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It is known that the inflammation process leading to oxidative stress and thyroid hormone metabolism dysfunction is highly altered in metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aims to address the effect of ornithine aspartate (LOLA) and vitamin E (VitE) in improving these processes. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups and treated for 28 weeks: controls (n = 10) received a standard diet (for 28 weeks) plus gavage with distilled water (DW) from weeks 16 to 28. MASLD groups received a high-fat and choline-deficient diet for 28 weeks (MASLD group) and daily gavage with 200 mg/kg/day of LOLA, or twice a week with 150 mg of VitE from weeks 16-28. LOLA diminished collagen deposition (p = 0.006). The same treatment diminished carbonyl, TBARS, and sulfhydryl levels and GPx activity (p < 0.001). Type 3 deiodinase increased in the MASLD group, downregulating T3-controlled genes, which was corrected in the presence of LOLA. LOLA also promoted a near-normalization of complex II, SDH, and GDH activities (p < 0.001) and improved reticulum stress, with a reduction in GRP78 and HSPA9/GRP75 protein levels (p < 0.05). The enhanced energy production and metabolism of thyroid hormones, probably because of GSH replenishment provided by the L-glutamate portion of LOLA, opens a new therapeutic approach for MASLD.
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Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vitamina E , Animais , Ratos , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Vitamina E/metabolismo , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônios Tireóideos/metabolismo , DipeptídeosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Studies suggest ornithine aspartate (LOLA) as drug therapy. AIM: To analyze the influence of LOLA intake on gut microbiota using a nutritional model of MASLD. METHODS: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Control (10 rats fed with a standard diet), MASLD (10 rats fed with a high-fat and choline-deficient diet), and LOLA (10 rats receiving 200 mg/kg/d LOLA, after the 16th week receiving high-fat and choline-deficient diet). After 28 wk of the experiment, animals were euthanized, and feces present in the intestine were collected. Following fecal DNA extraction, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified followed by sequencing in an Ion S5™ system. RESULTS: Alpha and beta diversity metrics were comparable between MASLD and LOLA. 3 OTUs were differentially abundant between MASLD and LOLA, which belong to the species Helicobacter rodentium, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and Parabacteroides distasonis. The functional prediction provided two different metabolic profiles between MASLD and LOLA. The 9 pathways differentially abundant in MASLD are related to a change in energy source, adenosine/purine nucleotides degradation as well as guanosine and adenosine deoxyribonucleotides biosynthesis. The 14 pathways differentially abundant in LOLA are associated with four major metabolic functions primarily influenced by L-aspartate, including tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways, purine/guanosine nucleotides biosynthesis, pyrimidine ribonucleotides biosynthesis and salvage as well as lipid IVA biosynthesis. CONCLUSION: Although LOLA had no influence on alpha and beta diversity in this nutritional model of MASLD, it was associated with changes in specific gut microbes and their related metabolic pathways.
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Morphometry of striated muscle fibres is critical for monitoring muscle health and function. Here, we evaluated functional parameters of skeletal and cardiac striated muscle in two experimental models using the Morphometric Analysis of Muscle Fibre tool (MusMA). The collagen-induced arthritis model was used to evaluate the function of skeletal striated muscle and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model was used for cardiac striated muscle analysis. After euthanasia, we used haeamatoxylin and eosin stained sections of skeletal and cardiac muscle to perform muscle fibre segmentation and morphometric analysis. Morphometric analysis classified muscle fibres into six subpopulations: normal, regular hypertrophic, irregular hypertrophic, irregular, irregular atrophic and regular atrophic. The percentage of atrophic fibres was associated with lower walking speed (p = 0.009) and lower body weight (p = 0.026), respectively. Fibres categorized as normal were associated with maximum grip strength (p < 0.001) and higher march speed (p < 0.001). In the evaluation of cardiac striated muscle fibres, the percentage of normal cardiomyocytes negatively correlated with cardiovascular risk markers such as the presence of abdominal adipose tissue (p = .003), miR-33a expression (p = .001) and the expression of miR-126 (p = .042) Furthermore, the percentage of atrophic cardiomyocytes correlated significantly with the Castelli risk index II (p = .014). MusMA is a simple and objective tool that allows the screening of striated muscle fibre morphometry, which can complement the diagnosis of muscle diseases while providing functional and prognostic information in basic and clinical research.
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Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas , Animais , Masculino , Prognóstico , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/patologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
Background and aim: Considering the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and treatment gaps, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on liver function markers, nutritional status, and clinical parameters. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0346782) included adult outpatients with biopsy-proven NASH. The intervention consisted of 24 weeks of supplementation with the probiotic mix Lactobacillus acidophilus (1 × 109 CFU) + Lactobacillus rhamnosus (1 × 109 CFU) + Lactobacillus paracasei (1 × 109 CFU) + Bifidobacterium lactis (1 × 109 CFU), or placebo, twice a day. The following parameters were evaluated: demographic and clinical data, transient elastography (FibroScan), liver enzymes, NAFLD fibrosis score, fatty liver index, laboratory assessment, serum concentration of toll-like receptor-4 (sTLR-4) and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), anthropometric data, dietary intake, and physical activity. Regarding data analysis, the comparison between the groups was based on the delta of the difference of each variable analyzed (value at the end of treatment minus the baseline value) using the t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Forty-four patients with NASH completed the trial (51.4 ± 11.6 years). At baseline, 87% of participants had a mild liver fibrosis degree on biopsy, normal values of liver enzymes, transient elastography values consistent with grade 1 fibrosis in both groups, increased waist circumference (WC), a BMI of 30.97 kg/m2, and 76% presented with metabolic syndrome (MetS). After the intervention, no differences were observed between the probiotic and placebo groups in terms of MetS, WC, BMI scores, or liver enzyme levels (p > 0.05 for all). The elastography values remained consistent with grade 1 fibrosis in both groups. Although CK-18 was reduced in both groups, a larger effect size was noted in the probiotic group (D = 1.336). sTLR-4 was also reduced in both groups, with no difference between groups (p = 0.885). Conclusion: Intervention with probiotics in the early stages of NASH demonstrated no significant change in hepatic and clinical parameters. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT0346782.
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Background/Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising as a biomarker of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The objective is to study EVs and their involvement in MASLD concerning the disease's pathogenesis and progression characteristics. Methods: Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two experimental models of MASLD: MASLD-16 and MASLD-28, animals received a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CHFD) and Control-16 and Control-28, animals received a standard diet (SD) for 16 and 28 weeks, respectively. Biological samples from these animal models were used, as well as previously registered variables. EVs from hepatic tissue were characterized using confocal microscopy. EVs were isolated through differential ultracentrifugation from serum and characterized using NanoSight. The data from the EVs were correlated with biochemical, molecular, and histopathological parameters. Results: Liver EVs were identified through the flotillin-1 protein. EVs were isolated from the serum of all groups. There was a decrease of EVs concentration in MASLD-28 in comparison with Control-28 (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in EVs concentration in Control-28 compared with Control-16 (P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between serum EVs concentration with hepatic gene expression of interleukin (Il)6 (r2 = 0.685, P < 0.05), Il1b (r2 = 0.697, P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa; r2 = 0.636, P < 0.05) in MASLD-16. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between serum EVs size and Il10 in MASLD-28 (r2 = 0.762, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The concentration and size of EVs correlated with inflammatory markers, suggesting their involvement in the systemic circulation, cellular communication, and development and progression of MASLD, demonstrating that EVs have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkers for MASLD diagnosis and prognosis.
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Dieta Hiperlipídica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Vesículas Extracelulares , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/patologia , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Deficiência de Colina/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are common, and gut microbiota (GM) is involved with both. Here we compared GM composition in animal models of MASLD and ALD to assess whether there are specific patterns for each disease. METHODS: MASLD model- adult male Sprague Dawley rats, randomized into two groups: MASLD-control (n=10) fed a standard diet; MASLD-group (n=10) fed a high-fat-choline-deficient diet for 16 weeks. ALD model- adult male Wistar rats randomized: ALD-control (n=8) fed a standard diet and water+0.05% saccharin, ALD groups fed with sunflower seed and 10% ethanol+0.05% saccharin for 4 or 8 weeks (ALC4, n=8; ALC8, n=8). ALC4/8 on the last day received alcoholic binge (5g/kg of ethanol). Afterwards, animals were euthanized, and feces were collected for GM analysis. RESULTS: Both experimental models induced typical histopathological features of the diseases. Alpha diversity was lower in MASLD compared with ALD (p<0.001), and structural pattern was different between them (P<0.001). Bacteroidetes (55.7%), Firmicutes (40.6%), and Proteobacteria (1.4%) were the most prevalent phyla in all samples, although differentially abundant among groups. ALC8 had a greater abundance of the phyla Cyanobacteria (5.3%) and Verrucomicrobiota (3.2%) in relation to the others. Differential abundance analysis identified Lactobacillaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter associated with ALC4 and the Clostridia_UCG_014_ge and Gastranaerophilales_ge genera to ALC8. CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrated that the structural pattern of the GM differs significantly between MASLD and ALD models. Studies are needed to characterize the microbiota and metabolome in both clinical conditions to find new therapeutic strategies. BACKGROUND: â¢Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota are related to the development of alcoholic liver disease and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. BACKGROUND: â¢The diversity of the intestinal microbiota was lower in animals with MASLD compared to ALD. BACKGROUND: â¢The structural pattern of the intestinal microbiota was significantly different among the experimental groups. BACKGROUND: â¢Studies are needed to characterize the composition of the intestinal microbiota and metabolome to find new therapeutic strategies.
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Fígado Gorduroso , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Sacarina , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ratos Wistar , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/microbiologia , EtanolRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing, especially in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). AIM: To investigate rifaximin (RIF) effects on epigenetic/autophagy markers in animals. METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n = 8, each) and treated from 5-16 wk: Control [standard diet, water plus gavage with vehicle (Veh)], HCC [high-fat choline deficient diet (HFCD), diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in drinking water and Veh gavage], and RIF [HFCD, DEN and RIF (50 mg/kg/d) gavage]. Gene expression of epigenetic/autophagy markers and circulating miRNAs were obtained. RESULTS: All HCC and RIF animals developed metabolic-dysfunction associated steatohepatitis fibrosis, and cirrhosis, but three RIF-group did not develop HCC. Comparing animals who developed HCC with those who did not, miR-122, miR-34a, tubulin alpha-1c (Tuba-1c), metalloproteinases-2 (Mmp2), and metalloproteinases-9 (Mmp9) were significantly higher in the HCC-group. The opposite occurred with Becn1, coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase-1 (Carm1), enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (Ezh2), autophagy-related factor LC3A/B (Map1 Lc3b), and p62/sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1)-protein. Comparing with controls, Map1 Lc3b, Becn1 and Ezh2 were lower in HCC and RIF-groups (P < 0.05). Carm1 was lower in HCC compared to RIF (P < 0.05). Hepatic expression of Mmp9 was higher in HCC in relation to the control; the opposite was observed for p62/Sqstm1 (P < 0.05). Expression of p62/SQSTM1 protein was lower in the RIF-group compared to the control (P = 0.024). There was no difference among groups for Tuba-1c, Aldolase-B, alpha-fetoprotein, and Mmp2 (P > 0.05). miR-122 was higher in HCC, and miR-34a in RIF compared to controls (P < 0.05). miR-26b was lower in HCC compared to RIF, and the inverse was observed for miR-224 (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups regarding miR-33a, miR-143, miR-155, miR-375 and miR-21 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: RIF might have a possible beneficial effect on preventing/delaying liver carcinogenesis through epigenetic modulation in a rat model of MASLD-HCC.
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BACKGROUND & AIM: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with evidence for potential interaction with nutrition. However, the combination of meat consumption with genetic polymorphism has not been tested. Therefore, this study aims to test the association between the joint presence of PNPLA3 rs738409 G-allele with high meat consumption and NAFLD in populations with diverse meat consumption. METHODS: A cross-sectional study among Israeli screening and Brazilian primary healthcare populations. Food consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. PNPLA3 polymorphism was defined as homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (GC). Inconclusive/probable NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 30 and probable NAFLD as FLI ≥ 60. RESULTS: The sample included 511 subjects from the screening and primary healthcare populations (n = 213 and n = 298, respectively). Genetic polymorphism (homozygous GG or heterozygous GC) combined with high consumption of total meat, red and/or processed meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed meat was associated with the highest odds for inconclusive/probable NAFLD (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.27-5.97, p = 0.011; OR = 3.24, 1.43-7.34, p = 0.005; OR = 2.92, 1.32-6.47, p = 0.008; OR = 3.16, 1.46-6.83, p = 0.003, respectively), adjusting for age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake. In addition, genetic polymorphism combined with high processed meat consumption was associated with the highest odds for probable NAFLD (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.04-5.56, p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: High red meat intake may confer a greater risk for NAFLD among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and consider minimizing red and processed meat consumption among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers.
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Lipase , Proteínas de Membrana , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Carne Vermelha , Humanos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Lipase/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carne Vermelha/efeitos adversos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Adulto , Israel/epidemiologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alelos , Polimorfismo Genético , Aciltransferases , Fosfolipases A2 Independentes de CálcioRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are common, and gut microbiota (GM) is involved with both. Here we compared GM composition in animal models of MASLD and ALD to assess whether there are specific patterns for each disease. Methods: MASLD model- adult male Sprague Dawley rats, randomized into two groups: MASLD-control (n=10) fed a standard diet; MASLD-group (n=10) fed a high-fat-choline-deficient diet for 16 weeks. ALD model- adult male Wistar rats randomized: ALD-control (n=8) fed a standard diet and water+0.05% saccharin, ALD groups fed with sunflower seed and 10% ethanol+0.05% saccharin for 4 or 8 weeks (ALC4, n=8; ALC8, n=8). ALC4/8 on the last day received alcoholic binge (5g/kg of ethanol). Afterwards, animals were euthanized, and feces were collected for GM analysis. Results: Both experimental models induced typical histopathological features of the diseases. Alpha diversity was lower in MASLD compared with ALD (p<0.001), and structural pattern was different between them (P<0.001). Bacteroidetes (55.7%), Firmicutes (40.6%), and Proteobacteria (1.4%) were the most prevalent phyla in all samples, although differentially abundant among groups. ALC8 had a greater abundance of the phyla Cyanobacteria (5.3%) and Verrucomicrobiota (3.2%) in relation to the others. Differential abundance analysis identified Lactobacillaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter associated with ALC4 and the Clostridia_UCG_014_ge and Gastranaerophilales_ge genera to ALC8. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that the structural pattern of the GM differs significantly between MASLD and ALD models. Studies are needed to characterize the microbiota and metabolome in both clinical conditions to find new therapeutic strategies.
RESUMO Contexto: A doença hepática alcoólica (DHA) e a doença hepática esteatótica associada à disfunção metabólica (MASLD) são comuns, e a microbiota intestinal (MI) está envolvida em ambas. Aqui, comparamos a composição da MI em modelos animais de MASLD e DHA para avaliar se existem padrões específicos para cada doença. Métodos: Modelo de MASLD - ratos machos adultos da linhagem Sprague Dawley, randomizados em dois grupos: MASLD-controle (n=10) alimentados com uma dieta padrão; grupo MASLD (n=10) alimentados com uma dieta rica em gordura e deficiente em colina por 16 semanas. Modelo de DHA - ratos machos adultos da linhagem Wistar randomizados: DHA-controle (n=8) alimentados com uma dieta padrão e água+0,05% de sacarina; grupos DHA alimentados com semente de girassol e 10% de etanol+0,05% de sacarina por 4 ou 8 semanas (DHA4, n=8; DHA8, n=8). DHA 4/8 no último dia receberam binge alcoólico (5 g/kg de etanol). Posteriormente, os animais foram sacrificados, e as fezes foram coletadas para análise da MI. Resultados: Ambos os modelos experimentais induziram características histopatológicas típicas das doenças. A diversidade alfa foi menor na MASLD em comparação com a DHA (P<0,001), e o padrão estrutural foi diferente entre elas (P<0,001). Bacteroidetes (55,7%), Firmicutes (40,6%) e Proteobactérias (1,4%) foram os filos mais prevalentes em todas as amostras, embora com abundâncias diferenciadas entre os grupos. DHA8 teve uma maior abundância dos filos Cyanobacteria (5,3%) e Verrucomicrobiota (3,2%) em relação aos outros. A análise de abundância diferencial identificou Lactobacillaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 e Turicibacter associados ao grupo DHA4, e os gêneros Clostridia_UCG_014_ge e Gastranaerophilales_ge associados ao DHA8. Conclusão: Neste estudo, demonstramos que o padrão estrutural da MI difere significativamente entre os modelos de MASLD e DHA. Estudos são necessários para caracterizar a microbiota e os metabólitos ativos em ambas as condições clínicas, a fim de encontrar novas estratégias terapêuticas.
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A leishmaniose visceral, conhecida também como calazar, trata-se da forma mais grave das leishmanioses por ser uma enfermidade sistêmica e com um grande espectro clínico e um caráter irregular. Desse modo, objetivou-se avaliar a situação epidemiológica da leishmaniose visceral no Estado de Goiás, bem como o caráter dessa doença e o perfil mais atingido. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa retrospectiva compreendendo o período de 2012 a 2021, com os casos notificados de leishmaniose visceral no Estado de Goiás. A busca pelos dados ocorreu por meio dos SINAN/DATASUS do Ministério da Saúde. Os dados encontrados foram tabulados e analisados por meio do programa Excel da Microsoft®. No período avaliado, foram notificados 388 casos de LV em Goiás, distribuídos em 47 municípios goianos. 66,23% das ocorrências pertenciam ao sexo masculino; 25,51% eram adultos com idade entre 20- 39 anos; 74,48% eram moradores da zona urbana; além disso, 9,27% do total de casos notificados em Goiás evoluíram para óbito. Há ainda uma a taxa de coinfecção LV/HIV de 12,11% do total de casos notificados. Constatou-se, portanto, que algumas localidades possuem registros consequentes de LV, levando a existência de áreas endêmicas no estado. Existe um perfil de acometimento em Goiás, no período de análise, direcionado para o sexo masculino, de cor parda, jovens adultos, com baixa escolaridade, vivendo nas cidades e grandes centros urbanos. Destaca-se o elevado quantitativo de dados identificados como ignorado/branco, que podem interferir significativmente em análises epidemiológicas.
Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is the most serious form of leishmaniasis because it is a systemic disease with a wide clinical spectrum and an irregular character. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the epidemiological situation of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Goiás, as well as the character of this disease and the most affected profile. For this, a retrospective survey was carried out covering the period from 2012 to 2021, with reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Goiás. The search for data took place through the SINAN/DATASUS of the Ministry of Health. The data found were tabulated and analyzed using the Microsoft® Excel program. In the period evaluated, 388 cases of VL were reported in Goiás, distributed in 47 munic- ipalities in Goiás. 66.23% of the occurrences were male; 25.51% were adults aged be- tween 20-39 years; 74.48% were residents of the urban area; in addition, 9.27% of the total cases reported in Goiás evolved to death. There is also a LV/HIV co-infection rate of 12.11% of the total reported cases. It was found, therefore, that some localities have consequent records of VL, leading to the existence of endemic areas in the state. There is a profile of involvement directed towards males, of mixed race, young adults, with low education, living in cities and large urban centers. The high quantity of data identified as ignored/white stands out, which can significantly interfere in epidemiological analyses. KEYWORDS: Epidemiology; Leishmania; Notification.
La leishmaniasis visceral, también conocida como kala-azar, es la forma más grave de leishmaniasis por tratarse de una enfermedad sistémica de amplio espectro clínico y carácter irregular. Así, el objetivo fue evaluar la situación epidemiológica de la leishmaniasis visceral en el Estado de Goiás, así como el carácter de esta enfermedad y el perfil más afectado. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta retrospectiva que abarcó el período de 2012 a 2021, con los casos notificados de leishmaniasis visceral en el Estado de Goiás. La búsqueda de datos se realizó a través del SINAN/DATASUS del Ministerio de Salud. Los datos encontrados fueron tabulados y analizados utilizando el programa Microsoft® Excel. En el período evaluado, fueron notificados 388 casos de LV en Goiás, distribuidos en 47 municipios de Goiás. 66,23% de las ocurrencias fueron del sexo masculino; 25,51% eran adultos con edad entre 20-39 años; 74,48% eran residentes del área urbana; además, 9,27% del total de casos notificados en Goiás evolucionaron a muerte. Existe también una tasa de coinfección LV/VIH de 12,11% del total de casos notificados. Se constató, por lo tanto, que algunas localidades tienen registros consecuentes de LV, llevando a la existencia de áreas endémicas en el estado. Existe un perfil de envolvimiento dirigido a hombres, mestizos, adultos jóvenes, con baja escolaridad, residentes en ciudades y grandes centros urbanos. Se destaca la elevada cantidad de datos identificados como ignorados/blancos, lo que puede interferir significativamente en los análisis epidemiológicos.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Notificação/estatística & dados numéricos , MorteRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: No specific therapy is available for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We investigated nicotinamide riboside (NR) and dietary restriction (DR) effects in liver lipids, inflammation, histology, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota in a cafeteria diet (CAFD)-induced obesity model. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to standard diet (SD) or CAFD. After 6 wk, they were subdivided into six groups-SD + vehicle (Veh) (distilled water), SD + NR (400 mg/kg), DR + Veh, DR + NR, CAFD + Veh, and CAFD + NR-for 4 wk more until euthanasia. RESULTS: CAFD increased the hepatic content of lipids, triacylglycerols, and total cholesterol and promoted hepatomegaly, steatosis, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis. DR intervention successfully delayed the onset of CAFD-induced liver abnormalities except for steatosis and fibrosis. CAFD suppressed Sirt1 expression in the liver and DR increased Sirt3 expression. CAFD did not affect hepatic inflammatory genes but DR enhanced Il10 expression while decreasing Il1ß expression. CAFD reduced Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria, with no changes in intestinal permeability. Gut microbiota patterns in animals exposed to DR were similar to those of animals in SD. NR, specifically in CAFD, reduced hepatic triacylglycerols and total cholesterol deposition and collagen fiber accumulation in the liver and limited the colonization of CAFD-induced Cyanobacteria. NR combined with DR decreased the liver's relative weight and Tnfα expression and suppressed Sirt1 and Sirt3 hepatic expression. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that NR can be a potential adjuvant to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease therapy, encouraging further research in this field.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Sirtuína 3 , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Sirtuína 3/metabolismo , Sirtuína 3/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Obesidade/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Dieta , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Colesterol , Lipídeos , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Dieta HiperlipídicaRESUMO
The implementation of new control strategies for Aedes aegypti (Ae. Aegpyti), a vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, requires communities to adopt specific behaviors to achieve the success of these innovations. AIM: We evaluated the effect of an educational intervention based on the Precede-Proceed Model (PPM) and the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DIT) for the control and prevention of diseases transmitted by Ae. aegypti through release of male mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria in a suburban town in Yucatan, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From July 2019 to February 2020, a quasi-experimental study was carried out through an educational intervention (pre- and post-measurements) using quantitative-qualitative techniques, in a Yucatan suburban town where male mosquitoes with Wolbachia were released for the suppression of Ae. aegypti populations. Eleven educational workshops were attended by heads of household (n = 19) and schoolchildren (n = 11). Other 136 heads of household not attending the workshops received information individually. RESULTS: The educational intervention had a significant effect on the mean scores of the contributing and behavioral factors for adoption of innovation (p < 0.05) in the pre- and post-intervention measurements. CONCLUSION: Innovative methods for the control and prevention of diseases related to Aedes aegypti can be strengthened through educational interventions supported by sound methodologies. DESCRIPTORS: Community health education, Aedes aegypti, Wolbachia, Mexico.
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Aedes , Wolbachia , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Aedes/microbiologia , México , Mosquitos Vetores/microbiologia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a clinical condition without any approved pharmacological therapy. Probiotics are often indicated for the disease, but their results are controversial in part due to the poor quality of studies. Thus, we investigated the impact of 24-week probiotics supplementation on cardiovascular risk (CVR) in biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study (NCT03467282), adult NASH, randomized for 24 weeks daily sachets of probiotic mix (109CFU of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium lactis) or placebo. Clinical scores (atherogenic indexes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-ASCVD and systematic coronary risk evaluation-SCORE), biochemistry, miR-122, miR-33a, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), were determined before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were enrolled (23 received probiotics and 23 placebo), with a mean age of 51.7 years, most of them females and whites. Clinical and demographic features were similar between the groups at the baseline. The Median NAFLD activity score was 4.13 in both groups. Fibrosis was mild in most patients (15.2% and 65.2% F0 and F1, respectively). Treatment did not promote any clinically significant changes in body mass index or laboratory, including lipid and glucose profile. High CVR patients through atherogenic indexes decreased from baseline in both groups, as well as PAI-1 and miR-122 levels, although there was no difference between probiotics and placebo. CONCLUSIONS: A 24-week probiotic mix administration was not superior to placebo in reducing CVR markers in patients with NASH.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , MicroRNAs , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Probióticos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/terapia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/análise , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores de Risco , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the main cause of death in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a clinical condition without any approved pharmacological therapy. Thus, we investigated the effects of ornithine aspartate (LOLA) and/or Vitamin E (VitE) on CV parameters in a steatohepatitis experimental model. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned (10 animals each) and treated from 16 to 28 weeks with gavage as follows: controls (standard diet plus distilled water (DW)), NAFLD (high-fat choline-deficient diet (HFCD) plus DW), NAFLD+LOLA (HFCD plus LOLA (200 mg/kg/day)), NAFLD+VitE (HFCD plus VitE (150 mg twice a week)) or NAFLD+LOLA+VitE in the same doses. Atherogenic ratios were higher in NAFLD when compared with NAFLD+LOLA+VitE and controls (p < 0.05). Serum concentration of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, e-selectin, ICAM-1, and PAI-1 were not different in intervention groups and controls (p > 0.05). NAFLD+LOLA decreased miR-122, miR-33a, and miR-186 (p < 0.05, for all) in relation to NAFLD. NAFLD+LOLA+VitE decreased miR-122, miR-33a and miR-186, and increased miR-126 (p < 0.05, for all) in comparison to NAFLD and NAFLD+VitE. NAFLD+LOLA and NAFLD+LOLA+VitE prevented liver collagen deposition (p = 0.006) in comparison to NAFLD. Normal cardiac fibers (size and shape) were lower in NAFLD in relation to the others; and the inverse was reported for the percentage of regular hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. NAFLD+LOLA+VitE promoted a significant improvement in atherogenic dyslipidemia, liver fibrosis, and paracrine signaling of lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction. This association should be further explored in the treatment of NAFLD-associated CV risk factors.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Dipeptídeos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Vitamina E , Animais , Ratos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Risco , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dipeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia CombinadaRESUMO
Centipedes are venomous arthropods that have an elongated body, divided into many segments, presenting a pair of legs in each segment, adapted pairs of paws that simulate fangs and inject venom causing intense pain, with local erythema and edema, and rarely, blisters and skin necrosis. We present the case of a young woman pricked on her upper lip with intense swelling and local pain and discuss the real danger of envenomation and the therapeutic measures that should be taken.
Assuntos
Venenos de Artrópodes , Artrópodes , Animais , Vesícula , Quilópodes , Feminino , Humanos , Dor , PeleRESUMO
The severity of SARS-CoV2 infection, Covid19 disease, should account for the diversity of human individual immu-noinflammatory responses. Serum immunological markers during Covid19 illness may lead to individualized thera-peutics with better outcomes. Efficient treatment for Covid19 may require: 1) early disease detection, 2) combined drug therapy for 3) targeting the virus replication cycle, and 4) individualized drug treatment for specific immu-noinflammatory human profile responses administered in a 5) timely manner. Covid19 is unlikely to be the last emergent human disease with fast pandemic potential. Gathering knowledge on the individual human host profiles of immunoinflammatory responses is an opportunity that could lead us to understand individual differences in re-sponse to infection at the individual and population level, paving the way to faster, more efficient strategies to tack-le upcoming infectious diseases. This is a position paper based on an integrative non-exhaustive literature revision (AU)
A diversidade das respostas imunoinflamatórias individuais humanas muito provavelmente tem papel na gravidade da doença Covid19 causada pela infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV2. Marcadores imunológicos séricos durante a Covid19 po-dem guiar a escolha de terapias individualizadas com melhores resultados. O tratamento eficiente para Covid19 pode exigir: 1) detecção precoce da doença, 2) terapia medicamentosa combinada com alvo ao 3) ciclo de replicação do ví-rus e 4) terapia anti-inflamatória individualizada para perfis de respostas imunoinflamatórias humanas, administradas em tempo hábil. É improvável que a Covid19 seja a última doença humana emergente com potencial de alastramento veloz pandêmico. Reunir conhecimento sobre perfis de respostas imunoinflamatórias individuais dos hospedeiros humanos é uma oportunidade ímpar que pode nos levar a entender as diferenças dessas respostas entre indivíduos, abrindo caminho para estratégias terapêuticas mais rápidas e eficientes no combate à futuras epidemias (AU)
Assuntos
Resultado do Tratamento , Ensaio , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , COVID-19/terapia , ImunidadeRESUMO
O adoecimento provoca uma desorganização na vida do sujeito, gerando transformações para além do comprometimento orgânico. Diante disso, a Psicologia Hospitalar torna-se essencial para o desenvolvimento de ações de cuidado em saúde mental. Apesar de quase 20 anos de regulamentação, ainda há dificuldade na compreensão do papel deste profissional e discrepância entre sua prática e a expectativa que usuários e equipe possuem. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção de pacientes, familiares e profissionais de um hospital geral do sudoeste baiano sobre a atuação da Psicologia no contexto hospitalar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo análise documental. Os dados foram coletados através de um cartaz disponibilizado no corredor principal do hospital contendo uma pergunta mobilizadora, no intuito de que os transeuntes pudessem expor sua opinião. Foram registradas 87 respostas, agrupadas em 5 categorias, sendo elas 1) ações e intervenções atribuídas à psicologia; 2) reconhecimento e valorização do serviço; 3) ineficácia e desconhecimento do serviço no hospital; 4) religiosidade; 5) outras respostas não relacionadas a pergunta. A interpretação dos dados foi mediante a análise de conteúdo. Concluiu-se que há algum nível de compreensão acercado papel da Psicologia hospitalar, embora existam limitações significativas que precisam ser trabalhadas.(AU)
The illness causes a disorganization in the subject's life, generating transformations beyond the organic commitment. Therefore, Hospital Psychology becomes essential for the development of mental health care actions. Despite almost 20 years of regulation,there is still difficulty in understanding the role of this professional and discrepancy between his practice and the expectations that users and staff have. The present work had as objective to know the perception of patients, relatives and professionalsof a general hospital in the southwest of Bahia about the performance of Psychology in the hospital context. It is a qualitative research of the documentary analysis type. The data were collected through a poster available in the main corridor of the hospital containing a mobilizing question, so that passers-by could express their opinion. 87 responses were recorded, grouped into 5 categories, 1) actions and interventions attributed to psychology; 2) recognition and appreciation of the service; 3) inefficiency and ignorance of the service in the hospital; 4) religiosity; 5)other answers unrelated to the question. Data interpretation was performed through content analysis. It was concluded that there is some level of understanding about the role of hospital psychology, although there are significant limitations that need to be addressed.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Assistência Hospitalar , Encenação , Percepção , Psicologia , Saúde Mental , PsicologiaRESUMO
The valgus deformity in the tibia requires correction because it places increased pressure on the lateral compartment of the knee, intensifying the degenerative process. Correction strategies are diverse and depend on patient profile, age, and soft-tissue conditions as well as the orthopaedic surgeon's experience with different surgical materials. Deformity size and location are the primary factors contributing to material and shape choice, whether gradual or acute. The only gradual correction approach involves the use of a monolateral or circular external fixator. This is the only indication for correction in cases of excellent deformity, soft-tissue involvement, and a history of bone infection. This study aimed to present a gradual correction technique for tibial valgus deformity using a monolateral external fixator as well as its postoperative follow-up. This technique has the advantages of greater patient acceptance, lighter assembly, and briefer distraction owing to the use of a single piece as well as the ability of the operated limb to bear a load the day after the surgical procedure and dynamic outpatient follow-up.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Centipedes are venomous arthropods that have an elongated body, divided into many segments, presenting a pair of legs in each segment, adapted pairs of paws that simulate fangs and inject venom causing intense pain, with local erythema and edema, and rarely, blisters and skin necrosis. We present the case of a young woman pricked on her upper lip with intense swelling and local pain and discuss the real danger of envenomation and the therapeutic measures that should be taken.
RESUMO
Obesity is key to liver steatosis development and progression. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for eating disorders management but was not yet evaluated in steatosis. This study investigated tDCS' effects on liver steatosis and inflammation in an experimental obesity model. Male Wistar rats (60 days-old) were randomly allocated (n = 10/group) as follows: standard-diet/sham tDCS (SDS), standard-diet/tDCS (SDT), hypercaloric-cafeteria-diet/sham tDCS (HDS), and hypercaloric-cafeteria-diet/tDCS (HDT). After 40 days of diet, animals received active or sham tDCS for eight days and were euthanized for liver fat deposition and inflammation analysis. HDS and HDT animals showed cumulative food consumption, total liver lipid deposits, IL-1ß, TNF-α levels, IL-1ß/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios significantly higher than the SDS and SDT groups (p < 0.001 for all parameters). tDCS (SDT and HDT) reduced liver lipid deposits (0.7 times for both, p < 0.05), IL-1ß (0.7 times and 0.9 times, respectively, p < 0.05) and IL-1ß/IL-10 index (0.6 times and 0.8 times, respectively, p < 0.05) in relation to sham (SDS and HDS). There was an interaction effect on the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (p < 0.05). tDCS reduced 0.8 times the average liver triglyceride concentration in the HDT vs. HDS group (p < 0.05). In this obesity model, tDCS significantly decreased liver steatosis and hepatic inflammation. These results may justify looking into tDCS utility for human steatosis.