RESUMO
Passiflora tenuifila is a Brazilian native passion fruit consumed by the local population and is a dietary source of bioactive compounds with potential biological activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value of P. tenuifila fruit and its bioactive compounds at two ripening stages. Three batches of fruit were collected at mature-green and ripe stages, and phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and polyamines were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. The fruit is a good source of dietary fiber. Proanthocyanidin dimers are the major phenolic compounds (up to 84%) at both stages, followed by the C-glycosylated luteolin. Lutein and ß-carotene are the major carotenoids, contributing up to 50% of total carotenoids. The OPLS-DA segregates the mature-green and ripe fruits, as carotenoids are responsible for this separation. In conclusion, passion fruit can be consumed at both stages of maturation without losses of bioactive compound contents or nutritional value.
Assuntos
Passiflora , Proantocianidinas , Antioxidantes , Carotenoides/análise , Cromatografia Líquida , Fibras na Dieta , Frutas/química , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Understanding the food protein binding to bioactive compounds is of utmost importance for the development of efficient protein-based delivery systems. The binding of lutein to sodium caseinate (NaCas) or native casein micelle (PPCN) was investigated at pH 7 to evaluate the effect of casein supramolecular structures on the interaction. Fluorescence quenching, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering were carried out. Under the medium conditions of interaction analysis (DMSO-water and ethanol-water), lutein exists as H-type aggregates. The investigation of lutein/casein interaction showed a predominantly static mechanism of fluorescence quenching and the presence of two fluorophore populations on NaCas and PPCN, but only one accessible to lutein. Moreover, the Scatchard plot indicated that lutein interacted with both caseins in one binding site. The interaction of lutein with caseins occurred with binding constant Kb of 105 M-1, regardless of casein supramolecular structure.
Assuntos
Caseínas , Luteína , Difusão Dinâmica da Luz , Micelas , Análise EspectralRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoids intake of Scenedesmus obliquus, on lipid peroxidation, the endogenous antioxidant defense system as well as the serum lipid profile in vivo. Male mice were divided into control groups and supplemented with different doses of microalgae carotenoids: 0.25 (MC1) and 2.5 (MC2) mg·kg-1 bodyweight. The lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low and high-density lipoprotein) and markers of hepatic toxicity were determined in serum samples. Antioxidant enzymes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were determined in the heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen. Both doses used to treat the animals did not show adverse effects by markers of hepatic toxicity. MC1 did not cause significant changes in the serum lipid profile. In contrast, it created a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation of the spleen (46%) as well as an increase in the GR in the heart (40%) and GPx in the kidneys (79%) activity. The MC2 treatment also increased GR (49%) in the heart and GPx (243%) in the heart and kidneys (58%) activity, however, significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver (160%) as well as serum triglycerides (60%). According to results, it is suggested that the consumption of S. obliquus carotenoids at the MC1 dose was safe to the animals and could be explored as an alternative to improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce lipid peroxidation.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Colesterol/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microalgas/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
Carotenoid esters are present in considerable amounts in most fruits, such as in citrus. Although the bioavailability of carotenoid esters is similar or even higher compared to that of free carotenoids, these molecules are generally detected only in the free form in human plasma, suggesting that hydrolysis of carotenoid esters occurs in vivo. However, the available in vitro digestion methods were not able to achieve satisfactory carotenoid ester hydrolysis so far. As bile salts play an essential role in the hydrolytic action of lipolytic enzymes from pancreatin, we evaluated the effect of increasing the bile extract/food ratio from 0.045 to 0.12 (g g-1) on the hydrolysis of ß-cryptoxanthin esters from mandarin pulp during in vitro digestion. Additionally, considering the positive effect of lipids on carotenoid bioavailability, the impact of soybean oil addition on carotenoid ester hydrolysis was studied. Finally, bioaccessibility and recovery of 33 carotenoids were assessed by LC-DAD-MS. The hydrolysis extent of ß-cryptoxanthin esters enhanced from 29% to 55% by increasing the bile extract/food ratio, but reduced respectively to 28% and 11% by the addition of 1% and 10% oil (p < 0.05). The bioaccessibility of overall carotenoids improved from 19% to 35% by increasing the bile extract/food ratio, along with that of (all-E)-ß-carotene (from 19 to 31%) and total (all-E)-ß-cryptoxanthin (17% to 49%). Soybean oil addition reduced carotenoid micellarization, regardless of the concentration (p < 0.05). Irrespective of the bile extract amount and oil addition, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids was inversely related to its hydrophobicity, with respect to the following ranking: free xanthophylls > carotenes ≥ xanthophyll esters. Altogether, these results indicate that increasing the bile extract amount is a simple and inexpensive option to improve carotenoid ester hydrolysis in in vitro digestion protocols. Additionally, the constant amounts of bile (and possibly enzymes) of static methods, such as INFOGEST, should be further optimized for experiments involving lipid addition in which carotenoid bioaccessibility is evaluated.
Assuntos
Bile/química , Carotenoides/química , Ésteres/química , Digestão , Hidrólise , Xantofilas/químicaRESUMO
Carotenoids constitute a large group of lipophilic pigments whose health-promoting benefits have been widely recognized. Hydroxy-containing carotenoids can be found in both free form or esterified with fatty acids in several plant matrices, but the native carotenoid profile is overall poorly explored due to the difficulty of analyzing carotenoid esters. One of the main natural sources of carotenoids is the marigold flower, which has been extensively used by the industry for the production of food colorants or supplements, both often manufactured with no saponification process. Although lutein esters are well established as the major compounds naturally found in marigold petals and their products, carotenoid esters other than the lutein ones have not been extensively examined. We carried out a comprehensive identification of carotenoids and carotenoid esters from marigold petals by LC-DAD-(APCI+)MS/MS. Whereas 18 carotenoids were identified in the saponified extract, 56 were identified when no saponification procedure was carried out: 6 free carotenoids, 20 monoesters and 30 diesters. This is the first time that esters of zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, auroxanthin, zeinoxanthin and ß-cryptoxanthin are identified in marigold. The structural information obtained through characteristic fragmentation patterns and diagnostic fragments in MS and MS/MS spectra (APCI+) sustained the differentiation between carotenoid esters with similar characteristics. Therefore, the separation of carotenoids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using C30 columns in combination with DAD and APCI-MS/MS detection allowed high sensitivity and selectivity for carotenoid ester analysis.
Assuntos
Calendula/química , Carotenoides/química , Carotenoides/isolamento & purificação , Luteína/química , Luteína/isolamento & purificação , beta-Criptoxantina/isolamento & purificação , Criptoxantinas/isolamento & purificação , Ésteres/análise , Ésteres/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Graxos , Flores/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Xantina/isolamento & purificação , Xantofilas/isolamento & purificação , Zeaxantinas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Large segments of the Brazilian population still suffer from malnutrition and diet-related illnesses. In contrast, many native fruits have biodiversity and are underexploited sources of bioactive compounds and unknown to consumers. The phytochemical composition of nine underexplored Brazilian fruits was determined. Carotenoids and anthocyanins were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS), and phenolic compounds and iridoids were identified by flow injection analysis-electrospray-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS); in total, 84 compounds were identified. In addition, the chemical structure and pathway mass fragmentation of new iridoids from jenipapo ( Genipa americana) and jatoba ( Hymenae coubaril) are proposed. The highest level of carotenoids was registered in pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense; 10156.21 µg/100 g edible fraction), while the major total phenolic content was found in cambuci ( Campomanesia coubaril; 221.70 mg GAE/100 g). Anthocyanins were quantified in jabuticaba ( Plinia cauliflora; 45.5 mg/100 g) and pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora; 81.0 mg/100 g). Our study illustrates the chemical biodiversity of underexplored fruits from Brazil, supporting the identification of new compounds and encouraging the study of more food matrixes not yet investigated.
Assuntos
Frutas/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Antocianinas/análise , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Carotenoides/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Dieta , Iridoides/análise , Iridoides/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Valor Nutritivo , Fenóis/análise , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Pitanga, a fruit of the pitangueira tree (Eugenia uniflora L.), is native to Brazil and has a high antioxidant capacity due to the elevated amount of anthocyanins. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of the purple pitanga fruit and to evaluate its antioxidant effect in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed that the ethanolic extract of purple pitanga did not cause any toxic effects but notably increased worm lifespan. The extract improved the survival, reproduction and lifespan of the worms in pre- and post-exposure to stressors H2O2 and juglone, as well as improved the lifespan of the oxidative stress hypersensitive strain mev-1. Notably, PPE extract decreased reactive oxygen species by DCF-DA probe and protein carbonyl content from worms stressed with H2O2. The extract also affected the expression of superoxide dismutase SOD-3 and heat shock protein HSP-16.2 levels, daf 16 target genes that modulate lifespan and antioxidant metabolism. In addition, we demonstrate that these effects are dependent on DAF-16, as PPE extract did not provide protection in daf-16 mutants. Therefore, these results suggest that PPE significantly protected against oxidative stress modulating daf-16 target genes.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Eugenia/química , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antocianinas/análise , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Naftoquinonas/toxicidade , Fenóis/análise , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Chrysobalanus icaco L. is an underexplored plant found in tropical areas around the globe. Currently, there is no apparent information regarding the effects C. icaco fruits may exert in vivo or potential role in health promotion. This study aimed at providing evidence regarding the in vivo influence of this fruit on antigenotoxicity, antimutagenicity, and oxidative stress in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d C. icaco fruit for 14 d. Doxorubicin (DXR, 15 mg/kg bw, ip) was used for DNA damaging and as an oxidant to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Genomic instability was assessed by the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test, while antioxidant activity was determined by oxidative burst of neutrophils. Chrysobalanus icaco fruit polyphenols were quantified and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The concentrations of 19 chemical elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Significant amounts of polyphenols, magnesium, and selenium were found in C. icaco fruit. This fruit displayed in vivo antioxidant activity against DXR-induced damage in rat peripheral blood neutrophils, antigenotoxicity in peripheral blood cells, and antimutagenicity in bone-marrow cells and peripheral blood cells. Correlation analyses between endpoints examined indicated that the mechanism underlying chemopreventive actions of C. icaco fruit was attributed to inhibition of NADPH oxidase complex manifested as low levels of DNA damage in animals exposed to DXR. Data indicate that phytochemicals and minerals in C. icaco fruit protect DNA against damage in vivo associated with their antioxidant properties.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Chrysobalanaceae/química , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Frutas/química , Masculino , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Carotenoids are naturally found in both free form and esterified with fatty acids in most fruits; however, up to now the great majority of studies only evaluated their composition after saponification. This fact is easily explained by the difficult to analyze carotenoid esters. Preliminary studies showed that cleanup procedures in the extract are necessary for further analysis by LC-MS/MS since triacylglycerols (TAGs) impair the MS detection. Considering these facts, we developed a new cleanup procedure to remove TAGs and other lipids from carotenoid fruit extracts. This procedure is based on physical removal of solid lipids at low temperature followed by open column chromatography on MgO and diatomaceous earth. Before cleanup, four carotenoid diesters and two free xanthophylls were identified in murici (Byrsonyma crassifolia), corresponding to about 65% of the total chromatogram area. After carrying out the two-step cleanup procedure, 35 carotenoids were identified, being 14 monoesters, six free carotenoids and 15 carotenoid diesters. We can conclude that this two-step procedure was successfully applied to murici, an Amazonian fruit, which contains high amounts of lipids.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/análise , Pressão Atmosférica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Ésteres , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Frutas/química , Malpighiaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Triglicerídeos/isolamento & purificação , Xantofilas/análiseRESUMO
Among the large number of scientifically unstudied fruits from the Amazonia biome, Couepia bracteosa acts as an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids, which may be used for protecting human health against oxidative damage. For the first time, the phenolic compounds and carotenoids in extracts obtained from the pulp, shell and seeds of C. bracteosa fruits are reported, as well as their in vitro scavenging capacities against some reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The shell extract presented the highest phenolic compound and carotenoid contents (5540 and 328 µg per g extract, dry basis, respectively), followed by the pulp and seed extracts. The major phenolic compound was acacetin sulphate (one methoxy and two OH groups) (62%) in the shells; however, only seeds presented apigenin sulphate (three OH groups), in which it was the major compound (44%). The high content of apigenin sulphate may explain why the seed extract had the highest scavenging efficiency against all tested ROS/RNS among the studied extracts. Regarding carotenoids, all-trans-neochrome (17%) and all-trans-ß-carotene (16%) were the major carotenoids in the pulp extracts, while all-trans-lutein (44%) was the most prevalent in the shell extracts and all-trans-α-carotene (32%) and all-trans-ß-carotene (29%) were the major ones in the seed extracts.
Assuntos
Chrysobalanaceae/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/química , Sementes/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Different storage conditions can induce changes in the colour and carotenoid profiles and levels in some fruits. The goal of this work was to evaluate the influence of low temperature storage on the colour and carotenoid synthesis in two banana cultivars: Prata and Nanicão. For this purpose, the carotenoids from the banana pulp were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, and the colour of the banana skin was determined by a colorimeter method. Ten carotenoids were identified, of which the major carotenoids were all-trans-lutein, all-trans-α-carotene and all-trans-ß-carotene in both cultivars. The effect of the low temperatures was subjected to linear regression analysis. In cv. Prata, all-trans-α-carotene and all-trans-ß-carotene were significantly affected by low temperature (p<0.01), with negative estimated values (ß coefficients) indicating that during cold storage conditions, the concentrations of these carotenoids tended to decrease. In cv. Nanicão, no carotenoid was significantly affected by cold storage (p>0.05). The accumulation of carotenoids in this group may be because the metabolic pathways using these carotenoids were affected by storage at low temperatures. The colour of the fruits was not negatively affected by the low temperatures (p>0.05).
Assuntos
Carotenoides/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Frutas/química , Musa/química , beta Caroteno/análise , Cor , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , TemperaturaRESUMO
Genipap fruits, native to the Amazon region, were classified in relation to their stage of ripeness according to firmness and peel color. The influence of the part of the genipap fruit and ripeness stage on the iridoid and phenolic compound profiles was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-MS(n), and a total of 17 compounds were identified. Geniposide was the major compound in both parts of the unripe genipap fruits, representing >70% of the total iridoids, whereas 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the major phenolic compound. In ripe fruits, genipin gentiobioside was the major compound in the endocarp (38%) and no phenolic compounds were detected. During ripening, the total iridoid content decreased by >90%, which could explain the absence of blue pigment formation in the ripe fruits after their injury. This is the first time that the phenolic compound composition and iridoid contents of genipap fruits have been reported in the literature.
Assuntos
Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Iridoides/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Rubiaceae/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Frutas/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Rubiaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Fruits from the Atlantic Forest have received increasing interest because they contain high levels of bioactive compounds with notable functional properties. The composition of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from fruits found in the Atlantic Forest (jussara, uvaia, araça, and grumixama) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometry detectors. Uvaia showed the highest levels of carotenoids (1306.6 µg/100 g fresh matter (f.m.)). Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in araça (12.2 mg GAE/100 g f.m.) and uvaia (27.5 mg GAE/100 g f.m.). In grumixama, eight quercetin derivatives were found; the main carotenoids included all-trans-ß-cryptoxanthin (286.7 µg/100 g f.m.) and all-trans-lutein (55.5 µg/100 g f.m.). Uvaia and grumixama contain high amounts of carotenoids, while jussara showed greater levels of phenolic compounds (415 mg GAE/100 g f.m.), particularly anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-rutinoside: 179.60 mg/100 g f.m.; cyanidin 3-glucoside: 47.93 mg/100 g f.m.).
Assuntos
Carotenoides/química , Frutas/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Various species of the genus Passiflora have been extensively used in traditional medicine as sedatives, anxiolytics, diuretics and analgesics. In the present study, after the identification and quantification of phytochemical compounds from yellow passion fruit pulp by liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS), its antihypertensive effect was investigated on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Additionally, the renal function, evaluated by kidney/body weight, serum creatinine, proteinuria, urinary flow, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and mutagenicity in bone marrow cells were assessed to evaluate the safety of passion fruit consumption. Yellow passion fruit pulp (5, 6 or 8 g/kg b.w.) was administered by gavage once a day for 5 consecutive days. HLPC-PDA-MS/MS analysis revealed that yellow passion fruit pulp contains phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and flavonoids. The highest dose of passion fruit pulp significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure, increased the GSH levels and decreased TBARS. There were no changes in renal function parameters or the frequency of micronuclei in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, the antihypertensive effect of yellow passion fruit pulp, at least in part, might be due to the enhancement of the antioxidant status. The exact mechanisms responsible by this effect need further investigation.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Passiflora/química , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Carotenoides/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Creatinina/sangue , Flavonoides/química , Glutationa/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo , Fenóis/química , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Wistar , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
In this study, the ethanolic extract obtained from piquiá pulp was assessed for genotoxicity and oxidative stress by employing the micronucleus test in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells in addition to comet, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione assays in the liver, kidney, and heart. Additionally, phytochemical analyses were performed to identify and quantify the chemical constituents of the piquiá extract. Wistar rats were treated by gavage with an ethanolic extract from piquiá pulp (75 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days, and 24 h prior to euthanasia, they received an injection of saline or doxorubicin (15 mg/kg body weight, intraperoneally). The results demonstrated that piquiá extract at the tested dose was genotoxic but not mutagenic, and it increased the TBARS levels in the heart. Further studies are required to fully elucidate how the properties of ethanolic extract of piquiá pulp can affect human health.
Assuntos
Ericales/efeitos adversos , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/efeitos adversos , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Animais , Bovinos , Ensaio Cometa , Glutationa/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Testes para Micronúcleos , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
The structural polysaccharides contained in plant cell walls have been pointed to as a promising renewable alternative to petroleum and natural gas. Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous component of plant polysaccharides, which is found in either monomeric or dimeric forms and is covalently linked to arabinosyl residues. Ferulic acid has several commercial applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The study herein introduces a novel feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus clavatus (AcFAE). Along with a comprehensive functional and biophysical characterization, the low-resolution structure of this enzyme was also determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. In addition, we described the production of phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity from wheat arabinoxylan and sugarcane bagasse using AcFAE. The ability to specifically cleave ester linkages in hemicellulose is useful in several biotechnological applications, including improved accessibility to lignocellulosic enzymes for biofuel production.
Assuntos
Aspergillus/enzimologia , Biomassa , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNARESUMO
Caryocar villosum (piquiá) is a native fruit from the Amazonian region, considered to be an interesting source of bioactive compounds. In this paper, five extracts of C. villosum pulp were obtained, using solvents with different polarities and their in vitro scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) was determined. Additionally, the phenolic compounds and carotenoids in each extract were identified and quantified by a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometer detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The ethanol/water and water extracts, which presented the highest phenolic contents (5163 and 1745µg/g extract, respectively), with ellagic acid as the major phenolic compound, proved to have the highest ROS and RNS scavenging potential. Nevertheless, in general, ellagic acid was less effective in scavenging ROS (IC(50) from 1.7 to 108µg/ml) and RNS (IC(50) from 0.05 to 0.59µg/ml), when compared to gallic acid (IC(50) from 0.4 to 226µg/ml for ROS and IC(50) from 0.04 to 0.12µg/ml for RNS). The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrated that the in vitro antioxidant efficiency of C. villosum extracts was closely related to their contents of phenolic compounds.
Assuntos
Ericales/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio/química , Espécies Reativas de OxigênioRESUMO
In this study, the carotenoid profile of the echinoderm Marthasterias glacialis L. was established using HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS equipped with a C(30) column. This approach rendered the identification of 20 compounds, eight of them reported for the first time in this marine organism. Differentiation of carotenoid isomers was also achieved.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/análise , Equinodermos/química , Animais , Carotenoides/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
This study investigated the in vivo genotoxicity of piquiá pulp (Caryocar villosum) and its potential antigenotoxicity on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage by comet assay and micronucleus test. In addition, the phytochemicals present in piquiá pulp were determined. Piquiá fruit pulp (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg b.w.) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats for 14 days, and the animals received an injection of saline or DXR (15 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) 24 h before they were euthanized. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carotenoids; phenolic compounds, including flavonoids; tannins and α-tocopherol in piquiá pulp. No statistically significant differences were observed in the evaluated parameters, demonstrating the absence of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of piquiá pulp at all tested doses. In liver, kidney, cardiac and bone marrow cells, piquiá significantly reduced the DNA damage induced by DXR. Our results showed that the lowest piquiá dose caused the largest decrease in DNA damage and the highest dose caused the smallest decrease, demonstrating an inverse dose-response of piquiá pulp. Furthermore, we observed a difference in the potential antigenotoxic effects in several tissues. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that piquiá pulp was not genotoxic and inhibited the genotoxicity induced by DXR, but some of the protective effects that were observed depended on the doses and experimental conditions. Therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify how piquiá pulp positively affects human health.
Assuntos
Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Ericales/química , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Ensaio Cometa/métodos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/citologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Testes para Micronúcleos/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Taninos/análise , Taninos/farmacologia , alfa-Tocoferol/análise , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologiaRESUMO
The Amazonian region from Brazil has a wide variety of native and wild noncommercially cultivated fruits. This article reports for the first time the composition of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from Caryocar villosum fruit pulp, and, in addition, its proximate composition and antioxidant capacity (ORAC assay) were determined. According to the nutritional composition, water (52%) and lipids (25%) were the major components found in the pulp, and the total energetic value was 291 kcal/100 g. The major phenolic compounds identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS were gallic acid (182.4 µg/g pulp), followed by ellagic acid rhamnoside (107 µg/g pulp) and ellagic acid (104 µg/g pulp). The main carotenoids identified by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS were all-trans-antheraxanthin (3.4 µg/g pulp), all-trans-zeaxanthin (2.9 µg/g pulp), and a lutein-like carotenoid (2.8 µg/g pulp). The antioxidant capacity of the pulp (3.7 mMol Trolox/100 g pulp) indicates that it can be considered a good peroxyl radical scavenger.