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It raises questions about the impact of lard on the health and the differences in individual responses. Therefore, we developed a model of mice fed with high fat (HF) from lard in 130 days. The weight of the mice was measured every two days. Glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance tests were performed at 70 days and 130 days of experiment. At the end of the study, the fat tissue was collected to check the weight, and a blood sample was collected to check the blood lipids and liver enzymes. Surprisingly, mice responded variously to the HF by being classified into two groups, one group had significantly high gained weight (HG_HF) versus the mice fed a standard diet (STD) (p < 0.001), and another group (LG_HF) has not difference in body weight compared to the STD groups. This phenomenon in body weight is directly reflected by the white fat accumulation, but not by brown fat. Eating HF from lard for a long time can disrupt glucose tolerance and cause dyslipidemia in mice, even in the LG_HF group, but can not disrupt insulin tolerance and cause liver enzyme disorders. In summary, our findings are a wake-up call for many cases where eating HF from lard does not gain weight and not increase the white fat storage, but still has the potential to cause adverse health effects. Further studies are encouraged to understand the molecular mechanisms that causes the body to regulate its weight and responses when eating HF from lard, especially in the LG_HF group.
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Ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) have been investigated to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and muscle cells in vitro. However, the factors controlling adipogenesis of this stem cell population in vitro, function, and type of adipocytes raised from them are still unclear. Here we found that genetics have a modest effect on adipogenic capacity of EMSCs. Adipocytes differentiated from EMSCs have a potential function in lipid metabolism as indicated by expression of lipogenic genes and this function of EMSC adipocytes is regulated by genetics. EMSCs failed to be differentiated into brite/brown adipocytes due to their lack of a thermogenic program, but adipocytes raised from EMSCs showed a fate of white adipocytes. Overall, our data suggest that EMSCs differentiate into functional white adipocytes in vitro and this is genetic-dependent.
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Adipocitos Beige/metabolismo , Adipocitos Marrones/metabolismo , Adipogénesis/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación , Oído , Variación Genética , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Animales , Antígenos de Diferenciación/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones TransgénicosRESUMEN
The insufficient and unspecific target of traditional therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, accumulating discoveries about stem cell biology have provided new potential approaches to cure cancer patients. Stem cells possess unique biological actions, including self-renewal, directional migration, differentiation, and modulatory effects on other cells, which can be utilized as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms underlying the use of various types of stem cells in cancer treatment. In addition, we summarize recent progress in the clinical applications of stem cells, as well as common risks of this therapy. We finally give general directions for future studies, aiming to improve overall outcomes in the fight against cancer.
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Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre/tendencias , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Células Madre/citologíaRESUMEN
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs), which are known as multipotent cells, are widely used in the treatment of various diseases via their self-renewable, differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have supported the understanding mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of BMSCs therapy in clinical applications. The number of clinical trials in phase I/II is accelerating; however, they are limited in the size of subjects, regulations, and standards for the preparation and transportation and administration of BMSCs, leading to inconsistency in the input and outcome of the therapy. Based on the International Society for Cellular Therapy guidelines, the characterization, isolation, cultivation, differentiation, and applications can be optimized and standardized, which are compliant with good manufacturing practice requirements to produce clinical-grade preparation of BMSCs. This review highlights and updates on the progress of production, as well as provides further challenges in the studies of BMSCs, for the approval of BMSCs widely in clinical application.
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Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/fisiología , Animales , Médula Ósea , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/instrumentación , Diferenciación Celular , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Células Madre Multipotentes/citologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: ß-thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic diseases worldwide. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) of ß-thalassemia is performed to avoid affected pregnancies has become increasingly popular worldwide. In which, the indirect analysis using short tandem repeat (STRs) linking with HBB gene to detect different ß-globin (HBB) gene mutation is a simple, accurate, economical and also provides additional control of contamination and allele-drop-out ADO. AIM: This study established microsatellite markers for PGT of Vietnamese ß-thalassemia patient. METHODS: Fifteen (15) STRs gathered from 5 populations were identified by in silico tools within 1 Mb flanking the HBB gene. The multiplex PCR reaction was optimized and performed on 106 DNA samples from at-risk families. RESULTS: After estimating, PIC values were ≥ 0.7 for all markers, with expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.81 to 0.92 and 0.53 to 0.86, respectively. One hundred percent of individuals had at least seven heterozygous markers and were found to be heterozygous for at least two markers on either side of the HBB gene. CONCLUSION: In general, a pentadecaplex marker (all < 1 Mb from the HBB gene) assay was constituted for ß-thalassemia PGT on Vietnamese population.
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BACKGROUND: Stroke patients are at high risk for stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). If patients suffer from pneumonia their prognosis will worsen. AIM: To identify factors that increases the risk of SAP in stroke patients. METHODS: A group of 508 patients hospitalized within 5 days after the onset of stroke were enrolled prospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of SAP was 13.4%. Some major risk factors for SAP are: mechanical ventilation (MV) had odds ratio (OR) 16.4 (p <0.01); the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) > 15 OR 9.1 (p <0.01); the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) 0-14 OR 11.7 (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: SAP is a frequent complication. We identified some risk factors of SAP, especially stroke severity (NIHSS > 15), swallowing disorder (GUSS < 15) and mechanical ventilation.