RESUMEN

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL) is a chronic reproductive syndrome characterized by genital infection by Leptospira spp. An accurate diagnosis of BGL is crucial to implementing proper control measures in field conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of serology by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for diagnosing leptospirosis in subfertile cows with genital infection. Of three herds, 93 non-pregnant cows with reproductive failures were submitted to the blood sampling (serology by MAT) and genital samples (lipL32-PCR). A total of 62/93 (66.6%) cows presented seroreactive to cutoff 100, while 45/93 (48.4%) cows were positive to cutoff 200, mainly against the Sejroe serogroup. In PCR analysis, 55/93 (59.1%) were positive. MAT results were compared with PCR (considered the standard), and test parameters and Cohen's kappa (ƙ) were calculated for the cut-offs 100 and 200. A ROC curve was performed for each cut-off of titers 100 to 1,600. The sensitivity and specificity of MAT100 were calculated at 66.6% and 33.3%, while for MAT200 the sensitivity was estimated as 35% and specificity as 54.5%. The accuracy of MAT was poor, being 54.8% in MAT100 and 42% in MAT200. Furthermore, the area under the curve of ROC analysis was low for all titers, and the correlation was poor for MAT100 and MAT200 (ƙ < 0). The results demonstrated that MAT is a limited technique to diagnose bovine genital carriers individually, and if only MAT is applied, genital carriers may pass undetected, impairing the control programs.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Bovine mastitis is an important and costly disease to dairy cattle. Diagnostic methods usually performed in Brazil are somatic cell counts (SCC) and milk microbiology. Low bacteria shedding in milk implies no colony growth in microbiological tests and false negative results. Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus are principal pathogens of mixed mastitis. However, S. agalactiae has a higher bacterial release from the mammary gland than S. aureus, affecting microbiological sensitivity to diagnose S. aureus. This study aimed to estimate the SCC and total bacterial count (TBC) from cows according to pathogen isolated in milk and to evaluate variation in S. aureus diagnosis by a microbiological test during S. agalactiae treatment, which is called blitz therapy. Both S. agalactiae and S. aureus presented high SCC means, although S. agalactiae showed shedding of bacteria 2.3 times greater than S. aureus. Microbiological sensitivity to S. aureus increased for 5 months during S. agalactiae treatment. The prevalence of S. agalactiae fell after 5 months of therapeutic procedures. The prevalence of S. aureus increased to 39.0. The results showed that due to high sensitivity, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be used at the beginning of blitz therapy with the goal of S. agalactiae eradication from the dairy herd.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bovine leptospirosis is an important reproductive disease and abortion is a major sign, leading to economic impacts. Due to its multifactorial etiology, the proper diagnosis of the cause of the abortion is crucial. Necropsy of the fetuses followed by molecular analysis is recommended for diagnosis, and the investigation mainly occurs in the kidneys and liver. This study aimed to analyze unconventional sites for the presence of leptospiral DNA in bovine anicteric aborted fetuses. METHODS: Five fetuses of the same herd were received for necropsy and diagnosis. Conventional lipL32-PCR was performed in the fetuses' kidneys, livers, lungs, hearts, spleens, subcapsular kidney content, abomasal fluid, and in the cavity's hemorrhagic contents. To complete the investigation, the sera of 30 cows of the herd were collected to perform the serologic screening by Microscopic Agglutination Test. In addition, six subfertile non-pregnant cows from the same herd were selected due to their low reproductive performance, and genital samples (uterine fragment and cervicovaginal mucus) and urine were collected for lipL32-PCR. PCR-positive samples were submitted to a nested PCR of the secY gene and intended for sequencing. RESULTS: The herd presented seroreactive animals (11/30, 36.6%), all against the Sejroe serogroup, with titers between 200 and 1600. In necropsy, four fetuses showed hemorrhagic and anicteric lesions, while one fetus had no macroscopic lesions. Regarding molecular analysis, all the fetuses were positive in lipL32-PCR and the positive sites were the heart, lungs, subcapsular kidney content, thymus, kidneys, liver, and abomasal fluid. Only one fetus presented positive results in the kidney and liver, while three fetuses were positive in the abomasal fluid. Five of six cows were positive for lipL32-PCR, all being positive only in genital samples. Of the fetuses and the cows, seven sequences were obtained and all were identified as Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjoprajitno. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the diagnosis of leptospirosis in cows, it is recommended to perform a comprehensive analysis of the samples, beyond the kidneys and liver. Thus, we highly encourage testing multiple organs by PCR to investigate abortions suspected of bovine leptospirosis, particularly in anicteric fetuses.

RESUMEN

The mean serum value of adiponectin in captive Aotus sp. is 541.99 ng/mL ± 73.05. There is no influence of sex or age, but there is a moderate positive correlation between body weight and adiponectin levels in males.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Only four of 40 animals had measurable asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels. The young primate had the lowest value (53.4 ng/ml) when compared with the two adults (218.8 ± 9.3 ng/ml) and the elderly one (320.5 ng/ml). The ADMA levels in this study may relate to the echocardiographic abnormalities found, and possible hypertensive individuals.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated if the milk ring test (MRT) used to the brucellosis diagnostic at dairy herd level can be done in milk samples with conservative (Bronopol®) collected to the somatic cell count (SCC) that is used to mastitis monitoring. It were analyzed 38 bulk tank milk samples (BTMS) from 19 dairy herds artisanal cheese producers and 36 BTMS from a brucellosis free dairy herd, used as negative control (NC) and positive control (PC), when was added serum from vaccinated animals. The milk samples were collected in two different bottles (with or without Bronopol®). All the 38 BTMS from artisanal cheese producers (samples with and without Bronopol®) were non-reagent to MRT, as all NC. All PC were reagent to MRT, without interference of Bronopol®. Results showed that the milk sample used to SCC presented the proportion of agreement of results in all milk samples (100%), that is, false positive and false negative results were not observed. Results indicated that Bronopol® did not interfere with the color in the time of MRT reading suggesting that the same milk samples could be used to monitoring mastitis and brucellosis.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o teste do anel do leite (TAL), utilizado para o diagnóstico da brucelose em nível de rebanho leiteiro, pode ser realizado em amostras de leite com conservador (Bronopol®) coletado para contagem de células somáticas (CCS) que é utilizado para monitoramento de mastite. Foram analisadas 38 amostras de leite de tanques de expansão (ALTE) de 19 rebanhos leiteiros produtores de queijo artesanal e 36 ALTE de rebanho leiteiro livre de brucelose, utilizadas como controle negativo (CN) e controle positivo (CP), quando foi adicionado soro de animais vacinados. As amostras de leite foram coletadas em dois frascos diferentes (com e sem Bronopol®). Todos as 38 ALTE de produtores artesanais de queijo (amostras com e sem Bronopol®) foram não reagentes ao TAL, como todos os CN. Todos os CP foram reagentes ao TAL, sem interferência do Bronopol®. Os resultados mostraram que a amostra de leite utilizada para CCS apresentaram a proporção de concordância dos resultados em todas as amostras de leite (100%), ou seja, não foram observados resultados falso-positivos e falso-negativos. Os resultados indicam que o Bronopol® não interferiu na cor no momento da leitura do TAL, sugerindo que as mesmas amostras de leite poderiam ser usadas para monitorar mastite e brucelose.

RESUMEN

This study evaluated if the milk ring test (MRT) used to the brucellosis diagnostic at dairy herd level can be done in milk samples with conservative (Bronopol®) collected to the somatic cell count (SCC) that is used to mastitis monitoring. It were analyzed 38 bulk tank milk samples (BTMS) from 19 dairy herds artisanal cheese producers and 36 BTMS from a brucellosis free dairy herd, used as negative control (NC) and positive control (PC), when was added serum from vaccinated animals. The milk samples were collected in two different bottles (with or without Bronopol®). All the 38 BTMS from artisanal cheese producers (samples with and without Bronopol®) were non-reagent to MRT, as all NC. All PC were reagent to MRT, without interference of Bronopol®. Results showed that the milk sample used to SCC presented the proportion of agreement of results in all milk samples (100%), that is, false positive and false negative results were not observed. Results indicated that Bronopol® did not interfere with the color in the time of MRT reading suggesting that the same milk samples could be used to monitoring mastitis and brucellosis.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o teste do anel do leite (TAL), utilizado para o diagnóstico da brucelose em nível de rebanho leiteiro, pode ser realizado em amostras de leite com conservador (Bronopol®) coletado para contagem de células somáticas (CCS) que é utilizado para monitoramento de mastite. Foram analisadas 38 amostras de leite de tanques de expansão (ALTE) de 19 rebanhos leiteiros produtores de queijo artesanal e 36 ALTE de rebanho leiteiro livre de brucelose, utilizadas como controle negativo (CN) e controle positivo (CP), quando foi adicionado soro de animais vacinados. As amostras de leite foram coletadas em dois frascos diferentes (com e sem Bronopol®). Todos as 38 ALTE de produtores artesanais de queijo (amostras com e sem Bronopol®) foram não reagentes ao TAL, como todos os CN. Todos os CP foram reagentes ao TAL, sem interferência do Bronopol®. Os resultados mostraram que a amostra de leite utilizada para CCS apresentaram a proporção de concordância dos resultados em todas as amostras de leite (100%), ou seja, não foram observados resultados falso-positivos e falso-negativos. Os resultados indicam que o Bronopol® não interferiu na cor no momento da leitura do TAL, sugerindo que as mesmas amostras de leite poderiam ser usadas para monitorar mastite e brucelose.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Minas artisanal cheese (MAC) from the Serro region is a Brazilian intangible cultural heritage. Produced from raw milk, it may carry zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella. This study included a randomized survey for the prevalence of Brucella-positive MAC and its associated factors. METHODS: MAC samples (n=55), each one from a different rural family-based cheese-processing agroindustry, were analysed for Brucella by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) species-specific DNA detection and cultivation-based approaches. RESULTS: Among 55 MACs that were analysed, we found 17 Brucella DNA-positive samples (30.9% [95% confidence interval {CI} 18.7 to 43.1]) by PCR and, for the first time, from one MAC (1.8% [95% CI 0.5 to 9.7]), viable Brucella abortus was recovered by cultivation. Higher values for two variables, the number of lactating cows per herd (p=0.043) and daily milk production per herd (p=0.043), were each associated with Brucella-positive MAC, which concentrated in three high-risk and one low-risk spatial clusters. CONCLUSIONS: MAC may be a source of Brucella for humans, since the positive samples were from batches that were sold by cheesemakers. This should be of concern and encourage cooperation between the health and agriculture sectors in order to mitigate this public health risk through One Health integrated approaches.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Cattle are susceptible to chronic leptospirosis infection, that results in reduced milk production and reproductive disorders such as abortions, stillbirths, fetal malformation, and mummified fetuses, causing significant economic losses.Commercially available vaccines against leptospirosis offer limited protection to cattle because they contain only the mostprevalent serovars worldwide, even though they are not prevalent in the specific region. This study aimed to evaluate theprevalence of specific antibodies against Leptospira serogroups, reproductive disorders and the risk factors in dairy herdsfrom different mesoregions of Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: An epidemiological survey was conducted, and serum samples from the bovine population representative of three mesoregions (MR1, MR2, and MR3) were studied; the samples were collected and tested forleptospirosis using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for 12 serogroups checking for the presence of agglutination.A total of 442 blood samples were collected from dairy cattle from November to December 2019 (MR1, 187; MR2, 88;and MR3, 167), including cows vaccinated with different commercial vaccines during the three months before sample collection (n = 295) and non-vaccinated against leptospirosis (n = 147). At the time of collection, an interview was conductedwith the owners with questions about the health of the animals, management, habitat, feeding and reproduction. Chi-squaretests univariate analysis with the SPSS® version 20.0 were performed to estimate the association of serogroup Djasimanseroreactivity with the occurrence of reproductive problems and related risk factors. The mean prevalence of antibodiesagainst leptospires was 78.7% (MR1, 74.9 %; MR2, 84.1 %; and MR3, 80.2 %). Serogroup prevalence was different in...

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL) is characterized by silent chronic reproductive disorders, most related to early embryonic death leading to estrus repetition, subfertility and abortions. However, most studies were conducted in slaughterhouses, which lacks reproductive and sanitary history of the studied animals. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Leptospira sp. infection in live cows with history of low reproductive efficiency. Blood, urine, cervico-vaginal mucus and uterine fragment were collected from nine cows of the same herd presenting reproductive failure (abortions, estrus repetition and chronic infertility). Serology (MAT) and molecular analysis (PCR and nucleotide sequencing) were performed. Serology showed three (33.3%) seroreactive cows, two to Sejroe and one to Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups. Six cows (66.7%) presented leptospiral DNA on genital samples, while all urine samples were negative. L. interrogans was identified in five samples, very closely related to strains from Sejroe (n = 3) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 2) serogroups, while L. noguchii was identified in one sample. Results from this preliminary study demonstrates the presence of leptospires on uterus and reinforces the negative impact of leptospiral infection on reproductive tract, highlighting its association with reproductive failures on live animals.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aquatic plant Salvinia auriculata has been shown to possess promising properties for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis. The disease affects cattle health and compromises dairy cattle productivity, resulting in reduced milk production and higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, and toxicity of S. auriculata root extracts using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T); determine the chemical composition of the most active extract; and develop an S. auriculata antiseptic solution for pre- and post-milking teat disinfection. Plants were collected during the four seasons of the year. The most active hexane extract was subjected to bioguided fractionation, which resulted in the isolation of six known compounds, stigmast-22-ene-3,6-dione, stigmasterol, friedelinol, ß-sitosterol, octadecyl alcohol, and octadecanoic acid. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the most active extract and isolated compounds were determined against nine S. aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis. The efficacy of the S. auriculata teat dip formulation was tested using an excised teat model (ex vivo), and promising results were obtained. The S. auriculata extract formulation proved to be as effective as commercial antimicrobials in reducing log counts in excised teats.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Bacteria of Mollicutes Class are associated with intramammary infection and decrease in milk production. This study investigated the occurrence of Mollicutes and elucidated their risk factors in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. For this, milk samples from 387 lactation cows from Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Mollicutes. Species of Mycoplasma were investigated in Mollicutes positive samples by PCR, including Mycoplasma bovis, M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis, M. arginini and A. laidlawii. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to collect data on possible risk factors, which were assessed using Pearson's Chi-square test followed by odds ratio (P≤0.05). Mollicutes were reported in 21% (4/19) of the herds and 4% (16/387) of the animals, while 1% (5/387) were positive for M. bovis and 3% (11/387) for M. arginini. All samples were negative to the other agents. Herds with more than 150 animals [OR=3.51 (95% CI 1.11-11.08)], manual milking [OR=9.97 (95% CI 2.80-35.49)] and not-milking animals with mastitis last [OR=6.54 (95% CI 1.92-22.29)] were risk factors. The presence of these conditions may favor intramammary infection by Mollicutes in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. This is the first report of M. bovis in Rio de Janeiro and M. arginini in the studied states.

Bactérias da Classe Mollicutes estão associadas à infecção intramamária e diminuição da produção leiteira. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Mollicutes e elucidar seus fatores de risco em rebanhos leiteiros do sudeste brasileiro. Para isso, amostras de leite de 387 vacas em lactação dos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detectar Mollicutes. Espécies de Mycoplasma foram investigadas nas amostras positivas por PCR, incluindo Mycoplasma bovis, M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis, M. arginini e A. laidlawii. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para a coleta de dados sobre possíveis fatores de risco, que foram avaliados pelo teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson seguido de odds ratio (P≤0.05). Mollicutes foram detectados em 21% (4/19) dos rebanhos e 4% (16/387) dos animais, enquanto 1% (5/387) destes foram positivos para m. bovis, 3% (11/387) para m. arginini, sendo todas as amostras negativas para os demais agentes. Rebanhos com mais de 150 animais [OR=3,51 (95% IC 1,11-11,08)], ordenha manual [OR=9,97 (95% IC 2,80-35,49)] e ausência de linha de ordenha [OR=6,54 (95% IC 1,92-22,29)] foram considerados fatores de risco. A presença dessas condições pode favorecer a infecção intramamária por Mollicutes em rebanhos leiteiros no sudeste do Brasil. Este é o primeiro relato de M. bovis no Rio de Janeiro e M. arginini nos estados estudados.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Bacteria of Mollicutes Class are associated with intramammary infection and decrease in milk production. This study investigated the occurrence of Mollicutes and elucidated their risk factors in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. For this, milk samples from 387 lactation cows from Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Mollicutes. Species of Mycoplasma were investigated in Mollicutes positive samples by PCR, including Mycoplasma bovis, M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis, M. arginini and A. laidlawii. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to collect data on possible risk factors, which were assessed using Pearson's Chi-square test followed by odds ratio (P≤0.05). Mollicutes were reported in 21% (4/19) of the herds and 4% (16/387) of the animals, while 1% (5/387) were positive for M. bovis and 3% (11/387) for M. arginini. All samples were negative to the other agents. Herds with more than 150 animals [OR=3.51 (95% CI 1.11-11.08)], manual milking [OR=9.97 (95% CI 2.80-35.49)] and not-milking animals with mastitis last [OR=6.54 (95% CI 1.92-22.29)] were risk factors. The presence of these conditions may favor intramammary infection by Mollicutes in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. This is the first report of M. bovis in Rio de Janeiro and M. arginini in the studied states.(AU)

Bactérias da Classe Mollicutes estão associadas à infecção intramamária e diminuição da produção leiteira. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Mollicutes e elucidar seus fatores de risco em rebanhos leiteiros do sudeste brasileiro. Para isso, amostras de leite de 387 vacas em lactação dos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detectar Mollicutes. Espécies de Mycoplasma foram investigadas nas amostras positivas por PCR, incluindo Mycoplasma bovis, M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis, M. arginini e A. laidlawii. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para a coleta de dados sobre possíveis fatores de risco, que foram avaliados pelo teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson seguido de odds ratio (P≤0.05). Mollicutes foram detectados em 21% (4/19) dos rebanhos e 4% (16/387) dos animais, enquanto 1% (5/387) destes foram positivos para m. bovis, 3% (11/387) para m. arginini, sendo todas as amostras negativas para os demais agentes. Rebanhos com mais de 150 animais [OR=3,51 (95% IC 1,11-11,08)], ordenha manual [OR=9,97 (95% IC 2,80-35,49)] e ausência de linha de ordenha [OR=6,54 (95% IC 1,92-22,29)] foram considerados fatores de risco. A presença dessas condições pode favorecer a infecção intramamária por Mollicutes em rebanhos leiteiros no sudeste do Brasil. Este é o primeiro relato de M. bovis no Rio de Janeiro e M. arginini nos estados estudados.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Bacteria of Mollicutes Class are associated with intramammary infection and decrease in milk production. This study investigated the occurrence of Mollicutes and elucidated their risk factors in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. For this, milk samples from 387 lactation cows from Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Mollicutes. Species of Mycoplasma were investigated in Mollicutes positive samples by PCR, including Mycoplasma bovis, M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis, M. arginini and A. laidlawii. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to collect data on possible risk factors, which were assessed using Pearson's Chi-square test followed by odds ratio (P≤0.05). Mollicutes were reported in 21% (4/19) of the herds and 4% (16/387) of the animals, while 1% (5/387) were positive for M. bovis and 3% (11/387) for M. arginini. All samples were negative to the other agents. Herds with more than 150 animals [OR=3.51 (95% CI 1.11-11.08)], manual milking [OR=9.97 (95% CI 2.80-35.49)] and not-milking animals with mastitis last [OR=6.54 (95% CI 1.92-22.29)] were risk factors. The presence of these conditions may favor intramammary infection by Mollicutes in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. This is the first report of M. bovis in Rio de Janeiro and M. arginini in the studied states.

RESUMO: Bactérias da Classe Mollicutes estão associadas à infecção intramamária e diminuição da produção leiteira. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Mollicutes e elucidar seus fatores de risco em rebanhos leiteiros do sudeste brasileiro. Para isso, amostras de leite de 387 vacas em lactação dos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detectar Mollicutes. Espécies de Mycoplasma foram investigadas nas amostras positivas por PCR, incluindo Mycoplasma bovis, M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis, M. arginini e A. laidlawii. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para a coleta de dados sobre possíveis fatores de risco, que foram avaliados pelo teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson seguido de odds ratio (P≤0.05). Mollicutes foram detectados em 21% (4/19) dos rebanhos e 4% (16/387) dos animais, enquanto 1% (5/387) destes foram positivos para m. bovis, 3% (11/387) para m. arginini, sendo todas as amostras negativas para os demais agentes. Rebanhos com mais de 150 animais [OR=3,51 (95% IC 1,11-11,08)], ordenha manual [OR=9,97 (95% IC 2,80-35,49)] e ausência de linha de ordenha [OR=6,54 (95% IC 1,92-22,29)] foram considerados fatores de risco. A presença dessas condições pode favorecer a infecção intramamária por Mollicutes em rebanhos leiteiros no sudeste do Brasil. Este é o primeiro relato de M. bovis no Rio de Janeiro e M. arginini nos estados estudados.

RESUMEN

This study was conducted to assess effects of two hormonal treatments on ovarian follicular status, estrous synchrony and fertility in dairy goats during the non-breeding season when duration of progestogen device use varied by 12 h. In both experiments, does were administered 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate via intravaginal devices, respectively, for 6 and 6.5 d (G6 and G6.5). At 24 or 36 h before device removal, 200 IU of eCG im and 30 µg d-cloprostenol im were administered. In Experiment 1 (n = 24), data related to sexual behavior and that were collected using ovarian ultrasonography were recorded, and in Experiment 2 (n = 83) fertility was assessed after Flexible Time Artificial Insemination (FxTAI). The interval from device removal to estrus was shorter (P < 0.05) after imposing the G6.5 treatment regimen. Diameter of largest and second-largest ovarian follicles and interval from device removal to ovulation were similar (P> 0.05) between groups. The does treated with the G6.5 hormonal regimen had greater estrous synchrony, associated with greater development of largest follicles at the time of device removal, which might have led to a lesser fertility rate (P > 0.05). Conversely, treatment with the G6 hormonal regimen resulted in a greater conception rate. In conclusion, increasing time the intravaginal device is inserted from 6 to 6.5 d resulted in greater estrous synchrony, advanced ovarian follicular development, abnormal CL function and lesser pregnancy rates in artificially inseminated dairy goats when there were treatments during the non-breeding season.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) is a globally distributed disease caused by a lentivirus. EIA is a notifiable disease that should be reported to the Official Veterinary Service (SVO). Outbreaks are controlled by sacrificing the EIA-positive animals. The study analysed the prevalence of EIA in 165 Equidae seized on public roads in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2015 to 2018. After the seizure and identification of the Equidae, blood was collected to diagnose EIA. A prevalence of 11.8% was observed among the Equidae seized, and the main risk factor was the region of seizure. A kernel-smoothed map showed areas with the highest density of EIA-positive Equidae in the centre and to the east of the study area. In this region, the chance of seizing an equine positive for EIA was greater (OR=3.6) relative to the remaining region. The implementation and maintenance of Equidae seizures and subsequent diagnostic testing for EIA in the municipality of Petrópolis were shown to have great importance for the control and prevention of the disease. Indicating the place of seizure on the identification cards of the animals enabled delineation of the locations in the municipality of Petrópolis, that had a higher risk of EIA-positive animals.(AU)

A anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) é uma doença globalmente distribuída causada por um lentivírus. AIE é uma doença de notificação obrigatória que deve ser relatada ao Serviço Veterinário Oficial (SVO), e os surtos são controlados pelo sacrifício dos animais positivos para AIE. O presente estudo analisou a prevalência de AIE em 165 equídeos apreendidos em vias públicas no município de Petrópolis, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período de 2015 a 2018. Após a apreensão e identificação dos equídeos seu sangue foi coletado para diagnosticar a AIE. Observou-se uma prevalência real de 11,8% entre os equídeos apreendidos, sendo que o principal fator de risco identificado foi a região de apreensão. O Mapa de Kernel mostrou que as áreas com maior densidade de equídeos positivos estavam no centro e leste da área de estudo. Nesta região, houve maior chance (OR = 3,6) de apreender um animal positivo para AIE em relação ao da outra região, composto pelos 34 locais restantes. A implementação e manutenção de apreensão de equídeos e posterior teste de diagnóstico para AIE no município de Petrópolis, RJ, mostrou-se de grande importância para o controle e prevenção da doença. A indicação do local da apreensão nos cartões de identificação dos animais possibilitou um delineamento dos locais no município de Petrópolis, RJ, que apresentavam maior risco de animais positivos para AIE.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Neospora caninum is a widely distributed parasite, which significantly impacts reproduction in ruminants. This study aimed to survey the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis infection in commercial herds of sheep in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three hundred sheep serum samples were used to investigate anti-N. caninum antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence reaction at a 1:40 dilution. The presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was detected in 20.3% (61/300) of the samples evaluated; however, positive reactions were observed in all (13/13) flocks sampled. Sheep breeds > 1 year of age had 1.2-fold higher risk for infection with N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2 [95% confidence interval 1-5.1]; P < 0.001). These findings should raise awareness on the importance of serological screening, identification of risk factors, and maintenance of preventive measures, such as not allowing dogs to contact sheep feed and not offering the placental remains of ruminants to canids.(AU)

Neospora caninum é um parasita amplamente distribuído e de grande importância para a reprodução de ruminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da soroprevalência e dos fatores de risco associados à neosporose em rebanhos comerciais de ovinos no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas 300 amostras de soro de ovelhas para investigar anti-N. caninum por Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFAT) com uma diluição de 1:40. A presença de anticorpos anti-N. caninum foi detectada em 20.3 % (61/300) das amostras avaliadas. Reações positivas foram observadas em todos (13/13) os rebanhos amostrados. Ovinos com mais de um ano tiveram 1.2 mais chances de serem infectados por N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2, intervalo de confiança 1-5.1) (P < 0.001). Com esses dados, chamamos atenção para a importância da triagem sorológica, identificação de fatores de risco e manutenção de medidas de prevalência, como não permitir que os cães entrem em contato com a alimentação das ovelhas e não oferecer os restos placentários dos ruminantes aos canídeos.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the duration of progesterone-based estrus induction protocols on preovulatory follicular dynamics, ovulatory response, and embryo yield after non-surgical embryo recovery (NSER) in Lacaune ewes. Females received acetate medroxyprogesterone intravaginal sponges for six (G-6; n = 14) or nine (G-9; n = 14) days plus d-cloprostenol and eCG 24 h before sponge removal (Day 0). Preovulatory follicular dynamics and the luteal characteristics are evaluated by B-mode and Color-Doppler ultrasonography. NSER was performed five to six days after ovulation. The estrous behavior rate was 85.7% for both groups, and the percentage of ewes that ovulated was 92.9% in G-6 and 100% in G-9. The day of wave emergence (relative to Day 0) did not differ (P > 0.05) between G-6 (-3.0 ±â€¯0.5) and G-9 (-4.2 ±â€¯0.5). The number of follicles of size 4.1-5.0 mm was higher (P < 0.05) in G-9 (1.4 ±â€¯0.2) compared to G-6 (0.8 ±â€¯0.2) during the Days -4 to 0. At NSER, the transcervical penetration rate was 95.2% (20/21) and its duration time was lower (P < 0.05) in G-9 (3.4 ±â€¯0.6 min) than in G-6 (7.2 ±â€¯1.3 min). The number of ovulations and viable embryos was higher (P < 0.05) in G-9 (2.9 ±â€¯0.3 and 1.3 ±â€¯0.4, respectively) than in G-6 (1.9 ±â€¯0.3 and 0.4 ±â€¯0.2, respectively). In conclusion, the 9-day protocol promoted higher ovulation rate and embryo yield; moreover, the cervical dilation treatment allowed NSER in a high percentage of Lacaune ewes.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Neospora caninum is a widely distributed parasite, which significantly impacts reproduction in ruminants. This study aimed to survey the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis infection in commercial herds of sheep in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three hundred sheep serum samples were used to investigate anti-N. caninum antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence reaction at a 1:40 dilution. The presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was detected in 20.3% (61/300) of the samples evaluated; however, positive reactions were observed in all (13/13) flocks sampled. Sheep breeds > 1 year of age had 1.2-fold higher risk for infection with N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2 [95% confidence interval 1-5.1]; P < 0.001). These findings should raise awareness on the importance of serological screening, identification of risk factors, and maintenance of preventive measures, such as not allowing dogs to contact sheep feed and not offering the placental remains of ruminants to canids.

Neospora caninum é um parasita amplamente distribuído e de grande importância para a reprodução de ruminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da soroprevalência e dos fatores de risco associados à neosporose em rebanhos comerciais de ovinos no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas 300 amostras de soro de ovelhas para investigar anti-N. caninum por Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFAT) com uma diluição de 1:40. A presença de anticorpos anti-N. caninum foi detectada em 20.3 % (61/300) das amostras avaliadas. Reações positivas foram observadas em todos (13/13) os rebanhos amostrados. Ovinos com mais de um ano tiveram 1.2 mais chances de serem infectados por N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2, intervalo de confiança 1-5.1) (P < 0.001). Com esses dados, chamamos atenção para a importância da triagem sorológica, identificação de fatores de risco e manutenção de medidas de prevalência, como não permitir que os cães entrem em contato com a alimentação das ovelhas e não oferecer os restos placentários dos ruminantes aos canídeos.

Asunto(s)