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Objective: To evaluate the solubility and the volumetric and morphological alterations of bioceramic filling material (Bio-CP) for primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Bio-CP, Calen thickened with zinc oxide (Calen-ZO), and with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) were placed in 1- or 2-mm-diameter polyethylene tubes and immersed in water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 30 days. The solubility (mass loss) was assessed using methodology modified from ISO 6876. Filling capacity, volumetric changes, and presence of voids were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The surface distribution of the chemical elements and the crystalline phases was evaluated by energy scattering X-ray scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect hydroxyapatite precipitate and components. The Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's or two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used (α = 0.05). Results: The solubility was ZOE > Calen-ZO = Bio-CP. Calen-ZO and Bio-CP were more soluble in water than in PBS. All the materials showed greater solubility in 2-mm tube diameter in both PBS and distilled water, except for Bio-CP in distilled water, which showed no difference between both tube diameters (1 and 2 mm). Only Calen-ZO and ZOE were analyzed by micro-CT, because Bio-CP separated into two phases during scanning. Calen-ZO had greater volumetric loss and presence of voids than ZOE in water, but there was no difference in PBS. The hydroxyapatite precipitate on the surface of Bio-CP and Calen-ZO was detected after immersion in PBS. Conclusion: Although Bio-CP had acceptable solubility and filling capacity, its composition did not allow a proper volumetric and void assessment. From a clinical perspective, Bio-CP has the potential to become a suitable material for root canal filling in primary teeth. Nonetheless, its composition must first be revised to achieve better chemical stability prior to its recommendation.
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Atrazine (ATZ) is part of a group of herbicides called triazines. ATZ is widely used in agricultural areas of Mexico, commonly used for the selective control of weeds in corn and sorghum crops. The exposure to ATZ can have serious human health effects since its use was associated with the development of cutaneous melanoma in an epidemiological study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of maturation and apoptotic markers in primary skin cultures exposed to ATZ. The primary skin cultures were exposed to 0.1, and 10 µM ATZ with or without ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the expression of maturation and apoptotic markers were evaluated by RT-qPCR. We observed a significant increase in all the melanocyte maturation markers in cells exposed to ATZ with or without UV, with SOX-9 and FAK (melanoblast markers) being the highest. Also, the expression of BCL-2 (anti-apoptotic marker) was the most increased gene in cells exposed to ATZ with or without UV. Low concentrations of ATZ and UV radiation induce genetic changes associated with the development of immature melanocytes and activate mechanisms associated with the inhibition of apoptosis characteristics of malignant cell transformation, which will allow proposing new therapeutic targets and generating new restrictions or care in farmers exposed to pesticides such as the ATZ.
Assuntos
Atrazina , Herbicidas , Melanoma , Humanos , Apoptose , Atrazina/toxicidade , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Melanócitos , Melanoma/induzido quimicamente , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
The poultry industry is constantly demanding novel strategies to improve the productivity and health status of hens, prioritizing those based on the holistic use of natural resources. This study aimed to assess the effects of an Allium-based phytobiotic on productivity, egg quality, and fecal microbiota of laying hens. One hundred and ninety-two 14-week-old Lohmann Lite LSL hens were allocated into an experimental farm, fed with a commercial concentrate with and without the Allium-based phytobiotic, and challenged against Salmonella. Productivity, egg quality, and fecal microbiota were monitored for 20 weeks. Results showed that the phytobiotic caused an increase on the number of eggs laid (p < 0.05) and in the feed conversion rate (p < 0.05); meanwhile, egg quality, expressed as egg weight, albumin height, haugh units, egg shell strength, and egg shell thickness remained unchanged (p > 0.05), although yolk color was decreased. Fecal microbiota structure was also modified, indicating a modulation of the gut microbiota by increasing the presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes but reducing Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla. Predicted changes in the functional profiles of fecal microbiota suggest alterations in metabolic activities that could be responsible for the improvement and maintenance of productivity and egg quality when the phytobiotic was supplemented; thus, Allium-based phytobiotic has a major impact on the performance of laying hens associated with a possible gut microbiota modulation.
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Maize silage is used in the diet of dairy cows, with suitable results in milk yield. In this study, the composition and diversity of the bacterial communities of the silage process of Amarillo Zamorano (AZ) Mexican maize landrace with relation to the Antilope (A) commercial hybrid are described. From both types of maize, seeds were sown in experimental plots, plants harvested at the reproductive stage, chopped, and packed in laboratory micro-silos. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated, and DNA was extracted from the juice in the micro-silos. The bacterial communities were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of seven hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The composition of both bacterial communities was dominated by Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales, Lactobacillales mainly in A silage and Enterobacteriales in AZ silage; as well, the core bacterial community of both silages comprises 212 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Sugar concentration showed the highest number of significant associations with OTUs of different phyla. The structure of the bacterial communities was different in both silage fermentation processes, showing that AZ silage has a shorter fermentation process than A silage. In addition, NGS demonstrated the effect of the type of maize and local conditions on silage fermentation and contributed to potential strategies to improve the quality of AZ silage.
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The effect of amylose content in the in vitro digestibility of non-modified and OSA-modified corn starch was studied. Corn starches with different amylose content (waxy, normal and Hylon VII) were treated with 3% OSA solution. In vitro digestibility tests showed that OSA treatment reduced the fraction of fastly digestible starch, an effect that was more pronounced for cooked starch. The amylose content was negatively linked to the decrease of in vitro digestion. HPSEC analysis was conducted to gain insights on the effect of OSA-treatment on in vitro digestibility. The results showed an increase of the molecular weight of starch chains. Besides, the molecular weight increase was similar for amylose and amylopectin fractions. This suggests that OSA could be acting as a cross-linking agent between starch chains, reducing the susceptibility to amylolysis. Overall, OSA treatment induced the formation of more complex starch chains, offering more resistance for amylolytic reactions.
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Amido/metabolismo , Ácido Succínico/química , Zea mays/química , Amilopectina , Amilose , Hidrólise , Amido/químicaRESUMO
miRNAs are important immune regulators in the control of the CD4â¯+â¯T cells phenotype. miR-326 regulates the differentiation towards Th17 cells and the inhibition of miR-155 is associated with low levels of Treg cells. However, miRNAs expression and transcription factors associated with these lymphocyte subsets in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation is still unknown. The aim of this work was to identify Th17 cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), proinflammatory cytokine production and their association with the miRNAs and transcription factors involved. We collected SAT samples obtained by lipoaspiration from individuals with normal weight, overweight and obesity. We obtained the stromal vascular fractions and then a Ficoll gradient was performed to obtain adipose tissue mononuclear cells (ATMC). Th17 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and the expression of miR-326, miR-155, RORC2 and FOXP3 by qRT-PCR. We also analyzed cytokines from the supernatants of the ATMC culture and measured the FOXP3 methylation percentage by bisulfite conversion by PCR. According to the results, the frequency of Th17 cells and RORC2 expression was higher in individuals with obesity and associated with miR-326 expression. The ATMC from this group secreted a proinflammatory cytokine profile by in vitro assay. In contrast, lower levels of mRNA FOXP3 expression was detected in ATMC from individuals with obesity that correlated with methylation percentage of FOXP3 gene but no association with miR-155 was detected. Our results suggested that miR-326 participates in the polarization towards Th17 promoting the inflammatory state in the obesity-induced adipose tissue.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/imunologia , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Obesidade/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Adulto , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/genética , Obesidade/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sirtuins regulate energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity through their ability to act as energy sensors and regulators in several metabolic tissues. AIM: To evaluate the expression levels of sirtuin genes SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6 and their target genes (PPAR-α, PGC1-α, NRF1, DGAT1, PPAR-γ and FOXO3a) in subcutaneous adipose tissue collected from individuals with normoweight, overweight and obesity. METHODS: Adipose tissue samples, obtained by lipoaspiration during liposuction surgery, were processed to obtain RNA, which was reverse-transcribed to cDNA. Then, we measured the expression levels of each gene by qPCR. RESULTS: We found differences in the mRNA expression of SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6 and their target genes (PPAR-α, PGC1-α, NRF1, DGAT1, PPAR-γ and FOXO3a) in adipose tissue from overweight or obese subjects when compared to normoweight subjects. All genes analyzed, except SIRT2, showed correlation with BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in human subcutaneous adipose tissue show that increased body mass index modifies the expression of genes encoding sirtuins and their target genes, which are metabolic regulators of adipose tissue. Therefore, these could be used as biomarkers to predict the ability of adipose tissue to gain mass of adipose tissue.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Obesidade/genética , Sirtuína 1/genética , Sirtuína 2/genética , Sirtuína 3/genética , Sirtuínas/genética , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Sirtuína 1/biossíntese , Sirtuína 2/biossíntese , Sirtuína 3/biossíntese , Sirtuínas/biossíntese , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Lymphomas are solid tumors of the lymphatic system and these are divided into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin tumors may originate from non-nodal tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and they are considered primary when extranodal involvement is equal to or greater than 75% according to the nodal involvement. Extranodal gastrointestinal lymphomas represent 1% to 4% of tumors of the digestive tract, and 10 to 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The stomach is the most common extranodal lymphomas site. We present the clinical case of a sexagenarian male natural of Chiclayo who had an upper GI endoscopy for non-specific symptoms of dyspepsia that only reports gastritis and when admitted to our institution is diagnosed by endoscopy, biochemical markers and pathology as a perforated gastric non-Hodgkin lynphoma.
Assuntos
Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Perfuração Espontânea/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Idoso , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Masculino , Perfuração Espontânea/diagnóstico , Gastropatias/diagnóstico , Gastropatias/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicaçõesRESUMO
Los linfomas son tumores sólidos del sistema linfático y se subdividen en linfomas de Hodgkin y no-Hodgkin. Los tumores no Hodgkin pueden originarse en tejidos no ganglionares como el tubo digestivo y son considerados primarios cuando el compromiso extranodal es igual o superior al 75% con relación al compromiso nodal. Los linfomas extranodales gastrointestinales representan del 1% al 4% de los tumores del tracto digestivo y del 10 al 15% de todos los linfomas no Hodgkin. El estómago es el sitio extranodal más común de los linfomas. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente varón sexagenario natural de Chiclayo que se realiza una endoscopía particular por síntomas inespecíficos de dispepsia y sólo se informa gastritis eritematosa y al ser admitido en nuestra institución se le diagnostica por endoscopía, marcadores bioquímicos y anatomopatología como un linfoma gástrico no Hodgkin perforado
Lymphomas are solid tumors of the lymphatic system and these are divided into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin tumors may originate from non-nodal tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and they are considered primary when extranodal involvement is equal to or greater than 75% according to the nodal involvement. Extranodal gastrointestinal lymphomas represent 1% to 4% of tumors of the digestive tract, and 10 to 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The stomach is the most common extranodal lymphomas site. We present the clinical case of a sexagenarian male natural of Chiclayo who had an upper GI endoscopy for non-specific symptoms of dyspepsia that only reports gastritis and when admitted to our institution is diagnosed by endoscopy, biochemical markers and pathology as a perforated gastric non-Hodgkin lynphoma
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Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Perfuração Espontânea/etiologia , Gastropatias/diagnóstico , Gastropatias/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Perfuração Espontânea/diagnósticoRESUMO
Arabinoxylan gels exhibiting different rheological and lycopene transport properties were obtained by modifying the polysaccharide concentration from 3 to 4% (w/v). The apparent lycopene diffusion coefficient decreased from 2.7 × 10â»7 to 2.4 × 10â»7 cm²/s as the arabinoxylan concentration in the gel changed from 3 to 4% (w/v). A low amount of lycopene is released by diffusion from arabinoxylan gels. These results indicate that arabinoxylan gels could be carriers for lycopene delivery in specific sites after network degradation. The possibility to modulate lycopene release from arabinoxylan gels makes these biomaterials potential candidates for the controlled delivery of biomolecules.
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Carotenoides/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Géis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Xilanos/química , Carotenoides/isolamento & purificação , Difusão , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Cinética , Licopeno , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , ReologiaRESUMO
DNA barcodes could be a useful tool for plant conservation. Of particular importance is the ability to identify unknown plant material, such as from customs seizures of illegally collected specimens. Mexican cacti are an example of a threatened group, under pressure because of wild collection for the xeriscaping trade and private collectors. Mexican cacti also provide a taxonomically and geographically coherent group with which to test DNA barcodes. Here, we sample the matK barcode for 528 species of Cactaceae including approximately 75% of Mexican species and test the utility of the matK region for species-level identification. We find that the matK DNA barcode can be used to identify uniquely 77% of species sampled, and 79-87% of species of particular conservation importance. However, this is far below the desired rate of 95% and there are significant issues for PCR amplification because of the variability of primer sites. Additionally, we test the nuclear ITS regions for the cactus subfamily Opuntioideae and for the genus Ariocarpus (subfamily Cactoideae). We observed higher rates of variation for ITS (86% unique for Opuntioideae sampled) but a much lower PCR success, encountering significant intra-individual polymorphism in Ariocarpus precluding the use of this marker in this taxon. We conclude that the matK region should provide useful information as a DNA barcode for Cactaceae if the problems with primers can be addressed, but matK alone is not sufficiently variable to achieve species-level identification. Additional complementary regions should be investigated as ITS is shown to be unsuitable.
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Cactaceae/genética , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , Variação Genética , Sequência de Bases , Biologia Computacional , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Endorribonucleases/genética , México , Modelos Genéticos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nucleotidiltransferases/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of sleep paralysis in adolescents using a folk expression. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-two adolescents (mean age, 15.9 +/- 0.88 years; 66.8% female) from three high schools in Mexico City completed both a self-reported questionnaire, including a colloquial definition of sleep paralysis and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: A high proportion of the adolescents (92.5%) had heard about the 'a dead body climbed on top of me' expression and 27.6% of them had experienced the phenomenon. Sleep paralysis was present in 25.5% while the prevalence rate for hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations was 22%; 61% had experienced >or=2 episodes in their lifetime. The mean age of onset was 12.5 +/- 3 years. Sleepiness scores for the subjects who had experienced at least one event were not significantly different from subjects who had not experienced any. In 72% of cases, the episodes were composed of both sleep paralysis and hallucinations while 20.2% consisted of only sleep paralysis and 7.8% of only hallucinations. The number and characteristics of events were not significantly different between adolescents with only one episode and those with two or more episodes. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the 'a dead body climbed on top of me' phenomenon suggest that is identical to sleep paralysis and a frequent experience among Mexican adolescents. During adolescence, sleep paralysis seems to be a recurrent phenomenon frequently accompanied by hallucinatory experiences.
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Folclore , Paralisia do Sono/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Idade de Início , Comorbidade , Feminino , Alucinações/diagnóstico , Alucinações/epidemiologia , Alucinações/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Paralisia do Sono/epidemiologia , Paralisia do Sono/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: to describe the procedure which could be useful for teachers and speech therapists engaged within a school context, in the treatment of the phonological mistakes exhibited by children during their primary-school education. It is an attempt to present an intra-subject study and to observe the generalization suffered by the untrained phonemes and processes during the training of a phoneme. METHODS: two children with phonological impairment participated in this research. A Test of Phonology Acosta et al. (1998) was used for the analysis of the simplifications and, later on, an intervention program by minimal pairs was applied. RESULTS: the results seem to indicate that the treatment should start with the process affecting more phonemes and that the most difficult; for example, the phoneme where the process is compulsory applied, should be chosen as the one to be trained. CONCLUSION: the results showed that treatment must begin with the process that affects a major number of phonemes which have more difficulty in their production.
OBJETIVO: descrever procedimento de intervenção fonológica. MÉTODOS: duas crianças com transtorno fonológico participaram do estudo. Foi aplicada a prova de Fonologia de Acosta et al. (1998) para o levantamento das simplificações e, posteriormente, aplicado o programa de intervenção por pares mínimos. RESULTADOS: observou-se generalização dos fonemas e processos fonológicos não treinados durante o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados indicam que o tratamento deve começar por aqueles processos que afetam um maior número de fonemas e que apresentam maior dificuldade em sua produção.
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Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Terapia da Linguagem , Fonética , Fala , Distúrbios da Fala , Transtornos da Articulação , Serviços de Saúde EscolarRESUMO
EI presente trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar las bases para la intervención y el apoyo en el lenguaje en contextos inclusivos. Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de manejar adecuadamente determinados patrones de interacción así como la exigencia de focalizar la intervención teniendo en cuenta el currículo escolar. El apoyo fonoaudiológico debe estar cimentado en estrategias como el andamiaje, el modelado interactivo, el uso de scripts o la modificación de rutinas. Junto a ello es preciso fomentar y apoyar las actividades alrededor de los distintos grupos sociales que conviven dentro del aula; para tal fin se sugiere el uso del apoyo por pares y las estructuras de aprendizaje cooperativas.
The aim of this paper is to show the premises of language intervention and support in inclusive contexts. It is emphasized that children learning in the classroom is largely dependent on teacher-child interaction and curriculum adaptations for children with language-learning disorders. It is also described the procedures to teach language skills in inclusive classrooms: scaffolding, interactive modeling, routines and script training. Interventions to encourage peer interactions may be peer support strategies and cooperative learning.
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Humanos , Criança , Intervenção Educacional Precoce , Grupos de Autoajuda , Terapia da Linguagem/métodos , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/terapia , Educação Inclusiva/métodos , Leitura , Estratégias de Saúde , EnsinoRESUMO
El trabajo fonoaudiológico en contextos educativos necesita algunos cambios urgentes con el fin de alcanzar un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, optimizar el lenguaje de todos los escolares, especialmente de aquellos alumnos de riesgo, con el fin de disminuir el impacto sobre el desarrollo, en general, y sobre el aprendizaje, en particular. En segundo lugar, mejorar los procesos de apoyo a la escuela y a la familia, cambiándose la cultura organizativa basada en el trabajo de especialistas por otra sustentada en la colegialidad y la colaboración educativa. La incorporación de métodos cualitativos de investigación, la introducción de modelos integrados de evaluación (ecológica, cualitativa y dinámica) y la incorporación de parámetros ligados a modelos educativos inclusivos son algunos de los pilares fundamentales para iniciar y sostener el cambio.
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Humanos , Criança , Linguagem Infantil , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Avaliação Educacional/normas , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Deficiências da Aprendizagem , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Entrevistas como Assunto , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Relações Pais-Filho , Apoio SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The need for establishing criteria that facilitate decision-making has lead to search for factors that could predict prognosis and response to treatment for asthma exacerbations. OBJECTIVE: To assess which clinical factors are associated with a rapid response to short-acting beta2 agonists during asthma exacerbations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty consecutive adults with mild to moderate asthma crisis were included. Their medical history and physical examinations were completed and closely monitored: heart rate, respiratory rate, SO2, and FEV-1. They were initially treated with O2 and micronebulized albuterol (2.5 mg every 20' x 4). A FEV-1 > or = 80% of predicted and an improvement at 90' were considered as good response. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four (65.5%) patients had a good response to micronebulized albuterol, while 76 (34.5%) required steroids and hospitalization. Early relapse rate (72 hours) in this study was low (3.4%) and it was associated to other factors, such as: upper airway infection (40%) and history of oral steroids usage in the previous year (80%). The variables associated to a good response were: < 6 hours since crisis started, no hospitalization or steroid use during a crisis in the last year, initial SO2 > or = 90% and initial FEV-1 > or = 60%. CONCLUSIONS: These variables are easily measured and predict a therapeutic response in asthma patients when first seen in the emergency room.
Assuntos
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Albuterol/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Asma/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
El principal objetivo de este artículo es la descripción de un procedimiento que podría ser utilizado por los terapeutas del lenguaje en el tratamiento de los errores fonológicos mostrados por niños durante su educación primaria. Se presenta un estudio intrasujeto y se observa la generalización experimentada hacia fonemas no tratados durante el entrenamiento de un fonema. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento debe comenzarse por el fonema en el que el niño experimenta un mayor nivel de dificultad.
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Humanos , Criança , Transtornos da Linguagem/terapia , Testes de Linguagem , Patologia da Fala e Linguagem/história , EspanhaRESUMO
Susceptibility of kidney to become target of the immunological aggression is easily recognizable when we consider the high number of diseases that, with a pathogenesis explained by autoimmunity mechanisms, have the kidney as a target organ. In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic state stimulates different molecular factors conditioning tubule-interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, among them the most important are: formation of products of advanced glycation; activation of protein kinase C, activation of the angiotensin II and the activation of the nuclear factor kappaB. These factors are closely related to the production of inflammatory cytokines and to the progression of renal damage. This paper reviews the role of these factors in the renal damage of diabetic patients and the effect of some drugs on the progression of the immunological damage.
Assuntos
Nefropatias Diabéticas/imunologia , Nefrite Intersticial/imunologia , Angiotensina II/fisiologia , Animais , Antígenos de Superfície , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/imunologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Progressão da Doença , Fibrose , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Humanos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologia , NF-kappa B/fisiologia , Nefrite Intersticial/patologia , Nefrite Intersticial/terapia , Proteína Quinase C/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Existen pocos estudios que evaluen la respuesta cutánea a antígenos micóticos en personas con diabetes, por lo que analizamos la posible diferencia de la reactividad cutánea a la coccidioidina en sujetos con y sin diabetes mellitus. Material y metodo: Mediante un diseño transversal se estimó la prevalencia de la reactividad cutánea a coccidioidina en una muestra poblacional de 1651 sujetos en una zona endémica de coccidioidomicosis. Se identificaron los portadores de diabetes mellitus, validándose el diagnóstico por criterios clínicos y de laboratorio. Para determinar el grado de asociación de la reactividad con el antecedente de diabetes mellitus se contrastaron los datos crudos y mediante regresión logística ajustada por edad, sexo y zona geográfica de residencia. Se obtuvo razón de momios (RM) e intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento. Resultados: En el estudio poblacional hubo 665 positivos a la coccidioidina (tasa 40.28 por ciento). Se identificaron 76 casos con diabetes mellitus, 23 positivos a la prueba (tasa 30.26 por ciento), con una RM para este grupo de 0.63 (IC 95 por ciento 0.37-1.07), disminuyendo a 0.52 (IC95 por ciento 0.31 - 0.88, p=0.014) al analizar mediante regresión logística ajustada por variables confusoras. Conclusion: La reactividad a la coccidioidina fue significativamente menor en los casos con diabetes mellitus que en la población general. Se sugiere interpretar con cautela la respuesta de esta prueba en personas con DM tipo 2.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coccidioidina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Doenças Endêmicas , México , Prevalência , Coccidioidomicose , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
Objetivo: Demostrar que existen alternativas en el manejo de la cirugía nasal, además de las clásicas técnicas generales inhalatorias y endovenosas, en las que se realiza intubación orotraqueal para proteger la vía aérea de secreciones, sangrado, y mantener una vía continua de suministro de oxígeno. También, probar la utilidad de un instrumento tecnológicamente innovador, la máscara laríngea, que proporciona una vía aérea controlada, predecible y a través de la cual se puede administrar oxigeno y anestésicos inhalatorios, siendo minimamente estimulante y de colocación sencilla. Material y Métodos: Se obtuvo la muestra de los pacientes programados para rinoseptumplastía de Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Se trata de 30 sujetos en dos grupos de 15 en forma aleatoria. El grupo experimental se manejo con inducción endovenosa para colocación de la LMA, a través de la cual se suministro oxígeno. Se dio mantenimiento con infusión continua de propofol a dosis de sedación y meperidina (dosis única). El grupo control recibió una técnica general balanceada, IOT previa inducción endovenosa, empleando en el mantenimiento enfluorano y fentanyl (bolos). En algunos grupos se infiltró lidocaína con epinefrina 1:200 000 en la región nasal. Resultados: En el grupo experimental se observó reducción del sangrado quirúrgico entre un 50 y 90 por ciento, del tiempo de recuperación postanestésica en un 25 por ciento. Se registraron mayores alteraciones de la frecuencia cardíaca y mayor retención de CO2. Conclusiones: Demostramos que una técnica de sedación endovenosa aunada a infiltración adecuada de la región nasal, suministrando oxígeno a través de la máscara laríngea, brinda condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo del transanestésico en pacientes ASA. I y II