RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of occlusal contact loss (induced by tooth shortening), on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and tissue inhibitor of the MMP-2 (TIMP-2) expressions in the periodontal ligament of the rat incisor, as well as eruption rate, resistance and collagen organization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were distributed into a control group, denominated normofunctional group, whose lower teeth underwent a normal eruption process; and a hypofunctional group, whose lower left incisor teeth were shortened every 2 days during 14 days. Parameters were evaluated on the first, seventh and 14th days and the eruption rate was determined according to the size of the incisor during the eruption process. MMP-2 activity was determined by zymography and the expressions of the MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 proteins were quantitated by western blot. Collagen protein organization, as indicated by the birefringence of the periodontal ligament, was analyzed under polarized light and the periodontal ligament's resistance was determined from the load necessary to inject the incisor into its alveolar space, before extraction. RESULTS: Loss of occlusal contact, in rats submitted to hypofunctional eruption, increased MMP-2 activity and eruption rate, but decreased MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 expression and disrupted collagen organization in the periodontal ligament, consequently reducing periodontal ligament resistance. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, after incisor eruption, occlusal contact may be an important factor for regulating the remodeling and the physiological resistance of the periodontal ligament against the continuous eruption process observed in rat incisors.
Assuntos
Colágeno/metabolismo , Oclusão Dentária , Incisivo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Metaloproteinase 14 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/metabolismo , Animais , Ligamento Periodontal/patologia , Ratos Wistar , Erupção DentáriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Doxycycline is an antibiotic agent that inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) present in the extracellular matrix. In this study, the rat incisor was submitted to a hypofunctional condition, and the effects of doxycycline (80 mg/kg/d) on the expression and activity of MMP-2, as well as on eruption rate, were determined in the odontogenic region and in the periodontal ligament for 14 d. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were distributed into four groups: normofunctional (NF); doxycyline normofunctional (DNF); hypofunctional (HP); and doxycyline hypofunctional (DHP). The left lower incisors of 10 rats were shortened every 2 d, using a high-rotation drill, to produce the HP and DHP groups, after starting doxycycline treatment (80 mg/kg) by gavage. Eruption was measured using a millimeter ocular, from the gingival margin to the top of the tooth in the HP and DHP groups, and also by a mark made in the tooth previously, in the NF and DNF groups. The hemimandibles were removed and the teeth were extracted to collect the periodontal and odontogenic tissues for immunohistochemical analyses and zymography. RESULTS: The eruption rates were higher in the HP and the DHP groups than in the NF and DNF groups, respectively (p < 0.05). In the odontogenic region, neither of the treatments changed the expression and activity of MMP-2. In the HP group, the shortening treatment decreased the expression, but not the activity, of MMP-2, while doxycycline was able to inhibit the increase of expression and activity of MMP-2. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the inhibition of MMP-2 by doxycycline, during incisor shortening, was not enough to alter the eruption rate, which suggests that MMP-2 may have an important role in the turnover of extracellular matrix of the periodontal ligament during the tooth-eruption process.
Assuntos
Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Incisivo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz/farmacologia , Ligamento Periodontal/enzimologia , Erupção Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Incisivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: After partial hepatectomy (PH), the liver remnant (LR) shows a regenerative response, always keeping a percent relationship with the host. This process has been well described in the literature, but several aspects still need to be understood. There are no studies on hepatic LR regeneration during hypothermic preservation. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze LR regeneration after PH under conditions of hypothermal preservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental groups: PHS (70% PH); PHP (70% PH of an organ perfused and preserved for 24 hours); PWL (perfused whole liver preserved for 24 hours); and NPWL (nonperfused whole liver). The liver was perfused with 250 mL Celsior solution with a catheter connected to a 1.30-cm-high liquid column. Hepatic tissue samples were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis for the evaluation of protein Ki67 expression, related to the mechanism of cell proliferation, to analysis of micro-RNA expression (miR-21 and miR-16) by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and to analysis of mitochondrial function. Nonparametric statistical analysis was used (P < .05). RESULTS: Ki67 analysis revealed that the PHP group showed 17.41% cell proliferation in LR (P < .01) compared to PHS (42.22%), PWL (11.43%), and NPWL (11.98%). miR-16 expression (proapoptotic) was found to be higher in the NPWL group compared to all others (PHS, PHP, and PWL), with a statistically significant difference between the NPWL group and the PHS and PHP groups. CONCLUSION: The animals submitted to PHS and PHP presenting greater Ki67 expression showed low miR-16 expression, indicating a low apoptotic index. In summary, the LR showed ex situ regeneration even under hypothermal conditions. There are no similar data in the literature surveyed.
Assuntos
Hepatectomia , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Hepatopatias/cirurgia , Regeneração Hepática/fisiologia , Fígado/patologia , Preservação de Tecido/métodos , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Seguimentos , Fígado/cirurgia , Hepatopatias/patologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Changes have occurred in the world scenario in recent years due to declining fertility and mortality, and longevity has thus appeared as a real phenomenon. Sexuality of the elderly is viewed with various prejudices. The current study characterized AIDS cases in persons 60 years or older in Pernambuco State, Brazil, reported to the State Health Department from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2008. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with data from the Information System on Diseases of Notification (SINAN). In 1998 the AIDS incidence rate in the target age bracket was 1.6 cases per 100 thousand, increasing to 4.8 per 100 thousand in 2008, or an increase of 200%. There is thus an evident need to develop measures for prevention, diagnosis, and patient care specifically targeting the elderly, since sexuality in this age bracket is still enshrouded by myths and taboos.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Heterossexualidade , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Mudanças vêm acontecendo no panorama mundial nos últimos anos devido ao declínio das taxas de fertilidade e mortalidade, e como decorrência a longevidade tem sido apresentada como um fenômeno real. Na maturidade, a sexualidade vem acrescida de vários preconceitos. O presente trabalho caracterizou os casos de AIDS em pessoas com 60 anos ou mais, residentes no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, notificados à Secretaria de Saúde de Pernambuco entre 1º de janeiro de 1998 e 31 de dezembro de 2008. Foi realizado um estudo transversal/descritivo, com base nos dados de notificação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Em 1998 a taxa de incidência de AIDS, na população de estudo, era de 1,6 caso/100 mil habitantes, passando para 4,8 casos/100 mil habitantes em 2008, caracterizando um aumento de 200%. Fica evidente a necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção, diagnóstico e assistência direcionada especificamente para a terceira idade, uma vez que a sexualidade nesta fase da vida ainda é envolta por muitos tabus e mitos.
Changes have occurred in the world scenario in recent years due to declining fertility and mortality, and longevity has thus appeared as a real phenomenon. Sexuality of the elderly is viewed with various prejudices. The current study characterized AIDS cases in persons 60 years or older in Pernambuco State, Brazil, reported to the State Health Department from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2008. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with data from the Information System on Diseases of Notification (SINAN). In 1998 the AIDS incidence rate in the target age bracket was 1.6 cases per 100 thousand, increasing to 4.8 per 100 thousand in 2008, or an increase of 200%. There is thus an evident need to develop measures for prevention, diagnosis, and patient care specifically targeting the elderly, since sexuality in this age bracket is still enshrouded by myths and taboos.
Se están produciendo cambios en el escenario mundial durante los últimos años, debido a la reducción de las tasas de fecundidad y mortalidad, y como resultado, la longevidad se presenta como un fenómeno real. Durante la madurez, la sexualidad viene asociada a prejuicios más diversos. Este estudio caracteriza los casos de SIDA en personas de 60 años o más que vivían en el estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, y que se notificaron al Departamento de Salud de Pernambuco entre el 1 enero 1998 al 31 diciembre 2008. Se realizó un estudio transversal/ datos descriptivos con información del Sistema de Notificación de Resultados. En 1998, la tasa de incidencia del SIDA en la población estudiada fue de 1,6 casos por cada 100 mil habitantes, elevándose a 4,8 casos/100 mil habitantes en 2008, con un incremento del 200%. Es evidente la necesidad de desarrollo de la prevención, el diagnóstico y la asistencia dirigida específicamente a las personas mayores, ya que la sexualidad esa etapa de la vida, sigue rodeada de muchos tabúes y mitos.
Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Heterossexualidade , Incidência , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to further define the relationship between cell proliferation and the rate of tooth eruption in the rat incisor. Vinblastine is a drug that blocks cellular mitosis and was used to inhibit cell proliferation in the odontogenic region of rat incisors that were submitted to a shortening treatment or to higher masticatory forces. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normofunctional (control group for incisor eruption), hypofunctional (incisor submitted to eruption acceleration), hyperfunctional (incisors under higher masticatory forces), hypofunctional with vinblastine and hyperfunctional with vinblastine. In incisors submitted to shortening procedures, a significant decrease in the eruption rate and cell proliferation was observed two days after vinblastine injection, suggesting that incisor eruption is dependent on cell proliferation.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Incisivo/citologia , Erupção Dentária , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Força de Mordida , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Incisivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Odontogênese , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Erupção Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Vimblastina/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate vascular and metabolic effects of chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMS) and hypercaloric diet (HD) without carbohydrate supplementation in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, HD, CMS, and HD plus CMS. CMS consisted of the application of different stressors for 3 weeks. The rats were killed 15 days after CMS exposure. The HD group presented higher plasma lipid concentrations, without changes in fasting glucose concentration, glucose tolerance test, and vascular function and morphology, in comparison with the control group. Stressed rats presented higher fasting blood concentration of insulin, higher homeostasis model assessment index values and area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test, in comparison with non-stressed rats. CMS increased the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and lipids, and the atherogenic index values, without change in high-density lipoprotein level. CMS increased intima-media thickness and induced endothelium-dependent supersensitivity to phenylephrine, and lowered the relaxation response to acetylcholine in the thoracic aorta isolated from rats fed with control or HD, in comparison with non-stressed groups. CMS effects were independent of diet. In non-stressed rats, the HD induced dyslipidemia, but did not change glucose metabolism, vascular function, or morphology. The data from this study indicate that CMS promotes a set of events which together can contribute to impair function of the thoracic aorta.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Estresse Psicológico/sangue , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Vasodilatação , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Corticosterona/sangue , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Jejum/fisiologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Insulina/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Masculino , Fenilefrina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
The enamel-related periodontium (ERP) in rat incisors is related to bone resorption. In these teeth the face of the socket related to the enamel is continuously removed at the inner side and newly formed at the outer side. CSF-1, RANKL and OPG are regulatory molecules essential for osteoclastogenesis. To verify the effects of impeded eruption on bone remodeling, the tooth eruption was prevented by immobilization of lower rat incisor and CSF-1, RANKL and OPG distribution in the ERP was analyzed after 18 days of immobilization and in normal eruption. The region of the alveolar crest of the rat incisor was used. Immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were performed. The immunostaining of the dental follicle was quantified using Leica QWin software. Positive-TRAP osteoclasts were counted, and both groups were compared. In the normal incisor, the number of osteoclasts was significantly greater than in the immobilized tooth. In the dental follicle, there was no significant difference in the immunostaining intensity for CSF-1 and OPG between the groups (p > 0.05), but for RANKL the immobilized incisor group showed immunostaining intensity smaller than the normal incisor group (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that changes in the ERP, in the immobilized incisor, modify the RANKL/OPG ratio, in the presence of CSF-1, altering the metabolism of cells that participate in the bone remodeling.
Assuntos
Processo Alveolar/fisiologia , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Esmalte Dentário/citologia , Incisivo/citologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/análise , Osteoprotegerina/análise , Ligamento Periodontal/citologia , Ligante RANK/análise , Fosfatase Ácida/análise , Processo Alveolar/citologia , Ameloblastos/citologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Matriz Óssea/citologia , Reabsorção Óssea/patologia , Reabsorção Óssea/fisiopatologia , Contagem de Células , Saco Dentário/citologia , Imobilização , Imuno-Histoquímica , Isoenzimas/análise , Masculino , Osteoclastos/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a Tartarato , Erupção Dentária/fisiologia , Alvéolo Dental/citologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMS) on the vasoconstrictor response and morphology of the thoracic aorta and serum lipid profiles in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to CMS, which consisted of the application of different stressors for 7 days per week across 3 weeks. The rats were sacrificed 15 days after CMS exposure. CMS induced supersensitivity to the vasoconstrictor effect of phenylephrine in endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings without changes in aortic rings without endothelium, or pre-incubated with nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor. Rats submitted to CMS showed hypertrophy of the intima and tunica media of thoracic aorta, increased serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index, without changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, when compared with control rats. These data indicate that CMS induces physiological and morphological changes that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis by mechanisms related to deficiency in NO production and dyslipidemia.
Assuntos
Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aterosclerose/psicologia , Fenilefrina/farmacologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta Torácica/enzimologia , Aorta Torácica/patologia , Aterosclerose/patologia , Aterosclerose/fisiopatologia , Corticosterona/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Túnica Íntima/patologia , Túnica Média/patologiaRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and chronic systemic stress response on orthodontically induced root resorption. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were restrained during 1 hour a day by stress models of short (3 days) and long duration (40 days), while control group was not submitted to restraint (N.=10/group). The upper left first molars of all rats were moved mesially by a fixed orthodontic appliance exerting 50 g force upon insertion during the last 14 days of the experiment. Then, animals were killed for blood collection and mensuration of plasmatic corticosterone by radioimmunoassay; the tissues around mesial root of the first molar were processed for histological and histochemical techniques with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The degree of root resorption and the number of odontoclasts were evaluated, being the contralateral side of each animal serving as its control (split-mouth design). RESULTS: The results revealed that the plasmatic levels of corticosterone were significantly higher in both the stressed groups than in the control one. There were no significant differences in the degree of root resorption and in the number of odontoclasts on the root between the 3 groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that systemic stress alone can not be considered a risk factor for root resorption induced by orthodontic tooth movement.
Assuntos
Aparelhos Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Reabsorção da Raiz/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/efeitos adversos , Fosfatase Ácida/análise , Animais , Biomarcadores , Contagem de Células , Corticosterona/sangue , Isoenzimas/análise , Masculino , Dente Molar/enzimologia , Dente Molar/patologia , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Osteoclastos/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Restrição Física , Reabsorção da Raiz/sangue , Reabsorção da Raiz/patologia , Estresse Psicológico/sangue , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a Tartarato , Fatores de Tempo , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: It has been reported that anti-inflammatory drugs used for treatment of pain and discomfort related to orthodontic treatment could slow down tooth movement. However, the effect of these drugs on orthodontic root resorption is not well understood. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib offers some protection against orthodontically induced root resorption. DESIGN: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Groups I and II were treated with saline and celecoxib (10 mg / kg), respectively for 3 days. Groups III and IV were treated with saline and celecoxib for 14 days. The upper left first molars of all rats were moved mesially for 14 days with 50 g of force. An area including the disto-apical aspect of the mesial root of the first molar was processed for histological and histochemical techniques with tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). OUTCOME MEASURE: The degree of root resorption was measured using an image analysis system with a grid-sheet superimposed in the root were resorption lacunae were counted. The number of TRAP-positive cells on the tooth root surface defined as odontoclasts were also evaluated. RESULTS: The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the degree of root resorption and in the number of odontoclasts on the root between the four groups studied. CONCLUSION: The short and long-term celecoxib administration did not suppress the root resorption in case of experimental orthodontic force application.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Reabsorção da Raiz/tratamento farmacológico , Reabsorção da Raiz/etiologia , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/efeitos adversos , Animais , Celecoxib , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Masculino , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sulfonamidas/farmacologiaRESUMO
The frequency of ciliated fibroblasts in skin, gingiva, molar and incisor periodontal ligaments and incisor enamel-related periodontium of the mouse was estimated by straight counting or by methods based on the probability of observing a basal body in relation to other cell structures. Transmission electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections mounted in single slot grids was used. The results obtained with these methods differed, but indicated that periodontal ligament fibroblasts from molars or incisors generally had a higher ciliation index than the fibroblasts from skin and gingiva. These differences may not be real since the detection of cilia and/or centriolar structures seems to depend very much upon the plane of sectioning relative to the long axis of the fibroblasts, a situation which favours the more regularly arranged periodontal fibroblasts. This arrangement makes the periodontal tissues, particularly those of rodent incisors, a valuable model for studying ciliation in vivo because of the prompt response to experimental manipulation.
Assuntos
Contagem de Células/métodos , Tecido Conjuntivo/ultraestrutura , Fibroblastos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Centríolos/ultraestrutura , Cílios , Gengiva/ultraestrutura , Incisivo/citologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Dente Molar/citologia , Ligamento Periodontal/ultraestrutura , Periodonto/ultraestrutura , Pele/ultraestruturaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the displacement of needles (ND) and its impact in the outcome of initial and locally advanced prostate cancer treated with conventional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and fractionated transrectal ultrasound-guided high-dose-rate afterloading brachytherapy (HDR-BT) as a boost. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 03/97 to 08/98 a total of 47 patients were eligible for study entry. Patients with 1992 AJCC clinical stage T3a or less and prostatic volume
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Braquiterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Idoso , Braquiterapia/métodos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Radioterapia de Alta Energia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) has been reported in patients on corticosteroids therapy for various pathologies. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory hepatic disease for which corticosteroids are recommended but PSC has not yet been reported in AIH patients on corticosteroids therapy. METHODS: The AIH patients at our service underwent an ophthalmological assessment and their files were analyzed establish the dosage and duration of medication, the presence of visual complaints and the type of AIH, in order to correlate these with the ophthalmological findings. Patients were examined with a slit lamp following pupil dilation. RESULTS: 17 AIH patients evaluated, only one patient had PSC. CONCLUSION: Although the frequency of PSC was low (1/17) in AIH patients on costicosteroid therapy, these individuals should undergo occasional ophthalmological assessment for the presence of cataracts since their visual acuity and quality of life may be adversely affected. (AU)
Assuntos
Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Catarata/induzido quimicamente , Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Hepatite Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The current study was performed to evaluate two regimens of treatment and to describe clinical and epidemiologic characteristics in patients with extraocular retinoblastoma. Eighty-three patients with extraocular retinoblastoma according to Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) classification were admitted to the Pediatric Department of the A. C. Camargo between 1987-2000. The age, gender, race, lag time, first clinical presentation, staging, laterality, and treatment regimen were analyzed. Treatment was comprised of cisplatin, teniposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide during the first treatment period (1987-1991) or cisplatin and teniposide with alternating courses of ifosfamide and etoposide during the second treatment period (1992-2000). The mean age of the patients was 32.9 months (range, 2-145 months). The mean lag time was 10.5 months. Forty-three patients were treated in the first period and 40 patients were treated in the second period. Locally advanced tumors (Class I-III) were present in 83.1% of the patients. There was a positive correlation between lag time and age for unilateral tumors (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.35; P = 0.006), whereas the correlation was negative for bilateral tumors (r = -0.12; P = 0.63). The 5-year overall survival was 55.1% in the first treatment period and 59.4% in the second treatment period (P = 0.69).
No significant differences with regard to survival rates were noted for unilateral tumors between the two treatment periods (44.6 noted for unilateral tumors vs. 59.1 noted for unilateral tumors). In the current study, the addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to a treatment regimen comprised of cisplatin, teniposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide did not appear to improve the survival of patients with extraocular retinoblastoma. Patients with dissemination to the central nervous system or metastatic disease remain incurable and die of progressive disease, despite the aggressive treatment. A multicenter trial should be considered to evaluate the best strategy for these situations.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Quimioterapia Combinada , Retinoblastoma , Retinoblastoma/classificação , Retinoblastoma/diagnóstico , Retinoblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Retinoblastoma/prevenção & controle , PrognósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) has been reported in patients on corticosteroids therapy for various pathologies. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory hepatic disease for which corticosteroids are recommended but PSC has not yet been reported in AIH patients on corticosteroids therapy. METHODS: The AIH patients at our service underwent an ophthalmological assessment and their files were analyzed establish the dosage and duration of medication, the presence of visual complaints and the type of AIH, in order to correlate these with the ophthalmological findings. Patients were examined with a slit lamp following pupil dilation. RESULTS: 17 AIH patients evaluated, only one patient had PSC. CONCLUSION: Although the frequency of PSC was low (1/17) in AIH patients on costicosteroid therapy, these individuals should undergo occasional ophthalmological assessment for the presence of cataracts since their visual acuity and quality of life may be adversely affected.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Catarata/induzido quimicamente , Hepatite Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Remodelling of the socket surrounding the continuously growing and erupting rat incisor was examined in teeth under normo, hyper and hypofunctional conditions. Cross-sections of the mandible were observed under fluorescence microscopy, where minocycline labelling evidenced bone remodelling. Animals had received minocycline (10 mg/day) during the experimental period. Control animals (from all three groups) received vehicle alone and samples from these animals were not fluorescent. Minocycline did not interfere with the eruption rates in any of the functional conditions studied. Normofunctional (impeded) incisors showed constant osteogenic activity in the alveolar bone facing the periodontal ligament in all regions of the incisor. Under hypofunctional (unimpeded) and hyperfunctional (impeded) conditions, osteogenesis in the region close to the alveolar crest was markedly increased in the mesial wall of the socket. The labial alveolar bone, facing the enamel-related periodontium, was almost entirely formed during the experimental period in all the groups, but in hyper and hypofunctional teeth the newly formed bone was thicker and contained a substantial amount formed before the experimental period. In the more apical regions of the socket no marked differences between the three functional conditions were found. The similar bone remodelling shown in hypo and hyperfunctional teeth might indicate that there are common factors causing this pattern. Consideration of possible factors appear to rule out the eruption rate, which is very different under these two functional conditions.
Assuntos
Remodelação Óssea , Incisivo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Erupção Dentária/fisiologia , Alvéolo Dental/fisiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Masculino , Mandíbula , Minociclina/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis aims to report results of patients with cervix cancer treated by external beam radiotherapy (EBR) and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From September 1992 to December 1996, 138 patients with FIGO Stages II and III and mean age of 56 years were treated. Median EBR to the whole pelvis was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Parametrial boost was performed in 93% of patients, with a median dose of 14.4 Gy. Brachytherapy with HDR was performed during EBR or following its completion with a dose of 24 Gy in four weekly fractions of 6 Gy to point A. Median overall treatment time was of 60 days. Patient age, tumor stage, and overall treatment time were variables analyzed for survival and local control. Cumulative biologic effective dose (BED) at rectal and bladder reference points were correlated with late complications in these organs and dose of EBR at parametrium was correlated with small bowel complications. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 38 months. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control at 5 years was 53.7%, 52.7%, and 62%, respectively. By multivariate and univariate analysis, overall treatment time up to 50 days was the only statistically significant adverse variable for overall survival (p = 0.003) and actuarial local control (p = 0.008). The 5-year actuarial incidence of rectal, bladder, and small bowel late complications was 16%, 11%, and 14%, respectively. Patients treated with cumulative BED at rectum points above 110 Gy(3) and at bladder point above 125 Gy(3) had a higher but not statistically significant 5-year actuarial rate of complications at these organs (18% vs. 12%, p = 0.49 and 17% vs. 9%, p = 0.20, respectively). Patients who received parametrial doses larger than 59 Gy had a higher 5-year actuarial rate of complications in the small bowel; however, this was not statistically significant (19% vs. 10%, p = 0.260). CONCLUSION: This series suggests that 45 Gy to the whole pelvis combined with four fractions of 6 Gy to point A with HDR brachytherapy is an effective and safe fractionation schedule in the treatment of Stages II and III cervix cancer if realized up to 50 days. To decrease the small bowel complications, we decreased the superior border of the parametrial fields to the S2-S3 level and the total dose to 54 Gy.
Assuntos
Braquiterapia/métodos , Carcinoma/radioterapia , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/radioterapia , Braquiterapia/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma/mortalidade , Fracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/efeitos da radiação , Tábuas de Vida , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Aceleradores de Partículas , Pelve/efeitos da radiação , Lesões por Radiação/epidemiologia , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo/efeitos adversos , Reto/efeitos da radiação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidadeRESUMO
The aim of this investigation was to study the use of glycol methacrylate (GMA) as an embedding material for rat subcutaneous tissue, which received implants of tubes with endodontic sealer. After fixation, the specimens were dehydrated in a growing alcohol series up to 95%, immersed in infiltration GMA solution and then in embedding solution. The blocks were cut into 3.0 microm sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The quality of cell definition and staining allowed a quantitative analysis of the cells infiltrated in the end of the tubes. It was also possible to identify each type of inflammatory cell. Moreover, it was possible to distinguish clearly chronic from acute inflammatory cells. The GMA technique is easy to execute and reproducible, and provides a better definition of tissue cells, thus permitting definition of the degree of the inflammatory process. Therefore, it is an excellent alternative for the evaluation of the biocompatibility of endodontic sealers.