RESUMO
Enantiostyly is a floral polymorphism in which two floral forms in the same species differ in deflection of the stigma to right or left position. In monomorphic enantiostylous plants, flowers of the two morphs occur within the same individual, usually in the same proportion. In self-compatible species the function of monomorphic enantiostyly is proposed to increase outcrossing rates and offer a reproductive advantage under pollination limitation. Enantiostylous species are usually self-compatible and show heteranthery, with poricide anthers and pollen as pollinator reward; however, there are families, such as Vochysiaceae, that have different characteristics. We analysed the reproductive system and pollination biology of Qualea parviflora and Q. multiflora, two enantiostylous species from the Brazilian Cerrado that have specific morphological and physiological traits. For this, we characterized flower traits, performed hand pollinations and studied floral visitors. We found no differences between morphs in the proportion of flowers, nectar produced or its concentration, pollen quantity and fruit set. Both species were self-incompatible and quite generalist regarding floral visitors. Enantiostyly in self-incompatible plants seems to confer a reproductive advantage by reducing self-interference resulting from stigma clogging. This novel result helps to expand our knowledge on this complex floral polymorphism and opens new avenues for future research on this topic.
Assuntos
Myrtales , Polinização , Animais , Brasil , Flores/anatomia & histologia , Myrtales/fisiologia , Pólen , Polinização/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Radiotherapy-induced dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract is common in cancer patients and has a significant impact on their quality of life. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) in patients undergoing 3D pelvic radiotherapy and who had proctalgia. METHODS: This observational, multicenter, cross-sectional epidemiological study was performed in 13 Spanish hospitals. Data were obtained on the presence and characteristics of BTcP, demographics, common comorbidities, and treatments prescribed to the patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of BTcP in patients undergoing pelvic 3D external radiotherapy with proctalgia (N = 105) was 48.6% (95% CI 39.0-58.1%). BTcP was further characterized in 59 patients. The mean (± SD) intensity of the BTcP episodes was 7.45 ± 1.47 in a visual analog scale. We found several statistically significant associations between the descriptive variables of BTcP with demographic and clinical variables associated with the tumor or the patient, such as an increased number of BTcP episodes per day depending on the presence or absence of diabetes (p = 0.001, Chi-square) or time to the onset of pain relief depending on the location of the tumor (p = 0.019, Chi-square). Fentanyl was the drug of choice in BTcP episodes for 95% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of BTcP prevalence in cancer patients undergoing pelvic 3D radiotherapy and with proctalgia. Although the variables determining the onset of BTcP are still unclear, our results could help in the design of future clinical studies addressing the treatment of BTcP in these patients.
Assuntos
Dor Irruptiva/epidemiologia , Dor do Câncer/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Dor/epidemiologia , Radioterapia Conformacional/efeitos adversos , Doenças Retais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias do Ânus/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Ânus/radioterapia , Dor Irruptiva/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Irruptiva/etiologia , Dor do Câncer/tratamento farmacológico , Dor do Câncer/etiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Neoplasias do Endométrio/radioterapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Prevalência , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Doenças Retais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Retais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Retais/radioterapia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/radioterapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Endovaginal brachytherapy treatment dosimetry differences were studied using Ir-192 or Co-60 sources for postoperative endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was conducted. Thirty-six dosimetry plans of different patients were studied (15 by Ir-192 and 21 by Co-60). Variables studied included D2cc Rectum, D2cc Bladder, D2cc Sigmoid, dose percentage at point 0 (applicator surface on the top of the cylinder) and dose percentage at point 1 (5 mm deep on the top of the cylinder). A comparative analysis was performed of the values obtained from each variable between Ir-192 and Co-60 treatments. We compared average of each variables between Iridium and Cobalt by T Student for independent samples (SPSS 22). RESULTS: There were no significant differences on using Ir-192 or Co-60 by variables, except for dose percentage at point 1 in which we detected significant differences (Table 1). Table 1 The results Variables Sources Iridium 192 Cobalt 60 D2cc Rectum (mean dose) [rank] 6.01 Gy [3.99-7.90] 5.28 Gy [3.87-6,34] D2cc Bladder (mean dose) [rank] 5.82 Gy [4.20-8.38] 5.05 Gy [2.23-6.95] D2cc Sigmoid (mean dose) [rank] 4.43 Gy [1.66-6.67] 2.33 Gy [0.60-4.28] Dose percentage at point 0a (mean) [rank] 210.74% [120.90-234.90] 204.75% [177.10-223] Dose percentage at point 1b (mean) [rank] 93.49% [87.30-100.60] 100.11% [96.70-102] aPoint 0: point to the applicator surface bPoint 1: point to 5 mm applicator surface DISCUSSION: Brachytherapy treatment dosimetry plans are similar using Ir-192 or Co-60, except dose percentage at point 1. In the scientific literature, some differences exist and there are some advantages in using cobalt.
Assuntos
Braquiterapia/métodos , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Endométrio/radioterapia , Radioisótopos de Irídio/uso terapêutico , Órgãos em Risco/efeitos da radiação , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiometria , Dosagem RadioterapêuticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acute and chronic toxicity of chemoirradiation treatment (neoadjuvant, adjuvant and radical treatment) in patients diagnosed with cervix cancer. METHODS: From December 1999 to August 2007, 53 patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix received neoadjuvant, adjuvant or radical chemoirradiation. RESULTS: Acute gastrointestinal toxicity of grade 3 or more in 9 patients (17%) and haematological toxicity of grade 3 or more in 9 patients (17%). Chronic toxicity of grade 3 or more was shown in only 2 patients (4%). The most frequent toxicities were gastrointestinal toxicity and haematological toxicity. The most frequent chronic toxicities were gastrointestinal toxicity and vaginal toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: We report that the combined neoadjuvant, adjuvant or radical chemoirradiation treatment with weekly cisplatin chemotherapy (40 mg/m(2)/week) in patients diagnosed with cervix cancer is a well tolerated treatment and chronic and acute toxicity is low-grade. This treatment scheme has easy compliance.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
Ectopic bone formation may occur after total hip arthroplasty, but fortunately most patients are asymptomatic. Both pre-operative and post-operative radiotherapy are effective in prevention of ectopic bone formation. In the few patients who needed re-operation, we found that re-irradiation is possible and safe. This case report presents our experience with single dose reirradiation of the hip in an attempt to prevent post-operative ectopic bone formation.