RESUMEN
Three types of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in which the online monitoring parameters served as the input variable were employed to predict suspended solids (SS(eff)), chemical oxygen demand (COD(eff)), and pH(eff) in the effluent from a biological wastewater treatment plant in industrial park. Artificial neural network (ANN) was also used for comparison. The results indicated that ANFIS statistically outperforms ANN in terms of effluent prediction. When predicting, the minimum mean absolute percentage errors of 2.90, 2.54 and 0.36% for SS(eff), COD(eff) and pH(eff) could be achieved using ANFIS. The maximum values of correlation coefficient for SS(eff), COD(eff), and pH(eff) were 0.97, 0.95, and 0.98, respectively. The minimum mean square errors of 0.21, 1.41 and 0.00, and the minimum root mean square errors of 0.46, 1.19 and 0.04 for SS(eff), COD(eff), and pH(eff) could also be achieved.
Asunto(s)
Lógica Difusa , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/estadística & datos numéricos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Residuos Industriales/estadística & datos numéricos , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios/normas , Sistemas en Línea , Oxígeno , Taiwán , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/normasRESUMEN
In this study, Grey model (GM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to predict suspended solids (SSeff) and chemical oxygen demand (CODeff) in the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in industrial park of Taiwan. When constructing model or predicting, the influent quality or online monitoring parameters were adopted as the input variables. ANN was also adopted for comparison. The results indicated that the minimum MAPEs of 16.13 and 9.85% for SSeff and CODeff could be achieved using GMs when online monitoring parameters were taken as the input variables. Although a good fitness could be achieved using ANN, they required a large quantity of data. Contrarily, GM only required a small amount of data (at least four data) and the prediction results were even better than those of ANN. Therefore, GM could be applied successfully in predicting effluent when the information was not sufficient. The results also indicated that these simple online monitoring parameters could be applied on prediction of effluent quality well.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Aguas del Alcantarillado/análisis , Humanos , Modelos Estadísticos , Taiwán , Eliminación de Residuos LíquidosRESUMEN
Four new polyoxygenated briarane-type diterpenoids, briaexcavatolides O-R (1-4), have been isolated from a gorgonian octocoral Briareum excavatum. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic and chemical methods. Metabolites 1-3 were found to contain oxygenated substituents at C-2, C-3, and C-4, and the relative configurations were assigned as 2R*,3R*,4R* at these three positions. Briaranes containing this type of stereochemistry are reported for the first time. The structures of metabolites 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Compound 2 has been shown to exhibit significant cytotoxicity toward P-388 and HT-29 cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Cnidarios/química , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Leucemia Linfoide , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Ratones , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Estereoisomerismo , Taiwán , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A new sesquiterpenoid, junceol A(1), as well as two known diterpenoids, sclerophytin A (2) and cladiellisin (3), have been isolated from the sea pen octocoral Virgularia juncea. The structure of metabolite 1 was determined by extensive spectral analysis. Compounds 1-3 have been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward P-388 cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Cnidarios/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/química , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/aislamiento & purificación , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/farmacología , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Furanos/química , Furanos/aislamiento & purificación , Furanos/farmacología , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leucemia P388 , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Taiwán , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Four new briarane diterpenes, briaexcavatolides K-N (1-4), along with a known diterpene, 5, have been isolated from the Taiwanese gorgonian Briareum excavatum. The structures of the new metabolites were established by extensive spectral analyses. Furthermore, the structure, including the relative configuration of briaexcavatolide K (1), was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray analysis. Briaexcavatolides K and L (1 and 2) are the only briarane diterpenes known to possess hydroxyl groups at the C-8beta and C-17alpha positions, respectively. Cytotoxicity of these metabolites toward various cancer cell lines also is described.
Asunto(s)
Cnidarios/química , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diterpenos/química , Estructura Molecular , TaiwánRESUMEN
Three new diterpenes, junceellolides E-G (1-3), along with an unnamed known diterpene 4, possessing the briarane carbon skeleton, have been isolated from the gorgonian Junceella fragilis collected in Taiwanese tropical waters. The structures of the new metabolites 1-3 were elucidated by extensive spectral analyses. The six-membered rings in junceellolides E and F (1 and 2) were found to exist in boat conformations. The structure, including the relative configuration of junceellolide E (1) was further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Asunto(s)
Cnidarios/química , Diterpenos/química , Animales , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Liofilización , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Océano Pacífico , Espectrometría de Masa Bombardeada por Átomos VelocesRESUMEN
Eight new briarane-type diterpenes, excavatolides F-M (1-8), have been isolated from the gorgonian Briareum excavatum. The structures and relative stereochemistry of these compounds were established by spectral analysis and chemical methods. The cytotoxicity of these compounds toward various cancer cell lines has also been determined.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Cnidarios/química , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Diterpenos/química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Células HT29 , Humanos , Células KB , Leucemia P388/patología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Modelos Moleculares , Nitroazul de Tetrazolio , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Fucosterol (1), 24xi-hydroperoxy-24-vinylcholesterol (2), 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol (3), 24-ethylcholesta-4,24(28)-dien-3-one (4), 24xi-hydroperoxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,28(29)-dien-3-one (5), 24-ethylcholesta-4,24(28)-dien-3,6-dione (6), 24xi-hydroperoxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,28(29)-dien-3,6-di one (7), 6beta-hydroxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,24(28)-dien-3-one (8), and 24xi-hydroperoxy-6beta-hydroxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,28(2 9)-dien-3-one (9) were isolated from the marine brown alga Turbinaria conoides. The structures of these compounds were established by spectral analysis. Isolated for the first time from a natural source, the oxygenated fucosterols 4-9 exhibit cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Oxígeno/química , Phaeophyceae/química , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Análisis Espectral , Estigmasterol/química , Estigmasterol/aislamiento & purificación , Estigmasterol/farmacología , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
The chemistry of Briareum excavatum, a Formosan gorgonian coral, was investigated. This study has led to the isolation of five novel marine natural products, excavatolides A-E (1-5), together with brianolide (6). The structures of the above compounds were established by spectral and chemical methods. The relative configuration of excavatolide B (2) was further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Cytotoxicity of these compounds toward various cancer cell lines also is described.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Cnidarios/química , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Espectrometría de Masa Bombardeada por Átomos Veloces , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Two hydroperoxysterols 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol (1) and 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol (2), and fucosterol (3) were isolated from the brown alga Turbinaria ornata (Sargassaceae). Hydroperoxide 2 is a new natural compound and was converted into 29-hydroxystigmasta-5,24 (28)-dien-3beta-ol (4) by reaction with LAH. Sterols 1, 2, and 4 exhibited cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines.