RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Several studies have assessed and validated the impact of exoskeletons on back and shoulder muscle activation; however, limited research has explored the role that exoskeletons could play in mitigating lower arm-related disorders. This study assessed the impact of Ironhand, an active hand exoskeleton (H-EXO) designed to reduce grip force exertion, on worker exertion levels using a two-phase experimental design. METHOD: Ten male participants performed a controlled, simulated drilling activity, while three male participants completed an uncontrolled concrete demolition activity. The impact of the exoskeleton was assessed in terms of muscle activity across three different muscles using electromyography (EMG), perceived exertion, and perceived effectiveness. RESULTS: Results indicate that peak muscle activation decreased across the target muscle group when the H-EXO was used, with the greatest reduction (27%) observed in the Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR). Using the exoskeleton in controlled conditions did not significantly influence perceived exertion levels. Users indicated that the H-EXO was a valuable technology and expressed willingness to use it for future tasks. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showcases how glove-based exoskeletons can potentially reduce wrist-related disorders, thereby improving safety and productivity among workers. Future work should assess the impact of the H-EXO in various tasks, different work environments and configurations, and among diverse user groups.
Asunto(s)
Electromiografía , Dispositivo Exoesqueleto , Mano , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto , Mano/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Industria de la Construcción/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Background: Firefighters have lower levels of physical activity while on call. It is critical to understand the impact of firefighters' physical activity on arterial stiffness. This study classified groups by physical activity level and combined peripheral vascular monitor measurement to explore the relationships between the level of physical activity and cardiovascular (CV) risk and physical fitness (PF) of firefighters, as well as the acute response to arterial stiffness (AS) following maximal aerobic exercise test (MAET) intervention. Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to classify the participants into 3 groups: low, moderate, and high level of physical activity group, respectively. A total of 36 participants were recruited, 12 in each group. Participants were assessed for body composition, rest brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), handgrip strength (HGS), maximal oxygen uptake (VÌO2max), and MAET baPWV. Results: In the three groups, significant differences were observed in VÌO2max, HGS, relative fat mass (%FM), body mass index (BMI), muscle mass ratio (MMR), and Rest baPWV (p < 0.05). After maximal aerobic exercise, the MAET baPWV values decreased significantly in all groups (all p < 0.001). Rest baPWV was significantly correlated with firefighters' age, seniority, metabolic equivalents (METs), height and muscle mass (MM) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Firefighters with high levels of physical activity had better body composition and physical fitness and lower Rest baPWV. In all three groups, baPWV was lower after the MAET than before it. Therefore, regardless of a firefighter's level of physical activity, high-intensity aerobic exercise may have a beneficial effect on arterial stiffness.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Bomberos , Aptitud Física , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Rigidez Vascular/fisiología , Masculino , Adulto , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Prueba de Esfuerzo/métodos , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Índice Tobillo Braquial , Femenino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between anemia and basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older female patients. METHODS: 540 older female outpatients were included in this cross-sectional study. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin below 12 g/dL. Patients' demographic characteristics, comorbidities, Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were also recorded. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured with a hand dynamometer to detect dynapenia. Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires were used to evaluate functional capacity. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 77.42 ± 7.42 years. The prevalence of patients with anemia was 35%. A significant difference was observed between anemic and non-anemic groups in terms of age, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), malnutrition, dynapenia, and MMSE, BADL and IADL scores (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, DM, hypertension, CAD and CKD; there were significant associations between anemia and reduced BADL/IADL scores, dynapenia, falls, the risk of falls, MMSE, and malnutrition (p < 0.05). After adjusting for all confounding variables, deterioration in total BADL and IADL total scores were still more common among anemic older females than those without anemia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: One out of every three older women presenting at one outpatient clinic were anemic. Anemia was observed to be associated with dependence in both BADL and IADL measures. Therefore, the presence of anemia in elderly women should be routinely checked, and possible causes should be investigated and treated to improve their functional capacity.
Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Anemia , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Anemia/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Prematurity is associated with lower exercise capacity, which relies on the integrity of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and skeletal muscle systems. Our animal model mimicking prematurity-associated conditions showed altered muscle composition and atrophy in adulthood. This study aimed to compare muscle composition and strength in adults born preterm versus full-term controls. This observational cohort study recruited 55 adults born preterm, ≤ 29 weeks' of gestation and 53 full-term controls who underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging to assess morphology of the rectus femoris at rest and during a maximal voluntary contraction. Maximal voluntary contraction of the hands and legs were measured by manual dynamometry. In adults born preterm, there was lower muscle strength (handgrip: - 4.8 kg, 95% CI - 9.1, - 0.6; knee extensor: - 44.6 N/m, 95% CI - 63.4, - 25.8) and smaller muscle area (- 130 mm2, 95% CI - 207, - 53), which was more pronounced with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Muscle stiffness was increased in the preterm versus term group (0.4 m/s, 95% CI 0.04, 0.7). Prematurity is associated with alterations in skeletal muscle composition, area, and function in adulthood. These findings highlight the necessity to implement preventive and/or curative approaches to improve muscle development and function following preterm birth to enhance overall health in this population.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Recien Nacido Prematuro/fisiología , Recién Nacido , Nacimiento Prematuro , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Ultrasonografía , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Cuádriceps/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Cuádriceps/fisiología , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of compression contrast therapy (CT) and dry needling therapy (DN) on muscle tension (MT), muscle strength (Fmax), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and perfusion (PU) following fatigue of forearm muscles (e.g., flexor carpi radialis) in combat sports athletes. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was employed. Participants first underwent muscle fatigue induction, which involved sustaining an isometric handgrip at 60% of their maximum voluntary contraction in 5-second cycles. This was followed by exposure to one of the regenerative therapies. Forty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CT/DN (n = 15), CT/ShDN (n = 15), and ShCT/DN (n = 15). The sham condition (Sh) involved a simulated version of the technique. Measurements were taken at four time points: (i) at rest; (ii) immediately after exercise that led to a state of fatigue; (iii) 5 minutes after therapy (PostTh5min); and (iv) 24 hours after therapy (PostTh24h). Each participant was exposed to one experimental condition and one control condition, thereby undergoing evaluation in two sessions. Significant differences between groups were found in MT during the PostTh5min (p = 0.005), as well as in PU during the PostTh5min (p < 0.001) and PU during the PostTh24h (p < 0.001). All groups showed significant improvements at 5 minutes post-therapy compared to immediately post-muscle fatigue. As conclusions, CT/DN seems to be significantly better for enhancing MT and PU after 5 minutes of muscle fatigue induction. Using either CT, DN, or both combined is recommended to enhance the recovery of muscle functionality and properties, favoring recovery and potentially speeding up performance enhancement.
Asunto(s)
Punción Seca , Antebrazo , Contracción Isométrica , Fatiga Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Umbral del Dolor , Humanos , Método Simple Ciego , Fatiga Muscular/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Umbral del Dolor/fisiología , Punción Seca/métodos , Adulto , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Artes Marciales/fisiología , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prematurely born adults have increased risk for cardiovascular disease. There are limited cardiac data on US-born preterm individuals. We aimed to determine whether adolescents and adults born prematurely have altered left ventricular (LV) structure and function, and to interrogate diastolic function using isometric handgrip exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adolescents and adults born moderately to extremely preterm (≤32 weeks gestation or <1500 g birth weight) were recruited from the Parkland Health Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Registry. Full-term participants were recruited from the local area. Study procedures included anthropometrics and vitals, handgrip testing, and echocardiography performed at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise. Data were reported as mean±SD. The study enrolled 107 preterm and 48 term participants. Preterm participants (gestational age: 29.5±2.5 weeks) were shorter with higher body mass index (P<0.001) compared with term participants. Preterm participants exhibited smaller LV end-diastolic volume index (50.8±10.1 versus 56.9±10.0 mL/m2, P<0.001), LV stroke volume index (29.6±6.0 versus 34.1±6.5 mL/m2, P<0.001), and LV mass index (67.2±13.1 versus 73.3±14.2 g/m2, P=0.002) compared with term individuals. Preterm participants also had subclinical reductions in LV peak systolic tissue velocity and peak early diastolic tissue velocity lateral at rest. Isometric handgrip exercise promoted a reduction in diastolic function and an increase in hemodynamic measures, but changes during isometric handgrip exercise were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents and adults born preterm exhibit overall normal cardiac function despite smaller cardiac volumes and mass compared with individuals born full term. Effects are most pronounced at the lowest gestational ages.
Asunto(s)
Edad Gestacional , Fuerza de la Mano , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Adulto , Recién Nacido , Adulto Joven , Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Ecocardiografía , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro , Sistema de Registros , Factores de EdadRESUMEN
This study addresses the need for highly sensitive tools to evaluate hand strength, particularly grasp and pinch strength, which are vital for diagnosing and rehabilitating conditions affecting hand function. Current devices like the Jamar dynamometer and Martin Vigorimeter, although reliable, fail to measure extremely low force or pressure values required for individuals with severe hand impairments. This research introduces a novel device, a modified Martin Vigorimeter, utilizing an ultra-soft latex chamber and differential pressure measurement to detect minute pressure changes, thus significantly enhancing sensitivity. The device offers a cost-effective solution, making advanced hand strength evaluation more accessible for clinical and research applications. Future research should validate its accuracy across diverse populations and settings, exploring its broader implications for hand rehabilitation and occupational health.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mano , Presión , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Humanos , Mano/fisiología , Fuerza de Pellizco/fisiología , Dinamómetro de Fuerza Muscular , Diseño de EquipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Reaching and grasping (R&G) in rats is commonly used as an outcome measure to investigate the effectiveness of rehabilitation or treatment strategies to recover forelimb function post spinal cord injury. Kinematic analysis has been limited to the wrist and digit movements. Kinematic profiles of the more proximal body segments that play an equally crucial role in successfully executing the task remain unexplored. Additionally, understanding of different forelimb muscle activity, their interactions, and their correlation with the kinematics of R&G movement is scarce. NEW METHOD: In this work, novel methodologies to comprehensively assess and quantify the 3D kinematics of the proximal and distal forelimb joints along with associated muscle activity during R&G movements in adult rats are developed and discussed. RESULTS: Our data show that different phases of R&G identified using the novel kinematic and EMG-based approach correlate with the well-established descriptors of R&G stages derived from the Whishaw scoring system. Additionally, the developed methodology allows describing the temporal activity of individual muscles and associated mechanical and physiological properties during different phases of the motor task. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): R&G phases and their sub-components are identified and quantified using the developed kinematic and EMG-based approach. Importantly, the identified R&G phases closely match the well-established qualitative descriptors of the R&G task proposed by Whishaw and colleagues. CONCLUSIONS: The present work provides an in-depth objective analysis of kinematics and EMG activity of R&G behavior, paving the way to a standardized approach to assessing this critical rodent motor function in future studies.
Asunto(s)
Electromiografía , Miembro Anterior , Fuerza de la Mano , Músculo Esquelético , Animales , Fenómenos Biomecánicos/fisiología , Miembro Anterior/fisiología , Electromiografía/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Ratas , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/fisiopatología , Femenino , Destreza Motora/fisiología , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Movimiento/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The University of Jyvaskyla Active Aging Scale (UJACAS) assesses active aging through willingness, ability, opportunity, and frequency of involvement in activities. Recognizing the lack of a German version, the Finnish original was translated (UJACAS-G). This study aimed: (1) to evaluate the test-retest reliability of UJACAS-G; and (2) to explore correlations with health-related parameters (concurrent validity). METHODS: The study (test-retest design) targeted healthy older adults aged 65+. Reliability of UJACAS-G (total and subscores) was assessed using Bland-Altman analyses and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). Furthermore, correlations (Spearman's rho) between UJACAS-G scores and physical function (walking speed, handgrip strength, balance, 6-minute walk distance), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), life-space mobility (Life-Space Assessment), and health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 Health Survey) were calculated. RESULTS: Bland-Altman analyses (N = 60; mean age 72.3, SD 5.9 years; 50% women) revealed mean differences close to zero and narrow limits of agreement for all scores (total score: mean difference -1.9; limits -31.7 to 27.9). The ability subscore showed clustering at its upper limit. ICC was 0.829 (95% CI 0.730 to 0.894) for the total score and ranged between 0.530 and 0.876 for subscores (all p-values < 0.001). The total score correlated with walking speed (rho = 0.345; p = 0.008), physical activity (rho = 0.279; p = 0.033) and mental health (rho = 0.329; p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: UJACAS-G is reliable for assessing active aging among German-speaking healthy older adults. A potential 'ceiling effect' regarding the ability subscore should be considered when applying UJACAS-G to well-functioning populations. Analyses of concurrent validity indicated only weak correlations with health-related parameters.
Asunto(s)
Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Alemania , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Psicometría/métodos , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall's Tau-b test. RESULTS: The participants involved in this study were 6-18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur.
Asunto(s)
Osteogénesis Imperfecta , Humanos , Osteogénesis Imperfecta/fisiopatología , Osteogénesis Imperfecta/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Femenino , Niño , Masculino , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The loss of a hand disrupts the sophisticated neural pathways between the brain and the hand, severely affecting the level of independence of the patient and the ability to carry out daily work and social activities. Recent years have witnessed a rapid evolution of surgical techniques and technologies aimed at restoring dexterous motor functions akin to those of the human hand through bionic solutions, mainly relying on probing of electrical signals from the residual nerves and muscles. Here, we report the clinical implementation of an interface aimed at achieving this goal by exploiting muscle deformation, sensed through passive magnetic implants: the myokinetic interface. One participant with a transradial amputation received an implantation of six permanent magnets in three muscles of the residual limb. A truly self-contained myokinetic prosthetic arm embedding all hardware components and the battery within the prosthetic socket was developed. By retrieving muscle deformation caused by voluntary contraction through magnet localization, we were able to control in real time a dexterous robotic hand following both a direct control strategy and a pattern recognition approach. In just 6 weeks, the participant successfully completed a series of functional tests, achieving scores similar to those achieved when using myoelectric controllers, a standard-of-care solution, with comparable physical and mental workloads. This experience raised conceptual and technical limits of the interface, which nevertheless pave the way for further investigations in a partially unexplored field. This study also demonstrates a viable possibility for intuitively interfacing humans with robotic technologies.
Asunto(s)
Amputados , Miembros Artificiales , Fuerza de la Mano , Imanes , Diseño de Prótesis , Robótica , Humanos , Amputados/rehabilitación , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Robótica/instrumentación , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Extremidad Superior , Mano/fisiología , Adulto , Electromiografía , Muñones de Amputación/fisiopatología , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Implantación de PrótesisRESUMEN
Although an increase in ulnar variance with power grip is well documented in the medical literature, there is a paucity of information concerning its mechanism. This concept was examined in five healthy individuals using computed tomography of their wrists and elbows. Images were obtained of both joints in the resting position and with maximum power grip. Ulnar variance at the wrist increased an average of 0.64 mm (range: 0.3 to 1.2 mm). While the ulnohumeral joint remained unchanged, the radiocapitellar distance shortened an average of 0.62 mm (range: 0.3 to 1.0 mm; p = 0.03), which correlated directly with the change at the wrist. Our study showed that the increase in ulnar variance with grip was due to proximal shift of the radius and not to any distal migration of the ulna, which may have clinical implications in reconstruction or arthroplasty of the elbow.
Asunto(s)
Articulación del Codo , Fuerza de la Mano , Cúbito , Articulación de la Muñeca , Humanos , Cúbito/diagnóstico por imagen , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Articulación de la Muñeca/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Muñeca/cirugía , Masculino , Articulación del Codo/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Codo/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Voluntarios Sanos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Adulto Joven , Radio (Anatomía)/diagnóstico por imagen , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study delves into the intriguing connection between knee osteoarthritis and diabetes in Malaysia. Specifically, the exacerbation of knee osteoarthritis in the presence of diabetes in terms of symptoms, physical performance, physical activity, psychological status, social participation, and quality of life was discussed. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study recruited adults aged 50 and above by convenient sampling and grouped them into: knee osteoarthritis-diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis+diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis-diabetes+, and knee osteoarthritis+diabetes+. SUBJECTS/PATIENTS: Of 436 recruited participants, 261 (59.8%) participants reported knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test, 6 Meter Walk Test, and 5 Times Sit to Stand Test were measured using standardized procedures. Six questionnaires were administered for the remaining parameters. RESULTS: Across groups, there were significant differences: 6 Meter Walk Test (p = 0.024), Timed Up and Go test (p = 0.020), and 5 Times Sit to Stand Test (p < 0.001), quality of life (p = 0.009), and physical activity (p = 0.036). Knee osteoarthritis+diabetes+ was independently associated with reduced handgrip strength, 5 Times Sit to Stand Test, quality of life, and physical inactivity after adjustment. Knee osteoarthritis+diabetes- was independently associated with reduced Timed Up and Go test and social isolation. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed the diabetic knee osteoarthritis subgroup's unique physical and psychosocial features of reduced muscle strength and physical inactivity. Future studies should investigate whether managing metabolic factors, and enhancing physical activity and strength exercises, can reduce knee osteoarthritis symptoms and disease severity.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza Muscular , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/rehabilitación , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/psicología , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Malasia , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Health-related physical fitness (HRPF) attributes are considered important markers beneficial to various health outcomes. However, the literature is divergent regarding HRPF and bone health in adulthood, especially due to the end of the second and beginning of the third decades of life when the peak bone mass period occurs. OBJECTIVE: To analyze which HRPF variables are areal bone mineral density (aBMD) predictors in adult males and females. METHODS: This study evaluated 137 healthy young adults aged 18-25 years (50% males). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to estimate fat mass and lean mass and aBMD, hand grip strength test, sit-ups test, flexibility test, lower limb muscle strength and 20-meter run were used to evaluate physical fitness. Multiple linear regression using the backward method was used to analyze bone mineral density predictors by sex. RESULTS: HRPF indicators showed correlations from R = 0.28 in the right femoral neck aBMD to R = 0.61 in the upper limbs aBMD in males; in females, correlations from R = 0.27 in total body aBMD to R = 0.68 in the lower limbs aBMD were found. In males, body mass and HRPF indicators were aBMD predictors with HRPF indicators explaining variance from R²=0.214 in the lumbar spine to R²=0.497 in the upper limbs, and in females, with the exception of the lumbar spine, variance from R²=0.237 in the right femoral neck aBMD to R²=0.442 in the lower limbs aBMD was found. CONCLUSION: Health-related physical fitness components were able to predict aBMD in different anatomical regions in young adults, especially muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness indicators for males, while only lean mass and fat mass for females.
Asunto(s)
Absorciometría de Fotón , Densidad Ósea , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Adolescente , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Composición Corporal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Background: Evidence on the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and health care utilisation among Chinese older adults is scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of HGS with health care utilisation and to identify whether these associations varied by gender. Methods: The analytic sample of this prospective cohort study included 6007 Chinese older adults (≥60 years) from 2011 to 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A handgrip dynamometer was used to measure HGS. We measured health care utilisation by outpatient visits, inpatient visits, and unmet hospitalisation needs. We used covariates-adjusted general estimating equations for the analyses. Results: Longitudinal results showed that participants with weakness increased the likelihood of outpatient visits (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.27), inpatient visits (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.32-1.73), and unmet hospitalisation needs (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.19-1.79) than their counterparts. Participants with weakness increased the number of outpatient visits (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.11-1.51) and the number of inpatient visits (IRR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.10-1.61). Participants with HGS asymmetry increased the likelihood of unmet hospitalisation needs (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03-1.43) than their counterparts. The results of the impact of every one-kilogramme (kg) increase in HGS on health care utilisation indicated consistent results. The associations were similarly observed irrespective of gender. Conclusions: Chinese older adults with weakness or HGS asymmetry used more health care. Interventions for improving muscle strength and correcting strength asymmetry are highly recommended, with the potential to considerably save households and health care systems.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mano , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Longitudinales , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of the several methods and technologies employed to measure handgrip strength (HGS), a significant indicator of neuromuscular strength and overall health. The document evaluates a range of devices, from traditional dynamometers to innovative sensor-based systems, and assesses their effectiveness and application in different demographic groups. Special attention is given to the methodological aspects of HGS estimation, including the influence of device design and measurement protocols. Endogenous factors such as hand dominance and size, body mass, age and gender, as well as exogenous factors including circadian influences and psychological factors, are examined. The review identifies significant variations in the implementation of HGS measurements and interpretation of the resultant data, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of these factors when using HGS as a diagnostic or research tool. It highlights the necessity of standardizing measurement protocols to establish universal guidelines that enhance the comparability and consistency of HGS assessments across various settings and populations.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mano , Humanos , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Dinamómetro de Fuerza Muscular , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND The Vibro-Swing system consists of 2 spiraled tubes containing 4 steel balls that move to generate a vibrational musculoskeletal and nervous system stimulus. This study included 45 older adults and aimed to compare balance, muscle strength, and proprioception with and without a 6-week program of Pilates training using the Vibro-Swing system. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study included 45 older adults (mean age: 78.31±4.50). The experimental group (n=24) underwent a Pilates with Vibro-Swing exercise. The control group (n=21) participated in regular Pilates exercise. Both groups engaged in exercise for 40-50 minutes per session, twice a week, for 6 weeks, resulting in a total of 12 intervention sessions. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention. The pre-post test evaluated balance (gait analysis, 10-meter walk test [10 MWT], functional reach test [FRT]), muscle strength (Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test [FTSS], grip strength), and proprioception (wrist joint position sense [WRT_30°]). RESULTS The experimental group exhibited statistically significant differences in velocity, cadence, 10MWT, FRT, FTSS, right grip, left grip, and wrist joint position sense (extension 30°) between the pre- and post-test (P>0.05). The experimental group exhibited statistically significant differences in gait velocity, cadence, 10 MWT, FTSS, right grip strength, FRT, and [WRT_30°] results compared with the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Pilates with Vibro-Swing exercise resulted in greater improvements in balance, muscle strength, and wrist joint proprioception.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Ejercicio con Movimientos , Ejercicio Físico , Fuerza Muscular , Equilibrio Postural , Propiocepción , Vibración , Humanos , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Anciano , Femenino , Técnicas de Ejercicio con Movimientos/métodos , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Masculino , Propiocepción/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Marcha/fisiología , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is frequently seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the factors it is associated with. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity, strength, disability, depression, fatigue, and cognitive reserve and function. METHODS: The mobile applications Trail Making Test (TMT A-B), Digit Span Test (DST), Visuospatial Memory Test (VSMT), and Tap Fast were used in the cognitive function evaluation. Functional performance was assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 5-Time Sit-to-Sand (5STS) test, and grip strength. Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI), Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Nottingham Health Profile were also used. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the MS and control groups only in the 6MWT, STS-5, grip strength, TMT, VSMT, and Tap Fast. Good correlation was found between the TMT-A and 6MWT and physical mobility. A fair correlation was shown between grip strength, energy, and pain status. A good correlation was found between TMT-B and 6MWT, and a fair relationship with disability, cognitive reserve, and pain. Good correlation was observed between the DST and 6MWT, left grip strength, pain, and energy status; fair correlations were found between right grip strength, cognitive reserve, and physical mobility. Good correlation was found between the VSMT and energy. A fair relationship between disability, cognitive reserve, and pain was demonstrated. Good correlation was observed between the Tap Fast score and disability, 5STS, FSS, energy, and physical mobility. A fair relationship was found between pain and social isolation. CONCLUSION: It has been shown that cognitive performance in MS is related to disability, functional performance, cognitive reserve, fatigue, and general health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06084182.
ANTECEDENTES: A disfunção cognitiva é frequentemente observada na esclerose múltipla (EM). No entanto, existem resultados conflitantes sobre os fatores aos quais está associada. OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre capacidade aeróbica, força, incapacidade, depressão, fadiga e reserva e função cognitiva. MéTODOS: Os aplicativos móveis Trail Making Test (TMT A-B), Digit Span Test (DST), Visuoespacial Memory Test (VSMT) e Tap Fast foram utilizados na avaliação da função cognitiva. O desempenho funcional foi avaliado por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), Teste de Sentar-Levantar Cinco Vezes (TSL5) e força de preensão manual. Também foram utilizados Índice de Reserva Cognitiva (IRC), Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Escala de Gravidade de Fadiga (EGF) e Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos EM e controle apenas no TC6, TSL5, força de preensão, TMT, VSMT e Tap Fast. Foi encontrada boa correlação entre o TMT-A e o TC6 e a mobilidade física. Foi demonstrada uma correlação razoável entre força de preensão, energia e estado de dor. Foi encontrada uma boa correlação entre o TMT-B e o TC6, e uma relação razoável com incapacidade, reserva cognitiva e dor. Foi observada boa correlação entre o DST e o TC6, força de preensão esquerda, dor e estado energético; correlações justas foram encontradas entre força de preensão direita, reserva cognitiva e mobilidade física. Foi encontrada boa correlação entre o VSMT e a energia. Foi demonstrada uma relação justa entre incapacidade, reserva cognitiva e dor. Foi observada boa correlação entre o escore Tap Fast e incapacidade, TLS5, EGF, energia e mobilidade física. Foi encontrada uma relação justa entre dor e isolamento social. CONCLUSãO: Foi demonstrado que o desempenho cognitivo na EM está relacionado com incapacidade, desempenho funcional, reserva cognitiva, fadiga e saúde geral. REGISTRO DE TESTE: NCT06084182.
Asunto(s)
Reserva Cognitiva , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Fatiga , Esclerosis Múltiple , Tiempo de Reacción , Humanos , Masculino , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple/psicología , Reserva Cognitiva/fisiología , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Fatiga/etiología , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Cognición/fisiología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Prueba de Paso , Estudios Transversales , Valores de Referencia , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Monitoring the recovery trajectory during and after hospitalization can be a valuable method to observe whether additional care is needed to optimize recovery. Hand grip strength tests are commonly used to measure an individual's physical condition. Eforto® is a system to monitor hand grip strength and grip work as measures of recovery. We examined the feasibility of daily repeated hand grip tests measured with Eforto® in geriatric inpatients, during hospitalization and at home after discharge. METHODS: Geriatric inpatients (n = 191) were evaluated for grip strength and grip work with Eforto®, twice daily during their admission. We calculated attempt and success rates. Participants were divided into complete, high, moderate, and low attempt/success rate groups to study differences in patient characteristics. Reasons for non-attempt and unsuccessful tests were categorized and analyzed. Nine participants were interviewed about acceptability and user experience within the hospital setting. Four out of twenty participants accepted the invitation to continue the measurements after discharge at home for 4 weeks and were interviewed about acceptability and user experience. RESULTS: Across the 191 participants, the attempt rate was 85% and 86% of the attempted tests was successful. The main reasons for non-attempt were that the patient felt physically unwell (41%), and that the patient was otherwise engaged, for example receiving care or undergoing medical tests (40%). Measurements were unsuccessful mostly because of the patient not having enough strength to reach the 80% threshold needed for the grip work test (60%). Participants in the complete and high attempt/success rate groups had a shorter length of stay (p<0.05) and a lower mortality (p<0.05) than participants in the moderate/low groups. The interview data showed good acceptability and user experience during hospitalization. The acceptability was strengthened by experienced usefulness. Self-monitoring at home resulted in low inclusion rate (20%) and low success rate (25%), with the uncertain time after discharge from the hospital as the main barrier. CONCLUSIONS: For most patients, the tests were feasible in the supervised hospital setting. At-home testing with Eforto® is challenging, primarily because of the uncertain time after discharge from the hospital.
Asunto(s)
Estudios de Factibilidad , Evaluación Geriátrica , Fuerza de la Mano , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Alta del PacienteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The elbow is a common site for overuse injuries in golfers. Tendinopathies, such as medial and lateral epicondylitis, are frequently diagnosed in amateur and professional golfers. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of an ergonomic golf grip on forearm muscle activity during the five phases of the golf swing. METHODS: Thirty right-handed golfers with a mean age of 32 years (range, 18-70 years) and a mean handicap of 15 (range, 0-43) performed 10 golf swings with a standard and ergonomic golf grip respectively. The mean and maximum muscle activity of the Musculus (M.) extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), M. flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), M. pronator teres (PT) and M. biceps brachii (BB) of the lead and trail arms were assessed during the five phases of the golf swing using surface electromyography (EMG). Subgroup analyses were performed regarding sex, playing ability (handicap < 10 vs. ≥10), weekly playing time (≤ 5 h, 5-20 h, > 20 h) and preexisting elbow pain during golfing (VAS < 2 vs. VAS ≥ 2). Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: An ergonomic golf grip resulted in a reduction in muscle activity in at least one but up to three consecutive phases of the golf swing for the ECRB, FCU and PT of the lead arm and for the PT of the trail arm. Amateurs, a playing time < 20 h per week and golfers without preexisting elbow pain were factors that were associated with greater reductions in muscle activity. CONCLUSION: Forearm muscle activity can be decreased using an ergonomic golf grip, indicating the possible role of an ergonomic golf grip as a preventive measure against overuse syndromes such as medial and lateral epicondylitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study was retrospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register DRKS-ID: DRKS00033732 (01/03/2024).