RESUMEN

This study isolated a novel peptide MMGGED with strong calcium-binding capacity from defatted walnut meal and synthesized a novel peptide­calcium chelate COS-MMGGED-Ca with high stability via glycation. Structural characterization and computer simulation identified binding sites, while in vitro digestion stability and calcium transport experiments explored the chelate's properties. Results showed that after glycation, COS-MMGGED bound Ca2+ with 88.75 ± 1.75 %, mainly via aspartic and glutamic acids. COS-MMGGED-Ca released Ca2+ steadily (60.27 %), with thermal denaturation temperature increased by 18 °C and 37 °C compared to MMGGED-Ca, indicating good processing performance. Furthermore, COS-MMGGED significantly enhanced Ca2+ transport across Caco-2 monolayers, 1.13-fold and 1.62-fold higher than CaCl2 and MMGGED, respectively, at 240 h. These findings prove glycation enhances structural properties, stability, calcium loading, and transport of peptide­calcium chelates, providing a scientific basis for developing novel efficient calcium supplements and high-value utilization of walnut meal.

Asunto(s)

Calcio , Juglans , Péptidos , Juglans/química , Humanos , Calcio/química , Calcio/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/metabolismo , Glicosilación , Quelantes del Calcio/química

RESUMEN

Gelatin have excellent film-forming and barrier properties, but its lack of biological activity limits its application in packaging. In this study, fish gelatin incorporated with apple polyphenol/cumin essential oil composite films were successfully prepared by melt extrusion. The cross-linking existed in gelatin and apple polyphenol improved the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of the film. The synergistic effect of apple polyphenols and cumin essential oil decreased the sensitivity of the film to water, especially the water solubility decreased from 41.60 % to 26.07 %. The plasticization of essential oil nearly doubled the elongation at break while maintaining the tensile strength of the film (11.45 MPa). Furthermore, the FG-CEO-AP film can inhibit peroxide value to extend the shelf life about 20 days in the walnut oil preservation. In summary, the apple polyphenol/cumin essential oil of FG film exhibits excellent comprehensive properties and high preparation efficiency for utilization as an active packaging material.

Asunto(s)

Embalaje de Alimentos , Gelatina , Juglans , Aceites de Plantas , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Gelatina/química , Juglans/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Resistencia a la Tracción , Malus/química , Solubilidad

RESUMEN

Metal oxide nanoparticles(NPs) contain unique properties which have made them attractive agents in cancer treatment. The CuO nanoparticles were green synthesized using walnut shell powder in different calcination temperatures (400°, 500°, 700°, and 900 °C). The CuO nanoparticles are characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM and DLS analyses. SEM and DLS analyses showed that by increasing the required calcination temperature for synthesizing the NPs, their size was increased. DPPH analysis displayed no significant anti-oxidative properties of the CuO NPs. The MTT analysis showed that all synthesized CuO NPs exhibited cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, HCT-116, and HEK-293 cell lines. Among the CuO NPs, the CuO-900 NPs showed the least cytotoxic effect on the HEK-293 cell line (IC50 = 330.8 µg/ml). Hoechst staining and real-time analysis suggested that the CuO-900 NPs induced apoptosis by elevation of p53 and Bax genes expression levels. Also, the CuO-900 NPs increased the Nrf-2 gene expression level in MCF-7 cells, despite the HCT-116 cells. As can be concluded from the results, the CuO-900 NPs exerted promising cytotoxic effects on breast and colon cancer cells.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Apoptosis , Neoplasias de la Mama , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Cobre , Tecnología Química Verde , Juglans , Nanopartículas del Metal , Humanos , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacología , Juglans/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Células MCF-7 , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Células HCT116 , Femenino , Células HEK293 , Tamaño de la Partícula , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Walnut is an oilseed tree species and an ecologically important woody tree species that is rich in oil and nutrients. In light of differences in the lipid content, fatty acid composition and key genes expression patterns in different walnut varieties, the key gene regulatory networks for lipid biosynthesis in different varieties of walnuts were intensively investigated. RESULTS: The kernels of two walnut varieties, 'Xilin 3' (X3) and 'Xiangling' (XL) were sampled at 60, 90, and 120 days post-anthesis (DPA) to construct 18 cDNA libraries, and the candidate genes related to oil synthesis were identified via sequencing and expression analysis. A total of 106 differentially expressed genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, triglyceride assembly, and oil body storage were selected from the transcriptomes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), correlation analysis and quantitative validation confirmed the key role of the FAD3 (109002248) gene in lipid synthesis in different varieties. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide valuable resources for future investigations and new insights into genes related to oil accumulation and lipid metabolism in walnut seed kernels. The findings will also aid future molecular studies and ongoing efforts to genetically improve walnut.

Asunto(s)

Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Juglans , Semillas , Juglans/genética , Juglans/metabolismo , Juglans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/genética , Semillas/metabolismo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Transcriptoma , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Lípidos/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Nueces/genética , Nueces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nueces/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes

RESUMEN

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal pathogen for the devastating walnuts anthracnose. A novel quinone inside inhibitor (QiI) fungicide florylpicoxamid has strong inhibitory efficacy against C. gloeosporioides. This study looked into the resistance risk and mechanism of C. gloeosporioides to florylpicoxamid. The basal level sensitivity of C. gloeosporioides isolates (n = 102) to florylpicoxamid was established with an average 50% mycelial growth inhibition concentration (EC50) value of 0.069 ± 0.035 µg/mL. Six stable florylpicoxamid-resistant mutants with resistance factors of >1000 were produced. The fitness of every mutant was much lower than that of their parental isolates. In general, the resistance risk of C. gloeosporioides to florylpicoxamid would be moderate. Molecular docking results revealed that the amino acid substitutions A37V, and S207L in CgCytb lead to a reduction in the binding affinity between florylpicoxamid and CgCytb, indicating that these two mutations (S207L and A37V in CgCytb) indeed confer florylpicoxamid resistance in C. gloeosporioides. These findings offer a fresh viewpoint on the mechanism underlying QiI fungicide resistance and could support the prudent application of florylpicoxamid in the future to combat walnut anthracnose.

Asunto(s)

Colletotrichum , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Fungicidas Industriales , Juglans , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Colletotrichum/efectos de los fármacos , Colletotrichum/genética , Juglans/microbiología , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Mutación , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Pueblos del Este de Asia

RESUMEN

A nutritional approach could be a promising strategy to prevent or decrease the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuroprotective role of walnut oil (WO) was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster treated with rotenone (Rot), as a PD model, WO, or their combination, and compared to controls. WO reduced mortality and improved locomotor activity impairment after 3 and 7 days, induced by Rot. LC-MS analyses of fatty acid levels in Drosophila heads showed a significant increase in linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) both in flies fed with the WO-enriched diet and in those treated with the association of WO with Rot. Flies supplemented with the WO diet showed an increase in brain dopamine (DA) level, while Rot treatment significantly depleted dopamine content; conversely, the association of Rot with WO did not modify DA content compared to controls. The greater intake of ALA and LA in the enriched diet enhanced their levels in Drosophila brain, suggesting a neuroprotective role of polyunsaturated fatty acids against Rot-induced neurotoxicity. The involvement of the dopaminergic system in the improvement of behavioral and biochemical parameters in Drosophila fed with WO is also suggested.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Drosophila melanogaster , Juglans , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Aceites de Plantas , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Juglans/química , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Dopamina/metabolismo , Rotenona , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología

RESUMEN

Pollination is the first step in the plant's fruit development. Therefore, fruit setting does not occur without pollination. Some problems encountered in natural pollination cause pollination not to be achieved as desired and cause significant losses in yield and fruit quality. Artificial pollination applications with drones are the best way to solve these problems. In this study, the AirPoll artificial pollination machine, which performs artificial pollination through the air using drone technology, was developed and the operating success of the machine was tested in walnut gardens. In the experiment gardens, female flowers on 18 branches of 5 trees each in the artificially pollinated area with a drone and in the control area were marked with colored strings. Control trees were selected from a distance that would not be possible to transport pollen with a drone. As a result of the study carried out in 2020 and 2021, the average fruit setting rate in trees pollinated by drone was determined as 94.61%. In control trees, 32.33% fruit setting was achieved. Thus, it was determined that the productivity increase in artificial pollination with AirPoll was 62.28%. In addition, in the study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis was performed using ANSYS Fluent 2024 R1 software to predict the downward air flow and pollen distribution in the walnut tree crown. The analysis was carried out in 680 iterations using drone propellers at a rotation speed of 4500 rpm, 4 m/s airflow and a k-w viscous model. In the analysis, it was observed that the pollen was distributed homogeneously with the determined height and the created artificial pollination environment. Based on the results obtained from the simulations, a convergence criterion of 5e-3 for continuity and 1e-6 for speed, k, w was determined. Considering all the results, the ease of use of the developed AirPoll artificial pollination machine and the successful results obtained in field trials reveal the effectiveness of the AirPoll artificial pollination machine.

Asunto(s)

Juglans , Polinización , Juglans/fisiología , Árboles , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Polen , Flores

RESUMEN

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) have shown promising effects in terms of ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), attributed to their abundant bioactive compounds. This review comprehensively illustrates the key mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of walnuts in IBD management, including the modulation of intestinal mucosa permeability, the regulation of inflammatory pathways (such as NF-kB, COX/COX2, MAPCK/MAPK, and iNOS/NOS), relieving oxidative stress, and the modulation of gut microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight walnut-derived anti-inflammatory compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; e.g., ω-3 PUFA), tocopherols, phytosterols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. We also discuss unique anti-inflammatory compounds such as peptides and polysaccharides, including their extraction and preparation methods. Our review provides a theoretical foundation for dietary walnut supplementation in IBD management and provides guidance for academia and industry. In future, research should focus on the targeted isolation and purification of walnut-derived anti-inflammatory compounds or optimizing extraction methods to enhance their yields, thereby helping the food industry to develop dietary supplements or walnut-derived functional foods tailored for IBD patients.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Juglans , Nueces , Juglans/química , Humanos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Nueces/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Animales , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos

RESUMEN

Walnut shells, often discarded as waste, hold hidden potential as a source of ellagitannins (ETs), compounds known for their promising antioxidant properties and health benefits. This study employed reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled with Orbitrap-based high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) via electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative polarity to investigate the ET profile in extracts of dried powdered walnut shells. Several compounds belonging to various ET families were successfully identified as deprotonated molecules ([M - H]-) and characterized, including mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentagalloyl glucopyranoses, as well as ETs containing the hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) group. Characteristic product ions were identified in HR tandem MS spectra and employed to recognize the ET landscape. Analysis revealed a complex picture with more than 10 isomers identified in some cases. However, the structural similarity and limitations in MS/MS data hindered the definitive identification of all isomers. Characterization of ETs featuring HHDP groups also remained challenging. Despite these restraints, the estimated total content of ETs suggests potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries of those extracts. These findings indicate that walnut shells can be considered a sustainable source of health-promoting compounds, contributing to a greener economy.

Asunto(s)

Taninos Hidrolizables , Juglans , Nueces , Extractos Vegetales , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/análisis , Juglans/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Nueces/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Residuos/análisis , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

Botryosphaeriaceae species are the major causal agents of walnut dieback worldwide, along with Diaporthe species. Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum are the only two Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with this recently emergent disease in France, and little is known about their diversity, structure, origin and dispersion in French walnut orchards. A total of 381 isolates of both species were genetically typed using a sequence-based microsatellite genotyping (SSR-seq) method. This analysis revealed a low genetic diversity and a high clonality of these populations, in agreement with their clonal mode of reproduction. The genetic similarity among populations, regardless of the tissue type and the presence of symptoms, supports the hypothesis that these pathogens can move between fruits and twigs and display latent pathogen lifestyles. Contrasting genetic patterns between N. parvum populations from Californian and Spanish walnut orchards and the French ones suggested no conclusive evidence for pathogen transmission from infected materials. The high genetic similarity with French vineyards populations suggested instead putative transmission between these hosts, which was also observed with B. dothidea populations. Overall, this study provides critical insight into the epidemiology of two important pathogens involved in the emerging dieback of French walnut orchards, including their distribution, potential to mate, putative origin and disease pathways.

Asunto(s)

Ascomicetos , Variación Genética , Juglans , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Juglans/microbiología , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/clasificación , Francia , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Genotipo

RESUMEN

Peroxidases have received considerable attention as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalyst for bioremediation. Their rapid activity loss under harsh environmental conditions and inability to be used repetitively limit their exploitation in real-world wastewater treatment. First, a peroxidase was produced extracellularly by Bacillus mojavensis TH309 and purified 8.12-fold with a final yield of 47.10 % using Sephadex G-100 superfine resin. The pure peroxidase (BmPer) possessed a relatively low molecular weight of ∼21 kDa and was active against L-DOPA on acrylamide gel after electrophoresis. BmPer was immobilized by adsorption functionalized walnut shell hydrochar (WsH) with 61.99 ± 1.34 % efficiency and 37.07 ± 4.16 % activity loss. BmPer and its immobilized form (WsH-BmPer) exhibited maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 9. WsH-BmPer exhibited 3.23-, 2.37-, 1.65-, and 2.25-fold longer half-life than BmPer at 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, respectively. Immobilization significantly enhanced the stability of the enzyme under acidic conditions. BmPer and WsH-BmPer showed maximal activity in the presence of 1 % salt and retained more than 85 % of their activity even after pre-incubation with 2.5 M salt for 60 min at 50 °C. Their catalytic efficiency was significantly stimulated by pre-incubation with Triton X-100 (1 mM), Tween20 (1 mM), and Mg2+ (1 and 10 mM). Immobilization strongly reduced the loss of activity caused by inhibitors including Ba2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+. Moreover, both forms of the enzyme were compatible with solvents. The Michaelis constant (Km) values of BmPer and WsH-BmPer were 0.88 and 2.66 mM for 2,4 DCP, respectively. WsH-BmPer peroxidase maintained about 82 % and 85 % of its activity when stored at 4 °C for 30 days and reused for up to 10 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, it decolorized Cibacron red (CR), Poly R-478 (PR), Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), and Methyl red (MR) dyes by 60.13 %, 91.34 %, 86.41 %, and 50.51 % within 60 min, respectively.

Asunto(s)

Bacillus , Colorantes , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Enzimas Inmovilizadas , Juglans , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/química , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/metabolismo , Juglans/química , Colorantes/química , Bacillus/enzimología , Peroxidasa/química , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Temperatura , Cinética , Biodegradación Ambiental , Carbón Orgánico/química

RESUMEN

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity drives walnut fruit browning, but the roles of its only two-family genes, JrPPO1 and JrPPO2, remain unclear. This study explores the spatiotemporal expression and enzymatic characteristics of JrPPO1 and JrPPO2 in walnut. Treatment with the PPO activator CuSO4 and H2O2 accelerated fruit browning and up-regulated JrPPO1/2 expression, whereas treatment with the PPO inhibitor ascorbic acid delayed browning, down-regulating JrPPO1 and up-regulating JrPPO2 expression. Compared to mJrPPO1, mJrPPO2 can exhibited better enzyme activity at higher temperatures (47 °C) and in more acidic environments (pH 4.25). mJrPPO2 exhibited a higher substrate specificity over mJrPPO1, and the preferred substrates are catechol, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin. Additionally, mJrPPO2 adapted better to low concentration of oxygen (as low as 1.0% O2) and slightly elevated CO2 levels compared to mJrPPO1. Subcellular localization and spatiotemporal expression patterns showed that JrPPO1 is only expressed in green tissues and located in chloroplasts, while JrPPO2 is also located in chloroplasts, partly associated with membranes, and is expressed in both green and non-green tissues. Silencing JrPPO1/2 with virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) reduced fruit browning, maintained higher total phenols, and decreased MDA production. Notably, silencing JrPPO1 had a greater impact on browning than JrPPO2, indicating JrPPO1's greater contribution to PPO activity and fruit browning in walnut fruits. Consequently, JrPPO1 can be effectively regulated both at the molecular level and by manipulating environmental conditions, to achieve the objective of controlling fruit browning.

Asunto(s)

Catecol Oxidasa , Frutas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Juglans , Proteínas de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Juglans/genética , Juglans/metabolismo , Catecol Oxidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The growing interest in paper-based materials for packaging is driven by their renewable and eco-friendly characteristics. However, their poor barrier performance against water, oil, and gas limits their application in the food packaging industry. In this study, we developed a simple dual-layer coating method to create water- and oil-repellent, gas barrier, antioxidant, and antibacterial paper-based materials using naturally-derived materials, including chitosan (CS), ethyl cellulose (EC), and cascade biorefinery products from green walnut husk (GWHE and CNC). The bottom CS/CNC oil-resistant coating and the top EC/GWHE water-resistant coating were applied to the paper surface. The synergistic effect of these coatings enhances the gas barrier and imparts functional properties to the paper. Compared to uncoated paper, the dual-layer-coated paper demonstrated a 239.1 % increase in tensile index, a higher kit rating value of 12/12, a lower Cobb 60 value of 3.21 mg/m2, a 44.0 % decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP), and a 90.7 % reduction in air permeability (AP). Additionally, this coated paper exhibited good antioxidant and antibacterial properties and favorable biodegradability. This study provides novel insights into the valorization of GWH waste and presents a sustainable strategy for producing high-performance paper-based materials for food packaging applications.

Asunto(s)

Celulosa , Quitosano , Embalaje de Alimentos , Juglans , Papel , Permeabilidad , Quitosano/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Juglans/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Vapor

RESUMEN

This study focuses on changes in the physiochemical properties of chitosan film when incorporated with a blend of essential oils of Tulsi and Ajwain. The essential oil blend-loaded films showed a decrement in transparency. Tulsi essential oil decreased the moisture content, swelling capacity, and water solubility. However, adding Ajwain along with Tulsi essential oil led to a significant increase in these properties. Meanwhile, the water vapor transmission rate didn't change significantly due to non-polar constituents in Tulsi essential oil, except when only Ajwain essential oil was present. The mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of films increased with the addition of Tulsi essential oil (14.95 MPa to 31.27 MPa) but decreased further with increasing Ajwain oil concentration in films (32.13 MPa to 15.89 MPa). On the other hand, an increment in percent elongation at break (8.26 % to 24.02 %) was observed due to the excellent plasticization effect of Ajwain essential oil. Antioxidant activity was observed for the Tulsi essential oil-containing films and increased significantly with adding Ajwain essential oil. Finally, walnuts were packed in the active film. The active film showed better antioxidant activity against the oxidation of oil in walnuts, which the FTIR of the packed product confirmed.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Quitosano , Juglans , Aceites Volátiles , Solubilidad , Quitosano/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Juglans/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Fenómenos Químicos , Resistencia a la Tracción , Vapor , Agua/química

RESUMEN

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract, whose exact cause remains unknown, and its prevalence is on the rise. This study investigated the effects of a walnut-derived peptide LPLLR (LP-5) on intestinal inflammation and metabolism in IBD mice. Metabolomics revealed that LP-5 regulated the levels of metabolites, such as thalsimidine, fumagillin, and geniposide, and LP-5 could regulate several signaling pathways, such as protein digestion and absorption, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. Additionally, LP-5 alleviated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by modulating autophagy and inflammasome pathways. Western blotting demonstrated that LP-5 reduced the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC and IL-1ß, and increased the expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I, corresponding to activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. These findings suggested that LP-5 activated autophagy in vivo to suppress inflammation and modulate metabolic substances, highlighting potential implications for gut health and the development of functional foods containing LP-5.

Asunto(s)

Colitis , Sulfato de Dextran , Juglans , Metabolómica , Animales , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/metabolismo , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Péptidos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Bioactive peptides, derived from short protein fragments, are recognized for their neuroprotective properties and potential therapeutic applications in treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, a significant challenge for these peptides is their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). EVSGPGYSPN (EV-10) peptide, a walnut-derived peptide, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective effects in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the transportability of EV-10 across the BBB, explore its capacity to penetrate this barrier, and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying peptide-induced cellular internalization and transport pathways within the BBB. The results indicated that at a concentration of 100 µM and osmotic time of 4 h, the apparent permeability coefficient of EV-10 was Papp = 8.52166 ± 0.58 × 10-6 cm/s. The penetration efficiency of EV-10 was influenced by time, concentration, and temperature. Utilizing Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, in conjunction with the caveolin (Cav)-specific inhibitor M-ß-CD, we confirmed that EV-10 undergoes transcellular transport through a Cav-dependent endocytosis pathway. Notably, the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 were not disrupted by EV-10. Throughout its transport, EV-10 was localized within the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, endosomes, and cell membranes. Moreover, Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the release of EV-10 from lysosomes. Evidence of EV-10 accumulation was observed in mouse brains using brain slice scans. This study is the first to demonstrate that Cav-1 can facilitate the targeted delivery of walnut-derived peptide to the brain, laying a foundation for the development of functional foods aimed at CNS disease intervention.

Asunto(s)

Barrera Hematoencefálica , Juglans , Péptidos , Juglans/química , Juglans/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/metabolismo , Péptidos/farmacología , Transporte Biológico , Caveolinas/metabolismo , Caveolinas/química , Humanos , Endocitosis , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Nueces/química , Nueces/metabolismo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to decribe the intoxication with tremorgenic mycotoxins subsequent to the ingestion of walnuts in a large population of dogs and the evaluation of the development of the clinical signs under the initiated treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 54 dogs exhibiting signs of tremor, hyperesthesia, hyperthermia and ataxia, in particular a few hours following observed ingestion of walnuts or its justified suspicion. RESULTS: The patients were presented to the clinic mostly during winter and spring. Fifty-three of 54 dogs were hospitalized for symptomatic, decontaminating and eliminating therapy (98%). Symptomatic treatment comprised of anticonvulsant therapy in 14 dogs (26%) and an antiemetic therapy in for half of the patients (n=27; 50%). A forced emesis for decontamination was undertaken in only 6 patients due to the severity of their neurological symptoms (11%). For further decontamination, an oral administration of activated charcoal after improvement of clinical signs (n=39; 72%). The majority of dogs (n=45; 83%) additionally received an intravenous lipid therapy for toxin elimination and isotonic crystalloid solution to compensate fluid losses. There were no side effects observed following the administration of intravenous lipid therapy. The majority of dogs were hospitalized for a duration of 2 days (n=44; 81%). In most dogs, examination was unremarkable on the day of their release (n=39; 72%). Potential long-term sequelae of the intoxication were not recorded in any patient. CONCLUSION: Due to the lipophilic nature of mycotoxins, the use of intravenous lipid therapy may considered for toxin elimination purposes. The prognosis of mycotoxin intoxication following walnut ingestion is good with decontamination and elimination measures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the case of unspecific neurological signs such as tremor, ataxia and hyperesthesia as well as a corresponding preliminary report, an intoxication with mycotoxin-containing walnuts should be considered.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros , Juglans , Micotoxinas , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/terapia , Enfermedades de los Perros/inducido químicamente , Estudios Retrospectivos , Micotoxinas/envenenamiento , Micotoxinas/toxicidad , Temblor/veterinaria , Temblor/inducido químicamente , Temblor/terapia , Masculino , Femenino

RESUMEN

The health benefits of nut consumption have been extensively demonstrated in observational studies and intervention trials. Besides the high nutritional value, countless evidences show that incorporating nuts into the diet may contribute to health promotion and prevention of certain diseases. Such benefits have been mostly and certainly attributed not only to their richness in healthy lipids (plentiful in unsaturated fatty acids), but also to the presence of a vast array of phytochemicals, such as polar lipids, squalene, phytosterols, tocochromanols, and polyphenolic compounds. Thus, many nut chemical compounds apply well to the designation "nutraceuticals," a broad umbrella term used to describe any food component that, in addition to the basic nutritional value, can contribute extra health benefits. This contribution analyses the general chemical profile of groundnut and common tree nuts (almond, walnut, cashew, hazelnut, pistachio, macadamia, pecan), focusing on lipid components and phytochemicals, with a view on their bioactive properties. Relevant scientific literature linking consumption of nuts, and/or some of their components, with ameliorative and/or preventive effects on selected diseases - such as cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies - was also reviewed. In addition, the bioactive properties were analyzed in the light of known mechanistic frameworks.

Asunto(s)

Suplementos Dietéticos , Juglans , Nueces , Fitoquímicos , Pistacia , Nueces/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Humanos , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Juglans/química , Pistacia/química , Lípidos/análisis , Valor Nutritivo , Anacardium/química , Macadamia/química , Corylus/química , Fitosteroles/análisis , Carya/química , Prunus dulcis/química , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control

RESUMEN

There has been limited research on external browning (EB) of walnut. This work discovered 1888 metabolites and 34 anthocyanins in walnut pellicles (WPs) after three drying methods using widely-targeted and anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics. Based on OPLS-DA and correlation analysis, 64 temperature-responsive metabolites (TRMs; 13 anthocyanins and 51 flavonoids) were identified as critical components in relation to EB. Notably, 14 flavonoids exhibited a strong positive correlation (r > 0.9) with the browning index (BI), with upregulation of >60% after browning. Most of the identified anthocyanins were negatively linked with BI because of degradation (>45%), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.97. Furthermore, anthocyanidin reductase and laccase were the two key enzymes involved in the EB of WPs, with their activities increasing by 10.57-fold and 1.32-fold, respectively, with increasing drying temperature. A metabolic pathway network of the TRM was built to provide insights into the potential mechanisms underlying EB in WPs.

Asunto(s)

Antocianinas , Juglans , Metabolómica , Juglans/química , Juglans/metabolismo , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Antocianinas/química , Desecación , Reacción de Maillard , Semillas/química , Semillas/metabolismo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nueces/química , Nueces/metabolismo , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Flavonoides/química

RESUMEN

In this paper, the size-controllable nano­silver particles (AgNPs) were synthesized from walnut green husk polysaccharide, and its cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity were evaluated. Firstly, acidic polysaccharide WGHP2 was extracted from walnut green husk, and then the silver ion in AgNO3 was reduced in WGHP2 aqueous solution using NaBH4, so as to synthesize the nano­silver composite. The nano­silver composite was characterized by transmission electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that AgNPs stabilized by WGHP2 are mainly regular spheres with an average particle size distribution of 15.04-19.23 nm. The particle size distribution and morphology of AgNPs changed with the concentration of silver precursor, which is related to the dispersion of silver precursor in polysaccharide aqueous solution and the formation of AgO coordination bond between silver precursor and polysaccharide molecules. These coordination bonds changed the ability of nanoparticles to produce and release Ag+, and thus regulated their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity, as evidenced by the experimental result of the cytotoxicity of the nano­silver particle against PC12 cells and the bacteriostatic effect on E.coli and S.aureus. Conclusively, WGHP2-Ag has good stability, antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli , Juglans , Nanopartículas del Metal , Polisacáridos , Plata , Plata/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Juglans/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Animales , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Células PC12 , Tamaño de la Partícula