RESUMO
SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral atherosclerosis is the main cause of lesions that contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia, followed by arteriosclerosis of small vessels and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The purpose of this study was to compare the post-mortem radiological alterations of autopsied adults with the macroscopic alterations in the posterior region of these brains in order to establish a relationship between the two forms of analysis and to discuss the relevance of the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with encephalic atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen brains were analysed macroscopically to assess the degree of atherosclerosis of the basilar and the posterior cerebral arteries. The patients were autopsied in the Subject of General Pathology at General Hospital of Triângulo Mineiro Federal University in Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualitative analysis of atherosclerosis was performed with classification into mild, moderate or severe. In the posterior region of the brains, width of sulcus and thickness of gyrus were measured by macroscopic analysis and by tomographic analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There was a decrease in calcarine sulcus width and an increase in medial temporal occipital gyrus thickness in patients with a higher degree of atherosclerosis, macroscopically and in tomography, respectively. Low oxygenation caused by atherosclerosis probably leads to an encephalic parenchyma inflammation that causes microglial cells hypertrophy provoking increase in the gyrus thickness and decrease in the sulcus width, as observed in the present study.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO A aterosclerose cerebral é a principal causa de lesões que contribuem para o comprometimento cognitivo vascular (CCV) e demência vascular, seguida da arteriosclerose de pequenos vasos e da angiopatia amiloide cerebral. Sendo assim, este estudo comparou as alterações radiológicas post mortem de adultos autopsiados com as alterações macroscópicas na região posterior desses encéfalos a fim de estabelecer uma relação entre as duas formas de análise e discutir sobre a relevância da prevenção do CCV em pacientes com aterosclerose encefálica. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Treze encéfalos foram analisados macroscopicamente para avaliar o grau de aterosclerose das artérias basilar e cerebral posterior. Os pacientes foram autopsiados na disciplina de Patologia Geral no HC-UFTM em Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A análise qualitativa da aterosclerose foi realizada com as classificações discreta, moderada ou acentuada. A espessura dos giros e a largura dos sulcos na região posterior dos encéfalos foram analisadas macroscopicamente e por tomografia computadorizada. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO Houve diminuição na largura do sulco calcarino e aumento na espessura do giro occipital temporal medial de acordo com o aumento do grau de aterosclerose macroscopicamente e por tomografia, respectivamente. A baixa oxigenação causada pela aterosclerose provoca a inflamação do parênquima encefálico, provavelmente levando à hipertrofia das células da micróglia e ao consequente aumento dos giros e estreitamento dos sulcos, como observado no presente estudo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Demência Vascular/prevenção & controle , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/patologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Lobo Occipital/patologia , Valores de Referência , Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Demência Vascular/etiologia , Demência Vascular/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/complicações , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral atherosclerosis is the main cause of lesions that contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia, followed by arteriosclerosis of small vessels and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The purpose of this study was to compare the post-mortem radiological alterations of autopsied adults with the macroscopic alterations in the posterior region of these brains in order to establish a relationship between the two forms of analysis and to discuss the relevance of the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with encephalic atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen brains were analysed macroscopically to assess the degree of atherosclerosis of the basilar and the posterior cerebral arteries. The patients were autopsied in the Subject of General Pathology at General Hospital of Triângulo Mineiro Federal University in Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualitative analysis of atherosclerosis was performed with classification into mild, moderate or severe. In the posterior region of the brains, width of sulcus and thickness of gyrus were measured by macroscopic analysis and by tomographic analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was a decrease in calcarine sulcus width and an increase in medial temporal occipital gyrus thickness in patients with a higher degree of atherosclerosis, macroscopically and in tomography, respectively. Low oxygenation caused by atherosclerosis probably leads to an encephalic parenchyma inflammation that causes microglial cells hypertrophy provoking increase in the gyrus thickness and decrease in the sulcus width, as observed in the present study.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Demência Vascular/prevenção & controle , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/patologia , Lobo Occipital/patologia , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Demência Vascular/etiologia , Demência Vascular/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/complicações , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagem , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) accelerates tissue repair. Mast cells induce the proliferation of fibroblasts and the development of local fibrosis. The objective of this study was to quantify fibrosis rate and mast cells in connective tissue after endodontic sealer zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) was implanted and submitted to LLLT, immediately after implant and again 24 h later. Sixty mice were distributed into three groups: GI, GII, and GIII (n = 20). In GI, the tubes filled with Endofill were implanted in the animals and were not irradiated with LLLT. In GII, the tubes containing Endofill were implanted in the animals and then irradiated with red LLLT (InGaAIP) 685-nm wavelength, D = 72 J/Cm(2), E = 2 J, T = 58 s, P = 35 mW, and in GIII, the tubes with Endofill were implanted and irradiated with infrared LLLT (AsGaAl) 830-nm wavelength, D = 70 J/Cm(2), E = 2 J, T = 40 s, P = 50 mW. After 7 days and 30 days, the animals were killed. A series of 6-µm-thick sections were obtained and stained with Toluidine Blue and Picrosirius and analyzed under a standard light microscope using a polarized light filter for the quantification of fibrosis. The statistics were qualitative and quantitative with a significance of 5%. The irradiation with LLLT did not offer improvement in the fibrosis rate, however, it provided a significant decrease in the concentration of independent mast cells for the period studied.
Assuntos
Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/efeitos da radiação , Cicatrização/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Eugenol/efeitos adversos , Eugenol/efeitos da radiação , Fibrose , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/efeitos adversos , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/métodos , Óxido de Zinco/efeitos adversos , Óxido de Zinco/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Endemic pemphigus foliaceus, or fogo selvagem, is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of intraepidermal blisters that reduce adhesion between keratinocytes. Endemic pemphigus foliaceus is associated with the presence of autoantibodies and high levels of cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha; the proapoptotic inducers Fas and inducible nitric oxide synthase; and the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2; and to evaluate the presence of apoptosis. DESIGN: Skin biopsies from 13 patients with endemic pemphigus foliaceus and controls were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. RESULTS: Proinflammatory cytokines were only detected in cells of the inflammatory exudate. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Fas, and Bcl-2 were expressed by both epithelial and inflammatory cells. Epithelial apoptosis was observed in 12 cases (92.3%), and subepithelial apoptosis in 11 cases (85%). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that apoptosis as well as the local production of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with endemic pemphigus foliaceus lesions. These results may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches to endemic pemphigus foliaceus.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Citocinas/metabolismo , Pênfigo/metabolismo , Pênfigo/patologia , Pele/patologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/patologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Receptor fas/metabolismoRESUMO
Endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blister formation with a loss of cohesion and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We observed that supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients produced significantly more interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) than those from stimulated healthy controls. Furthermore, a Th2 bias was observed in EPF patients when the IL-5/gamma interferon ratio was analyzed. These results indicate that cells from pemphigus patients react with a vigorous proinflammatory response.
Assuntos
Interleucina-1/biossíntese , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Pênfigo/metabolismo , Doenças Autoimunes/metabolismo , Citocinas/biossíntese , Humanos , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-5/biossíntese , Células Th2/imunologia , Células Th2/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar a freqüência de restaurações em dentes posteriores e o material mais utilizado. Para tanto, 152 alunos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade de Uberaba, com arcadas completas, foram avaliados clinicamente e tiveram seus dados documentados. Os resultados mostraram que as restaurações de resina em amálgama correspondem a 47,32 por cento, seguidas das restaurações de resina composta (26,14 por cento), selamento de áfóssulas e fissuras (25,14 por cento) e restaurações indiretas do tipo RMF, onlay e inlay estéticas (1,33 por cento). Dos pacientes examinados, 63,1 por cento eram do sexo feminino e 36,8 por cento do sexo masculino. Os resultados indicam que nos dias atuais ainda se pratica uma Odontologia invasiva, mesmo levando em consideração uma população de classe média diferenciada