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Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of physioprophylaxis (PP) on blood lactate (BL) concentrations after maximal incremental stress test, considering that this is the application of techniques in sports physiotherapy to reduce signs of muscle fatigue that can trigger injuries due to overload. Materials and Methods: Quantitative study, experimental type, longitudinal section in 12 university players. The group is divided into one control group (CG) with recovery at rest without PP and another experimental group (EG) to which PP is applied at the end of the test. Blood lactate is recorded with Accutrend Plus at the beginning of the test, (1) five minutes after finishing the test (2) and after the PP (3) at two different moments for intra-subject analysis. Results: The following data were obtained regarding blood lactate clearance, Moment 1: Without Plan (WoP) 4.86±1.4 and With Plan (WP) 8.85±1.25 (p<0.05), moment 2: (WoP) 5.6±1.76 and (WP) 7.8±1.3 (p<0.05) in mmol/L, and intra-subject: (WoP): 5.25±1.58; (WP): 8.35±1.33 (p<0.05). Conclusions: The clearance of lactate in the blood at 30 minutes post stress test in the EG is bigger than the CG, because they recovered with the physioprophylactic plan.
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la fisioprofilaxis (PP) sobre las concentraciones de lactato en sangre (BL) tras la prueba de esfuerzo incremental máximo, considerando que se trata de la aplicación de técnicas en fisioterapia deportiva para reducir los signos de fatiga muscular que pueden desencadenar lesiones por sobrecarga. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, tipo experimental, sección longitudinal en 12 jugadores universitarios. El grupo se divide en un grupo control (GC) con recuperación en reposo sin PP y otro grupo experimental (GE) al que se aplica PP al final de la prueba. El lactato sanguíneo se registra con Accutrend Plus al inicio de la prueba, (1) cinco minutos después de finalizar la prueba (2) y después de la PP (3) en dos momentos diferentes para el análisis intra-sujeto. Resultados: Se obtuvieron los siguientes datos con respecto al aclaramiento de lactato en sangre, Momento 1: Sin Plan (WoP) 4.86 ± 1.4 y Con Plan (WP) 8.85 ± 1.25 (p <0.05), Momento 2: (WoP) 5.6 ± 1.76 y (WP) ) 7,8 ± 1,3 (p <0,05) en mmol / L, e intra-sujeto: (WoP): 5,25 ± 1,58; (WP): 8,35 ± 1,33 (p <0,05). Conclusiones: El aclaramiento de lactato en sangre a los 30 minutos post prueba de esfuerzo en el GE es mayor que en el GC, debido a que se recuperaron con el plan fisioprofiláctico.
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ABSTRACT Objetive To determine the validity and reliability of the CUCACE (Quality of Nursing Care Questionnaire) in Colombia. Every day there is a growing interest in measuring the quality of care received from nursing personnel as a tangible element of care; however, not having reliable and valid instruments is an obstacle, especially in Colombia. Method A psychometric and evaluative instrumental study was conducted. Data of interest from CUCACE filled out in Spanish were extracted together with demographic information of the participants. Results Confirmed the validity of the content and construct validity of the scales of care, attention to nursing care and the perception of care in a Colombian hospital. Cronbach's alpha was higher than 0.7, and its reliability is accepted in the context. Conclusion The CUCACE is adequate to measure the satisfaction and experience of patients with nursing care in the Colombian context. The questionnaire with its two scales is useful, clear, precise, valid and reliable to evaluate the quality of nursing care.
ABSTRACT Objetivo Determinar la validez y confiabilidad del CUCACE (Cuestionario de Calidad de la Atención de Enfermería) en Colombia. Cada día hay un interés creciente en medir la calidad de la atención recibida por parte del personal de enfermería como elemento tangible de la atención; sin embargo, un obstáculo para medir la satisfacción del paciente es la no tenencia de instrumentos confiables y válidos, especialmente en Colombia. Método Se realizó un estudio instrumental psicométrico y evaluativo. Se extrajeron datos de interés del CUCACE cumplimentados en español, junto con la información demográfica de los participantes. Resultados Se confirmó la validez del contenido y construcción de las escalas de atención, atención al cuidado de enfermería y percepción del cuidado en un hospital colombiano. El alfa de Cronbach fue superior a 0,7; por lo tanto su fiabilidad se acepta en el contexto. Conclusión El CUCACE es adecuado para medir la satisfacción y experiencia de los pacientes con los cuidados de enfermería en el contexto colombiano. El cuestionario con sus dos escalas es útil, claro, preciso, válido y confiable para evaluar la calidad de la atención de enfermería.
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RESUMEN Objetivo Desarrollar un modelo SIR pronóstico de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el territorio colombiano. Métodos Se utilizó un modelo SIR con enfoque determinístico para pronosticar el desarrollo de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Colombia. Los estados considerados fueron susceptibles (S), infecciosos (i) y recuperados o fallecidos (R). Los datos poblacionales se obtuvieron del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de estadística (Proyecciones de Población 2018-2020, difundida en enero de 2020) y los datos sobre casos diarios confirmados de COVID-19 del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se plantearon diferentes modelos variando el número básico de reproducción (R0). Resultados A partir de los casos reportados por el Ministerio de Salud se crearon cuatro ambientes o escenarios simulados en un modelo SIR epidemiológico, se extendieron las series de tiempo hasta el 30 de mayo, fecha probable del 99% de infección poblacional. Un R0 de 2 es la aproximación más cercana al comportamiento de la pandemia durante los primeros 15 días desde el reporte del caso 0, el peor escenario se daría en la primera semana de abril con un R0 igual a 3. Conclusiones Se hacen necesarias nuevas medidas de mitigación y supresión en las fases de contención y transmisión sostenida, como aumento de la capacidad diagnostica por pruebas y desinfección de zonas pobladas y hogares de aislamiento.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To develop a prognostic SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. Materials and Methods A SIR model with a deterministic approach was used to forecast the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. The states considered were susceptible (S), infectious (i) and recovered or deceased (R). Population data were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) - Population Projections 2018-2020, released in January 2020-, and data on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the National Institute of Health. Different models were proposed varying the basic reproduction number (R0). Results Based on the cases reported by the Ministry of Health, 4 simulated environments were created in an epidemiological SIR model. The time series was extended until May 30, the probable date when 99% of the population will be infected. R0=2 is the basic reproduction number and the closest approximation to the behavior of the pandemic during the first 15 days since the first case report; the worst scenario would occur in the first week of April with R0=3. Conclusions Further mitigation and suppression measures are necessary in the containment and sustained transmission phases, such as increased diagnostic capacity through testing and disinfection of populated areas and homes in isolation.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Número Básico de Reprodução/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo Desarrollar un modelo SIR pronóstico de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el territorio colombiano. Métodos Se utilizó un modelo SIR con enfoque determinístico para pronosticar el desarrollo de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Colombia. Los estados considerados fueron susceptibles (S), infecciosos (i) y recuperados o fallecidos (R). Los datos poblacionales se obtuvieron del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de estadística (Proyecciones de Población 2018-2020, difundida en enero de 2020) y los datos sobre casos diarios confirmados de COVID-19 del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se plantearon diferentes modelos variando el número básico de reproducción (R0). Resultados A partir de los casos reportados por el Ministerio de Salud se crearon cuatro ambientes o escenarios simulados en un modelo SIR epidemiológico, se extendieron las series de tiempo hasta el 30 de mayo, fecha probable del 99% de infección poblacional. Un R0 de 2 es la aproximación más cercana al comportamiento de la pandemia durante los primeros 15 días desde el reporte del caso 0, el peor escenario se daría en la primera semana de abril con un R0 igual a 3. Conclusiones Se hacen necesarias nuevas medidas de mitigación y supresión en las fases de contención y transmisión sostenida, como aumento de la capacidad diagnostica por pruebas y desinfección de zonas pobladas y hogares de aislamiento.
ABSTRACT Objective To develop a prognostic SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. Materials and Methods A SIR model with a deterministic approach was used to forecast the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. The states considered were susceptible (S), infectious (i) and recovered or deceased (R). Population data were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) - Population Projections 2018-2020, released in January 2020-, and data on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the National Institute of Health. Different models were proposed varying the basic reproduction number (R0). Results Based on the cases reported by the Ministry of Health, 4 simulated environments were created in an epidemiological SIR model. The time series was extended until May 30, the probable date when 99% of the population will be infected. R0=2 is the basic reproduction number and the closest approximation to the behavior of the pandemic during the first 15 days since the first case report; the worst scenario would occur in the first week of April with R0=3. Conclusions Further mitigation and suppression measures are necessary in the containment and sustained transmission phases, such as increased diagnostic capacity through testing and disinfection of populated areas and homes in isolation.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Desenvolver um modelo SIR prognóstico da pandemia de COVID-19 no território colombiano. MÉTODOS Um modelo SIR com abordagem determinística foi usado para prever o desenvolvimento da pandemia de COVID-19 na Colômbia. Os estados considerados foram suscetíveis (S), infecciosos (i) e recuperados ou falecidos (R). Os dados populacionais foram obtidos do Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística (Projeções de População 2018-2020, divulgado em janeiro de 2020) e dados sobre casos confirmados diariamente de COVID-19 do Instituto Nacional de Saúde. Diferentes modelos foram propostos variando o número básico de reprodução (R 0 ). RESULTADOS Dos casos relatados pelo Ministério da Saúde, quatro ambientes ou cenários simulados foram criados em um modelo epidemiológico de RIS, as séries temporais foram estendidas até 30 de maio, data provável de 99% de infecção populacional. Um R 0 de 2 é a aproximação mais próxima do comportamento da pandemia durante os primeiros 15 dias a partir do relato do caso 0, o pior cenário ocorreria na primeira semana de abril com um R 0 igual a 3. CONCLUSÕES Novas medidas de mitigação e supressão são necessárias nas fases de contenção e transmissão sustentada, como aumento da capacidade de diagnóstico por testes e desinfecção de áreas povoadas e residências isoladas.
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Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , /métodos , Número Básico de Reprodução , Pandemias , Colômbia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop a prognostic SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A SIR model with a deterministic approach was used to forecast the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. The states considered were susceptible (S), infectious (i) and recovered or deceased (R). Population data were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) - Population Projections 2018-2020, released in January 2020-, and data on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the National Institute of Health. Different models were proposed varying the basic reproduction number (R0). RESULTS: Based on the cases reported by the Ministry of Health, 4 simulated environments were created in an epidemiological SIR model. The time series was extended until May 30, the probable date when 99% of the population will be infected. R0=2 is the basic reproduction number and the closest approximation to the behavior of the pandemic during the first 15 days since the first case report; the worst scenario would occur in the first week of April with R0=3. CONCLUSIONS: Further mitigation and suppression measures are necessary in the containment and sustained transmission phases, such as increased diagnostic capacity through testing and disinfection of populated areas and homes in isolation.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Modelos Epidemiológicos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Modelos EstatísticosRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: determinar la validez y confiabilidad del Font Roja para medir la satisfacción laboral en profesionales de la salud en Colombia, diseñado por Aranaz y Mira en el año de 1988. Metodología: estudio instrumental psicométrico que determinó la validez facial de contenido y de constructo con métodos estadísticos y confiabilidad del cuestionario. La muestra n=120 para la validez de constructo fue recolectada en diversas ciudades de Colombia por profesionales de enfermería en ejercicio vinculados a instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud. Resultados: el Font Roja reporta validez superior a 0,71 en contenido y facial, se extrajeron 8 factores que explican el 67,5% de la varianza mediante análisis factorial. El instrumento es fiable con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,80. Es necesario mantener la escala íntegramente sin suprimir ítems. Conclusión: la versión en español del Font Roja como instrumento de medición de la satisfacción laboral resulta válido y fiable en el contexto colombiano.
Abstract Objective: to determine the validity and reliability of Font-Roja job satisfaction questionnaire designed by Aranaz and Mira, 1988, to measure job satisfaction in health professionals in Colombia. Methodology: psychometric instrumental study that determined the facial validity of content and construct with statistical methods and reliability of the questionnaire. The sample (n = 120) for construct validity was collected by intern nurses linked with institutions providing health services in various cities of Colombia. Results: Font-Roja job satisfaction questionnaire reported validity higher than 0.71 in content and facial; 8 factors were extracted that explain 67.5% of the variance by factor analysis. The instrument is reliable with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.80. It is necessary to maintain the scale in its entirety without deleting items. Conclusion: the Spanish version of Font-Roja job satisfaction questionnaire as an instrument to measure job satisfaction is valid and reliable in the Colombian context.
Resumo Objetivo: determinar a validade e confiabilidade do Font Roja para medir a satisfação laboral em professionais da saúde na Colômbia, desenhado por Aranaz e Mira no ano de 1988. Metodologia: estudo instrumental psicométrico que determinou a validade facial de conteúdo e de constructo com métodos estatísticos e confiabilidade do questionário. A amostra n=120 para a validade de constructo foi coletada em diversas cidades da Colômbia por profissionais de enfermagem em exercício vinculados a instituições prestadoras de serviços de saúde. Resultados: O Font Roja reporta validade superior a 0,71 em conteúdo e facial, extraíram-se 8 fatores que explicam o 67,5% da variância mediante análise fatorial. O instrumento é fiável com um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,80. É preciso manter a escala integralmente sem suprimir itens. Conclusão: a versão em espanhol do Font Roja como instrumento de medição da satisfação laboral resolvida válido e fiável no contexto colombiano.
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Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Colômbia , Ciências da SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMEN La pandemia de gripa que en 1918-1919 asoló el planeta, es sin duda el evento de enfermedad masivo de mayor virulencia y letalidad que la especie humana ha sorteado a lo largo de la historia. Este ensayo se centró en evaluar, a partir de lo publicado en la literatura médica de dos de las más importantes revistas de la época, (BMJ) The British Medical Journal y (JAMA)The Journal of the American Medical Association, la interpretación que desde la medicina se hizo de este fenómeno y de la respuesta que en términos de tecnología diagnóstica y terapéutica se dio por parte de los médicos. Se encontró que el arsenal de conocimientos, diagnóstico y terapéutica de la época ofrecía muy pocas herramientas para abordar el manejo clínico y frenar los contagios y mortalidad. No obstante, las dificultades que debieron sortear los clínicos y autoridades sanitarias de la época se constituyeron en un sólido aliciente para que en poco tiempo se avanzara significativamente en la comprensión y manejo de las enfermedades infecciosas, particularmente de etiología viral.
ABSTRACT The influenza pandemic that ravaged the planet in 1918-1919 is, undoubtedly, the most virulent and lethal infectious disease that the human species has ever overcome. This essay was to evaluate the medical interpretation of this phenomenon and the response given by doctors in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic technology based on the data published in the medical literature of two of the most important journals of the time, BMJ (The British Medical Journal) and JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association). It was found that the arsenal of knowledge, diagnosis and therapeutics of the time offered very few tools to address clinical management and curb contagion and mortality. However, the difficulties that clinicians and health authorities had to overcome were a solid incentive to make significant progress in the understanding and management of infectious diseases, particularly of viral etiology, in a short period of time.
A pandemia de gripe que devastou o planeta em 1918-1919 é, sem dúvida, o evento de doença maciça mais virulento e letal que a espécie humana passou ao longo da história. Este ensaio teve como objetivo avaliar, a partir do que foi publicado na literatura médica de duas das mais importantes revistas da época, (BMJ) The British Medical Journal e (JAMA) The Journal of American Medical Association,a interpretação que a medicina fez desse fenômeno e a resposta que os médicos deram em termos de tecnologia diagnóstica e terapêutica. Verificou-se que o arsenal de conhecimento, diagnóstico e terapia da época oferecia pouquíssimas ferramentas para abordar o manejo clínico e impedir infecções e mortalidade. No entanto, as dificuldades que os médicos e as autoridades de saúde da época tiveram que superar foram um sólido incentivo para que, em pouco tempo, fossem feitos progressos significativos no entendimento e tratamento de doenças infecciosas, particularmente de etiologia viral.(AU)
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Pandemias/história , Influenza Aviária/história , História do Século XX , Comunicação em Saúde/históriaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el costo de la atención de la hipertensión arterial, su impacto en el estadio de la enfermedad en un grupo de pacientes de una IPS en Tunja Boyacá Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Estudio transversal de costo-efectividad. Se estudiaron 172 historias clínicas de pacientes con HTA de Tunja Colombia. Resultados El costo de atención promedio en primer nivel fue de $184 631 pesos mes/ paciente, el 61% es gasto en talento humano, 20% en laboratorios y 10% en medicamentos. El cumplimiento frente a lo programado fue de 72.1%. Conclusiones El talento humano consume más del 50% de los recursos en el manejo de la HTA pero repercute en su control y manejo positivamente. Las cifras tensionales demuestran un manejo controlado de los pacientes del programa, el 61% de los mismos tenían cifras normales y 53% demuestran una clasificación en los estadios normales. La hipertensión arterial consume gran cantidad de recursos, por lo que deberá ser objeto de estudio por equipos multidisciplinarios de salud, en la búsqueda de alternativas de manejo más eficientes.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the cost of care related to high blood pressure management and its impact on the stage of the disease in a group of patients from Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. Materials and Methods Cost-effectiveness, cross-sectional study. 172 clinical histories of patients with high blood pressure from Tunja, Colombia, were included. Results The average cost of care in the primary care service was $184 631 pesos per month/patient; 61% of this amount is spent on human resources, 20% on laboratory tests and 10% on medication. Compliance with the program was 72.1%. Conclusions The expenditure on human talent is more than 50% of the resources allocated for the management of high blood pressure, but this has positive repercussions on the control and management of this condition. High blood pressure figures show controlled management of the patients included in the program: 61% of them had normal figures and 53% were classified in the normal stages. High blood pressure requires a large amount of resources, so it should be studied by multidisciplinary health teams in order to find more efficient management alternatives..(AU)
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Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Gestão em Saúde , Hipertensão/terapia , Estudos Transversais/instrumentação , Colômbia , Custos e Análise de Custo/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost of care related to high blood pressure management and its impact on the stage of the disease in a group of patients from Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cost-effectiveness, cross-sectional study. 172 clinical histories of patients with high blood pressure from Tunja, Colombia, were included. RESULTS: The average cost of care in the primary care service was $184 631 pesos per month/patient; 61% of this amount is spent on human resources, 20% on laboratory tests and 10% on medication. Compliance with the program was 72.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The expenditure on human talent is more than 50% of the resources allocated for the management of high blood pressure, but this has positive repercussions on the control and management of this condition. High blood pressure figures show controlled management of the patients included in the program: 61% of them had normal figures and 53% were classified in the normal stages. High blood pressure requires a large amount of resources, so it should be studied by multidisciplinary health teams in order to find more efficient management alternatives.
OBJETIVO: Determinar el costo de la atención de la hipertensión arterial, su impacto en el estadio de la enfermedad en un grupo de pacientes de una IPS en Tunja Boyacá Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de costo-efectividad. Se estudiaron 172 historias clínicas de pacientes con HTA de Tunja Colombia. RESULTADOS: El costo de atención promedio en primer nivel fue de $184 631 pesos mes/ paciente, el 61% es gasto en talento humano, 20% en laboratorios y 10% en medicamentos. El cumplimiento frente a lo programado fue de 72.1%. CONCLUSIONES: El talento humano consume más del 50% de los recursos en el manejo de la HTA pero repercute en su control y manejo positivamente. Las cifras tensionales demuestran un manejo controlado de los pacientes del programa, el 61% de los mismos tenían cifras normales y 53% demuestran una clasificación en los estadios normales. La hipertensión arterial consume gran cantidad de recursos, por lo que deberá ser objeto de estudio por equipos multidisciplinarios de salud, en la búsqueda de alternativas de manejo más eficientes.
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Análise Custo-Benefício , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Hipertensão/economia , Hipertensão/terapia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The influenza pandemic that ravaged the planet in 1918-1919 is, undoubtedly, the most virulent and lethal infectious disease that the human species has ever overcome. This essay was to evaluate the medical interpretation of this phenomenon and the response given by doctors in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic technology based on the data published in the medical literature of two of the most important journals of the time, BMJ (The British Medical Journal) and JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association). It was found that the arsenal of knowledge, diagnosis and therapeutics of the time offered very few tools to address clinical management and curb contagion and mortality. However, the difficulties that clinicians and health authorities had to overcome were a solid incentive to make significant progress in the understanding and management of infectious diseases, particularly of viral etiology, in a short period of time.
La pandemia de gripa que en 1918-1919 asoló el planeta, es sin duda el evento de enfermedad masivo de mayor virulencia y letalidad que la especie humana ha sorteado a lo largo de la historia. Este ensayo se centró en evaluar, a partir de lo publicado en la literatura médica de dos de las más importantes revistas de la época, (BMJ) The British Medical Journal y (JAMA)The Journal of the American Medical Association, la interpretación que desde la medicina se hizo de este fenómeno y de la respuesta que en términos de tecnología diagnóstica y terapéutica se dio por parte de los médicos. Se encontró que el arsenal de conocimientos, diagnóstico y terapéutica de la época ofrecía muy pocas herramientas para abordar el manejo clínico y frenar los contagios y mortalidad. No obstante, las dificultades que debieron sortear los clínicos y autoridades sanitarias de la época se constituyeron en un sólido aliciente para que en poco tiempo se avanzara significativamente en la comprensión y manejo de las enfermedades infecciosas, particularmente de etiología viral.
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Influenza Humana/história , Pandemias/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/história , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Quarentena , Quinina/uso terapêutico , Isolamento Social , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objective To assess the effect of a program of vigorous physical exercises on the serum concentration of free and total L-carnitine, in male inmates at a prison in Boyacá, Colombia. Methods Pre-post intervention population-based study. 44 male prisoners with overweight and/or obesity, from a jail in Boyacá, Colombia were randomly assigned into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. The intervention consisted in participating in a vigorous exercise program over twelve weeks. Anthropometric measures and levels of free and total L-carnitine were every four weeks. Results There were significant increases in serum levels of free and total L-carnitine in the intervention group compared to the control group. Concurrently, in this group there was a reduction in body mass index (BMI), while in the control group there were no changes. Conclusion In overweight and/or obese patients, the routine practice of vigorous exercise plus caloric restriction offers significant benefits in reducing body fat volumes through the mechanisms of energetic consumption of long chain fatty acids.(AU)
Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico intenso sobre las concentraciones séricas de L-Carnitina libre y total, en varones recluidos en una prisión de Boyacá, Colombia. Métodos Estudio de intervención antes - después, de base poblacional. 44 internos con sobrepeso y/o obesidad, de una prisión en Boyacá, Colombia, fueron aleatoriamente asignados a dos grupos: Uno de intervención y uno de control. La intervención consistió en un programa de práctica sistemática de ejercicio intenso, durante doce semanas continuas. Cada cuatro semanas se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se determinaron los niveles séricos de L-Carnitina libre y total. Resultados Hubo un incremento significativo en los niveles séricos de L-Carnitina libre y Total en el grupo de intervención, comparado con lo registrado en el grupo control; simultáneamente, en el grupo de intervención se registró disminución en el índice de masa corporal (IMC), mientras que en el grupo control no se registraron cambios. Conclusión En presencia de sobrepeso y/o obesidad, la práctica rutinaria de ejercicios físicos intensos además de la restricción calórica, ofrece significativos beneficios en la reducción del volumen de grasa corporal por el mecanismo de consumo energético de los ácidos grasos de cadena larga.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Carnitina/administração & dosagem , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Prisioneiros , Exercício Físico , ColômbiaRESUMO
Objective To assess the effect of a program of vigorous physical exercises on the serum concentration of free and total L-carnitine, in male inmates at a prison in Boyacá, Colombia. Methods Pre-post intervention population-based study. 44 male prisoners with overweight and/or obesity, from a jail in Boyacá, Colombia were randomly assigned into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. The intervention consisted in participating in a vigorous exercise program over twelve weeks. Anthropometric measures and levels of free and total L-carnitine were every four weeks. Results There were significant increases in serum levels of free and total L-carnitine in the intervention group compared to the control group. Concurrently, in this group there was a reduction in body mass index (BMI), while in the control group there were no changes. Conclusion In overweight and/or obese patients, the routine practice of vigorous exercise plus caloric restriction offers significant benefits in reducing body fat volumes through the mechanisms of energetic consumption of long chain fatty acids.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar prospectivamente y mediante comparación, durante la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos, el comportamiento de la saturación arterial de oxígeno (SPO2) y otras variables vitales, en dos grupos, uno de mineros del carbón (expuestos) y otro de trabajadores universitarios (controles). Materiales y métodos:Estudio prospectivo de cohortes. Se realizó la prueba (PM6M) en 72 trabajadores mineros y 46 trabajadores universitarios. Se midió minuto a minuto SPO2, frecuencia cardiaca y distancia recorrida. Resultados: Se encontró una significativa desaturación de oxígeno, ante un ejercicio moderado, en los trabajadores mineros, equivalente a una manifestación precoz de alteración funcional del intercambio alveolo-capilar. Conclusiones: La exposición respiratoria sostenida a polvo de carbón y sílice podría ocasionar alteración funcional del intercambio gaseoso alveolo capilar. La pulsioximetría en la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos se perfila como una herramienta útil y costo-efectiva en salud ocupacional para el seguimiento y control de la salud de los mineros del carbón.
Objective: To evaluate prospectively and through comparison the behavior of the arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2) and other vital variables in two groups, one of coal miners (exposed) and another formed by university workers (controls) during the test run of 6 minutes. Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study. The test (6MWT) was performed in 72 miners and 46 university workers. SpO2, heart rate and walked distance were estimated every minute. Results: A significant oxygen desaturation was found in the mineworkers when practicing a moderate exercise, which is equivalent to an early manifestation of functional impairment of the alveolar-capillary exchange. Conclusions: The sustained respiratory exposure to coal dust and silica may cause functional impairment of alveolar capillary gas exchange. The pulse oximetry in the 6 minutes walking test is emerging as a useful and cost-effective occupational health tool to monitor and health surveillance of coal miners.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pneumoconiose , Testes de Função Respiratória , Monitorização Transcutânea dos Gases Sanguíneos , Doenças ProfissionaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Comparing and analysing crude death (CDR), child mortality (CMR) 5-year per thousand live births (LBR) and infant mortality rates (IMR) in the Boyacá department, Colombia, during the early 20th and 21st centuries. METHODS: A descriptive epidemiological comparative historical approach was adopted. Two data sources were used for deaths: parish registers 1912-1927 and the Boyacá Epidemiological Bulletin 2007 population census for 1912-1918-1927 and 2005 (Colombian Statistics Bureau - DANE); data was stored and analysed in Mysql. Crude rates, age-specific and child mortality ratios and mortality were calculated by cause. RESULTS: 7,958 deaths were recorded from 1912-1927 compared to 5,813 in the 21st century. CDR dropped from 150 to 42 deaths per 10,000 inhabitants; the IMR became significantly reduced from 231 to 17 for every 1,000 LB. Although specific rates for children under 8 years of age could be compared to children under 5, there was variability in the range and construction of the specific MR and that defined by WHO-UNICEF. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher reduction in mortality in the 21st century due to national and international policies for controlling preventable diseases and maternal death. The 1918-19 flu pandemic significantly affected mortality in all population groups; violent causes were prominent in infant mortality in the 21st century.
Assuntos
Mortalidade da Criança/tendências , Acidentes/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Criança , Mortalidade da Criança/história , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/mortalidade , Política de Saúde , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil/história , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Recém-Nascido , Influenza Humana/história , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Masculino , Pandemias/história , Cuidado Pré-Natal/tendências , Doenças Respiratórias/mortalidade , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/história , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , ViolênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Assessing lifetime prevalence of illegal substance use and accessibility to such substances. Determining risk factors and the protective factors linked to them. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using descriptive and bivariate analysis. A survey was applied to 1,515 students from 8th to 11th grades in the city's schools, ages ranging from 12 to 18. RESULTS: An increase in lifetime prevalence and lower age for consumption onset were found. The main risk factors were determined to be academic environment and attitudes towards school authorities, linked to recreational and sports groups without control by elders, gang membership and engaging in risky and dangerous activities. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the need for a critical review of current promotion and prevention strategies aimed at controlling the use of psychoactive substances amongst children and adolescents, according to the current reality of trafficking and domestic consumption in Colombia.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/epidemiologia , Abuso de Maconha/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Idade de Início , Atitude , Criança , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/psicologia , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Perigoso , Uso de Medicamentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Abuso de Maconha/psicologia , Grupo Associado , Prevalência , Recreação , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Instituições Acadêmicas/classificação , Estudantes/psicologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Objetivo Comparar y analizar las Tasas Brutas de Mortalidad (TBM), la Mortalidad en Menores (MN) de 5 años por mil Nacidos Vivos (NV) y la Mortalidad Infantil (MI) en el departamento de Boyacá-Colombia, a comienzos de los siglos XX y XXI. Métodos Estudio descriptivo comparativo con enfoque histórico epidemiológico. Se utilizaron dos fuentes de datos, para las defunciones: registros parroquiales de 1912-1927 y el Boletín epidemiológico de Boyacá 2007; para la población los censos DANE 1912-1918-1927 y 2005. Se almacenaron y analizaron en Mysql®. Se calcularon tasas brutas, específicas por edad e infantil, proporciones de mortalidad y mortalidad por causas. Resultados Entre 1912-1927 se registra una media de 7 958 muertes, en comparación con 5 813 en el siglo XXI; la TBM pasó de 150 muertes a 42 por 10 mil habitantes; la TMI se redujo considerablemente pasando de 231 a 17 por cada 1 000 NV; aunque se pueden comparar las tasas especificas en menores de 8 años con las de menores de 5, existe variabilidad en el rango y en la construcción de la TM especifica y la definida por OMS- UNICEF. Conclusiones Existe un impacto en la reducción de mortalidad, mayor en el siglo XXI, debido a las políticas nacionales e internacionales de control de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles y muerte materna. La pandemia de gripa de 1918-19 afectó considerablemente la mortalidad en todos los grupos de población; las causas violentas ocupan lugares importantes en la mortalidad infantil en el siglo XXI.
Objective Comparing and analysing crude death (CDR), child mortality (CMR) 5-year per thousand live births (LBR) and infant mortality rates (IMR) in the Boyacá department, Colombia, during the early 20th and 21st centuries. Methods A descriptive epidemiological comparative historical approach was adopted. Two data sources were used for deaths: parish registers 1912-1927 and the Boyacá Epidemiological Bulletin 2007 population census for 1912-1918-1927 and 2005 (Colombian Statistics Bureau - DANE); data was stored and analysed in Mysql. Crude rates, age-specific and child mortality ratios and mortality were calculated by cause. Results 7,958 deaths were recorded from 1912-1927 compared to 5,813 in the 21st century. CDR dropped from 150 to 42 deaths per 10,000 inhabitants; the IMR became significantly reduced from 231 to 17 for every 1,000 LB. Although specific rates for children under 8 years of age could be compared to children under 5, there was variability in the range and construction of the specific MR and that defined by WHO-UNICEF. Conclusions There was a higher reduction in mortality in the 21st century due to national and international policies for controlling preventable diseases and maternal death. The 1918-19 flu pandemic significantly affected mortality in all population groups; violent causes were prominent in infant mortality in the 21st century.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mortalidade da Criança/tendências , Acidentes/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Mortalidade da Criança/história , Colômbia , Gastroenteropatias/mortalidade , Política de Saúde , Mortalidade Infantil/história , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Influenza Humana/história , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Pandemias/história , Cuidado Pré-Natal/tendências , Doenças Respiratórias/mortalidade , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/história , Vacinação , ViolênciaRESUMO
Objectives Assessing lifetime prevalence of illegal substance use and accessibility to such substances. Determining risk factors and the protective factors linked to them. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using descriptive and bivariate analysis. A survey was applied to 1,515 students from 8th to 11th grades in the city's schools, ages ranging from 12 to 18. Results An increase in lifetime prevalence and lower age for consumption onset were found. The main risk factors were determined to be academic environment and attitudes towards school authorities, linked to recreational and sports groups without control by elders, gang membership and engaging in risky and dangerous activities. Conclusions The results showed the need for a critical review of current promotion and prevention strategies aimed at controlling the use of psychoactive substances amongst children and adolescents, according to the current reality of trafficking and domestic consumption in Colombia.
Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia de vida del consumo de sustancias ilegales y la accesibilidad a sustancias ilegales. Determinar factores de riesgo y factores protectores relacionados con el consumo. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal mediante el análisis descriptivo y bivariado. Se aplicó una encuesta a 1 515 estudiantes de los grados 8 al 11 en las escuelas de la ciudad, entre las edades de 12 a 18. Resultados Se encontró un aumento de la prevalencia de vida y una disminución en la edad de inicio al consumo. Los principales factores de riesgo encontrados fueron: ambiente académico y las actitudes hacia las autoridades escolares, la vinculación a los grupos de deportes recreativos, no respeto a los mayores, pertenecer a pandillas y participar en actividades riesgosas y peligrosas. Conclusiones Los resultados mostraron la necesidad de una revisión crítica de la promoción actual y las estrategias de prevención destinadas a controlar el uso de sustancias psicoactivas entre los niños y adolescentes, de acuerdo a la nueva realidad de la tráfico y consumo interno en Colombia.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/epidemiologia , Abuso de Maconha/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Idade de Início , Atitude , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/psicologia , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Perigoso , Uso de Medicamentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Abuso de Maconha/psicologia , Grupo Associado , Prevalência , Recreação , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Instituições Acadêmicas/classificação , Estudantes/psicologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Characterising tobacco and alcohol consumption, the linked psychosocial risk factors and protection factors in a sample of secondary / technical students in Tunja during 2009. METHODS: A prevalence study was carried out, assessing consumption prevalence and determinants in a sample of 1,515 schoolchildren aged 13 to 18 who were studying in grades 8 to 11. RESULTS: Mean age was 15.2 years (SD=1.42), 50.2% were female; life prevalence: 73.5 % alcohol and 50.6 % cigarette consumption, 51.7 % drunkenness. Main consumption determinants were having a dysfunctional family, peer pressure and influence from partners, academic difficulties and conflicts with parents or guardians. Mean age at onset: transitional period between 12 and 13 years. Complete freedom of access to alcoholic beverages and cigarettes was reported. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that alcohol and tobacco consumption frequency was quite high in this age group. Related factors were also determinant as they are subject to educational intervention and should be considered as a priority, particularly those related to the family environment and peer group, given the enormous influence exerted by friends and members of recreational or sports team groups on adolescents at this age.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/psicologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos desarrollados por la OPS para evaluar la calidad y la efectividad potencial de material educativo. Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron instrumentos diseñados por la OPS para evaluar la calidad de material educativo en salud, diseñado durante el primer semestre del 2010. La evaluación fue realizada por grupos de usuarios del material, así: para material audiovisual, n=74; material impreso, n=116; material sonoro, n=37; material visual: n=71. Para cada instrumento se evaluó la factoriabilidad mediante las pruebas de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y de esfericidad de Bartlett. Posteriormente, se determinó la consistencia interna y estructura factorial del instrumento mediante la estimación del alfa de Cronbach, y el análisis factorial por el método de extracción de componentes principales. Resultados: todos los instrumentos fueron factorizables. El alfa de Cronbach para material audiovisual fue 0,687; la extracción de ejes principales reportó cuatro factores. Para material impreso: alfa de Cronbach de 0,83; la extracción de componentes principales arrojó un solo factor que explica el 45,1% de la varianza. En el material sonoro se encontró alfa de Cronbach = 0,73 y se extrajeron tres componentes principales. Para el material visual se encuentra alfa de Cronbach = 0,66 con tres componentes principales. Conclusiones: los instrumentos diseñados por la OPS para evaluar material educativo constituyen una herramienta confiable para evaluar los criterios de atracción, entendimiento, identificación y aceptación; se hace necesario profundizar en el análisis estructural de estos; no evalúan el criterio de inducción a la acción que otros autores referencian.
Objective: to determine psychometric properties of the instruments developed by PAHO to assess quality and potential effectiveness of educational material. Materials and methods: instruments designed by PAHO to assess the quality of health educational materials designed during the first semester 2010 were used. The evaluation was carried out through materials user groups as follows: audiovisual material, n = 74; printed material, n = 116; audio recordings, n = 37; visual material, n = 71. Factorability was evaluated for each one of the instruments by using Kaiser -Meyer-Olkin`s test and sphericity was evaluated with Bartletts test. Internal consistency and factorial structure of the instrument were determined later using Cronbachs alpha estimate and the factorial analysis was carried out using the main components extraction method. Results: all instruments were factorable. Cronbachs alpha for audiovisual material was 0.687; extraction of principal axes reported 4 factors. For printed material: 0.83Cronbachs alpha; the extraction of principal components showed a single factor which explains 45.1% of the variance. In the audio material it was found 0.73 Cronbach`s alpha and three major components were extracted. For visual material Cronbachs alpha is = 0.66 with three main components. Conclusions: the instruments designed by PAHO to assess educational materials are a reliable tool for assessing the attraction, understanding, identifying and accepting criteria; however, it is necessary to go deeper in their structural analysis. The do not assess the induction to action criterion referenced by other authors.
Objetivo: determinar propriedades psicométricas (é utilizada na psicologia para medir quais são os atributos que representam melhor às pessoas) dos instrumentos desenvolvidos pela OPS para avaliar a qualidade e a efetividade potencial de material educativo. Materiais e métodos: se utilizam instrumentos desenhados pela OPS para avaliar a qualidade de material educativo em sua saúde, desenhado durante o primeiro semestre de 2010. A avaliação foi realizada por grupos de usuários do material, assim: para material audiovisual, n=74; material impresso, n=116; material sonoro, n=37; material visual: n=71. Para cada instrumento se avalio na fatoriabilidade mediante as probas de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin e de esfericidade de Bartlett. Posteriormente, se determinou a consistência interna e estrutura fatorial do instrumento mediante a estimulação do alfa de Cronbach, e o analise fatorial pelo método de extração de componentes principais. Resultados: Todos os instrumentos foram fatorizavéis. O alfa de Cronbach para material audiovisuais foi 0,687; a extração de eixos principais reportou quatro fatores. Para material impresso: alfa de Cronbach de 0,83; a extração de componentes principais atirou um só fator que explica o 45,1% da variância. No material sonoro se encontrou alfa de Cronbach = 0,73 e se extraíram três componentes principais. Para o material visual se encontra alfa de Cronbach = 0,66 com três componentes principais. Conclusões: os instrumentos desenhados pela OPS para avaliar material educativo constituem uma ferramenta confiável para avaliar os critérios de atração, entendendo, identificação e aceitação; se faz necessária profundeza no analise estrutural destes; não avaliam o critério de introdução à ação que outros autores referenciam.
Assuntos
Humanos , Comunicação em Saúde , Educação em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Objetivo Caracterizar, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol y los factores psicosociales de riesgo y de protección para el consumo en estudiantes de Secundaria/Media Académica o Técnica de Tunja durante el año 2009. Métodos Estudio de prevalencia. Se evaluaron la prevalencia y factores determinantes del consumo en una muestra de 1 515 escolares de entre 13 y 18 años de edad matriculados en los grados 8° a 11°. Resultados Media de edad 15,2 años (SD=1,42); 50,2 por ciento mujeres; prevalencia de vida: bebidas alcohólicas 73,47 por ciento, embriaguez 51,68 por ciento, cigarrillos 50,56 por ciento. Principales determinantes del consumo: familia disfuncional, presión e influencia de pares y grupo, dificultades académicas, conflictos con padres o tutores. Edad media de inicio: período transicional entre los 12 y los 13 años. Se reporta casi absoluta libertad para acceder a las bebidas alcohólicas y a los cigarrillos. Conclusiones Se encuentra que la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol y tabaco es bastante alta en este grupo de edad, además que los determinantes asociados son factores susceptibles de intervenciones educativas que deben considerarse prioritarias, en particular las que tienen que ver con el ambiente familiar y el grupo de pares, dada la enorme influencia que los compañeros y miembros de colectivos deportivos o recreacionales pueden tener sobre los adolescentes de este grupo de edad.
Objective Characterising tobacco and alcohol consumption, the linked psychosocial risk factors and protection factors in a sample of secondary / technical students in Tunja during 2009. Methods A prevalence study was carried out, assessing consumption prevalence and determinants in a sample of 1,515 schoolchildren aged 13 to 18 who were studying in grades 8 to 11. Results Mean age was 15.2 years (SD=1.42), 50.2 percent were female; life prevalence: 73.5 percent alcohol and 50.6 percent cigarette consumption, 51.7 percent drunkenness. Main consumption determinants were having a dysfunctional family, peer pressure and influence from partners, academic difficulties and conflicts with parents or guardians. Mean age at onset: transitional period between 12 and 13 years. Complete freedom of access to alcoholic beverages and cigarettes was reported. Conclusions It was found that alcohol and tobacco consumption frequency was quite high in this age group. Related factors were also determinant as they are subject to educational intervention and should be considered as a priority, particularly those related to the family environment and peer group, given the enormous influence exerted by friends and members of recreational or sports team groups on adolescents at this age.