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Solar photovoltaic (PV) projects are pivotal in addressing climate change and fostering a sustainable energy future. However, the complex landscape of renewable energy investments, characterized by high upfront costs, market uncertainties, and evolving technologies, demands innovative evaluation methods. The Real Options Approach has emerged as a powerful tool, offering strategic flexibility in decision-making under uncertainty. This paper comprehensively analyzes the application of real options for evaluating solar photovoltaic projects in 2008-2023. Analysis of document descriptors (author keywords, index keywords, and noun phrases extracted from titles and abstracts) reveals that the dominant research topics in the last ten years (2014-2023) include investment optimization, strategic analysis, energy policy, optimization of energy generation and investments in wind energy. These descriptors are used to analyze the evolution of research interests on a two-year basis and reveal the yearly evolution of the research topics. Finally, the concept of emergence is used to unveil emerging research trends, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the renewable energy sector. Ultimately, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of how real options analysis empowers decision-makers to make informed choices in advancing clean and sustainable energy solutions.

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BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis with worldwide prevalence that causes dermal lesions and can be serious in humans. This report presents a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) that was apparently associated with a zoonotic transmission in a peri-urban area of the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador, close to mountainous and forested sites. CASE REPORT For 37 years, we have studied transmission of leishmaniasis in Ecuador, and have seen a wide variety of clinical presentations of the disease caused by different strains of the parasite Leishmania in patients, including pregnant women, without marked difference among them. CL without complications causes painless lesions of different clinical aspect. The present study reports a case of a 25-year-old woman presenting with severely inflamed, disseminated, and painful lesions of CL. The patient was not given antimonial treatment; however, local cryotherapy was given, together with topical anti-inflammatory and antibiotic ointment. All the lesions were observed to heal, and no amastigotes were found in smear stains after clinical healing. Since there was no reactivation after 1.5 years of follow-up, conventional antileishmanial treatment with meglumine antimoniate was not given to the patient. CONCLUSIONS This report shows the importance of a properly done epidemiological and clinical presumtive diagnosis, followed by parasitological confirmation, and the benefit of using an alternative treatment for vulnerable patients, such as this pregnant woman, for whom the therapy with pentavalent antimonials is not indicated. All observed lesions healed and no amastigotes were found in the smears after clinical healing.

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Among Bemisia tabaci species, the invasive MEAM1 and MED species are key agricultural pests for many crops. In Brazil, most part of B. tabaci population outbreaks were associated with MEAM1, which, since 1990s quickly spread across the entire country. Later in 2014, the MED was identified in Brazil, initially more restricted to greenhouses, but suddenly reaching new areas in the South and Southeast open regions. Thus, our objective was to investigate the geographical distribution of MEAM1 and MED on open field crops in Brazil. MEAM1 is still the predominant species on open field crops such as soybean, cotton, and tomato. The sequencing of a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment revealed a single haplotype of MEAM1, suggesting the establishment of a single MEAM1 strain in the country. The haplotypes found for MEAM1 and MED are genetically related to the globally dispersed strains, Jap1 and Mch1, respectively. Continuous monitoring of B. tabaci species is crucial because landscape alterations, climatic changes, and pest management methods may shift the B. tabaci species distribution and dominance in Brazilian crop areas.

Dentre as espécies de Bemisia tabaci, as espécies invasoras MEAM1 e MED se destacam como pragas de grande importância para várias culturas. No Brasil, a maior parte dos surtos populacionais de mosca-branca são associados a presença da espécie MEAM1, que a partir 1990 se espalhou por todo o país. Por outro lado, em 2014 a espécie MED foi identificada no Brasil, inicialmente restrita a casas de vegetação, mas rapidamente se difundindo em novas áreas nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Assim, nosso objetivo foi investigar a distribuição geográfica das espécies MEAM1 e MED em grandes culturas no Brasil. A espécie MEAM1 continua sendo predominante nas monoculturas como algodão, soja e tomate. O sequenciamento de um fragmento do gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade I (COI) revelou a presença de um haplótipo para MEAM1, sugerindo o estabelecimento de apenas uma linhagem no país. Os haplótipos encontrados para MEAM1 e MED são geneticamente relacionados as linhagens globalmente dispersas Jap1 e Mch1, respectivamente. O monitoramento contínuo das espécies de B. tabaci é crucial pois as mudanças na paisagem, mudanças climáticas e métodos de manejo das pragas podem alterar a dominância e a distribuição dessas espécies nas áreas agrícolas do Brasil.

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Abstract Among Bemisia tabaci species, the invasive MEAM1 and MED species are key agricultural pests for many crops. In Brazil, most part of B. tabaci population outbreaks were associated with MEAM1, which, since 1990s quickly spread across the entire country. Later in 2014, the MED was identified in Brazil, initially more restricted to greenhouses, but suddenly reaching new areas in the South and Southeast open regions. Thus, our objective was to investigate the geographical distribution of MEAM1 and MED on open field crops in Brazil. MEAM1 is still the predominant species on open field crops such as soybean, cotton, and tomato. The sequencing of a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment revealed a single haplotype of MEAM1, suggesting the establishment of a single MEAM1 strain in the country. The haplotypes found for MEAM1 and MED are genetically related to the globally dispersed strains, Jap1 and Mch1, respectively. Continuous monitoring of B. tabaci species is crucial because landscape alterations, climatic changes, and pest management methods may shift the B. tabaci species distribution and dominance in Brazilian crop areas.

Resumo Dentre as espécies de Bemisia tabaci, as espécies invasoras MEAM1 e MED se destacam como pragas de grande importância para várias culturas. No Brasil, a maior parte dos surtos populacionais de mosca-branca são associados a presença da espécie MEAM1, que a partir 1990 se espalhou por todo o país. Por outro lado, em 2014 a espécie MED foi identificada no Brasil, inicialmente restrita a casas de vegetação, mas rapidamente se difundindo em novas áreas nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Assim, nosso objetivo foi investigar a distribuição geográfica das espécies MEAM1 e MED em grandes culturas no Brasil. A espécie MEAM1 continua sendo predominante nas monoculturas como algodão, soja e tomate. O sequenciamento de um fragmento do gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade I (COI) revelou a presença de um haplótipo para MEAM1, sugerindo o estabelecimento de apenas uma linhagem no país. Os haplótipos encontrados para MEAM1 e MED são geneticamente relacionados as linhagens globalmente dispersas Jap1 e Mch1, respectivamente. O monitoramento contínuo das espécies de B. tabaci é crucial pois as mudanças na paisagem, mudanças climáticas e métodos de manejo das pragas podem alterar a dominância e a distribuição dessas espécies nas áreas agrícolas do Brasil.

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Scaphanocephalus is a small trematode genus belonging to the family Opistorchiidae. The genus currently contains only three species associated with marine fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts. Here, specimens of Scaphanocephalus were collected from the Osprey, Pandion haliaetus, and the White mullet, Mugil curema in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. We report for the first-time DNA sequences of adult specimens of Scaphanocephalus, particularly S. expansus, as well as a sequence of a different species sampled as metacercaria. Morphological comparisons of Scaphanocephalus expansus confirmed the identity of the adult specimens, with minor morphological variations; Scanning electron photomicrographs were included, and the species was re-described. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences showed that Scaphanocephalus is monophyletic within Opisthorchiidae and consists of three independent lineages. Sequences of adults are identical to those of S. expansus. Instead, the sequence of the metacercaria sampled from the mesentery of Mugil curema nested with specimens reported as Scaphanocephalus sp. from a labrid fish in the Mediterranean Sea, herein named it as Scaphanocephalus sp. 2.

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We present a detailed theoretical study of the molecular oxygen trimer where the potential energy surfaces of the seven multiplet states have been calculated by means of a pair approximation with very accurate dimer ab initio potentials. In order to obtain all the states a matrix representation of the potential using the uncoupled spin representation has been applied. The S = 0 ${S = 0}$ and S = 1 ${S = 1}$ states are nearly degenerate and low-lying isomers appear for most multiplicities. A crucial point in deciding the relative stabilities is the zero-point energy which represents a sizable fraction of the electronic well-depth. Therefore, we have performed accurate diffusion Monte Carlo studies of the lowest state in each multiplicity. Analysis of the wavefunction allows a deeper interpretation of the cluster structures, finding that they are significantly floppy in most cases.

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Aim: In countries where access to mammography equipment and skilled personnel is limited, most breast cancer (BC) cases are detected in locally advanced stages. Infrared breast thermography is recognized as an adjunctive technique for the detection of BC due to its advantages such as safety (by not emitting ionizing radiation nor applying any stress to the breast), portability, and low cost. Improved by advanced computational analytics techniques, infrared thermography could be a valuable complementary screening technique to detect BC at early stages. In this work, an infrared-artificial intelligence (AI) software was developed and evaluated to help physicians to identify potential BC cases. Methods: Several AI algorithms were developed and evaluated, which were learned from a proprietary database of 2,700 patients, with BC cases that were confirmed through mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy. Following by evaluation of the algorithms, the best AI algorithm (infrared-AI software) was submitted to a clinic validation process in which its ability to detect BC was compared to mammography evaluations in a double-blind test. Results: The infrared-AI software demonstrated efficiency values of 94.87% sensitivity, 72.26% specificity, 30.08% positive predictive value (PPV), and 99.12% negative predictive value (NPV), whereas the reference mammography evaluation reached 100% sensitivity, 97.10% specificity, 81.25% PPV, and 100% NPV. Conclusions: The infrared-AI software here developed shows high BC sensitivity (94.87%) and high NPV (99.12%). Therefore, it is proposed as a complementary screening tool for BC.

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Members of the genus Strigea Abildgaard, 1790 are endoparasites of birds distributed worldwide. Adults of an undescribed species of the genus Strigea were collected from the intestines of two hawk species (Rupornis magnirostris and Accipiter coperii). Other species identified as Parastrigea macrobursa that were described in Argentina were also recovered from two hawk species (Buteogallus urubitinga and Buteogallus anthracinus) in three localities along the coasts of Mexico. Specimens of the two species were sequenced for three molecular markers, the internal transcribed spacers locus (ITS1-5.8S rDNA- ITS2) and the domains D1-D3 from the large subunit from nuclear ribosomal DNA and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 from mitochondrial DNA. The newly sequenced specimens were aligned with other strigeids sequences downloaded from GenBank. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses inferred with each molecular marker revealed that our specimens of Strigea sp. formed an independent lineage, which is recognized herein as a new species, Strigea magnirostris n. sp., representing the first species in Mexico and the 16th in the Neotropical region. Morphologically, the new species is distinguished from other congeneric species from the Americas by having an oral sucker with several papillae around it, well-developed pseudosuckers (118-248 µm), a tegument covered with tiny spines, a larger cone genital (193-361 × 296-637) and a larger copulatory bursa (247-531 × 468-784). Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. macrobursa is not closely related to other members of the genus Parastrigea and is nested within Strigea, suggesting that P. macrobursa should be transferred to Strigea to form Strigea macrobursa n. comb., expanding its distribution range from Mexico to Argentina. Finally, the analyses also revealed that the taxonomy and systematics of Strigea should be re-evaluated, combining morphological and molecular characteristics.

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INTRODUCTION: Collagenase II has been used to induce experimental keratoconus in animal models. However, its effect when administered by intrastromal injection has not been studied, so the purpose of this study was to study the effects of intrastromal injection of collagenase II on corneal surface and corneal morphology. METHODS: Six New Zealand rabbits were used, collagenase II was administered by intrastromal injection (5µL of 2.5mg/mL) in the right eyes and balanced salt solution in the left eyes. Keratometry was performed to evaluate curvature alteration, also at day 7 corneas were obtained and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was performed to examine morphologic changes. Likewise, changes in type I collagen expression were investigated by Sirius Red staining and semiquantitative PCR. RESULTS: K1, K2 and Km presented differences in the means with statistically significant changes. The morphological changes that were demonstrated were degradation and irregular arrangement of the corneal stroma, increase in the cellular density of keratocytes and slight cellular infiltration. Finally, it was demonstrated that there is greater expression of type I collagen fibers in the experimental group as opposed to the controls and the thickness of the fibers also increased due to the action of collagenase II, however, in terms of genetics there were no changes in the expression of type I collagen at molecular level between the control and experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Collagenase II administered by intrastromal injection is able to induce changes in the corneal surface and stroma, being able to simulate a model of keratoconus.

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RESUMEN En muchos países la fasciolosis y la paramfistomosis representan un grave problema para la salud del sector pecuario. En Colombia hay registros de ambas distomatosis en bovinos, la mayoría en el trópico alto andino, las cuales generan pérdidas econômicas anuales cercanas a 40 000 000 000 COP. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de fasciolosis y paramfistomosis en vacunos de la hacienda La Candelaria, Caucasia (Colombia), y la presencia de caracoles hospederos intermediarios. Para cumplirlo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se recolectaron heces de los animales y se hizo el diagnóstico mediante la técnica modificada de Dennis. Se establecieron las prevalencias de los digeneos de acuerdo con el sexo, peso, edad y raza. Se recolectaron caracoles dulciacuícolas en la zona estudiada y se identificaron por morfologia. Se analizaron 466 muestras fecales de 178 bovinos, de las razas Cebú (Bos indicus), BON (blanco orejinegro) y del cruce entre ellas. Se diagnosticaron F. hepatica y Paramphistomidae con prevalencias del 2,2% y 30,9%, respectivamente. En el 1,1% de los vacunos se diagnosticó coinfección. Ambas trematodosis prevalecieron en las hembras (p = 0,03). Se identificaron moluscos dulciacuícolas Ampullariidae, Physidae y Planorbidae sin estadios larvarios de digeneos. Se concluyó que los bovinos de doble propósito de la hacienda La Candelaria están expuestos a F. hepatica y Paramphistomidae, y, probablemente, se infectan en los predios de la hacienda. Paramphistomidae es más prevalente que F. hepatica, lo cual concuerda con lo descrito en algunos estudios realizados en hatos del trópico alto andino colombiano. Paramphistomidae se encontró en todos los grupos etarios.

ABSTRACT Fasciolosis and paramphistomosis are a major health problem for the livestock economy worldwide. In Colombia, both distomatosis are reported in cattle, particularly in high Andean tropics, with annual economic losses close to COP 40 billion. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis and paramphistomosis in cattle from La Candelaria farm, Caucasia (Colombia), and the presence of intermediate host snails. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with non-probability convenience sampling. Stool samples were collected from the animals and the diagnosis was made using the modified Dennis technique. Digenea prevalence were determined according to sex, weight, age, and race. Freshwater snails were collected in the studied area and were identified by morphology. 400 and 66 fecal samples from 178 bovines of the Zebu (Bos indicus), BON (white-eared white) breeds and the cross between them were analyzed. Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomidae were diagnosed with a prevalence of 2,2% and 30,9%, respectively. Coinfection was diagnosed in 1,1% of the cattle. Both trematodosis were most frequent in females (p = 0,03). Freshwater molluscs Ampullariidae, Physidae and Planorbidae without digenea larval stages were identified. It was concluded that dual-purpose cattle from La Candelaria farm are exposed to F. hepatica and Paramphistomidae and are probably infected on the farm grounds. Paramphistomidae was more prevalent than F. hepatica, which agrees with other studies in herds from the Colombian high Andean tropics. Paramphistomidae was found in all age groups.

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Among Bemisia tabaci species, the invasive MEAM1 and MED species are key agricultural pests for many crops. In Brazil, most part of B. tabaci population outbreaks were associated with MEAM1, which, since 1990s quickly spread across the entire country. Later in 2014, the MED was identified in Brazil, initially more restricted to greenhouses, but suddenly reaching new areas in the South and Southeast open regions. Thus, our objective was to investigate the geographical distribution of MEAM1 and MED on open field crops in Brazil. MEAM1 is still the predominant species on open field crops such as soybean, cotton, and tomato. The sequencing of a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment revealed a single haplotype of MEAM1, suggesting the establishment of a single MEAM1 strain in the country. The haplotypes found for MEAM1 and MED are genetically related to the globally dispersed strains, Jap1 and Mch1, respectively. Continuous monitoring of B. tabaci species is crucial because landscape alterations, climatic changes, and pest management methods may shift the B. tabaci species distribution and dominance in Brazilian crop areas.

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La hemorragia del tracto digestivo superior (HTDS) es el sangrado originado por encima del ángulo de Treitz. A pesar del aumento en las estrategias de prevención, del incremento en los tratamientos con Inhibidor de bomba de protones (IBP) y de la intervención endoscópica temprana, esta patología sigue siendo una causa frecuente de consulta a urgencias, con una morbimortalidad no despreciable y alta carga para el sistema de salud. Esta revisión se enfoca en la HTDS de causa diferente a las varices. La principal causante de esta entidad es la enfermedad ácido-péptica, que es consecuencia del gran consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES) y de la infección por Helicobacter Pylori. Otras causas son el síndrome de Mallory Weiss, la esofagitis erosiva, las malformaciones arteriovenosas y la malignidad.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) refers to any bleeding originating above the angle of Treitz. Despite an increase in prevention strategies, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and early endoscopic intervention, this pathology continues to be an important cause of admission to the emergency department for gastrointestinal causes, having a pretty high morbidity and mortality in addition to a high burden on the health system. This review focuses on non-variceal UGIB. The main cause of this entity being peptic acid disease, due to great consumption of NSAIDs and Helicobacter Pylori infection. Other causes are Mallory Weiss syndrome, erosive esophagitis, arteriovenous malformations, and malignancy.

A hemorragia do trato digestivo superior (HTDS) é o sangrado originado acima do ângulo de Treitz. Apesar do aumento nas estratégias de prevenção, do incremento nos tratamentos com Inibidor da bomba de prótons (IBP) e da intervenção endoscópica precoce, esta patologia segue sendo uma causa frequente de consulta a urgências, com uma morbimortalidade não depreciável e alta carga para o sistema de saúde. Esta revisão se enfoca na HTDS de causa diferente às varizes. A principal causante desta entidade é a doença ácido-péptica, que é consequência do grande consumo de anti-inflamatórios não esteróideos (AINES) e da infecção por HelicobacterPylori. Outras causas são a síndrome de Mallory Weiss, a esofagites erosiva, as malformações arteriovenosas e a malignidade. Palavras-chave: hemorragia gastrointestinal; úlcera péptica; endoscopia gastrointestinal; inibidores da bomba de prótons; medicina geral.

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The most cases of persistence hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) are unilateral and sporadic, however, bilateral presentation could be present in a small number of patients, in whom other genetic diseases must be ruled out. We describe a case of a 2 months child with bilateral persistence hyperplastic primary vitreous confirmed by ultrasound. In addition, with neurodevelopmental defects, microcephaly, facial dimorphism, axial hypotonia, and without brain abnormalities on MRI, in whom a de novo mutation of the CTNNB1 gene was found during the genetic study, which explains the findings.

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PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the standard of care for patients with medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for patients who refuse surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of primary SBRT in patients with early-stage NSCLC. MATERIALS/METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study of 397 patients (416 primary lung tumours) treated with SBRT at 18 centres in Spain. 83.2% were men. The median age was 74.4 years. In 94.4% of cases, the tumour was inoperable. The pathological report was available in 54.6% of cases. SPSS vs 22.0. was used to perform all statistical analyses. RESULTS: Complete response was obtained in 53.6% of cases. Significant prognostic factors were standard CT planning (p = 0.014) and 4D cone beam CT (p = 0.000). Acute and chronic toxicity ≥ grade 3 was observed in 1.2% of cases. At a median follow-up of 30 months, local relapse was 9.6%, lymph node relapse 12.8%, distant metastasis 16.6%, and another lung tumour 11.5%. Complete response was the only significant prognostic factor for local relapse (p = 0.012) and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). The local relapse-free survival was 88.7%. The overall survival was 75.7%. The cancer-specific survival was 92.7%. The disease-free survival was 78.7%. CONCLUSION: SBRT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with early-stage lung cancer who are not suitable for surgery. The most important prognostic factor for local and distant recurrence was complete response, which in our sample depended on the type of CT planning and the IGRT technique.

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Resumen: Introducción: La luxación recidivante de rótula es una condición en la cual no se mantiene la congruencia de la superficie de la rótula en su desplazamiento sobre el surco intercondíleo del fémur en los movimientos de flexoextensión de la rodilla. Los objetivos del trabajo son: mostrar la distribución de pacientes con luxación recidivante de rótula según diferentes variables sociodemográficas y evaluar los resultados con el uso de la técnica de Campbell. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional en pacientes con luxación recidivante de rótula, en el período de Diciembre de 2017 a Diciembre de 2019. La recolección de datos se realizó con la revisión de las historias clínicas. La muestra fue de 19 pacientes, para la evaluación de la técnica quirúrgica se utilizó el sistema propuesto por los autores. El procesamiento de la información incluyó el cálculo de medidas de resumen para variables cualitativas, frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: El sexo femenino y el grupo de edad de 15 a 30 años fueron los más frecuentes, la cicatrización fue mala en dos pacientes. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en 84.3% de los pacientes operados. Conclusiones: Predominó el sexo femenino y el grupo de 15 a 30 años, la cicatrización fue mala en dos pacientes. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en los pacientes operados. A pesar de que la mayoría de los autores recomiendan la reparación del ligamento patelofemoral medial como técnica de elección o la técnica de Insall, la técnica de Campbell arroja buenos resultados cuando se aplica a luxación recidivante de rótula que necesita realineación proximal del mecanismo extensor.

Abstract: Introduction: the recurrent dislocation of the patella is a condition in which the congruence of the surface of the patella is not maintained in its displacement on the intercondyleal groove of the femur in the flexo-extension movements of the knee. The objectives of the study are: to show the distribution of patients with recurrent dislocation of patella according to different socio-demographic variables and to evaluate the results with the use of campbell's technique. Material and methods: An observational study was conducted in patients with recurrent patella dislocation in the period from December 2017 December 2019. Data collection was carried out with the review of medical records. The sample was 19 patients, the evaluation of the surgical technique was used the system proposed by the authors. Information processing included the calculation of summary measures for qualitative variables, absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: The female sex and the age group of 15 to 30 years were the most frequent, healing was poor in two patients, good results were obtained in 84.3% of the operated patients. Conclusions: Predominance of the female sex and the group of 15 to 30 years, the healing was bad in two patients, good results were obtained in the operated patients. Although most authors recommend medial patello-femoral ligament repair as a technique of choice or the Insall technique, Campbell's technique yields good results when applied to recurrent patella dislocation that need proximal realignment of the extensor mechanism.

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Assessing the body condition of wild animals is necessary to monitor the health of the population and is critical to defining a framework for conservation actions. Body condition indices (BCIs) are a non-invasive and relatively simple means to assess the health of individual animals, useful for addressing a wide variety of ecological, behavioral, and management questions. The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is an endangered subspecies of the West Indian manatee, facing a wide variety of threats from mostly human-related origins. Our objective was to define specific BCIs for the subspecies that, coupled with additional health, genetic and demographic information, can be valuable to guide management decisions. Biometric measurements of 380 wild Antillean manatees captured in seven different locations within their range of distribution were obtained. From this information, we developed three BCIs (BCI1 = UG/SL, BCI2 = W/SL3, BCI3 = W/(SL*UG2)). Linear models and two-way ANCOVA tests showed significant differences of the BCIs among sexes and locations. Although our three BCIs are suitable for Antillean manatees, BCI1 is more practical as it does not require information about weight, which can be a metric logistically difficult to collect under particular circumstances. BCI1 was significantly different among environments, revealing that the phenotypic plasticity of the subspecies have originated at least two ecotypes-coastal marine and riverine-of Antillean manatees.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most of the studies available in the literature related to the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAA) with surgical hip dislocation (CLD) come from Europe and North America. This study describes the short-term results of the LQC technique for treating PFA in a cohort of Colombian patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 42 cases of PFA treated with LQC from 2006 to 2018. The same orthopaedic surgeon performed all surgeries. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Merle d'Aubigné scores, while radiological assessment was performed using the Tönnis score. RESULTS: Fifteen women and 25 men were included in the study, with a mean age of 36.3 years. Two patients had bilateral symptomatic involvement. Of the 42 cases, there were 13 cam type, 11 pincer type and 18 mixed. Preoperatively, 31 hips were classified as poor and moderate, and 11 as good according to the Merle d'Aubigné scale. The preoperative Tönnis radiological classification showed grade 0 in half of the cases. The mean duration of follow-up was 24 months (12 to 37). The final postoperative Merle d'Aubigné scores classified 7 cases as poor or moderate, and 35 as good to excellent (p<0.05). The postoperative Tönnis score showed no significant variation. As complications, one patient had heterotopic ossification, and three had trochanteric nonunion requiring refixation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the LQC technique for the treatment of patients with PFA shows satisfactory short-term results with a low complication rate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of results of the surgical procedure for hip dislocation in our region.

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Chronotype or diurnal preference is a questionnaire-based measure influenced both by circadian period and by the sleep homeostat. In order to further characterize the biological determinants of these measures, we used a hypothesis-free approach to investigate the association between the score of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) and the Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ), as continuous variables, and volumetric measures of brain regions acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data were collected from the Baependi Heart Study cohort, based in a rural town in South-Eastern Brazil. MEQ and anatomical 1.5-T MRI scan data were available from 410 individuals, and MCTQ scores were available from a subset of 198 of them. The average MEQ (62.2 ± 10.6) and MCTQ (average MSFsc 201 ± 85 min) scores were suggestive of a previously reported strong general tendency toward morningness in this community. Setting the significance threshold at P > .002 to account for multiple comparisons, we observed a significant association between lower MEQ score (eveningness) and greater volume of the left anterior occipital sulcus (ß = -0.163, p = .001) of the occipital lobe. No significant associations were observed for MCTQ. This may reflect the smaller dataset for MCTQ, and/or the fact that MEQ, which asks questions about preferred timings, is more trait-like than the MCTQ, which asks questions about actual timings. The association between MEQ and a brain region dedicated to visual information processing is suggestive of the increasingly recognized fluidity in the interaction between visual and nonvisual photoreception and the circadian system, and the possibility that chronotype includes an element of masking.

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The most cases of persistence hyperplastic primary vítreous (PHPV) are unilateral and sporadic, however, bilateral presentation could be present in a small number of patients, in whom other genetic diseases must be ruled out. We describe a case of a 2 months child with bilateral persistence hyperplastic primary vítreous confirmed by ultrasound. In addition, with neurodevelopmental defects, microcephaly, facial dimorphism, axial hypotonia, and without brain abnormalities on MRI, in whom a de novo mutation of the CTNNB1 gene was found during the genetic study, which explains the findings.

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INTRODUCTION: the recurrent dislocation of the patella is a condition in which the congruence of the surface of the patella is not maintained in its displacement on the intercondyleal groove of the femur in the flexo-extension movements of the knee. The objectives of the study are: to show the distribution of patients with recurrent dislocation of patella according to different socio-demographic variables and to evaluate the results with the use of campbell's technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted in patients with recurrent patella dislocation in the period from December 2017 December 2019. Data collection was carried out with the review of medical records. The sample was 19 patients, the evaluation of the surgical technique was used the system proposed by the authors. Information processing included the calculation of summary measures for qualitative variables, absolute frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The female sex and the age group of 15 to 30 years were the most frequent, healing was poor in two patients, good results were obtained in 84.3% of the operated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Predominance of the female sex and the group of 15 to 30 years, the healing was bad in two patients, good results were obtained in the operated patients. Although most authors recommend medial patello-femoral ligament repair as a technique of choice or the Insall technique, Campbell's technique yields good results when applied to recurrent patella dislocation that need proximal realignment of the extensor mechanism.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La luxación recidivante de rótula es una condición en la cual no se mantiene la congruencia de la superficie de la rótula en su desplazamiento sobre el surco intercondíleo del fémur en los movimientos de flexoextensión de la rodilla. Los objetivos del trabajo son: mostrar la distribución de pacientes con luxación recidivante de rótula según diferentes variables sociodemográficas y evaluar los resultados con el uso de la técnica de Campbell. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional en pacientes con luxación recidivante de rótula, en el período de Diciembre de 2017 a Diciembre de 2019. La recolección de datos se realizó con la revisión de las historias clínicas. La muestra fue de 19 pacientes, para la evaluación de la técnica quirúrgica se utilizó el sistema propuesto por los autores. El procesamiento de la información incluyó el cálculo de medidas de resumen para variables cualitativas, frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. RESULTADOS: El sexo femenino y el grupo de edad de 15 a 30 años fueron los más frecuentes, la cicatrización fue mala en dos pacientes. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en 84.3% de los pacientes operados. CONCLUSIONES: Predominó el sexo femenino y el grupo de 15 a 30 años, la cicatrización fue mala en dos pacientes. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en los pacientes operados. A pesar de que la mayoría de los autores recomiendan la reparación del ligamento patelofemoral medial como técnica de elección o la técnica de Insall, la técnica de Campbell arroja buenos resultados cuando se aplica a luxación recidivante de rótula que necesita realineación proximal del mecanismo extensor.

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