RESUMO
The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the water taken from the 'Tunisian Refining Industries Company' on meiobenthic nematodes, before and after a series of treatments in decantation basins followed by its discharge in Bizerte bay, Tunisia. The comparison of environmental parameters of the two types of water was clearly indicative of an improvement in the quality of treated waters after a significant reduction in their loads in hydrocarbons. Overall, the water retained a good quality after being treated by 'Tunisian Refining Industries Company' before discharge in the sea. At the end of the experiment, differential responses were observed according to the richness of sediment in organic matter and hydrocarbons. Thus, it was apparent that the nematode assemblage exposed to the treated waters was closer to controls and associated to higher values of abundance, than that under untreated ones. It was also assumed that the species Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 and Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 are sensitive bioindicators of bad environmental statues and of hydrocarbon presence in the environment. On the other hand, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 would rather be classified as a positive bioindicative species of this type of pollutants.
O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto da água retirada da "Tunisian Refining Industries Company" sobre os nematoides meiobentônicos, antes e depois de uma série de tratamentos em bacias de decantação seguidos de seu descarte na baía de Bizerte, Tunísia. A comparação dos parâmetros ambientais dos dois tipos de água foi claramente indicativa de uma melhoria na qualidade das águas tratadas após uma redução significativa das suas cargas em hidrocarbonetos. No geral, a água reteve uma boa qualidade após ser tratada pela "Tunisian Refining Industries Company" antes da descarga no mar. Ao final do experimento, foram observadas respostas diferenciais de acordo com a riqueza de sedimentos em matéria orgânica e hidrocarbonetos. Assim, ficou claro que a assembleia de nematoides exposta às águas tratadas estava mais próxima dos controles e associada a maiores valores de abundância do que nas não tratadas. Também foi assumido que as espécies Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 e Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 são bioindicadores sensíveis de más estátuas ambientais e da presença de hidrocarbonetos no meio ambiente. Por outro lado, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 preferiria ser classificado como uma espécie bioindicativa positiva deste tipo de poluentes.
Assuntos
Fauna Bentônica/análise , Nematoides , Águas Residuárias/análiseRESUMO
Abstract The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the water taken from the Tunisian Refining Industries Company on meiobenthic nematodes, before and after a series of treatments in decantation basins followed by its discharge in Bizerte bay, Tunisia. The comparison of environmental parameters of the two types of water was clearly indicative of an improvement in the quality of treated waters after a significant reduction in their loads in hydrocarbons. Overall, the water retained a good quality after being treated by Tunisian Refining Industries Company before discharge in the sea. At the end of the experiment, differential responses were observed according to the richness of sediment in organic matter and hydrocarbons. Thus, it was apparent that the nematode assemblage exposed to the treated waters was closer to controls and associated to higher values of abundance, than that under untreated ones. It was also assumed that the species Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 and Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 are sensitive bioindicators of bad environmental statues and of hydrocarbon presence in the environment. On the other hand, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 would rather be classified as a positive bioindicative species of this type of pollutants.
Resumo O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto da água retirada da Tunisian Refining Industries Company sobre os nematoides meiobentônicos, antes e depois de uma série de tratamentos em bacias de decantação seguidos de seu descarte na baía de Bizerte, Tunísia. A comparação dos parâmetros ambientais dos dois tipos de água foi claramente indicativa de uma melhoria na qualidade das águas tratadas após uma redução significativa das suas cargas em hidrocarbonetos. No geral, a água reteve uma boa qualidade após ser tratada pela Tunisian Refining Industries Company antes da descarga no mar. Ao final do experimento, foram observadas respostas diferenciais de acordo com a riqueza de sedimentos em matéria orgânica e hidrocarbonetos. Assim, ficou claro que a assembleia de nematoides exposta às águas tratadas estava mais próxima dos controles e associada a maiores valores de abundância do que nas não tratadas. Também foi assumido que as espécies Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 e Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 são bioindicadores sensíveis de más estátuas ambientais e da presença de hidrocarbonetos no meio ambiente. Por outro lado, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 preferiria ser classificado como uma espécie bioindicativa positiva deste tipo de poluentes.
RESUMO
The organization of the roots, ganglia and the peripheral distribution of the cranial nerves of the fully formed embryos of Oreochromis niloticus are examined in the transverse serial sections. These nerves carry fibers, which were also analyzed. The results of this study demonstrated that the glossopharyngeal nerve originates by means of only one root, which leaves the cranium through the glossopharyngeal foramen. This nerve gives fibers (visceromotor) to the first internal and external levator arcus branchialis muscles. There is a single epibranchial (petrosal) ganglion located extracranially. Nervus glossopharyngeus has three rami; pharyngeus, pretramticus and posttrematicus. The ramus pharyngeus carries only viscerosensory fibers; general for the pharyngeal epithelium and special ones for the pseudobranch. General viscerosensory fibers are also carried by rami pretrematicus and posttrematicus for the pharyngeal epithelial lining. The special sensory fibers are carried by the ramus pretrematicus for the taste buds and by ramus posttrematicus for the gill filaments. The ramus pretrematicus also carries visceromotor fibers for the first adductor arcus branchialis and to the first obliquus ventralis muscles.
A organização das raízes, gânglios e a distribuição periférica dos nervos cranianos dos embriões totalmente formados de Oreochromis niloticus são examinados nas seções transversais seriais. Esses nervos carregam fibras, que também foram analisadas. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o nervo glossofaríngeo se origina por meio de apenas uma raiz, que sai do crânio pelo forame glossofaríngeo. Este nervo fornece fibras (visceromotoras) para os primeiros músculos levantadores do arco branquial interno e externo. Existe um único gânglio epibranquial (petroso) localizado extracranialmente. Nervus glossopharyngeus tem três ramos; faríngeo, pretramticus e póstrematicus. O ramo faríngeo contém apenas fibras viscerossensoriais gerais para o epitélio faríngeo e especiais para o pseudobrânquio. Fibras viscerossensoriais gerais também são transportadas por ramos pretrematicus e posttrematicus para o revestimento epitelial da faringe. As fibras sensoriais especiais são transportadas pelo ramus pretrematicus para as papilas gustativas e pelo ramus posttrematicus para os filamentos branquiais. O ramo pretrematicus também carrega fibras visceromotoras para o primeiro adutor arcus branchialis e para o primeiro músculo oblíquo ventral.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Nematoides , Esgotos , Tunísia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , IndústriasRESUMO
The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the water taken from the 'Tunisian Refining Industries Company' on meiobenthic nematodes, before and after a series of treatments in decantation basins followed by its discharge in Bizerte bay, Tunisia. The comparison of environmental parameters of the two types of water was clearly indicative of an improvement in the quality of treated waters after a significant reduction in their loads in hydrocarbons. Overall, the water retained a good quality after being treated by 'Tunisian Refining Industries Company' before discharge in the sea. At the end of the experiment, differential responses were observed according to the richness of sediment in organic matter and hydrocarbons. Thus, it was apparent that the nematode assemblage exposed to the treated waters was closer to controls and associated to higher values of abundance, than that under untreated ones. It was also assumed that the species Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 and Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 are sensitive bioindicators of bad environmental statues and of hydrocarbon presence in the environment. On the other hand, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 would rather be classified as a positive bioindicative species of this type of pollutants.(AU)
O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto da água retirada da "Tunisian Refining Industries Company" sobre os nematoides meiobentônicos, antes e depois de uma série de tratamentos em bacias de decantação seguidos de seu descarte na baía de Bizerte, Tunísia. A comparação dos parâmetros ambientais dos dois tipos de água foi claramente indicativa de uma melhoria na qualidade das águas tratadas após uma redução significativa das suas cargas em hidrocarbonetos. No geral, a água reteve uma boa qualidade após ser tratada pela "Tunisian Refining Industries Company" antes da descarga no mar. Ao final do experimento, foram observadas respostas diferenciais de acordo com a riqueza de sedimentos em matéria orgânica e hidrocarbonetos. Assim, ficou claro que a assembleia de nematoides exposta às águas tratadas estava mais próxima dos controles e associada a maiores valores de abundância do que nas não tratadas. Também foi assumido que as espécies Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 e Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 são bioindicadores sensíveis de más estátuas ambientais e da presença de hidrocarbonetos no meio ambiente. Por outro lado, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 preferiria ser classificado como uma espécie bioindicativa positiva deste tipo de poluentes.(AU)
Assuntos
Nematoides , Águas Residuárias/análise , Fauna Bentônica/análiseRESUMO
The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the water taken from the 'Tunisian Refining Industries Company' on meiobenthic nematodes, before and after a series of treatments in decantation basins followed by its discharge in Bizerte bay, Tunisia. The comparison of environmental parameters of the two types of water was clearly indicative of an improvement in the quality of treated waters after a significant reduction in their loads in hydrocarbons. Overall, the water retained a good quality after being treated by 'Tunisian Refining Industries Company' before discharge in the sea. At the end of the experiment, differential responses were observed according to the richness of sediment in organic matter and hydrocarbons. Thus, it was apparent that the nematode assemblage exposed to the treated waters was closer to controls and associated to higher values of abundance, than that under untreated ones. It was also assumed that the species Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 and Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 are sensitive bioindicators of bad environmental statues and of hydrocarbon presence in the environment. On the other hand, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 would rather be classified as a positive bioindicative species of this type of pollutants.
Assuntos
Nematoides , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Humanos , Indústrias , Esgotos , Tunísia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
SUMMARY: This study aims to evaluate the ability of resveratrol (RSV) antioxidant to attenuate the oxidative stress condition induced by secondhand exposure of cigarettes and waterpipe smoking using animal model. Forty-eight mice were divided equally into six different groups, and RSV was delivered to certain groups intraperitoneally with a dose of 25 mg/kg/day. The process of smoking exposure was performed using a specialized smoking machine. The experiment duration lasts for six consecutive weeks. Five µm sections of lung were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy, and 70 nm ultrathin sections of lung stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were prepared for transmission electron microscopy to observe the cellular ultrastructure. In lung, RSV reduced the deterioration and blebbing of bronchiole epithelium, reduced the inflammation, increased the surface area of alveolar sac, and reduced the thickening of alveolar walls. Also, blood vessels were less congested and less dilated with less diffusion of extravasated blood. Ultrastructural images illustrated that RSV protects the normal structure of alveolar septum, prevents DNA damage and alveolar degeneration, showed less degree of apical membrane blebbing and retained the uniform pattern of mitochondria. In conclusion, RSV has ameliorative effects against the oxidative stress condition induced by secondhand (side stream) exposure of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking.
RESUMEN: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la capacidad del antioxidante resveratrol (RSV) para atenuar el estrés oxidativo inducido por la exposición de segunda mano a los cigarrillos y al tabaquismo en pipa de agua, utilizando un modelo animal. Se dividieron cuarenta y ocho ratones en seis grupos diferentes, y se administró RSV a ciertos grupos por vía intraperitoneal con una dosis de 25 mg / kg / día. El proceso de exposición al tabaquismo se realizó utilizando una máquina de fumar especializada. La duración del experimento fue de seis semanas consecutivas. Para realizar la microscopía óptica se tiñeron secciones de pulmón de cinco µm con hematoxilina y eosina, y se prepararon secciones ultrafinas de 70 nm de pulmón teñidas con acetato de uranilo y citrato de plomo para la microscopía electrónica de transmisión para observar la ultra estructura celular. En el pulmón, el RSV redujo el deterioro y la formación de ampollas del epitelio de los bronquiolos, redujo la inflamación, aumentó la superficie del saco alveolar y redujo el engrosamiento de las paredes alveolares. Además, los vasos sanguíneos se encontraron menos congestionados y menos dilatados y con menor difusión de sangre extravasada. Las imágenes ultraestructurales mostraron que el RSV protege la estructura normal del tabique alveolar, previene el daño del ADN y la degeneración alveolar, mostrando un menor grado de formación de ampollas en la membrana apical y además retuvo el patrón uniforme de las mitocondrias. En conclusión, el RSV tiene efectos de mejora contra el estrés oxidativo inducido por la exposición de segunda mano (corriente secundaria) al fumar cigarrillos y pipas de agua.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Tabaco para Cachimbos de Água/efeitos adversos , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microscopia , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagemRESUMO
SUMMARY: Postgraduate refresher courses may address deficiencies in the gross anatomy preparedness of medical graduates. However, the literature does not offer a method to identify such deficiencies. Our aim is to develop and validate a scale to measure the gross anatomy preparedness of medical graduates. First, we defined gross anatomy preparedness (the construct) as "the benchmark of personal ability in gross anatomy against the standard required for clinical practice." Next, we conducted a literature search for extant items related to our definition. To develop our scale, we grouped the items under three headings: proficiency, preference, and pertinence. Finally, we constructed item-specific response anchors to "Likertize" the items. We recruited experts to validate the content and conducted cognitive interviews to validate the response process. To evaluate the internal structure and reliability of the scale, we invited a purposive sample of 120 surgery residents to complete the scale and explored the results of the pilot test using data reduction and reliability analysis. A total of 77 surgery residents completed the scale. Varimax-rotated principal components analysis revealed three components with eigenvalues greater than one, and the components explained 64 % of the total variance. The rotated solution was consistent with the original structure of the questionnaire. The components, which represented the proficiency, preference, and pertinence item sets, explained 25 %, 23 %, and 16 %, respectively, of the total variance. Cronbach's α coefficients for the item sets were 0.72, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively. We developed and validated a scale to measure the gross anatomy preparedness of medical graduates. In addition, we offer conceptual guidelines to help users interpret the results of the scale. Outcome data are required to substantiate the predictive validity of the scale.
RESUMEN: Los cursos de actualización de posgrado pueden abordar las deficiencias en la preparación de la anatomía macroscópica de los graduados médicos. Sin embargo, la literatura no ofrece un método para identificar tales deficiencias. Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar y validar una escala para medir la preparación anatómica general de los graduados médicos. Primero, definimos la preparación para la anatomía macroscópica (el constructo) como "el punto de referencia de la capacidad personal en anatomía macroscópica frente al estándar requerido para la práctica clínica". A continuación, realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica de elementos existentes relacionados con nuestra definición. Para desarrollar nuestra escala, agrupamos los ítems bajo tres encabezados: competencia, preferencia y pertinencia. Finalmente, construimos anclas de respuesta específicas del ítem para "dar me gusta" a los ítems. Reclutamos expertos para validar el contenido y realizamos entrevistas cognitivas para validar el proceso de respuesta. Para evaluar la estructura interna y la confiabilidad de la escala, invitamos a una muestra intencional de 120 residentes de cirugía a completar la escala y exploramos los resultados de la prueba piloto utilizando la reducción de datos y el análisis de confiabilidad. Un total de 77 residentes de cirugía completaron la escala. El análisis de componentes principales rotados con Varimax reveló tres componentes con valores propios mayores que uno, y los componentes explicaron el 64 % de la varianza total. La solución rotada fue consistente con la estructura original del cuestionario. Los componentes, que representaban los conjuntos de ítems de competencia, preferencia y pertinencia, explicaban el 25 %, el 23 % y el 16 %, respectivamente, de la varianza total. Los coeficientes de Cronbach para los conjuntos de elementos fueron 0,72, 0,71 y 0,61, respectivamente. Desarrollamos y validamos una escala para medir la preparación anatómica general de los graduados médicos. Además, ofrecemos pautas conceptuales para ayudar a los usuarios a interpretar los resultados de la escala. Se requieren datos de resultados para corroborar la validez predictiva de la escala.
Assuntos
Humanos , Médicos/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Anatomia/educação , Cirurgia Geral/educação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Competência Clínica , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Internato e ResidênciaRESUMO
SUMMARY: The foramen magnum is morphometrically typified by two perpendicular diameters and a distinct margin. This important anatomical landmark is subject to high interindividual variation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dimensions and morphology of the foramen magnum in a Jordanian population. In this retrospective study, 247 individuals were consecutively sampled using the institutional picture archiving and communication system. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum were measured; the foramen magnum index was calculated; and, the shape of the foramen magnum was visually assessed. The sex-pooled anteroposterior and transverse diameters were 35.1 ± 3.2 mm and 29.3 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. The sex-pooled foramen magnum index was 1.20 ± 0.10. The diameters were significantly different (P<0.001) and positively correlated (r=0.52, P<0.001). Participant age was negatively correlated with the anteroposterior (rs=-0.15, P=0.02) and transverse (rs=-0.14, P=0.03) diameters. After controlling for participant age, there was a statistically significant difference in the anteroposterior diameter (P<0.001), the transverse diameter (P<0.001), and the foramen magnum index (P=0.02) between sexes. The foramen magnum was most commonly irregular in shape (36 % of all cases). In contrast to previous studies, we report, for the first time, a negative correlation between age and the diameters of the foramen magnum. In addition, a predominance of irregularly shaped foramen magnum was found. The finding makes an already heterogenous group of published data even more variable, prompting reconsideration of the role of visual assessment in morphometric studies.
RESUMEN: El foramen magno está morfométricamente tipificado por dos diámetros perpendiculares y un margen. Este punto importante de referencia anatómica está sujeto a una alta variación interindividual. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las dimensiones y la morfología del foramen magno en una población jordana. En este estudio retrospectivo, 247 individuos fueron muestreados consecutivamente utilizando el sistema institucional y de comunicación de imágenes. Se midieron los diámetros anteroposterior y transversal del foramen magno; Se calculó el índice del foramen magno y se evaluó visualmente la forma dede éste. Los diámetros anteroposterior y transversal agrupados por sexo fueron 35,1±3,2 mm y 29,3±2,5 mm, respectivamente. El índice del foramen magno, agrupado por sexo, fue 1,20±0,10. Los diámetros fueron significativamente diferentes (P <0,001) y positivamente correlacionados (r = 0,52, P <0,001). La edad de los participantes se correlacionó negativamente con los diámetros anteroposterior (rs = -0,15, P = 0,02) y transversal (rs = -0,14, P = 0,03). Después de verificar la edad de los participantes, hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el diámetro anteroposterior (P <0,001), el diámetro transversal (P <0,001) y el foramen magno (P = 0,02) entre ambos sexos. El foramen magno era más comúnmente de forma irregular (36 % de todos los casos). A diferencia de estudios anteriores, se informa por primera vez de una correlación negativa entre la edad y los diámetros del foramen magno. Además, se encontró un predominio de forámenes de forma irregular. El hallazgo indica que un grupo heterogéneo de datos ya publicados, sea aún más variable, lo que lleva a reconsiderar el papel de la evaluación visual en los estudios morfométricos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cefalometria , Forame Magno/anatomia & histologia , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
The liver is one of the major organs that is indirectly affected by cigarette smoke. The aim of this project is to define the histologic and ultrastructural changes in normal liver cells after exposing animals to cigarette smoke. Thirty albino rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 90 days, followed by morphologic examination of their livers under light microscope and electron microscope. The liver cells of cigarette smoke exposed rats showed mild swelling with increased eosinophilia. Ultrastructural examination of these cells demonstrated cytoplasm with highly proliferated and crowded mitochondria. There were many electron dense mitochondria. These mitochondria were pleomorphic in shape compared to mitochondrias of control rats. Also, loss of mitochondrial cristae and widening of the intermembranous space was noticed. It is concluded that smoking exerts cellular damage and oxidative stress on normal liver cells resulting in ultrastructural changes.
El hígado es uno de los principales órganos indirectamente afectado por el humo del cigarrillo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue definir los cambios histológicos y ultraestructurales de las células normales del hígado después de exponer a los animales al humo del cigarrillo. Treinta ratas albinas fueron expuestas al humo de cigarrillo durante 90 días, seguido de un examen morfológico de los hígados bajo microscopio de luz y microscopio electrónico. Las células hepáticas de las ratas expuestas al humo de cigarrillo mostraron una leve inflamación con un aumento de la eosinofilia. En el examen ultraestructural de estas células se observó el citoplasma mitocondrial altamente proliferado y saturado. Se observó gran cantidad de mitocondrias electrón-densas y éstas presentaban forma pleomórfica en comparación con las mitocondrias del grupo control. Además, se observó pérdida de las crestas mitocondriales y ensanchamiento del espacio intermembranoso. Se concluye que el tabaquismo ejerce daño celular y estrés oxidativo en las células hepáticas normales, lo que resulta en la aparición de cambios ultraestructurales.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/patologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Produtos do Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Hepatócitos/ultraestrutura , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de TransmissãoRESUMO
A hospital based prospective study was conducted from July 2001 to July 2015 at the Department of Radiology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan. During that period, five cases of double inferior vena cava (DIVC) were discovered among a cohort of 7722 patients (3861 men and 3861 women, 49.5±16.9 years, range 1678 years). Cases were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced Spiral CT venography (CTV) and confirmed by turbo three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight contrast-enhanced MR venography. The majority of patients 3166 (41 %) were referred for staging and follow-up of malignancy, postoperative complications 1777 (23 %), non-specific abdominal pain 1467 (19 %), preoperative assessment 849 (11 %) and trauma 463 (6 %). Magnetic resonance venography showed higher sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy and noninvasive modality for assessment of IVC map. MRV is a more useful, noninvasive modality for assessment of IVC map. DIVC is a common anomaly, its incidence in our study found to be 0.064 %. The incidence, literature review, embryogenesis, and importance of this anomaly are discussed. In addition, sample figures of relevant cases are provided.
En el Departamento de Radiología del Hospital de la Universidad de Jordania, Amman, Jordania, se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo entre el mes de julio de 2001 al mes de julio del 2015. Durante ese período se descubrieron cinco casos de vena cava inferior doble (VCID) en una cohorte de 7722 pacientes (3861 hombres y mujeres 3861, de 49,5 ± 16,9 años, con un rango de edad de 16-78 años). Los casos fueron diagnosticados por medio de venografía por tomografía computada espiral con contraste (TCV) y confirmados por medio de venografía por estudio tridimensional turbo. La mayoría de los pacientes (3166, 41 %) fueron remitidos para estadificación y seguimiento de tumores malignos. Se presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias en 1777 pacientes (23 %), dolor abdominal no especificado en 1467 (19 %), evaluación preoperatoria en 849 (11 %) y traumatismo en 463 pacientes (6 %). La venografía por resonancia magnética (RMV) mostró una mayor sensibilidad, precisión diagnóstica, y resultando no invasiva para la evaluación de la vena cava inferior (VCI). RMV es una modalidad más útil, no invasiva para la evaluación de la VCI. VCID es una anomalía frecuente, encontrándose en nuestro estudio una incidencia de 0,064 %. Además se realizó una revisión de la literatura, la embriogénesis, y la importancia de esta anomalía. También, se proporcionaron cifras de muestras de los casos relevantes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Flebografia/métodos , Veia Cava Inferior , Veia Cava Inferior/anormalidades , Jordânia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Prospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Veia Cava Inferior/embriologiaRESUMO
This study aims at establishing whether transverse diameter (TD) and cross sectional-area (CSA) of the ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA) and pulmonary trunk (PT) measured by computerized tomographic angiography (CTA) altered by sex, age, hypertension, smoking and diabetes. CTA examinations of the TD and CSA of the AA, DA and PT of 100 patients aged 49.5±16.9 years (range 1678 years) selected between January 2009 to May 2011 from those referred to Radiology Department, Jordan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan for advanced evaluation. Measurements were made in the axial plane at the upper border of the six thoracic vertebrae. Patients were divided into three age groups. Significance of differences in parameters between age groups was calculated. Assessment ratios were considered. It was found that parameters of the three arteries were significantly larger in men than in women (P= < 0.05) and increased with age. Hypertension increased diameters of AA and DA in both genders (P= 0.001) and of PT in men (P= 0.01). Smoking significantly decreased parameters of PT in men (P= 0.01). Diabetes increased parameters of the three arteries in both genders, significantly increased parameters of PT in men (P= <0.05) and parameters of DA in women (P= <0.05). It is concluded that studied parameters were larger in men and increased with age of our patients. Distinctive differences in measurements appeared in hypertensive, smokers, and diabetic patients.
El objetivo fue determinar si el sexo, edad, hipertensión, tabaquismo y la diabetes alteran el diámetro transversal (DT) y área transversal (AT) de la parte ascendente de la aorta (AA), parte descendente de la aorta (AD) y tronco pulmonar (TP), medidos por angiografía por tomografía computadorizada (ATC). Exámenes de ATC de 100 pacientes de 49,5±16,9 años (rango 1678 años) fueron seleccionados entre enero del año 2009 a mayo del año 2011 por el Departamento de Radiología, Hospital de la Universidad de Jordania, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Jordania, Amman, Jordania para una evaluación avanzada del DT y AT de la AA, AD y TP. Las mediciones se realizaron en el plano axial en el margen superior de las seis vértebras torácicas. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos según edad. Se determinó la existencia de significancia estadística de los diferentes parámetros entre los grupos etarios. La evaluación de las razones también fueron consideradas. Se encontró que los parámetros de las tres arterias fueron significativamente mayores en los hombres que en las mujeres (p= <0,05) y que aumentaron con la edad. La hipertensión aumentó los diámetros de la AA y AD en ambos sexos (p= 0,001) y del TP en los hombres (p= 0,01). En fumadores disminuyeron significativamente los parámetros del TP en los hombres (p= 0,01). La diabetes aumentó los parámetros de las tres arterias en ambos sexos. Ademas, aumentaron significativamente los parámetros del TP en los hombres (p= <0,05) y los parámetros de la AD en las mujeres (p = <0,05). Se concluye que los parámetros estudiados eran mayores en los hombres y aumentaron con la edad de nuestros pacientes. Diferencias distintivas en las mediciones aparecieron en hipertensos, fumadores y pacientes diabéticos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Aorta/patologia , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Fatores Etários , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Aorta Torácica/patologia , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Diabetes Mellitus/patologia , Hipertensão/patologia , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores Sexuais , Tabagismo/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of persistent developmental impairments in children with congenital heart defects and to identify factors that enhance risk for an adverse outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Eligible infants (n = 131) <2 years of age requiring open heart surgery were recruited prospectively. Subjects were assessed during surgery and again 12 to 18 months later with standardized developmental assessments and formal neurologic examinations. RESULTS: Mean age at follow-up testing was 19.1 +/- 6.6 months. Assessments indicated that 41% had abnormal neurologic examinations. Gross and/or fine motor delays were documented in 42%, and 23% demonstrated global developmental delay. Univariate and multiple regression models identified the following factors increasing the risk for persistent developmental deficits: preoperative and acute postoperative neurodevelopmental status and microcephaly, type of heart lesion, length of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, age at surgery, and days in the intensive care unit (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with congenital heart defects commonly have ongoing neurologic, motor, and developmental deficits well after surgical correction. The cause is multifactorial and includes brain injury before, during, and after heart surgery.