RESUMO
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a very important epidemiological pathology in our environment. It has a peak incidence between 16 to 39 years of age. It is estimated that between 70-84% of ACL injuries are non-contact. The "no return" position describes the knee in valgus, femoral external rotation, tibial internal rotation and semiflexion, promoting injury to this ligament. Geometric measurements of the knee have been associated with an increased probability of non-contact ACL injury. The management of ACL tears is divided into two: conservative treatment and surgical management. Early OA (osteoarthritis) is the most common consequence of an ACL tear. We present the case of a 35-year-old patient with an inveterate ACL rupture of 10 years of evolution. With conservative management initially that progresses to knee instability and pain in the medial and lateral joint line as well as increased volume and functional limitation. After diagnostic studies, it was decided to perform diagnostic-therapeutic arthroscopy and continued close follow-up for associated pathology.
La ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es una patología epidemiológicamente muy importante en nuestro medio. Tiene un pico de incidencia entre los 16 a 39 años de edad. Se calcula que entre 70-84% de las lesiones de LCA son sin contacto. La posición de "no retorno" describe a la rodilla en valgo, rotación externa femoral, rotación interna tibial y semiflexión, promoviendo la lesión de este ligamento. Las medidas geométricas de la rodilla se han asociado con un aumento en la probabilidad de lesión del LCA sin contacto. La ruptura crónica del LCA conlleva al desarrollo de artrosis en pacientes jóvenes. El manejo de la ruptura del LCA se divide en dos: tratamiento conservador y manejo quirúrgico. La osteoartrosis temprana es la consecuencia más común de la ruptura del LCA. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 35 años con ruptura inveterada del LCA de 10 años de evolución. Con manejo conservador inicialmente que progresa a inestabilidad de rodilla y dolor en línea articular medial y lateral, así como aumento de volumen y limitación funcional. Tras estudios diagnósticos, se decide realizar artroscopía diagnóstica-terapéutica y se continúa con seguimiento estrecho por patología asociada.
Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Traumatismos do Joelho , Osteoartrite , Humanos , Adulto , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/complicações , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Ruptura/complicaçõesRESUMO
There are many factors involved in the delayed graft function of a renal graft, with prolonged cold ischemia time being one of the most relevant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the time of cold ischemia and the delayed graft function, and acute rejection and graft loss at 1 year of follow-up. A retrospective cohort of 347 renal transplant patients were evaluated during the years 2009-2013. The incidence of delayed graft function was 18.4% (n = 65). The cold ischemia time was an independent risk factor for delayed graft function (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.16). By grouping the time of cold ischemia by intervals, the risk of delayed graft function was greater in the 12-18 hours group (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.02-4.15) and in the >18 hours group (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.57-7.27). The risk of acute rejection did not increase with longer cold ischemia (p = 0.69), and cold ischemia time was not a risk factor for renal graft loss at 1-year follow-up (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.88-1.06). In conclusion the time of cold ischemia (>12 hours) in renal transplant recipients of optimal deceased donors increases the risk of delayed graft function; however, this does not negatively impact the results in acute rejection or graft loss in the first year of the transplant.
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RESUMEN Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) es un patógeno emergente causante de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos de consumo masivo principalmente cárnicos y lácteos. Actualmente se buscan diferentes estrategias para su control, entre ellas compuestos naturales producidos por otros microorganismos como ácidos orgánicos y otros compuestos como lactoferrina, lisozima y bacteriocinas, estas últimas producidas por especies de bacterias como Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp). El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de cepas de Lp aisladas de suero costeño sobre el control de crecimiento de L. monocytogenes inoculada en co-cultivos. Se realizaron curvas de crecimiento para Lm, Lp 60-1 y Lp 62-1 y co-cultivos de cada Lp con Lm. La cinética de crecimiento fue evaluada determinando la viabilidad durante 24h en agares selectivos. La tasa de crecimiento de L. monocytogenes inoculada como control en leche UHT y en co-cultivos, presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre los tratamientos, evidenciando que el control alcanzó un valor promedio de tasa de crecimiento mayor (µmax =0,65 h-1), que el obtenido para los co-cultivos con Lp 60-1 y Lp 62-1 (µmax =0,22 h-1 y µmax =0,27 h-1 respectivamente). La mayor diferencia fue alcanzada en el co cultivo con Lp 60-1, obteniendo el menor valor promedio de tasa de crecimiento de Lm. Los resultados demuestran la eficiencia de las cepas de Lp (60-1 y 62-1) para el control de crecimiento de Lm en leche UHT comercial, siendo esta una alternativa para reducir el uso de aditivos químicos durante la producción de lácteos.
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an emerging pathogen causing foodborne diseases especially in dairy products and meat. Nowadays are sought different strategies to their control for example natural compounds produced by microorganisms, such as organic acids and other compounds as lactoferrin, lysozyme and bacteriocins, the latter produced by bacterial species as Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp). The main objective of this research was to determine the effect of Lp strains isolated from "Suero costeño" inoculated in co-culture over the L. monocytogenes growth. There where made growth kinetics for Lm, Lp 60-1 and Lp 62-1 and co-cultures of each Lp with Lm. The growth kinetic was evaluated establishing the viability during 24h in selective culture media. The growth rate of L. monocytogenes inoculated in UHT milk and in co-culture, showed a significative difference (p<0,05) between the treatments, demonstrating that the control reach an average value of growth rate higher (µmax =0,65 h-1) than the one obtained for the co-culture with Lp 60-1 and Lp 62-1 (µmax =0,22 h-1 and µmax =0,27 h-1 respectively). The higher difference between the last two treatments was given by the treatment with Lp 60-1, obtaining the lowest average value for the Lm growth. The results showed the efficiency of the Lp strains (60-1 y 62-1) for the growth control of Lm in UHT commercial milk, being an alternative to reduce the use of chemical additives during the production of dairy products.
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Bovine tuberculosis (TBB) is a zoonotic disease distributed worldwide and is of great importance for public health and the livestock industry. Several experimental vaccines against this disease have been evaluated in recent years, yielding varying results. An example is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which has been used extensively in humans and tested in cattle showing mixed results related to protection (0-80%) against Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, we used the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis as an expression system for production of mycobacterial protein Hsp65. For this purpose, the construction of a replicable plasmid in strain NZ9000 L. lactis (pVElepr) was conducted, which expressed the Mycobacterium leprae Hsp65 antigen, and was recognized by traded anti-Hsp65 antibodies. The strain NZ9000-pVElepr was applied to calves that were negative to tuberculin test and the immune response was monitored. The results showed that immune response was not significantly increased in calves with NZ9000-pVElepr with respect to control groups, and no injury was observed in any lung or lymph of the calves. Finally, this study suggest that the recombinant NZ9000 strain of L. lactis may protect against the development of M. bovis infection, although studies with longer exposure to this pathogen are necessary to conclude the matter.
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Solid organ transplantation is an accepted therapy for end-stage diseases of the kidneys, liver, heart, and lungs. Unfortunately, transplantation is associated with infectious complications. Here, we present a case report of Prototheca wickerhamii olecranon bursitis and review all of the cases in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients published in the literature to date. In our patient, the infection resolved with surgical therapy and limited antifungal therapy, and no symptoms have recurred over 24 months of follow-up. A review of the literature suggests that 50% of SOT recipients with Prototheca infection present with disseminated infection, and the overall mortality is 75%. More studies are required to determine the optimal management of protothecosis in this population.
Assuntos
Bursite/microbiologia , Infecções/etiologia , Infecções/terapia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Prototheca , Idoso , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , MasculinoRESUMO
La infección por Entamoeba histolytica sigue siendo un problema mayor de salud pública en los países en desarrollo como Colombia. Aunque en la gran mayoría de casos se presenta como una disentería o un absceso hepático amebiano, existen casos donde la evolución genera una verdadera masa inflamatoria en el colon llamada ameboma. Estos amebomas son fácilmente confundidos con una lesión neoplásica y, de no tener un gran nivel de sospecha clínica o endoscópica, terminan en una resección de colon con un diagnóstico posoperatorio dado por la presencia de trofozoítos sin malignidad. Sin embargo, cuando el diagnóstico se hace de manera preoperatoria, podría haber resolución del cuadro sin necesidad de cirugía. Exponemos el caso de una rara presentación de ameboma en el recto asociado con un absceso hepático perforado, en el cual se hizo un diagnóstico preoperatorio, pero dada la ruptura de la lesión en el hígado, requirió de una intervención quirúrgica.
Entamoeba histolytica infections continue to be a major public health problem in developing countries such as Colombia. Although it most often presents as dysentery or amebic liver abscess, there are cases in which a true inflammatory mass develops in the colon. This is called an ameboma. These amebomas are easily confused with neoplastic lesions so that in the absence of a high level of clinical and endoscopic suspicion, a colon resection may be performed with the postoperative diagnosis given by the presence of trophozoites without malignancy. However, when the diagnosis is made preoperatively symptoms can be without surgery. We report a rare presentation of ameboma in the rectum associated with a perforated liver abscess. This was diagnosed prior to surgey, but given the liver injury, required surgery.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Amebíase , Entamoeba histolytica , Abscesso Hepático AmebianoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is an uncommon systemic fungal infection, but it is potentially fatal in immunosuppressed populations. In Latin America, which is considered an endemic area for this mycosis, there have been no published reports regarding the incidence, clinical presentation, morbidity, and mortality of histoplasmosis in renal transplant patients. The objective of this study was to describe cases of histoplasmosis in renal transplant patients treated at the Pablo Tobon Uribe Hospital (Medellin, Colombia) between 2006 and 2013. METHODS: This is a descriptive, retrospective study. RESULTS: The incidence of histoplasmosis in our renal transplant population was 1.1%. The ages of the 9 patients (4 men and 5 women) ranged between 27 and 59 years. In 2 of these patients, histoplasmosis appeared during the first year after transplantation. At the time of transplantation, 66% of patients received induction with alemtuzumab; 88% had a prior rejection episode and required increased immunosuppressive medication; 88% had renal graft dysfunction with creatinine levels >1.5 mg/dL; and the primary clinical presentation was disseminated histoplasmosis followed by the pulmonary form of the disease. Diagnoses were performed by histology in 6 patients, blood culture in 2 patients, and antigenuria in 1 patient. Three patients required treatment with amphotericin B for the severity of their infection, and 2 of these patients died before receiving the cumulative dose of amphotericin B. The 7 remaining patients received itraconazole for 12 months and had a successful treatment response. Regarding complications, 2 patients had hemophagocytic syndrome. At the 1-year follow-up appointment, renal function remained stable in all patients, and no patients had acute rejection or required renal replacement therapy. Thus, the overall mortality rate observed was 22.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, histoplasmosis in renal transplant patients presented as an aggressive opportunistic infection with a higher incidence than that previously reported in the literature. The following risk factors have been associated with histoplasmosis: renal graft dysfunction, previous acute rejection, immunosuppression with tacrolimus-mycophenolate, and induction with alemtuzumab. The clinical presentation of histoplasmosis was nonspecific, which complicated disease diagnosis, and the treatment regimens were highly toxic and associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates.
Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas , Histoplasmose/epidemiologia , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim , Infecções Oportunistas/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Colômbia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Histoplasmose/etiologia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Oportunistas/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Omega and unusual fatty acids were evaluated from ethanol extracts of roots and leaves ofPlukenetia volúbilis L. were evaluated. Seed oil was obtained by soxhlet and bioreactor; the fatty acids were determined and characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Also, antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS/HRP enzymatic. Fatty acid in seed oil was beyond 80%. Meanwhile, the main unusually fatty acids in leaves and roots are ciclopropenic acids. The phytocompounds, omega and functional fatty acids could be responsible for the lipophilic antioxidant activity in leaves.
A partir de extractos etanólicos de hojas y raíces de Plukenetia volúbilis L, se evaluó la presencia de ácidos grasos omega (FAc) y funcionales. El aceite de las semillas de la planta, extraído por Soxhlet y a través de un biorreactor, fue caracterizado físicamente, se le determinó el perfil lipídico mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM) y, se evaluó el potencial antioxidante (ABTS-HRP). El análisis dejó ver que el aceite del vegetal contiene ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en una proporción mayor al 80%. Los extractos de hojas y raíces mostraron principalmente ácidos de tipo ciclo-propénico. Tanto los fitocompuestos como los ácidos grasos omega y funcionales parecen estar asociados con la actividad antioxidante de las hojas.
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Arachis , Fenômenos Químicos , Ácidos Graxos , AntioxidantesRESUMO
The protective efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1 x 10(6) single dose) was evaluated under field conditions. A total of 140 male Holstein Friesian calves, one to two week-old were selected. Two groups of 70 each were formed, one group was vaccinated and the other was injected with a placebo during their second week of age and followed until 12 months of age. The study considered a positive case of tuberculosis to be an animal that had a positive reaction to the three following tests in a row: tuberculin, IFNgamma PPD-B and IFNgamma ESAT6-CFP10 during the 12 months of exposure. The results showed a 59.4% efficacy (IC95%: 47.64-71.16). The non-vaccinated calves were 2.4 times more at risk of becoming infected (IC95%: 1.07-5.68) compared to vaccinated animals. As a complementary test a PCR test was performed using nasal exudates in some animals from both groups using a Mycobacterium complex detection kit. All the positive PCR reactions (5/44) were found in the non-vaccinated animals. These findings suggest that the use of the BCG vaccine, even though it is not capable of protecting 100%, does prevent TB vaccinated animals from excreting bacilli in their nasal secretions at their first year of age.
Assuntos
Vacina BCG/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Bovina/prevenção & controle , Fatores Etários , Animais , Bovinos/imunologia , Bovinos/microbiologia , Interferon gama/sangue , Masculino , Mycobacterium bovis/imunologia , Mucosa Nasal/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Teste Tuberculínico/veterinária , Tuberculose Bovina/imunologiaRESUMO
Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a mycobacterium highly similar to M. tuberculosis that belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex. The main host of M. bovis is cattle but it also affects many other mammalians including humans. Tuberculosis in humans caused by either M. bovis or M. tuberculosis is clinically hard to distinguish. During 2004-2005, samples from 448 patients with diagnosis of TB were collected from different regions of Argentina. The PRA technique identified 400 isolates with representative patterns of mycobacterium. The predominant ones were the M. tuberculosis complex, the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex and M. gordonae. Samples with M. tuberculosis complex PRA restriction profiles were analyzed with a multiplex PCR to differentiate between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Multiplex PCR identified nine M. bovis. The results allowed the possibility to establish that 2% of pulmonary tuberculosis was due to M. bovis. Isolates of M. bovis from humans were examined using spoligotyping. These isolates presented five different spoligotypes. The main spoligotype was also the most frequently one found in cattle. The remaining human spoligotypes (grouped in clusters) are occasionally found in cattle. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis identified five different patterns. By combining the results of spoligotyping and VNTR analysis, we were able to differentiate seven M. bovis isolates. The remaining two M. bovis samples showed the same spoligotype and VNTR profile and belonged to household contacts. An MDR-M. bovis was isolated from the samples of these household contacts. The identification of two epidemiologically linked cases of human M. bovis infection suggests person-to-person transmission of an MDR-M. bovis.
Assuntos
Repetições Minissatélites/genética , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium bovis/classificação , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/transmissão , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bovinos , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Genótipo , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Mycobacterium bovis/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Tuberculose/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Mexico, more than 80% of the population is infected with Helicobacter pylori. The frequency of H. pylori detection in the oral cavity is unknown, as its relationship with gastroesophageal pathology. AIM: To detect the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity in Mexican population by PCR and to determine its association with gastroesophageal disease. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups with different clinic conditions from whom gastric biopsy, dental plaque, and saliva samples were taken and analyzed. The first group comprised of hospitalized patients, the majority of whom were diagnosed with gastroesophageal disease, while the second group was selected from a dental clinic (ambulatory population) the majority of whom appeared to be healthy subjects. RESULTS: H. pylori was detected in gastric biopsy, dental plaque and saliva samples by PCR using a set of specific primers for the signal sequence of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene; detection of H. pylori in general was higher in gastric biopsy and dental plaque samples than in saliva samples. Detection of H. pylori in the oral cavity is significantly (P = 0.0001) associated with patients presenting gastroesophageal disease, while healthy subjects and those with other non-gastric disease do not present with H. pylori in their oral cavity. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori detection in the oral cavity is associated to gastroesophageal disease. In addition, it is suggested that all patients presenting gastric symptoms and H. pylori detection in the oral cavity would begin bacterial treatment immediately.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Doenças do Esôfago/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Gastropatias/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Doenças do Esôfago/microbiologia , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saliva/microbiologia , Gastropatias/microbiologiaRESUMO
Johne's disease or paratuberculosis is widespread in almost all countries and remains difficult to eradicate. Nowadays, diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MPTB) infection is one of the main concerns. In this work, we evaluated the expression, biochemical properties and antigenicity of the Apa antigen, encoded by the gene annotated as MAP1569, in the MPTB genome. We confirmed its expression in MPTB and its glycosylation by the ConA binding assay. Although the MPTB-Apa is not an immunodominant antigen, MPTB-infected cattle showed a strong humoral response to recombinant Apa by Western blot and ELISA. Milk was also a suitable sample to be tested by ELISA. We comparatively analysed the humoral cross-reactivity to the Apa from MPTB (MPTB-Apa) and the orthologue from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT-Apa, identical to that from Mycobacterium bovis) in both infected and control cows. Response of M. bovis- and MPTB-infected animals against MT-Apa was similar (P=0.6985) but the response of the M. bovis-infected ones to MPTB-Apa was differential, being significantly diminished (P<0.0001). Although 6 out 45 animals from MPTB-infected herds responded to MPTB-Apa stimulation in the IFNgamma release assay, we found no significant differences when compared infected herds with non-infected ones (P=0.34). This antigen, in contrast to bovine Purified Protein Derivative (PPDb), was strongly represented in avian PPD (PPDa), as shown by the recognition of BALB/c mice hyperimmune sera against MPTB-Apa by Dot-blot immunoassay. We therefore demonstrated the antigenicity of Apa in MPTB-infected animals and a differential response to the recombinant antigen when compared to M. bovis-infected animals. These traits herein described, added to the usefulness of milk samples to detect IgG anti-Apa, could be important for routine screening in dairy cattle, considering a multiantigenic approach to overcome the lack of immunodominance.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Antígenos de Bactérias , Bovinos/imunologia , Bovinos/microbiologia , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/química , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Reações Cruzadas , Feminino , Genes Bacterianos , Glicosilação , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Leite/imunologia , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/patogenicidade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Paratuberculose/imunologia , Paratuberculose/microbiologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Tuberculina/imunologiaRESUMO
El consumo de fibra dietaria se ha asociado con propiedades de alimentos funcionales, es decir, que además de nutrir proveen condiciones que favorecen la salud intestinal, ayudan en la prevención de cáncer colonrectal, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el mantenimiento del peso. En el presente estudio se evalúan las propiedades funcionales de galletas elaboradas con adición de una mezcla de fibra de cereales en un grupo control y un grupo experimental de voluntarios sanos, los cuales consumen 100 gramos diarios de galletas durante 10 días y suministran información diaria acerca de los efectos y la tolerancia digestiva del producto. Se realizan recuentos microbiológicos, cuantificación de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV: acético, propiónico, butírico), determinación de pH en muestras de materia fecal (MF) y perfil lipídico el día 0 y el día 11. Con el consumo de las galletas se encontraron tendencias positivas en los efectos intestinales mecánicos de los voluntarios
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Fibras na Dieta , Alimento Funcional , BiscoitosRESUMO
En Colombia se han realizado pocos estudios sobre la funcionalidad de extractos comerciales de fibra dietaria micropulverizada, lo que motiva a desarrollar un estudio experimental para establecer metodologías adecuadas en su evaluación, para el desarrollo de nuevos productos alimenticios que promuevan efectos fisiológicos benéficos. El presente estudio busca caracterizar dos extractos comerciales de fibra dietaria micropulverizada de trigo (375) y avena (528) y uno de manzana (659). La composición proximal, el contenido de fibra dietaria total (FDT), soluble (FDS) e insoluble (FDI), además de la viscosidad (nu), tamaño de partícula, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), capacidad de hichamiento (CH), capacidad de adsorción de moléculas orgánicas (CAMO), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y capacidad fermentativa in vitro (CF), presentaron diferencias significativas. Aquellos con mayor contenido de fibra insoluble (375 y 528), muestran valores más bajos de CRA (3.8 y 3.9 g de H2O/g de materia seca MS) y mayores valores de CAMO (11.7 y 10.9 g de aceite/g de MS); la fibra de 375 muestra la mayor CH (7.1 g de H2O/g de MS). En general la CF es baja, lo que se evidencia por la baja cantidad y proporción molar de ácidos grasos acético, popiónico y butírico
Assuntos
Fibras na DietaRESUMO
La placa dental ha sido sugerida como un reservorio importante de Helicobacter pylori, pero la hipótesis de que esta bacteria pueda permanecer como parte integrante de la microbiota residente de la cavidad bucal. Estudios previos realizados en nuestro país demostraron la presencia del microorganismo en 12/32 pacientes, lo que representa un 37,6% de positividad. H. pylori se caracteriza por poseer una gran variabilidad genética, y se ha demostrado la presencia de genes bacterianos específicos que están asociados con la virulencia de las especies bacterianas. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los genotipos vacA y cagA de especies de H. pylori provenientes de placa dental de una muestra de la población venezolana con el fin de determinar los genotipos mas frecuentes de nuestra población a nivel de la cavidad bucal. Fueron evaluadas 69 muestras de placa dental de pacientes con indicación de endoscopia por enfermedad de las vías digestivas superiores, provenientes del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Caracas. Se tomaron muestras de placa dental de cada uno de los pacientes y se realizó la extracción de ADN para el análisis por Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (RCP). Se amplificaron los segmentos de glm M, vac A and cag A. Los resultados demostraron que solo 1/69 muestras (1,4%) fue positiva para la amplificación de glmM. Ninguna de las muestras pudo ser tipificada para las diferentes formas alélicas de vacA , región media de vacA o cagA . Los resultados de la presente investigación demostraron que aún cuando en reportes previos observamos una importante prevalencia de H. pylori en muestras de placa dental, en esta investigación la prevalencia de la bacteria fue muy baja, no pudiéndose identificar los genotipos mas frecuentes a nivel de placa dental.
The aim of this study was to characterize the vacA and cagA genotypes of H. pylori strains from dental plaque of a Venezuelan population. 69 patients attending for routine gastroscopy were evaluated. Dental plaque samples were obtained for DNA extraction and PCR analysis. Amplification of glmM, vacA and cagA segments were performed as previously described. The results demonstrated that only 1/69 (1,4%) was positive for glmM amplification. None of the samples was typeable for vacA signal sequence genotype, vacA mid region or cagA. The results demonstrated that the prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaque of a Venezuelan population was not significant in this study and was not possible to identify the genotypes of H. pylori from dental plaque.
RESUMO
Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el estado actual del conocimiento en lo concerniente a la importancia de la fibra dietaria para el mantenimiento del equilibrio ecológico del colon y del trofismo de los tejidos que constituyen su pared. Se hace una revisión de la literatura publicada en los últimos cinco años sobre la fibra dietaria como alimento funcional. Los autores hacen referencia a las propiedades funcionales de la fibra dietaria y en especial su capacidad fermentativa para conocer los productos de la fermentación y sus beneficios fisiológicos en la salud humana
Assuntos
Fibras na Dieta , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , FermentaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The cagA gene is a marker for the presence of the cag pathogenicity island, and the presence of cagA positive strains of Helicobacter pylori can identify individuals with a higher risk of developing gastrointestinal diseases. AIMS: To study the interaction between H. pylori cagA(+) and cagA(-) strains and the gastric mucosa. METHODS: Patients with H. pylori associated gastritis and peptic ulcers were studied. Biopsies were obtained from the antrum, corpus, fundus, and incisura for H pylori culture, and for in situ hybridisation studies. From each biopsy, multiple single H. pylori colonies were isolated and propagated for DNA isolation, and cagA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For in situ detection of H. pylori an oligonucleotide specific for an H. pylori common antigen and an oligonucleotide specific for cagA were used as probes. Biotinylated probes were incubated with biopsy sections, developed with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase, and amplified with the tyramide system. RESULTS: PCR results for cagA in isolated colonies confirmed the in situ hydridisation studies. In situ hybridisation identified cagA(+) bacteria in patients with cagA(+) isolates; cagA(-) bacteria in patients with cagA(-) isolates, and cagA(+) and cagA (-) bacteria in patients with both cagA(+) and cagA(-) isolates. CagA(-) bacteria usually colonised the mucous gel or the apical epithelial surface, whereas cagA(+) bacteria colonised the immediate vicinity of epithelial cells or the intercellular spaces. CONCLUSIONS: These results document a different in vivo interaction between H. pylori cagA(+) or cagA(-) strains and the gastric mucosa.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Gastrite/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Úlcera Péptica/microbiologia , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Espaço Extracelular/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ/métodosRESUMO
The susceptibilities to three antimicrobials of 195 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Mexican patients is reported; 80% of the strains were resistant to metronidazole, 24% were resistant to clarithromycin, and 18% presented a transient resistance to amoxicillin. Resistance to two or more antimicrobials increased significantly from 1995 to 1997.