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We used bench-scale tests and mathematical modeling to explore chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for winery wastewater treatment, using either urea or nitrate as a nitrogen source. With urea addition, the COD removal fluxes ranged from 34 to 45 gCOD/m2-d. However, when nitrate was added, fluxes increased up to 65 gCOD/m2-d, twice the amount reported for aerobic biofilms for winery wastewater treatment. A one-dimensional biofilm model, calibrated with data from respirometric tests, accurately captured the experimental results. Both experimental and modelling results suggest that nitrate significantly increased MBBR capacity by stimulating COD oxidation in the deeper, oxygen-limited regions of the biofilm. Our research suggests that the addition of nitrate, or other energetic and broadly used electron acceptors, may provide a cost-effective means of covering peak COD loads in biofilm processes for winery or another industrial wastewater treatment.

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Body composition assessment using instruments such as dual X-ray densitometry (DXA) can be complex and their use is often limited to research. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop and validate a densitometric method for fat mass (FM) estimation using 3D cameras. Using two such cameras, stereographic images, and a mesh reconstruction algorithm, 3D models were obtained. The FM estimations were compared using DXA as a reference. In total, 28 adults, with a mean BMI of 24.5 (±3.7) kg/m2 and mean FM (by DXA) of 19.6 (±5.8) kg, were enrolled. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for body volume (BV) was 0.98-0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99) for intra-observer and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) for inter-observer reliability. The coefficient of variation for kinetic BV was 0.20 and the mean difference (bias) for BV (liter) between Bod Pod and Kinect was 0.16 (95% CI, -1.2 to 1.6), while the limits of agreement (LoA) were 7.1 to -7.5 L. The mean bias for FM (kg) between DXA and Kinect was -0.29 (95% CI, -2.7 to 2.1), and the LoA was 12.1 to -12.7 kg. The adjusted R2 obtained using an FM regression model was 0.86. The measurements of this 3D camera-based system aligned with the reference measurements, showing the system's feasibility as a simpler, more economical screening tool than current systems.

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RESUMEN La Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Potable- PTAP Tibitoc se abastece en gran medida por el Río Bogotá, a través de dos bocatomas ubicadas en el sector El Espino. Allí es evidente el desarrollo incontrolado de la macrófita Buchón de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) atribuido al constante aporte de carga de nutrientes y materia orgánica aguas arriba de la cuenca, lo cual genera problemas en la dinámica ecosistémica del cuerpo de agua, así como en la calidad del recurso que abastece a la planta. El propósito de este estudio, mediante una metodología experimental verdadera, es evaluar la capacidad de absorción de materia orgánica de la especie, representada por la cantidad de materia orgánica removida por unidad de biomasa, estimando un valor máximo de remoción equivalente a 19,53 mg O2 L-1/g por unidad de Buchón, y con ayuda del modelo logístico de crecimiento, se valida el periodo en el cual se puede mantener la especie en el cuerpo de agua, sin que esta afecte el sistema, concluyendo que su eficiencia empieza a decaer entre los 165 a 195 días después de sembrar los especímenes en cauce de la zona de estudio, luego de los cuales se sugiere su remoción.

ABSTRACT The Potable Water Treatment Plant - PWTP Tibitoc is largely supplied by the Bogotá River, through two intakes located in the sector El Espino. Is evident the uncontrolled development of the macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes attributed to the constant contribution of nutrients and organic matter load upstream of the basin, which generates problems in the ecosystem dynamics of the body of water, as well as in the quality of the resource that supplies to the plant. The purpose of this study, through a true experimental methodology, is to evaluate the absorption capacity of organic matter of the species, represented by the amount of organic matter removed per unit of biomass estimating a removal value of 19.53 mg O2 L-1/g for unit ofWater Hyacinth. With the help of the logistic growth model, the period in which the species can be maintained in the reservoir is validated without affecting the system, concluding that its efficiency decay between 165 to 195 days after sowing the specimens in the course of the study area, after which removal is suggested.

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The Santiago River (Jalisco) is a major waterway in western Mexico and has received considerable attention due to its severe pollution. Understanding the impact of reduced human activity on water quality in the Santiago River during the COVID-19 lockdown (April-May 2020) is critical for river management and restoration. However, there has been no published study in this context, presenting a significant knowledge gap. Hence, this study focuses on determining if the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown influenced or improved surface water quality in a 262-km stretch of the Santiago River upstream. Data for 15 water quality parameters collected during the lockdown were compared to levels obtained in 2019 (pre-lockdown), 2021 (unlock), and the previous eleven years (2009-2019). The values of turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS, f. coli, t. coli, nitrate, sulfate, and Pb decreased by 4-36%, while pH, EC, total nitrogen, and As increased by 0.3-21% during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period, indicating a reduction in organic load in the river due to the temporary closure of industrial and commercial activities. An eleven-year comparison estimated a 0-38% decline in pH, TSS, COD, total nitrogen, sulfates, nitrates, and Pb. The unlock-period comparison showed a significant rise of 3-37% in all parameters except As, highlighting the potential repercussions of restoring activity along the Santiago River. Estimated water quality indices demonstrated short-term improvements in river water quality during the lockdown when compared to other time periods investigated. According to factor analysis, the main pollution sources influencing river water quality were untreated household sewage, industrial wastewater, and agricultural effluents. Overall, our analysis showed that the COVID-19-imposed lockdown improved the water quality of the Santiago River, laying the groundwork for local officials to identify pollution sources and better support environmental policies and water quality improvement plans. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12665-022-10430-9.

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Coastal pollution levels in Todos Santos Bay (TSB) recreational beaches have increased in recent years due to the uncontrolled disposal of wastewater and pollutants to the coast by human activities (urbanization and tourism). In this work, the concentration of water quality parameters along the coast of TSB was evaluated from February 2012 to January 2013. Sampling was carried out at monthly intervals on 29 beach locations. Results showed that the maximum values of all parameters were always found close to the treated wastewater discharge area at Arroyo El Gallo station. Temporally, both nutrients and biochemical oxygen demand reached notably high levels in winter-spring and close to wastewater discharges. During summer, maximum counts of total coliforms and parasite eggs were detected close to wastewater discharges. Overall, our study provides a diagnostic approach on the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters for future studies along the coastal waters of TSB.

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Abstract Background Lipoprotein (a) is a cardiovascular risk factor in adult. Studies have shown the presence of this emergent risk factor in school children, which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood. Objective To evaluate the association between lipoprotein (a) and cardiovascular risk factors in school children. Methods Lipoprotein (a) levels were measured in 320 school children (6-14 years) selected from a population survey carried out in Ouro Preto (southeast of Brazil). Demographic (sex and age), biochemical (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose), anthropometric (body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage), clinical (arterial blood pressure, pubertal stage and birth weight) and economic (family income) parameters, as well as family history (obese and/or hypertensive parents) were analyzed. Non-parametric analysis was used to evaluate lipoprotein (a) levels in each subgroup. Variables with p≤0.20 in the univariate analysis were included in binary regression logistic model. Differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results Lipoprotein (a) levels were associated with total cholesterol (p=0.04), body fat (p=0.009), and mother´s systolic (p=0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.04). In a logistic regression analysis, children with high lipoprotein (a) levels and body fat, and children born from hypertensive mothers were, respectively, at 3.2(p=0.01) and 1.4 (p=0.03) times higher risk than other children. In clustering these factors, elevated lipoprotein (a) was 2.6 times more likely to be seen in school children with high body fat and born hypertensive mothers. Conclusions Lipoprotein (a) was correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Persistence of these risk factors in childhood suggests a contribution of elevated lipoprotein (a) to future cardiovascular disease. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

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Objetivos: identificar como os homens e com quem eles aprenderam o cuidado com o corpo. Método: o método assumido nesta investigação foi o cartográfico-qualitativo. O contexto escolhido foi uma escola estadual e uma instituição superior de ensino localizado no município de Boa Vista, onde estão inseridos homens adolescentes e adultos. A estratégia para produção dos dados envolveu encontros coletivos com 30 homens, denominados de assembleias, onde ocorreu a indução de discussões coletivas e modelagens sobre corpo e cuidado. Resultados: foram produzidas 282 unidades de registros. Destacamos como principais cuidados: tomar banho, escovação de dentes, lavagem das genitálias, prática de exercícios físicos, corte de cabelos e unhas. Sobre o aprendizado das ações de cuidar os homens sinalizaram as mães, pais, avós, escola e, por fim, sozinhos. Conclusão: os homens sofreram variados agenciamentos e indicam temas para o cuidado de enfermagem que são de ordem filosófico-existencial, filosófico-clínico e filosófico-espacial

Objectives: identify how men learned to care for the body and with whom they learned that. Method: The method assumed in this investigation was cartographic-qualitative. The context chosen was a state school and a higher education institution located in the municipality of Boa Vista where adolescent and adult men are inserted. The data production strategy had involved collective meetings with 30 men, called assemblies, where the induction of collective discussions and modeling about body and care occurred. Results: 282 units of records were produced. We highlight as main care: bathing, brushing teeth, washing genitals, practicing physical exercises, haircut and cut nails. On the learning of the actions of caring the men had signaled the mothers, parents, grandparents, school and finally themselves. Conclusion: Men suffered varied arrangements over time and indicate topics for nursing care that are philosophicalexistential, philosophical-clinical and philosophical-spatial

Objetivos: identificar como los hombres y con quién ellos aprendieron el cuidado del cuerpo. Método: el método empleado en la investigación fue el cartográfico-cualitativo. El contexto escogido fue una escuela estadual y una institución superior de educación media localizado en el municipio de Boa Vista, incluyendo hombres adolescentes y adultos. La estrategia para producción de datos involucró encuentros colectivos con 30 hombres, denominados asambleas, donde ocurrió la inducción de discusiones colectivas y modelaciones sobre el cuerpo y su cuidado. Resultados: fueron producidos 282 de registros. Destacamos como principales cuidados: tomar la ducha, zepillar dientes, lavado de los genitales, practica de ejercicios físicos, corte de cabellos y uñas. Sobre el aprendizaje de las acciones de cuidar los hombres señalaron las madres, padres, abuelos, escuela y por fin ellos mismos. Conclusión: los hombres sufrieron agenciamientos variados e indican temas para el cuidado de enfermería que son de orden filosófico-existencial, filosófico-clínico y filosófico-espacial

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Representatives of the order Labriformes show karyotypes of extreme conservatism together with others with high chromosomal diversification. However, the cytological characterization of epigenetic modifications remains unknown for the majority of the species. In the family Labridae, the most abundant fishes on tropical reefs, the genomes of the genus Bodianus Bloch, 1790 have been characterized by the occurrence of a peculiar chromosomal region, here denominated BOD. This region is exceptionally decondensed, heterochromatic, argentophilic, GC-neutral and, in contrast to classical secondary constrictions, shows no signals of hybridization with 18S rDNA probes. In order to characterize the BOD region, the methylation pattern, the distribution of Alu and Tol2 retrotransposons and of 18S and 5S rDNA sites, respectively, were analyzed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes of two Bodianus species, B. insularis Gomon & Lubbock, 1980 and B. pulchellus (Poey, 1860). Immunolocalization of the 5-methylcytosine revealed hypermethylated chromosomal regions, dispersed along the entire length of the chromosomes of both species, while the BOD regions exhibited a hypomethylated pattern. Hypomethylation of the BOD region is associated with the precise co-location of Tol2 and Alu elements, suggesting their active participation in the regulatory epigenetic process. This evidence underscores a probable differential methylation action during the cell cycle, as well as the role of Tol2/Alu elements in functional processes of fish genomes.

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RESUMO Confiável quantificação da demanda bioquímica de oxigênio exercida (DBO exercida) poderá ser obtida com incubação das amostras sob temperaturas diferentes, desde que o valor da demanda bioquímica de oxigênio última (DBOU) não seja alterado nessas condições. Alguns autores têm relatado aumento no valor da DBOU com a elevação da temperatura de incubação das amostras, o que pode ser decorrente da ocorrência da nitrificação, da aclimatação diferenciada ou do mau ajuste dos modelos de progressão da demanda bioquímica carbonácea de oxigênio (DBO exercida). Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da temperatura sobre a progressão da DBO exercida e o valor da DBOu em amostras de esgoto doméstico bruto, avaliando-se qual modelo melhor se ajusta aos dados obtidos. Os resultados indicaram pequena influência da temperatura de incubação das amostras nos valores da DBOU do esgoto sanitário e que os modelos de primeira e segunda ordens descreveram adequadamente a progressão da DBO exercida.

ABSTRACT Reliable quantification of biochemical oxygen demand exerted (exerted BOD) can be obtained by incubating samples at different temperatures, since the amount of ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (UBOD) does not change in these conditions. Some authors have found increased UBOD values with rise in temperature of incubating samples, which could be due to the occurrence of nitrification, the acclimatization or the inadequacy of modeling of carbonaceous oxygen demand (exerted BOD) progression. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature on the progression of exerted BOD and UBOD values in samples of raw domestic sewage, checking which model best fits the data. The results indicated low influence of incubating sewage samples temperature on UBOD values, being that both models, first and second order, described properly the exerted BOD progression.

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Abscesso retroperitoneal é uma enfermidade infrequente e, muitas vezes, com sintomatologia inespecífica, o que torna difícil o diagnóstico. No presente trabalho é relatado o caso de um paciente masculino, 54 anos, previamente hígido, que apresentou lombociatalgia súbita, além de imagem suspeita na topografia de retroperitônio e, após piora clínica e laboratorial, necessitou-se de intervenção cirúrgica com o propósito diagnóstico e terapêutico (drenagem e retirada do corpo estranho descoberto no transoperatório). Objetivamos, com este relato, enfatizar é fundamental a suspeita clínica para se chegar ao diagnóstico e manejar corretamente essa patologia que, embora rara, deve ser reconhecida precocemente a fim de evitar desfechos fatais.

Retroperitoneal abscess is a rare disease, often with unspecific symptoms, which makes diagnosis difficult. In this paper we report the case of a previously healthy 54-year-old male patient who presented sudden low back pain, besides suspicious image on the retroperitoneal topography. After clinical and laboratory worsening, a surgical intervention was required for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (drainage and removal of foreign body discovered trans-operatively). Our aim with this report is to stress that clinical suspicion is crucial to make the diagnosis and properly manage this condition which, although rare, should be recognized early in order to avoid fatal outcomes.

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Constructed wetlands have become an attractive alternative for wastewater treatment. However, there is not a globally accepted mathematical model to predict their performance. In this study, the VS2DTI software was used to predict the effluent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) in a pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) treating domestic wastewater. After a 5-week adaptation period, the pilot system was monitored for another 6 weeks. Experiments were conducted at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) in the range of 2-4 days with Typha latifolia as the vegetation. The raw wastewater concentrations ranged between 144-430 and 122-283 mg L(-1) for BOD5 and TN, respectively. A first-order kinetic model coupled with the advection/dispersion and Richards' equations was proposed to predict the removal rates of BOD5 and TN from domestic wastewater. Two main physical processes were modeled in this study, porous material water flow and solute transport through the different layers of the VFCW to simulate the constructed wetland (CW) conditions. The model was calibrated based on the BOD5 and TN degradation constants. The model indicated that most of BOD and TN (88 and 92%, respectively) were removed through biological activity followed by adsorption. It was also observed that the evapotranspiration was seen to have a smaller impact. An additional data series of effluent BOD and TN was used for model validation. The residual analysis of the calibrated model showed a relatively random pattern, indicating a decent fit. Thus, the VS2DTI was found to be a useful tool for CW simulation.

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Microbial fuel cells represent an innovative technology which allow simultaneous waste treatment, electricity production, and environmental monitoring. This study provides a preliminary investigation of the use of terrestrial Single chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (SMFCs) as biosensors. Three cells were created using Andean soil, each one for monitoring a BOD concentration of synthetic washed rice wastewater (SRWW) of 10, 100, and 200 mg/L for SMFC1, SMFC2 and SMFC3, respectively. The results showed transient, exponential, and steady stages in the SMFCs. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) peaks were reached during the elapsed time of the transient stages, according to the tested BOD concentrations. A good linearity between OCV and time was observed in the increasing stage. The average OCV in this stage increased independently of the tested concentrations. SMFC1 required less time than SMFC2 to reach the steady stage, suggesting the BOD concentration is an influencing factor in SMFCs, and SMFC3 did not reach it. The OCV ratios were between 40.6-58.8 mV and 18.2-32.9 mV for SMFC1 and SMFC2. The reproducibility of the SMFCs was observed in four and three cycles for SMFC1 and SMFC2, respectively. The presented SMFCs had a good response and reproducibility as biosensor devices, and could be an alternative for environmental monitoring.

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There is a lack of information about the performance and clinical use of body fat measurements in children and adolescents, particularly in obese people. Objective: the purpose of this study was to compare percentage body fat (%BF) among 3 different methodologies, including hydrostatic weighing (HW), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP), in obese adolescents. Subjects: A total of 36 obese adolescents were evaluated, which 15 males (16.00 + 0.9 yrs, 105.0 + 10.9 kg, 179.9 + 7.2 cm, 34.9 + 4.4 kg/m2) and 21 females (16.5 + 1.5 yrs, 91.1 + 10.5 kg, 163.6 + 4.2 cm, 34.1 + 3.7 kg/m2). All of them performed HW, total body DXA and ADP. Results: For males, the means of %BF regarding HW, DXA and ADP were 45.7 + 9.0, 42.3 + 5.2 and 35.6 + 7.9, respectively. For females, the means of %BF were 47.7 + 6.8, 50.7 + 4 and 42.4 + 5.3, respectively. No significant difference was found between HW and DXA. In general, the %BF values provided by ADP measurements were lower than other two methods. Conclusion: There was a good agreement between DXA and HW methods, but ADP measurements can underestimate the %BF in obese adolescents.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bio-electrochemical devices, where usually the anode (but sometimes the cathode, or both) contains microorganisms able to generate and sustain an electrochemical gradient which is used typically to generate electrical power. In the more studied set-up, the anode contains heterotrophic bacteria in anaerobic conditions, capable to oxidize organic molecules releasing protons and electrons, as well as other by-products. Released protons could reach the cathode (through a membrane or not) whereas electrons travel across an external circuit originating an easily measurable direct current flow. MFCs have been proposed fundamentally as electric power producing devices or more recently as hydrogen producing devices. Here we will review the still incipient development of analytical uses of MFCs or related devices or set-ups, in the light of a non-restrictive MFC definition, as promising tools to asset water quality or other measurable parameters. An introduction to biological based analytical methods, including bioassays and biosensors, as well as MFCs design and operating principles, will also be included. Besides, the use of MFCs as biochemical oxygen demand sensors (perhaps the main analytical application of MFCs) is discussed. In a companion review (Part 2), other new analytical applications are reviewed used for toxicity sensors, metabolic sensors, life detectors, and other proposed applications.

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Estudos apontam aumentos expressivos nas prevalências de insatisfação com a imagem corporal. Entretanto, existem poucas informações sobre os diferentes componentes da imagem corporal, como a satisfação com a massa muscular, sendo necessárias investigações aprofundadas a respeito, assim como instrumentos para sua avaliação. Objetivo: este estudo objetivou analisar a versão em Português Brasileiro da Drive for Muscularity Scale em termos de consistência interna e reprodutibilidade em homens e mulheres. Métodos: a versão em Português Brasileiro da Drive for Muscularity Scale foi aplicada em 112 universitários do sexo masculino e feminino. O teste-reteste foi aplicado em 30 universitários também de ambos os sexos. Foram realizadas análises de consistência interna e de reprodutibilidade de forma comparativa entre homens e mulheres. Resultados: a escala apresentou elevados índices de consistência interna, tanto quando analisada como um todo (alfa de Cronbach=0,899), como a partir de seus dois fatores "motivações e desejos" (alfa de Cronbach=0,864) e "atitudes" (alfa de Cronbach=0,857), sendo este resultado semelhante para homens e mulheres. A escala apresentou adequados indicadores de reprodutibilidade para homens (p=0,887) e para mulheres (p=0,258). Os homens, como esperado, apresentaram escores superiores na escala (p=0,001), especialmente no fator "motivações e desejos" (p<0,001). Apesar, disso as pontuações dos dois fatores apresentaram boa associação para ambos os sexos. Conclusão: a Drive for Muscularity Scale apresenta boa reprodutibilidade e consistência interna para ambos os sexos podendo ser utilizada também nas análises da imagem corporal em mulheres...

Studies pointed to expressive increases in prevalence of body image dissatisfaction. However, there few information about different components of body image, as the satisfaction with muscle mass, being necessary deeper investigations about, as well as tools for its evaluation. Objective: this study aimed to analyze the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Drive for Muscularity Scale in terms of internal consistency and reproducibility in men and women. Methods: the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Drive for Muscularity Scale was applied in 112 male and female college students. The test-retest was applied in 30 college students also of both sexes. Analyzes of internal consistency and reproducibility comparing men and women were conducted. Results: The scale showed high internal consistency, both when analyzed as a whole (Cronbach's alpha = 0.899), as when analyzed as from its two factors "motivations and desires" (Cronbach's alpha = 0.864) and "attitudes" (alpha Cronbach = 0.857), which is similar for men and women. The scale showed adequate indicators of reproducibility for men (p = 0.887) and women (p = 0.258). Men as expected had higher scores on the scale (p = 0.001), especially in the factor "motivations and desires" (p <0.001). In spite of that, the scores of the two factors showed a significant association for both sexes. Conclusions: the Drive for Muscularity Scale has good internal consistency and reproducibility for both sexes may also be used in the analysis of body image in women...

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This paper deals with the different ways of obtaining cheese-whey its chemical composition, nutritional value and pollutant load, as well as some available industrial possibilities for its utilization.  

O presente trabalho apresenta as formas de obtenção de soro de leite, composição química, valor nutricional e capacidade poluente, bem como algumas alternativas disponíveis industrialmente para seu aproveitamento.    

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This paper deals with the different ways of obtaining cheese-whey its chemical composition, nutritional value and pollutant load, as well as some available industrial possibilities for its utilization.

O presente trabalho apresenta as formas de obtenção de soro de leite, composição química, valor nutricional e capacidade poluente, bem como algumas alternativas disponíveis industrialmente para seu aproveitamento.