RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibiofilm and anticaries properties of the association of arginine (Arg) with calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) and fluoride (F). METHODS: An active attachment, polymicrobial biofilm model obtained from saliva and bovine teeth discs were used. After the initial biofilm growth period, the enamel discs were transferred to culture medium. The treatment solutions were added to the culture media to achieve the desired final concentration. The following groups were used: negative control (Control); F (110 ppm F); CaGP (0.05 %); Arg (0.8 %) and their associations (F + CaGP; Arg + F; Arg + CaGP; Arg +F + CaGP). The following analyses were carried out: bacterial viability (total bacteria, aciduric bacteria and mutans streptococci), pH assessment of the spent culture medium, dry weight quantification, evaluation of surface hardness loss (%SH) and subsurface mineral content. Normality and homoscedasticity were tested (Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's test) and the following tests were applied: two-way ANOVA (acidogenicity), Kruskall-Wallis (microbial viability) and one way ANOVA (dry weight, %SH, mineral content). RESULTS: The association Arg + F + CaGP resulted in the lowest surface hardness loss in tooth enamel (-10.9 ± 2.3 %; p < 0.05). Arg +F + CaGP exhibited highest values of subsurface mineral content (10.1 ± 2.9 gHAP/cm3) in comparison to Control and F (p < 0.05). In comparison to Control and F, Arg +F + CaGP promoted the highest reduction in aciduric bacteria and mutans streptococci (5.7 ± 0.4; 4.4 ± 0.5 logCFU/mL, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Arg-F-Ca association demonstrated to be the most effective combination in protecting the loss of surface hardness and subsurface mineral content, in addition to controlling important virulence factors of the cariogenic biofilm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide evidence that the Arg-F-Ca association showed an additive effect, particularly concerning protection against enamel demineralization. The combination of these compounds may be a strategy for patients at high risk of caries.
Assuntos
Arginina , Biofilmes , Cariostáticos , Cárie Dentária , Esmalte Dentário , Fluoretos , Glicerofosfatos , Viabilidade Microbiana , Saliva , Streptococcus mutans , Arginina/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Bovinos , Animais , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Glicerofosfatos/farmacologia , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Dureza , Humanos , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Desmineralização do Dente/microbiologia , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most important hemoglobinopathy in terms of frequency and social impact and can affect the stomatognathic system. AIM: To assess and compare the developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in children and adolescents with and without SCD. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative study of 210 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years, who visited the Hematology and Hemotherapy Hospital of Pernambuco. RESULTS: Developmental defects of the enamel were observed in 55.2% of the SCD patients and 35.2% of the non-SCD patients (healthy group; p < .05). In the SCD group, DDE were more common in females than in males (69.1% vs. 40.0%; p < .05). The incidence of DDE in the permanent teeth was higher in the upper arch than in the lower arch (SCD group, 13.1% vs. 4.6%; healthy group, 8.9% vs. 3.6%; p < .05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the healthy group, the SCD patients were almost twice as likely to develop DDE, mostly affecting females and the permanent teeth. These findings suggest that individuals with SCD need early dental care to avoid future oral problems.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dentição Permanente , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Esmalte Dentário , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mortality rate of COVID-19 among children and adolescents aged 0 to 14 years. METHODS: Ecological and exploratory study of children's mortality rate by COVID-19 in Brazil, from February to October 2020. The study used the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome database to collect the data and made the analysis using descriptive spatial statistics by age and race/color classification. RESULT: The mortality rate due to COVID-19 represented 1.34 deaths per one hundred thousand in the total group evaluated. The age group with the highest frequency and mortality rate was 1 to 4 years of age. There is a higher frequency of deaths in the brown and Indigenous population. CONCLUSION: The distribution of deaths due to COVID-19 is unequal in the national territory, and there is a wide variation in the mortality rate by age and race/color groups.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Grupos RaciaisRESUMO
Importance: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may improve symptoms of inattention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous trials are characterized by small sample sizes, heterogeneous methodologies, and short treatment periods using clinic-based tDCS. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of home-based tDCS in treating inattention symptoms in adult patients with ADHD. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized, double-blind, parallel, sham-controlled clinical trial (tDCS for the Treatment of Inattention Symptoms in Adult Patients With ADHD [TUNED]), conducted from July 2019 through July 2021 in a single-center outpatient academic setting. Of 277 potential participants screened by phone, 150 were assessed for eligibility on site, and 64 were included. Participants were adults with ADHD, inattentive or combined subtype. Exclusion criteria included current stimulant drug treatment, current moderate to severe symptoms of depression or anxiety, diagnosis of bipolar disorder with a manic or depressive episode in the last year, diagnosis of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder, and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder; 55 of participants completed follow-up after 4 weeks. Interventions: Thirty-minute daily sessions of home-based tDCS for 4 weeks, 2 mA anodal-right and cathodal-left prefrontal stimulation with 35-cm2 carbon electrodes. Main Outcomes and Measures: Inattentive scores in the clinician-administered version of the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale version 1.1 (CASRS-I). Results: Included in this trial were 64 participants with ADHD (31 [48%] inattentive presentation and 33 [52%] combined presentation), with a mean (SD) age of 38.3 (9.6) years. Thirty participants (47%) were women and 34 (53%) were men. Fifty-five finished the trial. At week 4, the mean (SD) inattention score, as measured with CASRS-I, was 18.88 (5.79) in the active tDCS group and 23.63 (3.97) in the sham tDCS group. Linear mixed-effects models revealed a statistically significant treatment by time interaction for CASRS-I (ßinteraction = -3.18; 95% CI, -4.60 to -1.75; P < .001), showing decreased symptoms of inattention in the active tDCS group over the 3 assessments compared to the sham tDCS group. Mild adverse events were more frequent in the active tDCS group, particularly skin redness, headache, and scalp burn. Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, daily treatment with a home-based tDCS device over 4 weeks improved attention in adult patients with ADHD who were not taking stimulant medication. Home-based tDCS could be a nonpharmacological alternative for patients with ADHD. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04003740.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Bipolar , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Adulto , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate a biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in excisional cutaneous wound in mice. METHODS: Preclinical, translational study conducted with 64 C57BL/6 mice randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Evaluation was on days D0, D3, D5, D7 and D10 of wound making. The profile of biofilm formation and induction was evaluated using wound closure kinetics, quantitative culture, and evaluation of wounds using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Clinical evaluation was performed by liver tissue culture, weight variation, and quantification of leukocytes in peripheral blood. Analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS: Bacterial load for induction of infection with P. aeruginosa and survival of animals was 104 UFC·mL-1. In D5 (p < 0.0001) and D7 (p < 0.01), animals in the intervention group showed a delay in the healing process and had their wounds covered by necrotic tissue until D10. Statistical differences were observed in wound cultures and weight at D5 and D7 (p < 0.01). Liver cultures and leukocyte quantification showed no statistical differences. No bacteria in planktonic or biofilm form were identified by TEM. CONCLUSIONS: The findings raise questions about the understanding of the ease of formation and high occurrence of biofilm in chronic wounds.
Assuntos
Infecções por Pseudomonas , Infecção dos Ferimentos , Animais , Camundongos , Biofilmes , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Perinatal mortality includes fetal mortality and early neonatal mortality (0 to 6 days of life). The study described perinatal deaths in Brazil in 2018 according to the modified Wigglesworth classification. The data sources were the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Information System on Live Births. Fetal mortality and perinatal mortality rates were calculated per 1,000 total births (live births plus stillbirths) and the early neonatal mortality rate per 1,000 live births, compared using their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Perinatal deaths were classified in groups of antepartum causes, congenital anomalies, prematurity, asphyxia, and specific causes. For each group of causes, the study calculated the number of deaths by weight group, in addition to mortality rates and respective 95%CI, besides the spatial distribution of mortality rates by state of Brazil. A total of 35,857 infant deaths were recorded, of which 18,866 (52.6%) were early neonatal deaths, while stillbirths totaled 27,009. Perinatal deaths totaled 45,875, for a mortality rate of 15.5 births. The highest mortality rate (7.6; 7.5-7.7) was observed in the antepartum group, followed by prematurity (3.6; 3.6-3.7). In the antepartum group, 14 of the 27 states (eight of which in the Northeast and four in the North) presented perinatal mortality rates above the national rate. Perinatal mortality in Brazil was high, and most deaths could have been prevented with investment in prenatal and childbirth care.
A mortalidade perinatal engloba a mortalidade fetal e a neonatal precoce (0 a 6 dias). Este estudo descreveu os óbitos perinatais ocorridos no Brasil em 2018, segundo a classificação de Wigglesworth modificada. As fontes de dados foram os Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade fetal e perinatal por mil nascimentos totais (nascidos vivos mais natimortos) e a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce por mil nascidos vivos, e comparadas usando seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Os óbitos perinatais foram classificados nos grupos de causas anteparto, anomalias congênitas, prematuridade, asfixia e causas específicas. Foi calculado, para cada grupo de causas, o número de óbitos por faixa de peso, além das taxas de mortalidade e os respectivos IC95%, e feita a distribuição espacial das taxas de mortalidade por Unidade da Federação (UF). Foram registrados 35.857 óbitos infantis, sendo 18.866 (52,6%) neonatais precoces; os natimortos somaram 27.009. Os óbitos perinatais totalizaram 45.875, perfazendo uma taxa de mortalidade de 15,5 nascimentos. A maior taxa de mortalidade (7,6; 7,5-7,7) foi observada no grupo anteparto, seguido da prematuridade (3,6; 3,6-3,7). No grupo anteparto, 14 das 27 UFs (sendo oito na Região Nordeste e quatro na Região Norte) apresentaram as taxas de mortalidade perinatal acima da nacional. A taxa de mortalidade perinatal no Brasil mostrou-se elevada, e a maioria dos óbitos poderia ser prevenida com investimento em cuidados pré-natais e ao nascimento.
La mortalidad perinatal engloba la mortalidad fetal y neonatal precoz (0 a 6 días). Este estudio describió los óbitos perinatales ocurridos en Brasil en 2018, según la clasificación de Wigglesworth modificada. Las fuentes de datos fueron los Sistemas de Información sobre Mortalidad y sobre Nacidos Vivos. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad fetal y perinatal por 1.000 nacimientos totales (nacidos vivos más mortinatos) y la tasa de mortalidad neonatal precoz por 1.000 nacidos vivos, y se compararon usando sus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). Los óbitos perinatales se clasificaron en los grupos de causas: anteparto, anomalías congénitas, prematuridad, asfixia y causas específicas. Se calculó, para cada grupo de causas, el número de óbitos por franja de peso, además de las tasas de mortalidad y los respectivos IC95%, y se realizó la distribución espacial de las tasas de mortalidad por Unidad de la Federación (UF). Se registraron 35.857 óbitos infantiles, siendo 18.866 (52,6%) neonatales precoces; los mortinatos sumaron 27.009. Los óbitos perinatales totalizaron 45.875, ascendiendo a una tasa de mortalidad de un 15,5 nacimientos. La mayor tasa de mortalidad (7,6; 7,5-7,7) se observó en el grupo anteparto, seguido de la prematuridad (3,6; 3,6-3,7). En el grupo anteparto, 14 de las 27 UFs (estando ocho en la región Nordeste y cuatro en la región Norte) presentaron tasas de mortalidad perinatal por encima de la nacional. La tasa de mortalidad perinatal en Brasil se mostró elevada y la mayoría de los óbitos podría ser prevenido con inversión en cuidados prenatales y en el nacimiento.
Assuntos
Morte Perinatal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Mortalidade Perinatal , GravidezRESUMO
Resumo: A mortalidade perinatal engloba a mortalidade fetal e a neonatal precoce (0 a 6 dias). Este estudo descreveu os óbitos perinatais ocorridos no Brasil em 2018, segundo a classificação de Wigglesworth modificada. As fontes de dados foram os Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade fetal e perinatal por mil nascimentos totais (nascidos vivos mais natimortos) e a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce por mil nascidos vivos, e comparadas usando seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Os óbitos perinatais foram classificados nos grupos de causas anteparto, anomalias congênitas, prematuridade, asfixia e causas específicas. Foi calculado, para cada grupo de causas, o número de óbitos por faixa de peso, além das taxas de mortalidade e os respectivos IC95%, e feita a distribuição espacial das taxas de mortalidade por Unidade da Federação (UF). Foram registrados 35.857 óbitos infantis, sendo 18.866 (52,6%) neonatais precoces; os natimortos somaram 27.009. Os óbitos perinatais totalizaram 45.875, perfazendo uma taxa de mortalidade de 15,5‰ nascimentos. A maior taxa de mortalidade (7,6‰; 7,5‰-7,7‰) foi observada no grupo anteparto, seguido da prematuridade (3,6‰; 3,6‰-3,7‰). No grupo anteparto, 14 das 27 UFs (sendo oito na Região Nordeste e quatro na Região Norte) apresentaram as taxas de mortalidade perinatal acima da nacional. A taxa de mortalidade perinatal no Brasil mostrou-se elevada, e a maioria dos óbitos poderia ser prevenida com investimento em cuidados pré-natais e ao nascimento.
Abstract: Perinatal mortality includes fetal mortality and early neonatal mortality (0 to 6 days of life). The study described perinatal deaths in Brazil in 2018 according to the modified Wigglesworth classification. The data sources were the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Information System on Live Births. Fetal mortality and perinatal mortality rates were calculated per 1,000 total births (live births plus stillbirths) and the early neonatal mortality rate per 1,000 live births, compared using their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Perinatal deaths were classified in groups of antepartum causes, congenital anomalies, prematurity, asphyxia, and specific causes. For each group of causes, the study calculated the number of deaths by weight group, in addition to mortality rates and respective 95%CI, besides the spatial distribution of mortality rates by state of Brazil. A total of 35,857 infant deaths were recorded, of which 18,866 (52.6%) were early neonatal deaths, while stillbirths totaled 27,009. Perinatal deaths totaled 45,875, for a mortality rate of 15.5‰ births. The highest mortality rate (7.6‰; 7.5‰-7.7‰) was observed in the antepartum group, followed by prematurity (3.6‰; 3.6‰-3.7‰). In the antepartum group, 14 of the 27 states (eight of which in the Northeast and four in the North) presented perinatal mortality rates above the national rate. Perinatal mortality in Brazil was high, and most deaths could have been prevented with investment in prenatal and childbirth care.
Resumen: La mortalidad perinatal engloba la mortalidad fetal y neonatal precoz (0 a 6 días). Este estudio describió los óbitos perinatales ocurridos en Brasil en 2018, según la clasificación de Wigglesworth modificada. Las fuentes de datos fueron los Sistemas de Información sobre Mortalidad y sobre Nacidos Vivos. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad fetal y perinatal por 1.000 nacimientos totales (nacidos vivos más mortinatos) y la tasa de mortalidad neonatal precoz por 1.000 nacidos vivos, y se compararon usando sus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). Los óbitos perinatales se clasificaron en los grupos de causas: anteparto, anomalías congénitas, prematuridad, asfixia y causas específicas. Se calculó, para cada grupo de causas, el número de óbitos por franja de peso, además de las tasas de mortalidad y los respectivos IC95%, y se realizó la distribución espacial de las tasas de mortalidad por Unidad de la Federación (UF). Se registraron 35.857 óbitos infantiles, siendo 18.866 (52,6%) neonatales precoces; los mortinatos sumaron 27.009. Los óbitos perinatales totalizaron 45.875, ascendiendo a una tasa de mortalidad de un 15,5‰ nacimientos. La mayor tasa de mortalidad (7,6‰; 7,5‰-7,7‰) se observó en el grupo anteparto, seguido de la prematuridad (3,6‰; 3,6‰-3,7‰). En el grupo anteparto, 14 de las 27 UFs (estando ocho en la región Nordeste y cuatro en la región Norte) presentaron tasas de mortalidad perinatal por encima de la nacional. La tasa de mortalidad perinatal en Brasil se mostró elevada y la mayoría de los óbitos podría ser prevenido con inversión en cuidados prenatales y en el nacimiento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Morte Perinatal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade PerinatalRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the mortality rate of COVID-19 among children and adolescents aged 0 to 14 years. Methods: Ecological and exploratory study of children's mortality rate by COVID-19 in Brazil, from February to October 2020. The study used the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome database to collect the data and made the analysis using descriptive spatial statistics by age and race/color classification. Result: The mortality rate due to COVID-19 represented 1.34 deaths per one hundred thousand in the total group evaluated. The age group with the highest frequency and mortality rate was 1 to 4 years of age. There is a higher frequency of deaths in the brown and Indigenous population. Conclusion: The distribution of deaths due to COVID-19 is unequal in the national territory, and there is a wide variation in the mortality rate by age and race/color groups.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la tasa de mortalidad por COVID-19 entre niños y adolescentes de 0 a 14 años. Métodos: Estudio ecológico y exploratorio de la tasa de mortalidad de niños por COVID-19 en Brasil, en el período de febrero a octubre de 2020. La recolecta fue realizada utilizándose el Banco de Datos de Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave, y el análisis fue realizado con recurso a la estadística espacial descriptiva, por clasificación etaria y de raza/color. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad por COVID-19 representó 1,34 muertes a cada 100 mil en el grupo total evaluado. La franja etaria con mayor frecuencia y tasa de mortalidad fue de 1 a 4 años. Hay mayor frecuencia de óbitos en la población parda e indígena. Conclusión: La distribución de óbitos por COVID-19 es desigual en el territorio nacional, y hay grande variación de la tasa de mortalidad por grupos etarios y de raza/color.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a taxa de mortalidade por COVID-19 entre crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 14 anos. Métodos: Estudo ecológico e exploratório da taxa de mortalidade de crianças por COVID 19 no Brasil, no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2020. A coleta foi feita utilizando-se o Banco de Dados de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave, e a análise foi realizada com recurso à estatística espacial descritiva, por classificação etária e de raça/cor. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade por COVID-19 representou 1,34 mortes a cada 100 mil no grupo total avaliado. A faixa etária com maior frequência e taxa de mortalidade foi de 1 a 4 anos. Há maior frequência de óbitos na população parda e indígena. Conclusão: A distribuição de óbitos por COVID-19 é desigual no território nacional, e há grande variação da taxa de mortalidade por grupos etários e de raça/cor.
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Purpose: To evaluate a biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in excisional cutaneous wound in mice. Methods: Preclinical, translational study conducted with 64 C57BL/6 mice randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Evaluation was on days D0, D3, D5, D7 and D10 of wound making. The profile of biofilm formation and induction was evaluated using wound closure kinetics, quantitative culture, and evaluation of wounds using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Clinical evaluation was performed by liver tissue culture, weight variation, and quantification of leukocytes in peripheral blood. Analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism software. Results: Bacterial load for induction of infection with P. aeruginosa and survival of animals was 104 UFC·mL-1. In D5 (p < 0.0001) and D7 (p < 0.01), animals in the intervention group showed a delay in the healing process and had their wounds covered by necrotic tissue until D10. Statistical differences were observed in wound cultures and weight at D5 and D7 (p < 0.01). Liver cultures and leukocyte quantification showed no statistical differences. No bacteria in planktonic or biofilm form were identified by TEM. Conclusions: The findings raise questions about the understanding of the ease of formation and high occurrence of biofilm in chronic wounds.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Cicatrização , Ferimentos e Lesões , Biofilmes , InfecçõesRESUMO
Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by excessive collagen production. The oral manifestations of the patient with scleroderma can include microstomia, xerostomia, and changes in the resorption teeth. We report the case of a 7-year-old female patient diagnosed with systemic scleroderma where photobiomodulation therapy was used to treat xerostomia associated with hyposalivation. She attended a pediatric clinic and presented with dry and rigid facial skin, trismus, xerostomia, malocclusion, and difficulty swallowing. Stimulated salivary flow was assessed before, during, and after treatment. Photobiomodulation therapy was conducted at four points at the sublingual glands with 660 nm, 100 mW, and 0.8 J/cm2 to each point; eight points at the parotid glands; and six points at the submandibular glands with 808 nm, 100 mW, and 0.8 J/cm2 for 8 seconds at each point. After this therapy, an increase in salivary flow, remission of the xerostomia, and an improvement in mastication and swallowing were observed. Photobiomodulation therapy was effective in controlling xerostomia in this pediatric patient, resulting in increased salivary flow and an improvement in her quality of life.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.538203.].
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BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 associated with haematological manifestations (thrombolytic events). AIMS: Considering the high prevalence of the thrombotic scenarios associated with COVID-19, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the available literature, concerning the relation of COVID-19 and the thrombotic events, and identify prognostic factors for these events. MATERIALS & METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched. Independent reviewers conducted all flow diagram steps. For qualitative analysis, Oxford level of evidence and Newcastle-Ottawa scale were used in the eligible articles. For the prognostic factors, a meta-analysis was conducted to age, number of neutrophils and platelets, and levels of ferritin, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer. Publication bias was accessed by funnel plot and by trim-and-fill test. Trim-and-fill test was also applied to evaluate meta-analysis bias. RESULTS: Twenty articles were included in the qualitative analysis, and 6 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Case-control studies showed bias related to exposure, and the main bias in cohort studies were related to selection and outcome. All articles received score 4 for the level of evidence. Hypertension and diabetes were the comorbidities more frequently associated with thrombolytic events. Significant results were found regarding D-dimer (P < .0001) and age (P = .0202) for thrombotic events in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Patients older than 60 years, with hypertension, diabetes and D-Dimer values above 3.17 µg/mL, can be considered prognostic factors for developing thrombotic events due to COVID-19.
Assuntos
COVID-19/epidemiologia , Trombose/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , COVID-19/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Trombose Intracraniana/epidemiologia , Trombose Intracraniana/etiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Trombose/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/epidemiologia , Trombose Venosa/etiologiaRESUMO
Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by excessive collagen production. The oral manifestations of the patient with scleroderma can include microstomia, xerostomia, and changes in the resorption teeth. We report the case of a 7-year-old female patient diagnosed with systemic scleroderma where photobiomodulation therapy was used to treat xerostomia associated with hyposalivation. She attended a pediatric clinic and presented with dry and rigid facial skin, trismus, xerostomia, malocclusion, and difficulty swallowing. Stimulated salivary flow was assessed before, during, and after treatment. Photobiomodulation therapy was conducted at four points at the sublingual glands with 660 nm, 100 mW, and 0.8 J/cm2 to each point; eight points at the parotid glands; and six points at the submandibular glands with 808 nm, 100 mW, and 0.8 J/cm2 for 8 seconds at each point. After this therapy, an increase in salivary flow, remission of the xerostomia, and an improvement in mastication and swallowing were observed. Photobiomodulation therapy was effective in controlling xerostomia in this pediatric patient, resulting in increased salivary flow and an improvement in her quality of life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Xerostomia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa IntensidadeRESUMO
The sponge implant has been applied as an important in vivo model for the study of inflammatory processes as it induces the migration, proliferation, and accumulation of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition in its trabeculae. The characterization of immune events in sponge implants would be useful in identifying the immunological events that could support the selection of an appropriate experimental model (mouse strain) and time post-implant analysis in optimized protocols for novel applications of this model such as in biomolecules screening. Here, the changes in histological/morphometric, immunophenotypic and functional features of infiltrating leukocytes (LEU) were assessed in sponge implants for Swiss, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice. A gradual increase of fibrovascular stroma and a progressive decrease in LEU infiltration, mainly composed of polymorphonuclear cells with progressive shift toward mononuclear cells at late time-points were observed over time. Usually, Swiss mice presented a more prominent immune response with late mixed pattern (pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory: IL-2/IFN-γ/IL-4/IL-10/IL-17) of cytokine production. While BALB/c mice showed an early activation of the innate response with a controlled cytokine profile (low inflammatory potential), C57BL/6 mice presented a typical early pro-inflammatory (IL-6/TNF/IFN-γ) response with persistent neutrophilic involvement. A rational selection of the ideal time-point/mouse-lineage would avoid bias or tendentious results. Criteria such as low number of increased biomarkers, no recruitment of cytotoxic response, minor cytokine production, and lower biomarker connectivity (described as biomarker signature analysis and network analysis) guided the choice of the best time-point for each model (Day5/Swiss; Day7/BALB/c; Day6/C57BL/6) with wide application for screening purposes, such as identification of therapeutic biomolecules, selection of antigens/adjuvants, and follow-up of innate and adaptive immune response to vaccines candidates.
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BACKGROUND: In this study, infant mortality rate (IMR) inequalities are analyzed from 1990 to 2015 in different geographic scales. METHODS: The Ministry of Health (MoH) IMR estimates by Federative Units (FU) were compared to those obtained by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) group. In order to measure the inequalities of the IMR by FU, the ratios from highest to lowest from 1990 to 2015 were calculated. Maps were elaborated in 2000, 2010, and 2015 at the municipality level. To analyze the effect of income, IMR inequalities by GDP per capita were analyzed, comparing Brazil and the FU to other same-income level countries in 2015, and the IMR municipal estimates were analyzed by income deciles, in 2000 and 2010. RESULTS: IMR decreased from 47.1 to 13.4 per 1000 live births (LB) from 1990 to 2015, with an annual decrease rate of 4.9%. The decline was less pronounced for the early neonatal annual rate (3.5%). The Northeast region showed the most significant annual decline (6.2%). The IMR estimates carried out by the GBD were about 20% higher than those obtained by the MoH, but in terms of their inequalities, the ratio from the highest to the lowest IMR among the 27 FU decreased from 4 to 2, for both methods. The percentage of municipalities with IMR higher than 40 per 1000 LB decreased from 23% to 2%, between 2000 and 2015. Comparing the IMR distribution by income deciles, all inequality measures of the IMR decreased markedly from 2000 to 2010. CONCLUSION: The results showed a marked decrease in the IMR inequalities in Brazil, regardless of the geographic breakdown and the calculation method. Despite clear signs of progress in curbing infant mortality, there are still challenges in reducing its level, such as the concentration of deaths in the early neonatal period, and the specific increases of post neonatal mortality in 2016, after the recent cuts in social investments.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Feminino , Carga Global da Doença , Saúde Global , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Renda , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Características de Residência , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
This systematic review aimed to discuss the effects of arginine on caries-related microorganisms in different in vitro biofilm models. The eligibility criteria were in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of arginine at different concentrations on caries-related microorganisms using biofilm models. Eighteen studies published between 2012 and 2019 were included. Different bacterial species were studied. Seventeen studies (94.4%) achieved a low risk of bias and only one showed a medium risk of bias. The studies showed that arginine is a promising approach for the ecological management of dental caries. The focus of this review was to evaluate the effects of arginine on microorganisms involved in the mechanism of dental caries.
Assuntos
Arginina , Bactérias , Cárie Dentária , Biofilmes , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , HumanosRESUMO
The individual's socioeconomic conditions are the most relevant to predict the quality of someone's health. However, such information is not usually found in medical records, making studies in the area difficult. Therefore, it is common to use composite indices that characterize a region socioeconomically, such as the Human Development Index (HDI). The main advantage of the HDI is its understanding and adoption on a global scale. However, its applicability is limited for health studies since its longevity dimension presents mathematical redundancy in regression models. Here we introduce the GeoSES, a composite index that summarizes the main dimensions of the Brazilian socioeconomic context for research purposes. We created the index from the 2010 Brazilian Census, whose variables selection was guided by theoretical references for health studies. The proposed index incorporates seven socioeconomic dimensions: education, mobility, poverty, wealth, income, segregation, and deprivation of resources and services. We developed the GeoSES using Principal Component Analysis and evaluated its construct, content, and applicability. GeoSES is defined at three scales: national (GeoSES-BR), Federative Unit (GeoSES-FU), and intra-municipal (GeoSES-IM). GeoSES-BR dimensions showed a good association with HDI-M (correlation above 0.85). The model with the poverty dimension best explained the relative risk of avoidable cause mortality in Brazil. In the intra-municipal scale, the model with GeoSES-IM was the one that best explained the relative risk of mortality from circulatory system diseases. By applying spatial regressions, we demonstrated that GeoSES shows significant explanatory potential in the studied scales, being a compelling complement for future researches in public health.
Assuntos
Pobreza , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Ciências Sociais/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Humanos , Modelos Estatísticos , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The term "garbage code" (GC) is used to designate an underlying cause of death that is not very useful for the health policy, since it does not adequately identify actions to prevent and control diseases and health problems. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of GC investigation on changing causes of death in 17 municipalities in the Brazilian Northern region in 2017. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study on the results of the investigation of deaths with GC in selected hospitals in 17 cities in the seven states of the Northern region, as part of the Data for Health Initiative of the Ministry of Health (MH). In these hospitals, the underlying causes of deaths occurring in 2017 were reviewed, and the GC investigation protocol was applied to deaths with GC. RESULTS: In 2017, 37,082 deaths occurred in the 17 municipalities studied, of which 29.3% (n = 10,878) were GC and 83.2% were priority GC. Among the priority GCs, 25.9% were investigated, of which 79.1% had a change in the underlying cause. DISCUSSION: There is great variation among the 17 municipalities in relation to the proportion of GC. In 13 of the municipalities studied, the underlying cause of death was reclassified in at least 70% of the cases investigated for the priority GC. CONCLUSION: Despite the improvement in reducing the proportion of underlying causes of death with GC in this study, there is still a need for greater investment in training professionals and increasing services to carry out death investigations, in order to ensure the sustainability of the project in the region.
INTRODUÇÃO: O termo "código garbage" (CG) é usado para designar uma causa básica de óbito pouco útil para o setor de saúde, uma vez que não permite identificar adequadamente ações para prevenção e controle das doenças e agravos de saúde. Objetivo: avaliar os resultados da investigação de óbitos por CG em 17 municípios da região Norte no ano de 2017. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal sobre a investigação dos óbitos por CG em hospitais públicos de 17 municípios dos 7 estados da região Norte, como parte do projeto Dados para a Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (MS). Nesses hospitais foram revisadas as causas básicas de morte dos óbitos ocorridos em 2017 e aplicado o protocolo de investigação de CG do MS. RESULTADOS: Em 2017, ocorreram 37.082 óbitos nos 17 municípios que participaram do estudo, destes, 29,3% (n = 10.878) eram CG total e, destes, 83,2% eram CG prioritários. Dentre os CG prioritários, 25,9% foram investigados e, destes, 79,1% mudaram a causa básica. DISCUSSÃO: Observou-se uma grande variação entre os 17 municípios em relação à proporção de CG. Chama atenção que 13 municípios estudados reclassificaram a causa básica de morte em pelo menos 70% dos casos investigados para os CG prioritários. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da melhoria ocorrida com redução na proporção de CG como causa básica de morte nos municípios analisados, ainda se faz necessário maior investimento em capacitação de profissionais e ampliação dos serviços que investigam os óbitos, de modo a permitir a sustentabilidade do projeto na região.
Assuntos
Causas de Morte , Sistemas de Informação/normas , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cidades/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Confiabilidade dos Dados , Atestado de Óbito , Feminino , Geografia , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
Today, elasmobranchs are one the most threatened vertebrate groups worldwide. In fact, at least 90% of elasmobranch species are listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, while more than 40% are data-deficient. Although these vertebrates are mainly affected by unsustainable fishery activities, bycatch is also one of the major threats to sharks and batoids worldwide, and represents a challenge for both sustainable fishery management and for biodiversity and conservational efforts. Thus, in this study, DNA barcode methodology was used to identify the bycatch composition of batoid species from small-scale industrial fisheries in the southwest Atlantic and artisanal fisheries from southeast Brazil. A total of 228 individuals belonging to four Chondrichthyes orders, seven families, and at least 17 distinct batoid species were sequenced; among these individuals, 131 belonged to species protected in Brazil, 101 to globally threatened species, and some to species with trade restrictions provided by Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). These results highlight the impacts on marine biodiversity of bycatch by small-scale industrial and unmanaged artisanal fisheries from the southwest Atlantic, and support the implementation of DNA-based methodologies for species-specific identification in data-poor fisheries as a powerful tool for improving the quality of fisheries' catch statistics and for keeping precise bycatch records.
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/veterinária , Elasmobrânquios/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Elasmobrânquios/genética , Elasmobrânquios/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Pesqueiros , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
The occurrence of inflammation and protein malnutrition is an aggravating risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the clinical setting. The green propolis, a natural product made by Apis mellifera bees from Baccharis dracunculifolia resin, has therapeutic potential to modulate chronic inflammation. However, its effect on inflammation in an impaired nutritional status is not known. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of the administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of the green propolis in the chronic inflammatory process of mice submitted to a low-protein diet. For this, we used the subcutaneous implantation of sponge disks as an inflammatory model and the animals were distributed in the following groups: standard protein diet (12% protein content), control treatment; standard protein diet, propolis treatment; low-protein diet (3% protein content), control treatment; low-protein diet, propolis treatment. Propolis was given daily at a dose of 500 mg/kg (p.o.) during a period of 7 or 15 days. Our main findings show that animals fed with standard protein diet and treated with propolis had low levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, with the subsequent reestablishment of these levels, in addition to monocyte count elevation and higher TNF levels after one week of treatment. In the low-protein diet group, the propolis treatment provided a significant recovery in weight and maintenance of total serum protein levels at the end of two weeks of treatment. Histological analysis showed propolis reduced the inflammatory infiltrate in the sponges of both standard and low-protein diet groups. In addition, the propolis extract presented antiangiogenic effect in both groups. Therefore, our data suggests that the hydroalcoholic extract of the green propolis promotes weight recovery and avoid the reduction of protein levels, in addition to inhibit inflammation and angiogenesis in animals fed with a low-protein diet.