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Abstract Objective To translate and culturally adapt the short-formFood Frequency Questionnaire (SFFFQ) for pregnant women, which contains 24 questions, into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Description of the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the SFFFQ into Brazilian Portuguese. The present study followed the recommendation of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research for translation and cultural adaptation with the following steps: 1) preparation; 2) first translation; 3) reconciliation; 4) back translation; 5) revision of back translation; 6) harmonization; 7) cognitive debriefing; 8) revision of debriefing results; 9) syntax and orthographic revision; and 10) final report. Five obstetricians, five dietitians and five pregnant women were interviewed to contribute with the language content of the SFFFQ. Results Few changes were made to the SFFFQ compared with the original version. These changes were discussed with the research team, and differences in language were adapted to suit all regions of Brazil. Conclusion The SFFFQ translated to Brazilian Portuguese can now be validated for use in the Brazilian population.

Resumo Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente, para o português do Brasil, a versão curta do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (VCQFA), que contém 24 questões, voltado para gestantes brasileiras. Métodos Este estudo descreve o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do VCQFA para o Português do Brasil. Este estudo seguiu as diretrizes da Sociedade Internacional para Farmacoeconomia e Pesquisa de Resultados para tradução e adaptação cultural, e foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: 1) preparação; 2) primeira tradução; 3) reconciliação; 4) tradução retrógrada; 5) revisão da tradução retrógrada; 6) harmonização; 7) discussão cognitiva; 8) análise dos resultados do desdobramento; 9) revisão de sintaxe e ortografia; e 10) relatório final. Cinco obstetras, cinco nutricionistas e cinco gestantes foram entrevistadas para contribuírem com o conteúdo de linguagem do VCQFA. Resultados Poucas mudanças foram realizadas no VCQFA em comparação com a versão original. Essas mudanças foram discutidas com a equipe de pesquisa, e as diferenças de linguagem foram adaptadas para que o questionário seja adequado a todas as regiões do Brasil. Conclusão A versão traduzida do VCQFA para o português do Brasil pode ser validada para a população brasileira.

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OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the short-form Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFFQ) for pregnant women, which contains 24 questions, into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: Description of the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the SFFFQ into Brazilian Portuguese. The present study followed the recommendation of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research for translation and cultural adaptation with the following steps: 1) preparation; 2) first translation; 3) reconciliation; 4) back translation; 5) revision of back translation; 6) harmonization; 7) cognitive debriefing; 8) revision of debriefing results; 9) syntax and orthographic revision; and 10) final report. Five obstetricians, five dietitians and five pregnant women were interviewed to contribute with the language content of the SFFFQ. RESULTS: Few changes were made to the SFFFQ compared with the original version. These changes were discussed with the research team, and differences in language were adapted to suit all regions of Brazil. CONCLUSION: The SFFFQ translated to Brazilian Portuguese can now be validated for use in the Brazilian population.

OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente, para o português do Brasil, a versão curta do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (VCQFA), que contém 24 questões, voltado para gestantes brasileiras. MéTODOS: Este estudo descreve o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do VCQFA para o Português do Brasil. Este estudo seguiu as diretrizes da Sociedade Internacional para Farmacoeconomia e Pesquisa de Resultados para tradução e adaptação cultural, e foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: 1) preparação; 2) primeira tradução; 3) reconciliação; 4) tradução retrógrada; 5) revisão da tradução retrógrada; 6) harmonização; 7) discussão cognitiva; 8) análise dos resultados do desdobramento; 9) revisão de sintaxe e ortografia; e 10) relatório final. Cinco obstetras, cinco nutricionistas e cinco gestantes foram entrevistadas para contribuírem com o conteúdo de linguagem do VCQFA. RESULTADOS: Poucas mudanças foram realizadas no VCQFA em comparação com a versão original. Essas mudanças foram discutidas com a equipe de pesquisa, e as diferenças de linguagem foram adaptadas para que o questionário seja adequado a todas as regiões do Brasil. CONCLUSãO: A versão traduzida do VCQFA para o português do Brasil pode ser validada para a população brasileira.

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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a supervised and regular program of aquatic activities throughout gestation on maternal weight gain and birth weight. DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Instituto de Obstetricia, Ginecología y Fertilidad Ghisoni (Buenos Aires, Argentina). PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eleven pregnant women were analyzed (31.6 ± 3.8 years). All women had uncomplicated and singleton pregnancies; 49 were allocated to the exercise group (EG) and 62 to the control group (CG). INTERVENTION: The intervention program consisted of 3 weekly sessions of aerobic and resistance aquatic activities from weeks 10 to 12 until weeks 38 to 39 of gestation. MEASURES: Maternal weight gain, birth weight, and other maternal and fetal outcomes were obtained by hospital records. ANALYSIS: Student unpaired t test and χ2 test were used; P values ≤.05 indicated statistical significance. Cohen's d was used to determinate the effect size. RESULTS: There was a higher percentage of women with excessive maternal weight gain in the CG (45.2%; n = 28) than in the EG (24.5%; n = 12; odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.89; P = .02). Birth weight and other pregnancy outcomes showed no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Three weekly sessions of water activities throughout pregnancy prevents excessive maternal weight gain and preserves birth weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT 02602106.

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BACKGROUND: The Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (PARmed-X) for Pregnancy aims to facilitate the communication between the health care provider, the fitness professional and the pregnant woman. The purpose of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy. METHODS: Reliability and validity of psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy were tested in 107 women recruited from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Participants completed the first page of the instrument twice with a minimal interval of 1 week for test-retest reliability analysis. The absolute and relative contraindications to exercise on page 2 of the document were completed by the obstetrician. RESULTS: Results indicated good evidence of construct validity. The isolated items in the PARmed-X document presented a large heterogeneity in kappa coefficients ranging from very low estimates to perfect estimates. The overall indication of prescription of physical activity, nonetheless, presented a good kappa coefficient of 0.749. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy can be applied as a valid tool for medical screening by health care providers to help inform safe exercise prescription during pregnancy.

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BACKGROUND: Exercise is an important part of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) lifestyle management. However, no meta-analysis has analyzed the effects of exercise programs on fasting blood glucose (FBG) in women with GDM. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of weekly supervised exercise (EXE) or physical activity counseling (PA) in women with GDM compared with usual prenatal care (UPN) on glycemic control. METHODS: Eligible trials were identified from Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus up to December 2016. Data were retrieved from randomized controlled trials comparing UPN with UPN plus weekly supervised (at least once a week) prenatal exercise or PA counseling for which FBG values before and after intervention were available. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for mean difference in FBG after exercise intervention. RESULTS: The search yielded 781 publications, of which 82 were assessed for eligibility and eight were included in the meta-analysis. The overall effect on absolute FBG concentrations was not significant (P = 0.11) compared with UPN. However, PA versus UPN showed a significant reduction in absolute FBG concentrations (weighted mean difference -3.88 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval -7.33, -0.42 mg/dL; I 2 48%; P heterogeneity < 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity counseling in women with GDM showed a significant effect compared with UPN on FBG concentrations, possibly due to a longer follow-up time compared with the EXE groups. This result highlights the importance of an early intervention that lasts to delivery for best practice of GDM management.

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We describe the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy for use in Brazilian Portuguese. The original instrument was developed in English for health screening prior to and guidelines for prenatal exercise. We followed the ten steps according to the Translation and Cultural Adaptation International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines. Our template can be used by other health professionals for translation and verification of the original tool into their native language.

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