reduction among healthy adults published between January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2021. Data from eligible studies were extracted and analyzed. CONSORT guidelines were used to assess the quality of the studies by two reviewers for the included studies. The titles and abstracts of the search results were screened and reviewed by two independent reviewers for eligibility criteria per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cochrane review criteria were used to assess the risk of bias in included studies. Results. A total of 12 studies were included in the final data extraction of 1406 studies. The brief intervention and motivational interviewing showed varied effects on tobacco use reduction among adults at different follow-ups. Seven of the 12 studies (58.3%) reported a beneficial impact on reducing tobacco use. Pieces of evidence on biochemical estimation on tobacco reduction are limited compared to self-reports, and varied results on quitting and tobacco cessation with different follow-ups. Conclusion. The current evidence supports the effectiveness of a brief intervention and motivational interviewing to quit tobacco use. Still, it suggests using more biochemical markers as outcome measures to reach an intervention-specific decision. While more initiatives to train nurses in providing non-pharmacological nursing interventions, including brief interventions, are recommended to help people quit smoking.

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención breve y de la entrevista motivacional para reducir el consumo de diferentes productos relacionados con el tabaco en adultos. Métodos. Para esta revisión sistemática, se buscaron en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y PsychINFO ensayos controlados aleatorizados sobre el efecto de una intervención breve y/o una entrevista motivacional en la reducción del consumo de tabaco entre adultos sanos, que hubieran sido publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2011 y el 1 de enero de 2021. Los títulos y los resúmenes de los artículos incluidos fueron evaluados por dos revisores independientes para determinar los criterios de elegibilidad, se analizó la calidad de los estudios con la guía CONSORT y se utilizaron los criterios de Cochrane para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo.Resultados.Se incluyeron un total de 12 de los 1406 estudios que arrojó la búsqueda. La intervención breve y la entrevista motivacional mostraron efectos variados en la reducción del consumo de tabaco entre los adultos en diferentes seguimientos. Siete de los 12 estudios (58.3%) informaron de un impacto beneficioso en la reducción del consumo de tabaco. La utilización de indicadores bioquímicos de la reducción del consumo de tabaco fueron limitados en comparación con los autoinformes. Los resultados sobre el abandono y la cesación del tabaco fueron variados con diferentes seguimientos. Conclusión.La evidencia apoyó la efectividad de una intervención breve y de la entrevista motivacional para la cesación del consumo de tabaco. Sin embargo, se sugiere realizar más estudios con marcadores bioquímicos como medidas de resultado para llegar a una decisión específica de la intervención. Se recomienda formar a los enfermeros en la realización de intervenciones de enfermería no farmacológicas, incluidas las intervenciones breves, para ayudar a las personas a dejar de fumar.

Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção breve e entrevista motivacional na redução do uso de diferentes produtos relacionados ao tabaco em adultos. Métodos.Para esta revisão sistemática, se buscou nas bases de PubMed, Web of Science e PsychINFO ensaios controlados aleatórios sobre o efeito de uma breve intervenção e/ou entrevista motivacional na redução do uso de tabaco entre adultos saudáveis, publicados entre 1º de janeiro de 2011 e 1º de janeiro de 2021. Os títulos e resumos dos artigos incluídos foram avaliados por dois revisores independentes para critérios de elegibilidade, a qualidade do estudo foi avaliada usando a diretriz CONSORT e os critérios Cochrane foram usados para avaliar o risco de viés. Resultados. Um total de 12 dos 1.406 estudos retornados pela busca foram incluídos. Intervenção breve e entrevista motivacional mostraram efeitos mistos na redução do uso de tabaco entre adultos em diferentes acompanhamentos. Sete dos 12 estudos (58.3%) relataram um impacto benéfico na redução do uso de tabaco. O uso de indicadores bioquímicos de redução do uso de tabaco foi limitado em relação ao autorrelato. Os resultados sobre parar de fumar e parar de fumar foram variados com diferentes seguimentos. Conclusão. As evidências apoiaram a eficácia de uma intervenção breve e entrevista motivacional para a cessação do uso do tabaco. No entanto, mais estudos com marcadores bioquímicos como medidas de resultados são sugeridos para chegar a uma decisão de intervenção específica. Recomenda-se que os enfermeiros sejam treinados na execução de intervenções de enfermagem não farmacológicas, incluindo intervenções breves, para ajudar as pessoas a parar de fumar.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of a brief intervention and motivational interviewing in reducing the use of different tobacco-related products in adults. METHODS: For this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases were electronically searched for randomized controlled trialson the effect of a brief intervention and / or motivational interview on tobacco reduction among healthy adults published between January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2021. Data from eligible studies were extracted and analyzed. CONSORT guidelines were used to assess the quality of the studies by two reviewers for the included studies. The titles and abstracts of the search results were screened and reviewed by two independent reviewers for eligibility criteria per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cochrane review criteria were used to assess the risk of bias in included studies. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were included in the final data extraction of 1406 studies. The brief intervention and motivational interviewing showed varied effects on tobacco use reduction among adults at different follow-ups. Seven of the 12 studies (58.3%) reported a beneficial impact on reducing tobacco use. Pieces of evidence on biochemical estimation on tobacco reduction are limited compared to self-reports, and varied results on quitting and tobacco cessation with different follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence supports the effectiveness of a brief intervention and motivational interviewing to quit tobacco use. Still, it suggests using more biochemical markers as outcome measures to reach an intervention-specific decision. While more initiatives to train nurses in providing non-pharmacological nursing interventions, including brief interventions, are recommended to help people quit smoking.

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In settings with limited mental health system capacity, integrated care and the improvement of patient-provider communication surrounding common mental disorders is critical to advancing treatment outcomes. We trained primary care providers in the Dominican Republic in motivational interviewing (MI) to improve communication with patients experiencing depression and anxiety. Providers were randomized to an intervention group, which received MI training, or a control group. To evaluate the training's effectiveness, patients assessed their clinical encounters using the Motivational Interviewing Measure of Staff Interaction (MIMSI). Trained research assistants (RAs) rated a sub-set of those interactions using an adapted MIMSI instrument. Overall, patients (n = 36) perceived their interactions with providers (n = 10) very positively; however, the RAs' ratings strongly indicated that providers' application of MI behaviors was insufficient. Patients generally could not distinguish between intervention and control providers. Findings underscore the need to carefully consider optimal training delivery and cultural influences surrounding the implementation of MI mental health interventions in settings where directive communication is highly valued.

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the fidelity of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention with caregivers of young children in primary healthcare in Southern Brazil. Seven trained interventionists conducted one MI session with each caregiver at their home. The sessions were audio-recorded and a randomly selected subset (n = 109) was coded by a single reviewer using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 3.1.1. criteria (MITI 3.1.1.). This instrument establishes parameters of MI proficiency for beginners and experts measuring the global ratings of five MI principles (evocation, collaboration, autonomy/support, direction and empathy), the global MI spirit score, and the behavior counts of MI basic skills: to inform, to ask, and to listen. The mean global MI spirit rating was 4.0 (95%CI 3.9-4.1). Mean MI principle scores ranged from 3.8 (95%CI 3.7-3.9) to 4.3 (95%CI 4.2-4.4). The overall reflection-to-question ratio was 0.9 (95 CI 0.8-1.0), % open questions was 76.3 (95%CI 73.1-79.6), % complex reflections was 66.1 (95%CI 63.1-69.1), and % MI-adherent information was 94.1 (95%CI 93.5-94.5). Interventionists with higher scores conducted more and longer sessions than those with lower scores (p = 0.012). Those with beginner proficiency had a higher proportion of caregivers changing their oral health knowledge (p = 0.005). In conclusion, a good degree of MI fidelity was found, with higher fidelity among interventionists who conducted more interviews and spent more time talking with caregivers.

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Objetivo: analisar evidências científicas sobre entrevista motivacional e sua influência no autogerenciamento do cuidado do adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Método: revisão integrativa cuja busca aconteceu em junho de 2020 nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science para atender a pergunta: Quais evidências científicas sobre entrevista motivacional e sua influência no autogerenciamento do cuidado ao adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1? Todos os artigos identificados estavam no idioma inglês e publicados entre 2003 e 2020. Resultados: entre os dez estudos incluídos, nove foram realizados nos Estados Unidos e um no Reino Unido. As pesquisas tiveram métodos diversificados na aplicação da entrevista motivacional em circunstâncias diferentes e os resultados mostraram impactos positivos no autogerenciamento dos cuidados de adolescentes com DM1, principalmente em relação ao controle glicêmico e/ou nos níveis de hemoglobina glicada. Conclusão: a entrevista motivacional favorece o autogerenciamento do cuidado e autonomia do adolescente com diabetes.

Objective: this study examined scientific evidence on motivational interviewing and its influence on self-management among adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Methods: the survey for this integrative review took place in June 2020 in the LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to answer the question: What scientific evidence is available on motivational interviewing and its influence on self-management among adolescents with DM1? All the articles found were in English and published between 2003 and 2020. Results: of the ten studies included, nine were conducted in the United States and one in the United Kingdom. The studies used different methods for applying motivational interviewing in differing circumstances, and their findings revealed positive impacts on self-management among adolescents with type-1 diabetes, especially on blood glucose monitoring and/or on glycated hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: motivational interviewing is an intervention that favors self-management and autonomy among adolescents with diabetes.

Objetivo: analizar evidencias científicas sobre entrevista motivacional y su influencia en la autogestión del cuidado de adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Métodos: revisión integradora llevada a cabo en junio de 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus y WoS para responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las evidencias científicas sobre entrevista motivacional y su influencia en la autogestión del cuidado de adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1? Los artículos encontrados estaban en inglés y fueron publicados entre 2003 y 2020. Resultados: de los diez estudios incluidos, nueve se realizaron en Estados Unidos y uno en Reino Unido. Las investigaciones utilizaron diferentes métodos de aplicación de la entrevista motivacional en diferentes circunstancias y los resultados señalaron impactos positivos en la autogestión de los cuidados de adolescentes con DM1, especialmente cuanto al control glucémico y/o niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada. Conclusión: la entrevista motivacional favorece la autogestión del cuidado y la autonomía de adolescentes con diabetes.

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RESUMO Objetivo analisar evidências científicas sobre entrevista motivacional e sua influência no autogerenciamento do cuidado do adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Método revisão integrativa cuja busca aconteceu em junho de 2020 nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science para atender a pergunta: Quais evidências científicas sobre entrevista motivacional e sua influência no autogerenciamento do cuidado ao adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1? Todos os artigos identificados estavam no idioma inglês e publicados entre 2003 e 2020. Resultados entre os dez estudos incluídos, nove foram realizados nos Estados Unidos e um no Reino Unido. As pesquisas tiveram métodos diversificados na aplicação da entrevista motivacional em circunstâncias diferentes e os resultados mostraram impactos positivos no autogerenciamento dos cuidados de adolescentes com DM1, principalmente em relação ao controle glicêmico e/ou nos níveis de hemoglobina glicada. Conclusão a entrevista motivacional favorece o autogerenciamento do cuidado e autonomia do adolescente com diabetes.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar evidencias científicas sobre entrevista motivacional y su influencia en la autogestión del cuidado de adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Métodos revisión integradora llevada a cabo en junio de 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus y WoS para responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las evidencias científicas sobre entrevista motivacional y su influencia en la autogestión del cuidado de adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1? Los artículos encontrados estaban en inglés y fueron publicados entre 2003 y 2020. Resultados de los diez estudios incluidos, nueve se realizaron en Estados Unidos y uno en Reino Unido. Las investigaciones utilizaron diferentes métodos de aplicación de la entrevista motivacional en diferentes circunstancias y los resultados señalaron impactos positivos en la autogestión de los cuidados de adolescentes con DM1, especialmente cuanto al control glucémico y/o niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada. Conclusión la entrevista motivacional favorece la autogestión del cuidado y la autonomía de adolescentes con diabetes.

ABSTRACT Objective this study examined scientific evidence on motivational interviewing and its influence on self-management among adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Methods the survey for this integrative review took place in June 2020 in the LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to answer the question: What scientific evidence is available on motivational interviewing and its influence on self-management among adolescents with DM1? All the articles found were in English and published between 2003 and 2020. Results of the ten studies included, nine were conducted in the United States and one in the United Kingdom. The studies used different methods for applying motivational interviewing in differing circumstances, and their findings revealed positive impacts on self-management among adolescents with type-1 diabetes, especially on blood glucose monitoring and/or on glycated hemoglobin levels. Conclusion motivational interviewing is an intervention that favors self-management and autonomy among adolescents with diabetes.

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Difficulty of caregivers in performing oral hygiene for Patients with Special Needs, usually leads to demotivation and negligence. In order to adhere to healthy habits, an intervention model was created: Motivational Interview (MI). It consists of a collaborative conversation to strengthen motivation and commitment to change. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and legitimacy of MI in a single session on the oral health of children with special needs, unable to perform the ir hygiene. Methods: Exploratory study with paired randomization, double-blind, including caregivers of patients aged 2 to 19 years treated at the Physical and Motor Rehabilitation Center of IMIP/Recife-Brazil. Caregivers were allocated to a test (Motiv ational Interview) or control (Traditional Counseling) group. In t0, they answered questionnaires, and the child's dental chart and Vis ible Plaque Index (VPI) were filled. MI group participated in a 10 min Motivational Interview involving guidance on brushing techniq ues and making mouth openers. TC group attended a lecture addressing the same theme. In t1, questionnaires were reapplied, followed by a new VPI and dental chart, in addition to a satisfaction survey regarding the methodology used. Results: After 30 days, the MI group showed a decrease in VPI when comparing the medians (14.70 vs. 10.71) and an increase in the frequency of daily brushing to 03 x or more (44.4 % vs. 77.8 %), while the TC group remained practically stable (8.75 vs. 10.71 and 28.6), but with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 5 %). Both legitimized the workshop as a pleasurable activity (100 %) and felt motivated after completion (TC = 85.7 %, MI = 100 %). Conclusion: A single session of MI reduced VPI from disabled children, however, without proving to be more effective than Traditional Counseling.

La dificultad de los cuidadores para realizar la higiene oral en pacientes con necesidades especiales, generalmente conduce a la desmotivación y negligencia. Con el objetivo de adherirse a los hábitos saludables, se creó un modelo de intervención a partir de una conversación colaborativa: Entrevista Motivacional (EM). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia y la legitimidad de la EM en la salud oral para los PNE infantiles. Estudio exploratorio con aleatorización pareada, doble ciego, que incluye cuidadores de pacientes de 2 a 19 años tratados en el Centro de Rehabilitación Física y Motora del IMIP/Recife- Brasil. Los cuidadores fueron asignados en dos grupos: prueba (Entrevista Motivacional - EM) y control (Consejería Tradicional - CT). En t0, se respondieron los cuestionarios y se realizó el Odontograma y el Índice de Placa Visible (IPV) del niño. Grupo EM participó en una entrevista motivacional de 10 minutos que incluyó orientación sobre las técnicas de cepillado y la apertura de la cavidad oral. Grupo CT asistió a una conferencia sobre el mismo tema. En t1, se volvieron a aplicar los cuestionarios, seguidos de una nueva IPV y un odontograma, además de una encuesta de satisfacción sobre la metodología utilizada. Después de 30 días, el grupo EM mostró una disminución en IPV al comparar las media- nas (14,70 vs. 10,71) y un aumento en la frecuencia diaria de cepillado a 03x o más (44,4 % vs. 77,8 %), mientras que el grupo CT permaneció prácticamente estable (8,75 vs. 8,92 y 28,6), pero sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos (p = 5 %). Ambos legitimaron el taller como una actividad placentera (100 %) y se sintieron motivados después de la finalización (AT = 85,7 %, EM = 100 %). Una sola sesión de EM redujo la IPV de las PNE, sin demostrar que es más efectiva que la asesoría tradicional.

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Interventions addressing the sexual health need of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Latin America are scarce. We adapted and evaluated GPS, a group-based intervention led by peers, developed using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model and motivational interviewing (MI). We used McKleroy et al framework to culturally adapt GPS to MSM living with HIV infection in Colombia. Then, a one-armed pilot trial examined changes in depressive symptoms, loneliness, self-efficacy for engaging in sexual risk reduction behaviors, sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. These results were complemented with semistructured interviews with participants 3 months after the intervention. GPS was identified to be culturally acceptable with few changes in materials and exercises. Facilitators showed high levels of adherence and fidelity to MI principles. Seven of 11 eligible participants finished the intervention; GPS positively influenced self-efficacy for condom negotiation, depressive symptoms, and condomless anal sex with partners of unknown HIV status. Exit interviews revealed that GPS was well-designed, relevant, facilitated discussion of sex in a nonjudgmental manner, and helped make positive changes in participants' sexual lives. These results provided preliminary evidence of an intervention to address sexual and mental health of MSM living with HIV in Latin America.

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Motivational interviewing (MI) utilizes a patient-centered approach to address patient ambivalence about treatment and has been found to improve treatment ART adherence among patients living with HIV disengaged from care. This study examined MI training for clinicians, uptake, and sustainability over time. Clinics (n = 7) with N = 38 physicians were randomized to condition (MI, Enhanced Standard of Care). Physicians completed video- recorded patient consultations at baseline and 6, 12, and 18-month follow-up. MI condition physicians had greater relational and technical scores over time and were more likely to adhere to and sustain MI over time. Overall, physicians found the MI training highly acceptable and were able to sustain their skills. Results illustrate the feasibility of MI training, implementation, and sustainment over 18 months. Findings support previous research in Argentina in which trained physicians found MI useful with challenging patients. Broader implementation of MI among HIV care physicians in Argentina is merited.

RESUMEN: La entrevista motivacional (EM) es una intervención con enfoque en el paciente que sirve para abordar la ambivalencia del paciente sobre el tratamiento. Se ha descubierto que EM mejora la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH y que no están recibiendo tratamiento. En este estudio se examinó la capacitación de EM entre médicos, como también la aceptación y la sostenibilidad de EM a lo largo del tiempo. Las clínicas (n = 7) con N = 38 médicos se asignaron al azar a la condición (EM o estándar de atención mejorada). Los médicos hicieron consultas de pacientes, las cuales fueron grabadas en video al inicio del estudio y a los 6, 12 y 18 meses de seguimiento. Los médicos de la condición de EM obtuvieron puntuaciones relacionales y técnicas más altas a lo largo del tiempo y fueron más propensos ha adherirse y usar la EM con el tiempo. En general, los médicos consideraron que la formación en EM era muy aceptable y pudieron mantener sus habilidades. Los resultados ilustran la viabilidad de la capacitación, implementación y mantenimiento de la EM durante 18 meses. Los descubrimientos sustentan investigaciones anteriores en Argentina en las que médicos capacitados encontraron que la EM era útil para pacientes desafiantes. Una implementación más amplia de la EM entre los médicos de atención del VIH en Argentina es necesaria para mejorar el tratamiento de personas con VIH.

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OBJECTIVES: This systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to assess whether motivational interviewing (MI) is effective in the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) and to examine potential sources of heterogeneity. METHODS: Interventions based on motivational interviewing were considered eligible. The main outcome was new caries lesions (some studies included white-spot lesions in total count), and secondary outcomes included caregivers' oral health knowledge, home-care behaviours, plaque index, gingival index and fluoride varnish applications. Controls were any type of oral health education or negative controls without any specific intervention. RESULTS: From a total of 1498 studies identified in the databases search, 1078 were assessed for eligibility by reading titles and abstracts, after removal of duplicates. Full-text screening was performed in 61 articles, with 18 reporting on 14 different studies included in the qualitative synthesis and 8 in the quantitative synthesis (four studies included new white-spot lesions in total count). Subgroup analysis was performed by the control group dmft/dmfs and the test for subgroup differences suggests that there is a subgroup effect (P = .06), so population caries experience modifies the effect of MI-based intervention. In populations with high caries experience, the MI-based approach proved preventing an average of 3.15 (95% CI: -6.14, -0.17) dmfs in young children. In samples with low caries experience, differences were smaller, since the caries levels were already lower (-0.31; 95% CI: -0.63, 0.00). CONCLUSION: Motivational interviewing has the potential to modify knowledge and behaviours and reduce ECC with a more significant impact on children with high caries experience.

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Smoking is the main cause of avoidable death and a major public health problem worldwide, with primary healthcare being a strategic setting for treating this problem. Aims: to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing associated with the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in smoking groups in primary healthcare. A community-based cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in Brazil, starting in July 2016. Professionals in the test group were trained in motivational interviewing for eight hours to associate it with the CBT. The usual treatment for smoking cessation in groups consists of four structured weekly sessions of 90 minutes each using a CBT. Taylor's linearization was used to correct the p-values; the chi-square test with Pearson correlation was used for categorical variables, and analysis of variance as well as the Student t-test were used for continuous variables. In total, 44 smoking groups were conducted, totaling 329 patients (178 in the motivational interviewing group and 151 in the control group). The smoking cessation rate with motivational interviewing was 61.8%, with RR = 1.25 (95%CI: 1.01-1.54, p = 0.043), and 47.7% in the control group, in the fourth weekly group treatment session. Mean session attendance was 3.1 (95%CI: 2.9-3.3) in the motivational interviewing group and 2.9 (95%CI: 2.5-3.4) in the control group. The completion rate for the motivational interviewing group was 65.2% and for the control group, 57.6%. Motivational interviewing associated with the CBT was shown to be effective and superior to only CBT to smoking cessation in groups in the fourth weekly session and for the population profile of the study (women with an average age of 50.6 years).

O tabagismo é a principal causa de morte evitável, e é um problema de saúde pública global. A atenção primária representa um contexto estratégico para enfrentar o problema. O objetivo foi avaliar a efetividade da entrevista motivacional associada à terapia cognitiva-comportamental (TCC) em grupos de tabagistas tratados na atenção primária. Foi realizado um estudo clínico randomizado de clusters comunitários, iniciado em julho de 2016. Os profissionais no grupo experimental foram treinados durante 8 horas na técnica de entrevista motivacional , com o propósito de associar a técnica à TCC. O tratamento usual para cessação de tabagismo em grupos consiste em quatro sessões estruturadas com duração de 90 minutos, uma por semana, com o uso da TCC. Foi aplicada a linearização de Taylor para corrigir os valores de p; o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson foi usado para variáveis categóricas e análise de variância, e o teste t de Student para variáveis contínuas. Foram organizados 44 grupos de tabagistas, com um total de 329 pacientes (178 no grupo entrevista motivacional e 151 no grupo controle). A taxa de cessação do tabagismo com entrevista motivacional foi 61,8%, com RR = 1,25 (IC95%: 1,01-1,54; p = 0,043), comparado com 47,7% no grupo controle, depois da quarta sessão semanal de terapia de grupo. A média de frequência foi de 3,1 sessões (IC95%: 2,9-3,3) no grupo entrevista motivacional e 2,9 (IC95%: 2,5-3,4) no grupo controle. A proporção de participação integral nas sessões foi 65,2% no gruo entrevista motivacional e 57,6% no grupo controle. A entrevista motivacional associada à TCC mostrou ser efetiva e superior à TCC isoladamente para cessação de tabagismo em grupos com quatro sessões semanais e para o perfil da população do estudo (mulheres com média de idade de 50,6 anos).

Fumar es la principal causa de muerte evitable, y uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública alrededor del mundo, siendo la atención primaria un eje estratégico para el tratamiento de este problema. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de las entrevistas motivacionales, asociadas con la terapia comportamental cognitiva (TCC), en grupos de fumadores dentro de la atención primaria. El ensayo clínico grupal aleatorio basado en comunidades se realizó en Brasil, empezó en julio de 2016. Los profesionales en el grupo de prueba fueron entrenados en entrevistas motivacionales durante 8 horas para asociarlo con el TCC. El tratamiento habitual para dejar de fumar en grupos consistía en cuatro sesiones semanales, estructuradas en 90 minutos cada una, usando la TCC. Se aplicó la linealización de Taylor para corregir los valores de p; el test de chi-cuadrado con la correlación de Pearson se usó para las variables categóricas y se utilizaron el análisis de variancia y el test Student t para las variables continuas. Se monitorizaron 44 grupos de fumadores, totalizando 329 pacientes (178 en el entrevistas motivacionales grupo y 151 en el grupo de control). La tasa de abandono del tabaco con entrevistas motivacionales fue 61,8%, con RR = 1,25 (95%CI: 1,01-1,54; p = 0,043), y 47,7% en el grupo de control, en la cuarta sesión grupal de tratamiento semanal. La media de asistencia a sesiones fue 3,1 (95%CI: 2,9-3,3) en el grupo entrevistas motivacionales y 2,9 (95%CI: 2,5-3,4) en el grupo de control. La tasa de finalización para el grupo entrevistas motivacionales fue 65,2%, y para el grupo de control 57,6%. Las entrevistas motivacionales asociadas con la TCC demostró ser efectiva y superior para solamente la TCC de abandonar el tabaco en grupos en la cuarta sesión semanal y para el perfil de la población en estudio (mujeres con una media de edad de 50,6 años).

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Introduction: We assessed satisfaction, fidelity, retention, and implementation considerations across three models of motivational interviewing training in Jamaica to identify a promising model for resource-poor settings. Methods: We conducted t-tests to assess differences in fidelity and examined qualitative data for barriers and facilitators (n=52). Results: Only 50-75% of all models' trainees completed coaching. Model 1 trainees' mean fidelity was 2.83/4.00 compared with Model 3 trainees' at 2.94/4.00 (t=-0.710, confidence interval=-0.427 to 0.207, p=0.483). Key barriers to completion and fidelity were lack of funding and time. Conclusion: We found support for continuing workshop-only trainings; we did not find that higher contact hours produced improved trainee fidelity.