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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical relevance of using the XP-endo Finisher as a supplementary tool to improve the success of root canal treatment of posterior teeth with apical periodontitis, as assessed by 1-year follow-up. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 92 posterior teeth with apical periodontitis. Root canal treatment was performed using a single reciprocating file, with or without the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher. The status of apical periodontitis was assessed using the periapical index (PAI) at baseline and 1 year follow-up. Changes on PAI indicated that the lesions were healed, healing, or not healed. Successful treatments were defined as healed or healing lesions without clinical symptoms. Chi-square analysis and logistic regression were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the distribution of healing status between the XP-endo Finisher group and the control group (p = 0.690). The success rates were also similar, with 81% in the XP-endo Finisher group and 78% in the control group. However, gender had a significant impact on success rates, with higher rates observed in females. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the XP-endo Finisher file as a supplementary tool did not affect the success rate of root canal treatment in posterior teeth with apical periodontitis. The findings indicate that the XP-endo Finisher file has limited clinical relevance in improving treatment outcomes for root canal treatment in posterior teeth with apical periodontitis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry under identification number RBR-76w7cj (June 19, 2018).

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Aim: The literature has not yet reported investigations about the effect of laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) over the cytotoxicity of drugs for endodontic treatments. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of the association between LPBM and intracanal medications on fibroblasts viability in different exposure times. Methods: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and iodoform (IO) were used pure or associated to LPBM. Eluates of medications were prepared and placed in contact with the cells in three different periods: 24h, 48h and 72h. Laser irradiation (emitting radiation λ 660nm, power density of 10mW, energy density of 3 J/cm²) has been performed in two sessions within a six hour interval, for 12s per well. After each experimental time, the colorimetric assay (MTT) has been performed. Statistical analysis was applied for Mann-Whitney test with 5% α error admitted test. Results: At 24h, the use of LPBM did not increase cell viability while after 72h cell proliferation was stimulated in the group without medications. LPBM application did not increase cell viability in Ca(OH)2 group and IO at any tested time. Ca(OH)2 cytotoxicity at 24h was higher than iodoform, while at 72h not difference was observed. Therefore, after 72 hours was no statistical difference between the IO and Ca(OH)2 groups. Conclusion: LPBM was able to increase cell viability in 72h in the group without medication, although no improvement was observed in the other groups. Thus, LPBM was not able to reduce the cytotoxic effects of the materials on fibroblasts in vitro

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The dental pulp sensibility test is one of the main auxiliary resources for the diagnosis of pulp pathologies, and its accuracy is still debatable. This cross-sectional observational study evaluated the accuracy of the pulp sensibility test (PST) using cold spray (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) for the diagnosis of pulp diseases and determined the effect of individual and clinical variables on the reliability of this test. The paper was designed following the STROBE statement. Sixty patients with indications for primary endodontic treatment were selected and examined from August 2017 to July 2018. Data collection was performed through interviews, clinical/radiographic examinations and the PST. The results of the cold test, along with data on sex, age, the tooth type regarding the root number, and the presence of restorations and caries, as well as the recent consumption of analgesics, were recorded. The presence of bleeding within the pulp chamber was used as the gold standard to compare with the clinical diagnosis and to identify the true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative responses. The accuracy of PST achieved in subgroups of individual and clinical variables was compared using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). The PST with the use of cold spray showed a sensitivity of 0.88, a specificity of 1.00, a positive predictive value of 1.00, a negative predictive value of 0.86, and an accuracy of 0.93. The accuracy of the cold spray was not affected by individual or clinical variables. The PST with the use of cold spray is an accurate and reliable method for determining the diagnosis of pulp diseases, especially in cases of pulp vitality or irreversible pulpitis.

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This study aimed to analyze the tissue reaction caused by carvacrol paste associated or not with laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) at λ660 nm in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into four groups and they received the following interventions: subcutaneous implantation of empty polyethylene tubes (CTR), implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste (CVC), implantation of empty tubes and LPBM (LLLT), and implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste and LPBM (CVCLT). The animals were euthanized at three, eight, and 15 days after surgery. The inflammatory reaction and fibroplasia were analyzed histomorphometrically. Significant differences among the groups were determined by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). In the 3-day period, the CVCLT group had low inflammatory infiltration (p<0.01). In the 8- and 15-day periods, the LLLT and CVCLT groups presented a low amount of lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Regarding the formation of fibrous tissue, the CVC group had the highest formation of type III collagen in the 8-day period (p<0.001). In the 15-day period, the CVCLT group had a lower formation of type I collagen than the CTR and LLLT groups (p<0.05). The use of the carvacrol paste associated with photobiomodulation optimizes the inflammatory period and tissue repair.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a reação tecidual causada pela pasta de carvacrol associada ou não à fotobiomodulação a laser (LPBM) a λ660 nm no tecido subcutâneo de ratos. Sessenta ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos e receberam as seguintes intervenções: implantação subcutânea de tubos de polietileno vazios (CTR); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol (CVC); implantação de tubos vazios e LPBM (LLLT); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol e LPBM (CVCLT). Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 03, 08 e 15 dias após a cirurgia. A reação inflamatória e a fibroplasia foram analisadas histologicamente. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram determinadas pelo teste ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). No período de três dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor infiltração inflamatória (p<0,01). No período de 8 e 15 dias, os grupos LLLT e CVCLT apresentaram menor quantidade de infiltrado inflamatório linfocitário (p<0,01 e p<0,05). Em relação à formação de tecido fibroso, o grupo CVC apresentou maior formação de colágeno tipo III no período de 8 dias (p<0,001). No período de 15 dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor formação de colágeno tipo I em relação aos grupos CTR e LLLT (p<0,05). O uso da pasta de carvacrol associado à fotobiomodulação a laser otimiza o período inflamatório e o reparo tecidual.

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This trial assessed post-operative pain and healing of apical periodontitis following endodontic therapy with a reciprocating system compared to a crown-down technique with hand files and lateral compaction filling. One-hundred and twenty nonvital anterior teeth with apical periodontitis were randomly treated using either a reciprocating single file followed by matching-taper single-cone filling or a hand file and lateral compaction filling. Postoperative pain was assessed during the 7 days after the treatment, using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating scale. Apical healing was assessed using the periapical index score after a 12-month follow-up. The hypothesis tested was that both protocols were equivalent and present similar effectiveness in healing periapical lesions. Data were analyzed through two one-sided tests, t-tests, as well as Mann-Whitney and Chi-squared tests (α = 0.05). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of clinical and demographic factors with the success of treatment. Regardless of the assessment time, no difference in incidence (38%-43% at first 24h), intensity of postoperative pain, and incidence of flare-up (≈ 3%) was observed between the two endodontic protocols. Both protocols resulted in a similar healing rate of apical periodontitis. After 12 months, the success rate ranged from 73% to 78% and the difference between the treatments fell within the pre-established equivalence margin (-0.1; -0.41 to 0.2). Endodontic treatment combining a reciprocating single file with matching-taper single cone showed similar clinical effectiveness to the treatment using hand-file instrumentation and the lateral compaction filling.

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This study aimed to evaluate in vivo the effect of laser photobiomodulation associated with a repair cement (MTA Repair HP™) on the process of bone repair in the femur of rats, through histological and histomorphometric assays. Forty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, with two periods of euthanasia - 15 and 21 days (n = 5 per period). Under general anesthesia, a bone defect was made in the left femur of each animal. In the LS (Laser) group, the defect was irradiated following the parameters: λ = 808 nm, P = 100 mW, ED = 80 J/cm2 per point, 22 s per point, E = 2.2 J per point. In the LM (MTA Repair HP™ + Laser) group, the defect was filled with MTA Repair HP™ and irradiated with laser in the same protocol of the LS group. In the MH (MTA Repair HP™) group, the defect was filled with MTA Repair HP™ without irradiation. In the CTR (Control) group, the bone defect received no treatment. At 15 days, the mean index of bone neoformation in the defect area was significantly lower in the CTR group as compared to the MH, LS, and LM groups. At 21 days, the LM group presented significantly greater bone neoformation than the MH group, without significant difference between LS and LM. Laser photobiomodulation therapy is promising as an adjuvant in the bone repair process, especially when associated with the use of biomaterials.

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The low-level laser has proven successful in stimulating the production of collagen in wound healing assays. However, diversity has been observed in the protocols used. This work has evaluated the effects of three protocols of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the healing of open wounds in rats. Standard-sized wounds of 1 cm2 were performed with a scalpel in the middorsal region of 60 male Wistar rats weighing 225±25 g, and they were assigned into four groups (n=15): CTR (non-irradiated animals), LT1 (20 J/cm2 daily), LT2 (16 J/cm2 daily) and LT3 (20 J/cm2 daily). After 7, 14 and 21 days, five animals/day were euthanized and the wounds analyzed histologically. Data were subjected to normality analysis of distribution using Shapiro-Wilk test. Gaussian data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests whereas non-Gaussian data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, considering significant p values less than 0.05. The LLLT in all protocols reduced the inflammation and collagen deposition increased significantly (p<0.05). However, LT2 showed the highest levels of collagen in all phases of the study (p<0.05) induced faster replacement of immature collagen III by mature collagen I in the early stages of repair and early collagen remodeling promoted by providing better organization architectural beams deposited. It was concluded that all protocols induced an increase in collagen scar. However, the protocol 2 (16 J /cm2, daily application) promoted the most significant increases in collagen deposition, accelerated maturation of collagen and showed the best architecture of the final fibrous scarring.

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Abstract The low-level laser has proven successful in stimulating the production of collagen in wound healing assays. However, diversity has been observed in the protocols used. This work has evaluated the effects of three protocols of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the healing of open wounds in rats. Standard-sized wounds of 1 cm2 were performed with a scalpel in the middorsal region of 60 male Wistar rats weighing 225±25 g, and they were assigned into four groups (n=15): CTR (non-irradiated animals), LT1 (20 J/cm2 daily), LT2 (16 J/cm2 daily) and LT3 (20 J/cm2 daily). After 7, 14 and 21 days, five animals/day were euthanized and the wounds analyzed histologically. Data were subjected to normality analysis of distribution using Shapiro-Wilk test. Gaussian data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests whereas non-Gaussian data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, considering significant p values less than 0.05. The LLLT in all protocols reduced the inflammation and collagen deposition increased significantly (p<0.05). However, LT2 showed the highest levels of collagen in all phases of the study (p<0.05) induced faster replacement of immature collagen III by mature collagen I in the early stages of repair and early collagen remodeling promoted by providing better organization architectural beams deposited. It was concluded that all protocols induced an increase in collagen scar. However, the protocol 2 (16 J /cm2, daily application) promoted the most significant increases in collagen deposition, accelerated maturation of collagen and showed the best architecture of the final fibrous scarring.

Resumo O laser de baixa potência provou ter sucesso em estimular a produção de colágeno em ensaios de cicatrização de feridas. Entretanto, grande diversidade tem sido observada nos protocolos utilizados. Este trabalho avaliou os efeitos de três protocolos de Terapia a Laser de Baixa Potência (TLBP) na cicatrização de feridas abertas em ratos. Feridas padronizadas com 1 cm2 de tamanho foram realizadas com um bisturi na região do dorso de 60 ratos Wistar machos pesando 225±25g, e foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=15): CTR (animais não irradiados), LT1 (20 J/cm2 diariamente), LT2 (16 J/cm2 diariamente) e LT3 (20 J/cm2 diariamente). Após 7, 14 e 21 dias, cinco animais/dia foram eutanasiados e as feridas analisadas histologicamente. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de normalidade da distribuição pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Os dados gaussianos foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA e Bonferroni, enquanto que os dados não Gaussianos foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn, considerando-se valores p significativos menores que 0,05. A TLBP em todos os protocolos reduziu a inflamação e aumentou significativamente a deposição de colágeno (p<0,05). Entretanto, LT2 apresentou os maiores níveis de colágeno em todas as fases do estudo (p<0,05), induzindo a substituição mais rápida do colágeno imaturo III pelo colágeno maduro I nos estágios iniciais de reparo e remodelação precoce do colágeno promovida por melhor organização dos feixes depositados. Concluiu-se que todos os protocolos induziram aumento da cicatriz de colágeno. Entretanto, o protocolo 2 (16 J/cm2, aplicação diária) promoveu os aumentos mais significativos na deposição de colágeno, acelerou a maturação do colágeno e apresentou a melhor arquitetura da cicatriz fibrosa final.

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BACKGROUND: Laser phototherapy (LPT) has been suggested as a new therapeutic tool to improve the repair of replanted teeth. However, its effects and mechanism of action are not yet completely understood. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated histologically the effect of laser phototherapy (LPT) λ808 and λ660 nm on angiogenesis in the periodontal tissue of replanted teeth in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty maxillary right incisors were extracted from twenty Wistar rats and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5): PN - teeth were stored in paper napkin for 45 min; WM - teeth were immersed in 20 ml of UHT whole cow milk for 45 min; PNL and WML - teeth received the same treatment described for PN and WM, respectively, plus LPT at λ808 and λ660 nm. All root canals were prepared and filled with calcium hydroxide paste. The animals were euthanized 15 days after tooth replantation and angiogenesis was scored by blood vessel counting in the area of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, using the ImageJ software. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). RESULTS: LPT at λ808 and λ660 nm caused significant increased angiogenesis on irradiated groups (PNL and WML) when compared to the non-irradiated groups (PN and WM) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between PN and WM as well as between PNL and WML (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LPT is capable of stimulating angiogenesis in vivo in the periodontal tissue of replanted teeth. Key words:Angiogenesis, lasers, tooth avulsion, tooth replantation, wound healing.

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ABSTRACT: Cranioencephalic trauma (CET) is defined is the combination of neural and vascular injuries and their inflammatory effects in the brain, skull and scalp. This modality of trauma may lead to motor, psychological and cognitive sequels or even death. The present study aimed to assess the main epidemiological aspects in victims of CET treated at Cuiabá Municipal Hospital (CMH), Brazil. An observational and analytical study was performed in the medical records of patients diagnosed with CET treated at CMH between July and December of 2000, 2006 and 2011. The information retrieved from the patients consisted of age, sex, place of residence, cause of trauma, association with other trauma, outcomes (death or discharge) and the severity of neurological effect (Glasgow Coma Scale). The data obtained was analyzed descriptively with absolute (n) and relative (%) quantification. Medical records of 669 victims were analyzed, out of which 567 were males (84.7 %). Male patients were aged between 20 and 39 years old (mean age: 32.8 years). The most prevalent cause of trauma was the motorcycle accident (26.6 %). The neurological severity of the CET was mild in most of the cases (32.5 %). Considering the place of residence, most of the patients (n=331; 49.5 %) were from the capital city of Mato Grosso State (Cuiabá, Brazil). Four-hundred seventy-nine (71.6 %) patients progressed without death. A high prevalence rate of CET was observed at CMH. Major attention must be given to young adult victims of motorcycle accidents.

RESUMEN: El traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) se define como una combinación de daño neural, insuficiencia vascular y efectos inflamatorios que comprometen el cráneo, el encéfalo y el cuero cabelludo, causando la muerte, o serias secuelas motoras, psicológicas y cognitivas. De esta forma, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los principales aspectos epidemiológicos en victimas de Traumatismo Craneoencefálico (TCE) atendidas en el Hospital y Sala de Primeros Auxilios Municipal de Cuiabá (HPSMC), Brasil. Se trata de un estudio observacional de historias clínicas del archivo del HPSMC, admitidos con diagnóstico de TCE en el período de julio a diciembre de los años 2000, 2006 y 2011. Se consideraron el rango de edad, el sexo, la procedencia de las víctimas, la causa del trauma, la asociación con otros traumas, la defunción y el alta, el cuadro neurológico (Escala de Coma de Glasgow - ECG). El análisis de los datos fue descriptivo con números absolutos y porcentajes. Se evaluaron historias clínicas de 669 víctimas de TCE, en los que el sexo masculino fue el de mayor prevalencia con 567 casos (84,7 %), con mayor incidencia en el rango de edad de 20 a 39 años (39,2 %), el promedio de edad fue de 32,8 años, siendo la etiología más frecuente los accidentes motociclísticos (26,6 %). En el momento de la admisión de acuerdo al ECG hubo una predominancia de TCE leve (32,5 %). En cuanto a la procedencia, 331 (49,5 %) eran del municipio de Cuiabá. Del total de víctimas, 479 (71,6 %) evolucionaron hasta tener el alta hospitalaria. Se registró una prevalencia elevada de TCE en el HPSMC, con predominancia de víctimas adultas jóvenes de sexo masculino, siendo los accidentes motociclísticos la principal causa.

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BACKGROUND/AIM: Tooth replantation is the optimal treatment in cases of avulsion. However, its success is limited due to the occurrence of external root resorption. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) at λ808 nm and λ660 nm and of storage media on the periodontal repair process of replanted teeth in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty maxillary right incisors were extracted from sixty Wistar rats and randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10). Groups consisted of 10 teeth stored in paper napkins (PN), whole milk (WM), and soy milk (SM), for 45 min; and PNL, WML and SML, in which teeth were stored in the same storage media, but the root surface and the alveolus were treated with LPBM at λ808 nm before replantation, and the buccal and palatal mucosa of the alveolus were treated with LPBM at λ660 nm after replantation. Five rats from each group were euthanized after 15 or 30 days. The right hemimaxilla including the replanted incisor was removed and processed for histomorphometric analysis to assess root resorption areas, replacement root resorption, perimeter with ankylosis and periodontal repair, and areas of type I and III collagen deposition, using the ImageJ 1.50b software. Data were analyzed statistically by anova followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test (α = 5%). RESULTS: WM and SM showed smaller root resorption areas and higher collagen deposition in both experimental periods, and SM showed the largest perimeter of periodontal repair. LPBM reduced the occurrence of root resorption only in the PNL group, both at 15 and 30 days, and increased the perimeter of periodontal repair in all groups at 30 days. There was higher collagen deposition in the irradiated groups regardless of the experimental period. CONCLUSIONS: The LPBM protocol at λ808 nm and λ660 nm as well as whole milk and soy milk favored the periodontal repair process of replanted teeth in rats.

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This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of intracanal medications on L929 fibroblast cells at different periods of observation. The following experimental groups were studied: calcium hydroxide with camphorated paramonochlorophenol and glycerin (CPG); iodoform with glycerin (IG); calcium hydroxide with iodoform and distilled water (CIW); iodoform with distilled water (IW); calcium hydroxide with distilled water (CW); Otosporin ® (OT); and a control group composed of cells and culture medium. Eluates were prepared from each group and placed in contact with 1 x 105 cells/well for periods of 30 minutes, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, 5 and 7 days. After each experimental period, a cytotoxicity test was performed using methyltetrazolium (MTT) and a spectrophotometer at an optical density of 570 nm to analyze cell viability. The ANOVA and Tukey test with a significance level of 5% was used to analyze the data. At 30 minutes and at 12 hours, all groups were equal to the control group. At 24 hours, there was greater cytotoxicity in the IG group than in the control group (P<0.001). At 48 hours, only the OT group was cytotoxic (P <0.001). At 72 hours and at 5 days, the most cytotoxic groups were CW and OT. At 7 days, the IW and CPG groups were the least cytotoxic (P <0.001). With respect to experimental time, significant differences between 24 hours and 7 days were observed in all groups. Otosporin® was the most cytotoxic medication, followed by calcium hydroxide with distilled water.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a citotoxicidade de medicações intracanais em células L929 de fibroblastos em diferentes períodos de observação. Os seguintes grupos experimentais foram estudados: hidróxido de cálcio com paramonoclorofenol canforado e glicerina (CPG); iodofórmio com glicerina (IG); hidróxido de cálcio com iodofórmio e água destilada (CIW); iodofórmio com água destilada (IW); hidróxido de cálcio com água destilada (CW); Otosporin® (OT); e um grupo controle composto por células e meio de cultura. Os eluatos foram preparados a partir de cada grupo e colocados em contato com 1 x 105 células/poço, por períodos de 30 minutos, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, 5 e 7 dias. Depois de cada período experimental, um teste de citotoxicidade foi realizado utilizando metiltetrazólio (MTT) e um espectrofotômetro a uma densidade óptica de 570 nm para analisar a viabilidade celular. A análise de variância e o teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5% foi utilizado para analisar os dados. Em 30 minutos e em 12 horas, todos os grupos foram iguais ao grupo controle. Em 24 horas, houve uma maior citotoxicidade no grupo IG do que no grupo controle (P<0,001). Em 48 horas, apenas o grupo OT foi citotóxico (P<0,001). Em 72 horas e em 5 dias, os grupos mais citotóxicos foram CW e OT. Aos 7 dias, os grupos IW e CPG foram os menos citotóxicos (P<0,001). Com relação ao tempo experimental, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre 24 horas e 7 dias em todos os grupos. Conclusão: Otosporin® foi o medicamento mais citotóxico, seguido de hidróxido de cálcio com água destilada.

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PURPOSE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears to be an effective method for the in vitro and in vivo inactivation of Candida spp., but no clinical trials in this context have yet been conducted. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral miconazole gel to PDT combined with low-power laser (LPL) therapy in the treatment of denture stomatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty participants with clinical and microbiological diagnoses of type II denture stomatitis were randomly allocated to two treatment groups (PDT and miconazole gel), each with 20 individuals. The PDT group was submitted to one session of methylene blue-mediated PDT plus two sessions of low-laser therapy twice a week for 15 days. The miconazole group was submitted to the drug four times a day for 15 days. RESULTS: Forty percent of the patients achieved clinical and microbiological resolution of denture stomatitis after methylene blue-mediated photodynamic inactivation followed by low-laser therapy. The cure rate associated with miconazole was 80% (p < 0.05). Fifteen days after the end of treatment, the recurrence rate was 25% in patients treated with PDT combined with LPL therapy and 12.5% in patients treated with miconazole. CONCLUSION: Miconazole gel provides better results than a protocol combining methylene blue-mediated PDT and LPL therapy in the treatment of type II denture stomatitis.

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on bone healing in diabetic rats. METHODS: Bone cavities (19 mm diameter) were performed in the femur of 72 alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which were assigned into four groups: CTR (non-diabetic control), DBT (diabetic) CTRL (non-diabetic irradiated) and DBTL (diabetic irradiated). Low-level laser therapy was performed every 48 h for seven days. Animals were euthanized at seven, 18 and 30 days. Alkaline phosphatase serum levels and bone repair were analyzed. RESULTS: Low-level laser therapy significantly increased alkaline phosphatase in at seven and 18 days (p<0.001), and improved bone healing at seven (p<0.01), 18 (p<0.05) and 30 (p<0.01) in diabetic animals. In addition, bone healing in irradiated diabetic group was statistically similar to control group at 30 days (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and improved bone healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

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To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on bone healing in diabetic rats. METHODS: Bone cavities (19 mm diameter) were performed in the femur of 72 alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which were assigned into four groups: CTR (non-diabetic control), DBT (diabetic) CTRL (non-diabetic irradiated) and DBTL (diabetic irradiated). Low-level laser therapy was performed every 48h for seven days. Animals were euthanized at seven, 18 and 30 days. Alkaline phosphatase serum levels and bone repair were analyzed. RESULTS: Low-level laser therapy significantly increased alkaline phosphatase in at seven and 18 days (p 0.001), and improved bone healing at seven (p 0.01), 18 (p 0.05) and 30 (p 0.01) in diabetic animals. In addition, bone healing in irradiated diabetic group was statistically similar to control group at 30 days (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and improved bone healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.(AU)

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on bone healing in diabetic rats.METHODS: Bone cavities (19 mm diameter) were performed in the femur of 72 alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which were assigned into four groups: CTR (non-diabetic control), DBT (diabetic) CTRL (non-diabetic irradiated) and DBTL (diabetic irradiated). Low-level laser therapy was performed every 48h for seven days. Animals were euthanized at seven, 18 and 30 days. Alkaline phosphatase serum levels and bone repair were analyzed.RESULTS: Low-level laser therapy significantly increased alkaline phosphatase in at seven and 18 days (p<0.001), and improved bone healing at seven (p<0.01), 18 (p<0.05) and 30 (p<0.01) in diabetic animals. In addition, bone healing in irradiated diabetic group was statistically similar to control group at 30 days (p>0.05).CONCLUSION:Low-level laser therapy increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and improved bone healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

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Introduction: Endodontic medications contain toxic components that cause varying degrees of inflammation. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of laser therapy on the inflammatory response induced by intracanal medications implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats using a quantitative analysis of mast cells. Material and Method: Polyethylene tubes containing the medications were implanted in the dorsum of 60 rats divided into six groups, including HS (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste), HL (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste and laser therapy), HPS (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste with camphorated paramonochlorophenol), HPL (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste with camphorated paramonochlorophenol and laser therapy), IS (iodoform with saline) and IL (iodoform with saline and laser therapy). The animals were euthanized eight or fifteen days after surgery, and samples were removed and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections were stained with 0.2% toluidine blue for the quantification of mast cells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test were applied to determine significant differences in the number of mast cells between groups (p<0.05). Result: There was a decrease in mast cells for the HL, HPL and IL groups when compared with the HS, HPS and IS groups at both time points. There was no statistically significant difference between the HPS and HPL groups at the eight-day time point. Conclusion: Laser therapy was effective at modulating the inflammatory response induced by endodontic medications by significantly reducing the number of mast cells. .

Introdução: Medicamentos endodônticos apresentam componentes tóxicos que provocam algum grau de reação inflamatória. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da laserterapia na resposta inflamatória causada por medicações intracanais, em tecido subcutâneo de ratos, por meio da análise quantitativa de mastócitos. Material e Método: Tubos de polietileno contendo as medicações foram implantados no dorso de 60 ratos, distribuídos em seis grupos: HS (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A.); HL (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. e laserterapia); HPS (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. com paramonoclorofenol canforado); HPL (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. com paramonoclorofenol canforado e laserterapia); IS (iodofórmio e soro fisiológico) e IL (iodofórmio, soro fisiológico e laserterapia). Os animais foram eutanasiados oito e quinze dias após a cirurgia, as peças cirúrgicas foram removidas, processadas para inclusão em parafina e os cortes histológicos corados em Azul de Toluidina 0.2%, para quantificação dos mastócitos. A análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey post hoc foram aplicados para determinar diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto ao número de mastócitos (p<0.05). Resultado: Nos grupos HL, HPL e IL houve uma diminuição de mastócitos em ambos os períodos experimentais em relação aos grupos HS, HPS e IS, porém não se observou diferença estatística significativa entre o grupo HPS e o HPL aos oito dias. Conclusão: A laserterapia foi eficaz em modular a intensidade da resposta inflamatória induzida pelos medicamentos endodônticos a partir da redução significativa na quantidade de mastócitos. .

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This study investigated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the masticatory performance (MP), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pain intensity in patients with myofascial pain. Twenty-one subjects, with myofascial pain according to Research Diagnostic Criteria/temporomandibular dysfunction, were divided into laser group (n = 12) and placebo group (n = 9) to receive laser therapy (active or placebo) two times per week for 4 weeks. The measured variables were: (1) MP by analysis of the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the chewed particles using Optocal test material, (2) PPT by a pressure algometer, and (3) pain intensity by the visual analog scale (VAS). Measurements of MP and PPT were obtained at three time points: baseline, at the end of treatment with low-level laser and 30 days after (follow-up). VAS was measured at the same times as above and weekly throughout the laser therapy. The Friedman test was used at a significance level of 5% for data analysis. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (CAAE: 0025.0.107.000-10). A reduction in the GMD of crushed particles (p < 0.01) and an increase in PPT (p < 0.05) were seen only in the laser group when comparing the baseline and end-of-treatment values. Both groups showed a decrease in pain intensity at the end of treatment. LLLT promoted an improvement in MP and PPT of the masticatory muscles.

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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle pain and dysfunction. Low-level laser is presented as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for the treatment of TMD, especially when the presence of inflammatory pain is suspected. Objective: To systematically review studies that investigated the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the pain levels in individuals with TMD. Material and Methods: The databases Scopus, embase, ebsco and PubMed were reviewed from January/2003 to October/2010 with the following keywords: laser therapy, low-level laser therapy, temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular, facial pain and arthralgia, with the inclusion criteria for intervention studies in humans. exclusion criteria adopted were intervention studies in animals, studies that were not written in english, Spanish or Portuguese, theses, monographs, and abstracts presented in scientific events. Results: After a careful review, 14 studies fit the criteria for inclusion, of which, 12 used a placebo group. As for the protocol for laser application, the energy density used ranged from 0.9 to 105 J/cm², while the power density ranged from 9.8 to 500 mW. The number of sessions varied from 1 to 20 and the frequency of applications ranged from daily for 10 days to 1 time per week for 4 weeks. A reduction in pain levels was reported in 13 studies, with 9 of these occurring only in the experimental group, and 4 studies reporting pain relief for both the experimental group and for the placebo. Conclusion: Most papers showed that LLLT seemed to be effective in reducing pain from TMD. However, the heterogeneity of the standardization regarding the parameters of laser calls for caution in interpretation of these results. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research in order to obtain a consensus regarding the best application protocol for pain relief in patients with TMD.

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UNLABELLED: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle pain and dysfunction. Low-level laser is presented as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for the treatment of TMD, especially when the presence of inflammatory pain is suspected. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review studies that investigated the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the pain levels in individuals with TMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The databases Scopus, embase, ebsco and PubMed were reviewed from January/2003 to October/2010 with the following keywords: laser therapy, low-level laser therapy, temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular, facial pain and arthralgia, with the inclusion criteria for intervention studies in humans. exclusion criteria adopted were intervention studies in animals, studies that were not written in english, Spanish or Portuguese, theses, monographs, and abstracts presented in scientific events. RESULTS: After a careful review, 14 studies fit the criteria for inclusion, of which, 12 used a placebo group. As for the protocol for laser application, the energy density used ranged from 0.9 to 105 J/cm², while the power density ranged from 9.8 to 500 mW. The number of sessions varied from 1 to 20 and the frequency of applications ranged from daily for 10 days to 1 time per week for 4 weeks. A reduction in pain levels was reported in 13 studies, with 9 of these occurring only in the experimental group, and 4 studies reporting pain relief for both the experimental group and for the placebo. CONCLUSION: Most papers showed that LLLT seemed to be effective in reducing pain from TMD. However, the heterogeneity of the standardization regarding the parameters of laser calls for caution in interpretation of these results. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research in order to obtain a consensus regarding the best application protocol for pain relief in patients with TMD.

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