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OBJETIVO: Explorar as percepções dos pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) sobre uma intervenção de esportes modificados, intitulada Sports Stars Brasil. MÉTODOS: Pais de crianças (n = 15, com idades de 6 a 12 anos) com PC, classificadas nos níveis I e II do GMFCS, que participaram do Sports Stars Brasil, foram recrutados para este estudo qualitativo descritivo. As crianças receberam uma intervenção de esportes modificados de oito semanas (1 hora por semana). Após a intervenção, os pais participaram de um grupo focal. A interpretação das "minhas palavras favoritas" (saúde, família, diversão, funcionalidade, amigos e futuro) da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde foi usada para orientar a os grupos focais. As transcrições foram codificadas usando a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os pais relataram experiências positivas com o Sports Stars Brasil, incluindo a redução do sedentarismo ("Saúde"), melhora das habilidades motoras ("Funcionalidade"), maior conexão entre a criança e a família ("Família"), melhor socialização ("Amigos"), aumento na participação em atividades prazerosas ("Diversão") e conscientização sobre a importância da atividade física ("Futuro"). Todas as experiências positivas estavam interconectadas. INTERPRETAÇÃO: A capacidade do Sports Stars de integrar todos os aspectos do funcionalidade apoia seu papel como uma opção de intervenção promissora para crianças com PC deambulantes.

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AIM: To explore the perceptions of parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) participating in a modified sports intervention, Sports Stars Brazil. METHOD: Parents of children with CP (n = 15, 6-12 years old, nine males, six females), classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II, who participated in the Sports Stars Brazil intervention, were recruited for this descriptive qualitative study. Children received the 8-week (1 hour per week) modified sports intervention. After the intervention, parents participated in a focus group. The F-word (fitness, family, fun, functioning, friends, and future) interpretation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was used to guide the discussion. Participants were invited to report their experience of participating in the intervention using the F-words for a childhood disability model. Transcripts were coded using content analysis. RESULTS: Parents reported positive experiences of the Sports Stars Brazil intervention, including a decrease in sedentarism (fitness), improvement of motor skills (functioning), greater connection between child and family (family), better socialization (friends), increased participation in pleasurable activities (fun), and awareness of the importance of physical activity (future). All positive experiences were interconnected. INTERPRETATION: This study presents the ability of the Sports Stars Brazil intervention to integrate all aspects of functioning and supports its role as an engaging and promising intervention option for ambulant children with CP.

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Resumo: Introdução: A educação interprofissional (EIP) procura desenvolver habilidades colaborativas dos profissionais de saúde para a melhoria do cuidado ao paciente. Objetivo: Essa revisão explora as estratégias educacionais não pontuais utilizadas na formação interprofissional, na graduação em saúde, identificando seus potenciais e suas fragilidades. Método: A busca incluiu artigos publicados nas bases de dados BVS (LILACS), Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase e MEDLINE. Definiu-se a questão de pesquisa pelo anagrama PICO: selecionaram-se estudos que incluíssem, pelo menos, dois cursos de graduação em saúde, sendo um deles de Medicina, e que relatassem estratégia educacional mínima de 15 horas e sua avaliação. Resumos publicados em congressos, opiniões, editoriais e revisões sistemáticas foram excluídos. Resultado: Avaliaram-se 28 estudos publicados entre 2005 e 2019, sendo 31% no último biênio. Prevaleceram a simulação (36%) ou o uso de métodos combinados (29%) na avaliação de atitudes dos alunos, a compreensão dos papéis dos profissionais de saúde, o trabalho em equipe, a comunicação e o conhecimento em resposta à intervenções de EIP. Predominaram estudos nos domínios: papéis e responsabilidades (75%) e trabalho em equipe (64%). A abordagem de valores e ética (32%) e de comunicação (28%) foi menos frequente. Dos artigos, 18 (64%) apresentavam dois ou mais objetivos e seis (18%) buscavam estudar, em conjunto, os quatro domínios da EIP. Entre as intervenções utilizadas como estratégias de ensino, 36% (dez estudos) eram de simulação; 29% (oito), métodos combinados; 18% (cinco), prática clínica (trabalho colaborativo em unidades ambulatoriais ou enfermarias); 14% (quatro), observação direta (shadowing); 11%, aprendizagem baseada em problemas; e dois, aprendizado on-line (e-learning) e workshop. A qualidade geral dos estudos incluídos foi baixa, atendendo de dois a cinco dos seis critérios de qualidade. O cegamento do avaliador não foi citado em 25 publicações. O trabalho colaborativo em cenários reais é descrito como o mais eficiente. Conclusão: A EIP vem sendo incorporada ao processo de formação na saúde, e múltiplas estratégias focadas em resultados e baseadas em competências otimizam a construção de relações efetivas e o desenvolvimento de habilidades para a prática colaborativa. A fragilidade dos artigos aponta que a EIP de estudantes ainda constitui grande desafio para as instituições formadoras.

Abstract: Introduction: Interprofessional Education (IPE) seeks to develop collaborative practice among health professionals to improve patient care. Objective: This systematic review exploits the non-punctual IPE strategies in undergraduate health courses, identifying their potential and weaknesses. Method: The search included articles published in the LILACS, COCHRANE, CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE. The research question was defined by the PICO anagram: studies were selected that included at least two undergraduate health courses, one of them in Medicine, and that reported a minimum educational strategy of 15 hours and its review. Abstracts published in congresses, opinions, editorials, and systematic reviews were excluded. Results: There have been 28 reviewed studies published between 2005-2019, 31% of which have been in the last two years. The dominant themes were simulation (36%) or the use of combined methods (29%) in the assessment of student attitudes, understanding of health professionals' roles, teamwork, communication, and knowledge in response to IPE interventions. Studies in the Domains - Roles and responsibilities (75%) and teamwork (64%) predominated. The approach to values and ethics (32%); communication (28%) was less frequent. 18 articles (64%) had two or more objectives and six articles (18%) sought to study the four domains of IPE together. Among the interventions used as teaching strategies, 36% (10 studies) were simulation, 29% (8 studies) combined methods, 18% (5 studies) clinical practice (collaborative work in outpatient units or wards), 14% (4 studies) direct observation (shadowing), 11% problem-based learning, and 2 online learning studies (e-learning) and workshops. The overall quality of the included studies was low, meeting two to five of the six quality criteria. Blind peer reviewing was not cited in 25 publications. Collaborative work in real settings is described as the most efficient. Conclusion: IPE has been incorporated in the process of healthcare training and multiple results-based competence optimizes effective relationship development and the abilities needed in the collaborative practice. The fragility of the articles indicates that the interprofessional education of students is still a great challenge for educational institutions.

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PURPOSE: Verifying the association between clinical-functional vulnerability and vocal and auditory self-perception in seniors presenting a history of leprosy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study encompassing 117 elderly people from an old leprosy colony in southeastern Brazil. The research analyzed sociodemographic information and the following protocols: Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S), Screening for Vocal Change in the Elderly (RAVI) and Vocal Handicap Index 10 (IDV-10). For data analysis, the ordinal logistic regression model of proportional odds was used. RESULTS: 37.6% of the elderly were classified as robust, 35.0% at risk of fragility and 27.4% as frail. Vocal alteration (RAVI), vocal handicap (IDV-10) and restriction to auditory participation (HHIE-S) were observed in 65.8%, 24.8% and 48.7% respectively, in the studied population. In the multivariate analysis, it was found the oldest group (OR = 1.11; CI: 1.05-1.16) and those with vocal handicap (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.77-9.56) were more likely to be classified as at risk of fragility or already fragile. The simultaneous presence of vocal handicap and restriction of auditory participation (46.9%) was larger among frail elderly people. CONCLUSION: The increasing age of the elderly and the presence of vocal handicap is associated with greater clinical-functional vulnerability. The high prevalence of both voice and hearing disorders reinforces the need for the speech therapist to be included in public policies, directed towards caring for people with a history of leprosy.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional e autopercepção vocal e auditiva de idosos com histórico de hanseníase. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 117 idosos de uma antiga colônia de hanseníase no sudeste do Brasil. Foram analisadas informações sociodemográficas, e os protocolos: Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-funcional (IVCF-20), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S), Rastreio de Alteração Vocal em Idosos (RAVI) e Índice de Desvantagem Vocal 10 (IDV-10). O IVCF-20 classifica o idoso como robusto, em risco de fragilização e frágil. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística ordinal de chances proporcionais. RESULTADOS: 37,6% dos idosos foram classificados em robustos, 35,0% em risco de fragilização e 27,4% em frágeis. A alteração vocal (RAVI), desvantagem vocal (IDV-10) e restrição à participação auditiva (HHIE-S) foram observadas em 65,8%, 24,8% e 48,7% dos idosos, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, verificou-se que idosos mais velhos (OR=1,11; IC: 1,05-1,16) e com desvantagem vocal (OR=4,11; IC 95%: 1,77-9,56) tiveram maiores chances de serem classificados como em risco de fragilização ou frágil. A presença simultânea de desvantagem vocal e restrição à participação auditiva (46,9%) foi maior entre os idosos frágeis. CONCLUSÃO: O aumento da idade dos idosos e a presença de desvantagem vocal tem associação com a maior vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional. As altas prevalências de alterações vocais e auditivas reforçam a necessidade da inclusão do fonoaudiólogo nas políticas públicas voltadas ao cuidado de pessoas com histórico de hanseníase.

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BACKGROUND: Motor learning (ML) science is foundational for physical therapy. However, multiple sources of evidence have indicated a science-practice gap. Clinicians report low self-efficacy with ML concepts and indicate that the lack of access to systematic training is a barrier for practical implementation. The general goal of this preliminary study was to describe the effects of a new educational intervention on physical therapy student's ML self-efficacy and knowledge. METHODS: Self-efficacy was assessed with the Physical Therapists' Perceptions of Motor Learning questionnaire. Data was acquired from third-semester students before their participation in the ML educational intervention. Reference self-efficacy data was also acquired from physical therapy professionals and first and last-semester students. The educational intervention for third-semester students was designed around an established framework to apply ML principles to rehabilitation. A direct experience, the "Learning by Doing" approach, in which students had to choose a motor skill to acquire over 10 weeks, provided the opportunity to apply ML theory to practice in a personally meaningful way. After the intervention self-efficacy was re-tested. ML knowledge was tested with an objective final exam. Content analysis of coursework material was used to determine how students comprehended ML theory and related it to their practical experience. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare self-efficacy scores between the four groups. Changes in self-efficacy after the educational intervention were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to test the association between self-efficacy and final exam grades. RESULTS: By the end of the intervention, students' self-efficacy had significantly increased (p < 0.03), was higher than that of senior students (p < 0.00) and experienced professionals (p < 0.00) and correlated with performance on an objective knowledge test (p < 0.03). Content analysis revealed that students learned to apply the elements of ML-based interventions present in the scientific literature to a real-life, structured ML program tailored to personal objectives. CONCLUSIONS: Positive improvements were observed after the intervention. These results need confirmation with a controlled study. Because self-efficacy mediates the clinical application of knowledge and skills, systematic, active training in ML may help reduce the science-practice gap.

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Malaria is a global public health problem that causes approximately 445 000 deaths annually worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries. Because of the high prevalence and mortality of the disease, new and less toxic therapeutic agents need to be developed, such as MEFAS, a low-cost hybrid salt that consists of artesunate and mefloquine. However, the efficacy of MEFAS has been systematically demonstrated, its safety requires further investigation. This study investigated the acute toxicity of MEFAS and its precursors, artesunate, and mefloquine. A total of 42 female Swiss mice were divided into seven groups (n = 6/group) that were treated orally by gavage with vehicle (filtered water, negative control), MEFAS (50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg), and 1:1 concentrations of artesunate + mefloquine (50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Clinical signs of toxicity were observed for 14 d after treatment. On day 15, the animals were weighed, deeply anesthetized with isoflurane, and euthanized for subsequent collection of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. The relative organ weights were determined, followed by histopathological analysis. Artesunate + mefloquine produced toxic effects compared with the negative control group, reflected by changes in clinical signs, relative organ weights, and histopathological alterations. In MEFAS-treated animals, no changes were observed compared with the negative control group. These findings demonstrate that MEFAS is safer than artesunate + mefloquine after acute administration in mice.

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RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a associação entre vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional e autopercepção vocal e auditiva de idosos com histórico de hanseníase. Método Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 117 idosos de uma antiga colônia de hanseníase no sudeste do Brasil. Foram analisadas informações sociodemográficas, e os protocolos: Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-funcional (IVCF-20), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S), Rastreio de Alteração Vocal em Idosos (RAVI) e Índice de Desvantagem Vocal 10 (IDV-10). O IVCF-20 classifica o idoso como robusto, em risco de fragilização e frágil. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística ordinal de chances proporcionais. Resultados 37,6% dos idosos foram classificados em robustos, 35,0% em risco de fragilização e 27,4% em frágeis. A alteração vocal (RAVI), desvantagem vocal (IDV-10) e restrição à participação auditiva (HHIE-S) foram observadas em 65,8%, 24,8% e 48,7% dos idosos, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, verificou-se que idosos mais velhos (OR=1,11; IC: 1,05-1,16) e com desvantagem vocal (OR=4,11; IC 95%: 1,77-9,56) tiveram maiores chances de serem classificados como em risco de fragilização ou frágil. A presença simultânea de desvantagem vocal e restrição à participação auditiva (46,9%) foi maior entre os idosos frágeis. Conclusão O aumento da idade dos idosos e a presença de desvantagem vocal tem associação com a maior vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional. As altas prevalências de alterações vocais e auditivas reforçam a necessidade da inclusão do fonoaudiólogo nas políticas públicas voltadas ao cuidado de pessoas com histórico de hanseníase.

ABSTRACT Purpose Verifying the association between clinical-functional vulnerability and vocal and auditory self-perception in seniors presenting a history of leprosy. Methods Cross-sectional study encompassing 117 elderly people from an old leprosy colony in southeastern Brazil. The research analyzed sociodemographic information and the following protocols: Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S), Screening for Vocal Change in the Elderly (RAVI) and Vocal Handicap Index 10 (IDV-10). For data analysis, the ordinal logistic regression model of proportional odds was used. Results 37.6% of the elderly were classified as robust, 35.0% at risk of fragility and 27.4% as frail. Vocal alteration (RAVI), vocal handicap (IDV-10) and restriction to auditory participation (HHIE-S) were observed in 65.8%, 24.8% and 48.7% respectively, in the studied population. In the multivariate analysis, it was found the oldest group (OR = 1.11; CI: 1.05-1.16) and those with vocal handicap (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.77-9.56) were more likely to be classified as at risk of fragility or already fragile. The simultaneous presence of vocal handicap and restriction of auditory participation (46.9%) was larger among frail elderly people. Conclusion The increasing age of the elderly and the presence of vocal handicap is associated with greater clinical-functional vulnerability. The high prevalence of both voice and hearing disorders reinforces the need for the speech therapist to be included in public policies, directed towards caring for people with a history of leprosy.

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BACKGROUND: Excessive stress and anxiety can impair learning. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a valuable tool to assess and promote the acquisition of clinical skills. However, significant OSCE-related stress and anxiety are frequently reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between physiological stress, self-reported levels of anxiety due to an OSCE, self-efficacy, and the meanings that physical therapy students attribute to their experience with the exam. DESIGN: Concurrent mixed methods study. METHODS: A total of 32 students took part in this study. All were enrolled in the third semester of a 10-semester Physical Therapy Bachelor Program. Salivary cortisol levels, self-reported anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI) were measured before the OSCE. Exam scores and self-efficacy ratings were also recorded. Correlations between variables were tested with the Pearson correlation, with ɑ at 0.05. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the personal perspectives of students. Thematic analysis was used to investigate emergent themes. RESULTS: Trait anxiety scores were significantly higher than normative values (p < 0.001). A high proportion of students showed high (STAI> 49) state anxiety (37.5%) and trait anxiety (65.6%). Salivary cortisol was not associated anxiety (p > 0.05). Neither stress nor anxiety correlated with OSCE scores. A moderate and significant direct correlation was found for self-efficacy scores and OSCE scores (r = 0.475, p = 0.007). Students reported that confidence had a calming effect and led to better self-perceived performance. They also reported that the OSCE can provide meaningful learning experiences despite being stressful. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of our students reported a stable/lingering negative affect. However, neither stress nor anxiety related to OSCE scores. Students' confidence in their capabilities was correlated with their performance. Their subjective reports suggest that self-confidence may have protected them from the negative effects of stress and anxiety on academic performance.

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BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is known to increase health care use in high-income countries, but in Brazil, little is known. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between chronic pain and health care use among Brazilian older adults and explore the relationship between pain severity and health care use. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was derived from the population-based study Frailty in Brazilian Older People-FIBRA. Chronic pain, pain intensity and pain-related disability were assessed through additional telephone interviews. Health care use was measured by the number of doctor visits, hospitalization events and high health care use (highest quartile of the distribution for number of doctor visits) in the last 12 months. Associations were tested in regression analyses adjusted for predisposing, enabling and illness-level components from the Andersen Model. RESULTS: The 383 participants were predominantly female (71.0%), mean age was 75.6 (6.1 SD). The prevalence of chronic pain was 30.0%. Chronic pain was associated with number of doctor visits [unstandardized B coefficient 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.35-2.62] and high health care use [odds ratios (OR) = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.39-3.72]. Pain intensity was associated with high health care use in univariate (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.06-1.20) but not multivariate analysis (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.94-1.33). Pain-related disability was not associated with any outcome. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain increased health care use among Brazilian older adults. Improving the quality of primary care management of individuals at greater risk of chronic pain should be a cornerstone of health policies directed towards reducing the personal and societal burden of ageing.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of the physical and social surroundings of the neighborhood, which are presented as facilitators or barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults. METHODS: The study was conducted in a probabilistic representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and older and who lived in urban areas (n = 7,935). The response variable was social participation, which was defined from two questions about activities performed with other persons: visited friends or relatives in their homes in the last 12 months (yes, no); went out with other persons to public places, such as restaurant, movies, club, park, in the last 12 months (yes, no). The explanatory variables included fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks, concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train, difficulty to cross streets, and perception of violence in the neighborhood. Potential confounding variables included age, marital status, education level, self-rated health, living in an asphalted or paved street, time living in the municipality, and socioeconomic position score. Prevalence ratios and respective confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULT: Difficulty to cross streets presented an independent association with restricted social participation (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.93-0.98) among both women (PR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.92-0.99) and men (PR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.90-0.99). Concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train was associated with the outcome only among men (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.91-0.99). The fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks and the perception of violence in the neighborhood were not associated with social participation. CONCLUSIONS: Urban characteristics that hinder the crossing of streets and accessibility to public transport can be inferred as important barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults.

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RESUMO A mielomeningocele é causada por defeito no fechamento do tubo neural. A doença representa a segunda causa de deficiência crônica no aparelho locomotor em crianças. A independência funcional depende do nível da lesão medular e sua avaliação é importante para a determinação de abordagens terapêuticas adequadas. O objetivo foi descrever a independência funcional e o nível de lesão de 15 crianças de seis meses a quatro anos com lesão medular completa causada por mielomeningocele. Foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo transversal nas Universidades Ibirapuera e Santa Cecília. O Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - PEDI) foi aplicado com os pais, para avaliação da independência funcional nas atividades de vida diária das crianças. A escala de Padrões Internacionais para Classificação Neurológica de Lesão da Medula Espinhal da Associação Americana de Lesão Medular (International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury of the American Spinal Injury Association) foi utilizada para determinar o nível motor e sensitivo da lesão. Foram avaliados seis meninos e nove meninas (27,0±11,8 meses de idade). Três crianças apresentaram lesão torácica, nove apresentaram lesão lombar alta, duas apresentaram lesão lombar baixa e uma apresentou lesão sacral. As pontuações na PEDI variaram de 15 a 60% no domínio autocuidado, de 10 a 15% no domínio mobilidade e de 19 a 58% no domínio função social. Houve grande variabilidade no desempenho funcional de crianças com mielomeningocele, detectada pelos domínios autocuidado e função social da PEDI. As crianças apresentaram grande prejuízo no domínio mobilidade.

RESUMEN El mielomeningocele es causado por defecto en el cierre del tubo neural. La enfermedad representa la segunda causa de deficiencia crónica en el aparato locomotor en niños. La independencia funcional depende del nivel de la lesión medular y su evaluación es importante para determinar enfoques terapéuticos adecuados. El objetivo fue describir la independencia funcional y el nivel de lesión de 15 niños de seis meses a cuatro años con lesión medular completa causada por mielomeningocele. Se realizó un estudio observacional del tipo transversal en las Universidades Ibirapuera y Santa Cecilia. Se aplicó el Inventario de Evaluación Pediátrica de Discapacidad (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, PEDI) con los padres para evaluar la independencia funcional en las actividades de vida diaria de los niños. La escala de Estándares Internacionales para la Clasificación Neurológica de la Lesión Medular de la Asociación Americana de la Lesión Medular (International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury of the American Spinal Injury Association) fue utilizada para determinar el nivel motor y sensitivo de la lesión. Se evaluaron seis niños y nueve niñas (27,0 ± 11,8 meses de edad). Tres niños presentaron lesión torácica, nueve presentaron lesión lumbar alta, dos presentaron lesión lumbar baja y una presentó lesión en el sacro. Las puntuaciones en la PEDI variaron del 15 al 60% en el dominio autocuidado, del 10 al 15% en el ámbito de la movilidad y del 19 al 58% en el ámbito de la función social. Hubo gran variabilidad en el desempeño funcional de los niños con mielomeningocele, detectada por los campos autocuidado y función social de la PEDI. Los niños presentaron gran daño en el dominio de la movilidad.

ABSTRACT Myelomeningocele is caused by neural tube closure defects and represents the second cause of locomotion disability in children. Functional independence depends on level of spine injury and assessment is important to determine proper therapeutic approaches. We aimed to describe functional Independence and level of injury in 15 children, aged one to four years and with complete spinal cord injury caused by myelomeningocele. This is an observational transversal study developed in the Ibirapuera University and Santa Cecília University. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was used to ask parents about the functional independence of children in daily life activities. The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury of the American Spinal Injury Association was used to determine the motor and sensory levels. Nine girls and six boys were assessed (27.0 ±11.8 months of age). Three children showed thoracic level, nine showed high lumbar level, two were classified as low lumbar, and one as sacral level. PEDI scores varied from 15 to 60% on the self-care area, from 10 to 15% on mobility, and from 19 to 58% on social function. High variability was observed on the functional independence of children with myelomeningocele, detected by self-care and social function areas of PEDI. Mobility was the most affected domain.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of the physical and social surroundings of the neighborhood, which are presented as facilitators or barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults. METHODS The study was conducted in a probabilistic representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and older and who lived in urban areas (n = 7,935). The response variable was social participation, which was defined from two questions about activities performed with other persons: visited friends or relatives in their homes in the last 12 months (yes, no); went out with other persons to public places, such as restaurant, movies, club, park, in the last 12 months (yes, no). The explanatory variables included fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks, concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train, difficulty to cross streets, and perception of violence in the neighborhood. Potential confounding variables included age, marital status, education level, self-rated health, living in an asphalted or paved street, time living in the municipality, and socioeconomic position score. Prevalence ratios and respective confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULT Difficulty to cross streets presented an independent association with restricted social participation (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.93-0.98) among both women (PR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.92-0.99) and men (PR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.90-0.99). Concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train was associated with the outcome only among men (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.91-0.99). The fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks and the perception of violence in the neighborhood were not associated with social participation. CONCLUSIONS Urban characteristics that hinder the crossing of streets and accessibility to public transport can be inferred as important barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Determinar o impacto do entorno físico e social da vizinhança, que se apresentam como facilitadores ou barreiras, para a participação social de adultos mais velhos brasileiros. MÉTODOS O estudo foi conduzido em amostra probabilística representativa da população brasileira, residente em áreas urbanas, com 50 anos ou mais de idade (n = 7.935). A variável resposta foi participação social, definida a partir de duas perguntas sobre atividades realizadas com outras pessoas: visitou seus amigos ou familiares em suas casas nos últimos 12 meses (sim, não); saiu com outras pessoas para lugares públicos, como restaurante, cinema, clube, praça, nos últimos 12 meses (sim, não). As variáveis explicativas incluíram medo de cair por causa de defeitos nos passeios, preocupação com a dificuldade de subir em ônibus, metrô ou trem, dificuldade em atravessar a rua e percepção de violência na vizinhança. As potenciais variáveis de confusão incluíram faixa etária, situação conjugal, escolaridade, autoavaliação da saúde, residência em rua asfaltada ou pavimentada, tempo de moradia no município e escore de indicador de posição socioeconômica. Razões de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança foram estimados por meio da regressão de Poisson. RESULTADO A dificuldade em atravessar a rua apresentou associação independente com a restrição para participação social (RP = 0,95; IC95% 0,93-0,98), tanto entre as mulheres (RP = 0,96; IC95% 0,92-0,99) quanto entre os homens (RP = 0,94; IC95% 0,90-0,99). A preocupação com a dificuldade de subir em ônibus, metrô ou trem apresentou associação com o desfecho somente entre os homens (RP = 0,95; IC95% 0,91-0,99). O medo de cair por causa de defeitos nos passeios e a percepção de violência na vizinhança não foram associados à participação social. CONCLUSÕES Características urbanas que ocasionam dificuldade em atravessar a rua e a acessibilidade ao transporte público podem ser inferidas como importantes barreiras para a participação social de adultos mais velhos brasileiros.

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Abstract Conservative approach, including occlusal splint therapy, is the first option to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD), because of its reversibility. The present study analyzed the effect of the articular disc position and occlusal splints use on the stress distribution on this disc. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) model of the temporomandibular joint with the articular disc at its physiologic position was constructed based on cone-beam computed tomography. Three other FE models were created changing the disc position, according to occlusal splint use and anterior disc displacement condition. Structural stress distribution analysis was performed using Marc-Mentat package. The equivalent von Mises stress was used to compare the study factor. Higher stress concentration was observed on the intermediate to anterior zone of the disc, with maximum values over 2MPa. No relevant difference was verified on the stress distribution and magnitude comparing disc positions and occlusal splint use. However, there was stress reduction arising from the use of the occlusal splints in cases of anterior disc displacement. In conclusion, based on the generated FE models and established boundary conditions, the stress increased at the intermediate zone of the TMJ disc during physiological mandible closure. The stress magnitude was similar in all tested situations

Resumo Abordagens conservadoras, incluindo o uso de placas oclusais, são as primeiras opções de tratamento para disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), devido à sua reversibilidade. O presente estudo analisou o efeito da posição do disco articular e do uso de placa oclusal na distribuição de tensões no disco. Um modelo bidimensional (2D) de articulação temporomandibular (ATM) em posição fisiológica, foi desenvolvido para análise pelo método de elementos finitos, baseado em imagens de tomografia computadorizada do tipo cone-beam. Três outros modelos foram criados alterando a posição do disco de acordo com o uso de placa oclusal e condição de deslocamento anterior do disco. Uma análise estrutural da distribuição de tensões foi realizada no software Marc-Mentat, e equivalente Von Mises foi usado para comparar os fatores em estudo. Maior concentração de tensão foi observada na zona intermediária para a zona anterior do disco, atingindo valores máximos acima de 2 MPa. Nenhuma diferença relevante foi verificada na localização e magnitude das tensões quando comparadas as posições do disco e uso de placa oclusal. No entanto, houve pequena redução das tensões decorrente do uso de placa oclusal em caso de deslocamento anterior do disco. Conclui-se que mediante os modelos criados e condições de contorno estabelecidas, as tensões na zona intermediária do disco aumentam durante o fechamento mandibular fisiológico. A magnitude das tensões foi semelhante em todas as situações testadas

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Conservative approach, including occlusal splint therapy, is the first option to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD), because of its reversibility. The present study analyzed the effect of the articular disc position and occlusal splints use on the stress distribution on this disc. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) model of the temporomandibular joint with the articular disc at its physiologic position was constructed based on cone-beam computed tomography. Three other FE models were created changing the disc position, according to occlusal splint use and anterior disc displacement condition. Structural stress distribution analysis was performed using Marc-Mentat package. The equivalent von Mises stress was used to compare the study factor. Higher stress concentration was observed on the intermediate to anterior zone of the disc, with maximum values over 2MPa. No relevant difference was verified on the stress distribution and magnitude comparing disc positions and occlusal splint use. However, there was stress reduction arising from the use of the occlusal splints in cases of anterior disc displacement. In conclusion, based on the generated FE models and established boundary conditions, the stress increased at the intermediate zone of the TMJ disc during physiological mandible closure. The stress magnitude was similar in all tested situations.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive list of the fish fauna of headwater streams of the Miranda River in the Upper Paraguay River Basin. Our primary data set was constructed from sampling of fish using a rectangular sieve, trawl, and gill nets from 2004 to 2015. Our secondary data were derived from published reports conducted in the Miranda River Basin, in addition to taxonomic and distribution data from other studies conducted in the basin. All data were compiled, which in the end encompassed a period from 1999 to 2015. The datasets yielded a total of 143 species, 104 from the primary data (72.7%) and 39 from the secondary data (27.3%). Species were distributed among seven orders and 30 families were found in the Miranda River Basin. Characiformes and Siluriformes were the predominant orders, and the families Characidae and Loricariidae had the greatest number of species. Our results indicate a greater number of species compared to other studies of the Upper Paraguay Basin headwaters, likely due to the longer time frame covered by our primary and secondary datasets.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é o de prover uma listagem da ictiofauna de riachos de cabeceira da bacia do Rio Miranda, Alto Rio Paraguai. Os peixes foram amostrados utilizando uma peneira retangular, rede de arrasto e rede de espera no período de 2004 a 2015, além disso, outros trabalhos realizados na bacia do Rio Miranda foram compilados e adicionados na listagem total, assim como, artigos de descrição e distribuição de espécies amostradas na bacia compreendendo o período de 1999 a 2015. A bacia do Rio Miranda apresentou um total de 143 espécies, 104 espécies oriundas de dados primários (72,7%) e 39 de dados secundários (27,3%). As espécies estão distribuídas em sete ordens e 30 famílias. Characiformes e Siluriformes foram as ordens predominantes e as famílias Characidae e Loricariidae apresentaram maior número de espécies. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram um maior número de espécies quando comparados com outros estudos realizados em cabeceiras na bacia do Alto Rio Paraguai decorrente ao longo período de estudo.

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This study aims to examine the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and the functional performance of elderly people living in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data of a representative sample of 2,033 elderly were analyzed using quantile regression. Functional performance was measured by the number of activities of daily living (ADL) the elderly had difficulty to perform. The neighborhood characteristics evaluated were: maintenance, trust, insecurity and defective sidewalks. Functional performance was found positively associated with the characteristic defective sidewalks, whose effect increased as the number of ADL the elderly had difficulty to perform increased. The results suggest that inadequate sidewalk conditions can contribute to functional losses in elderly people, especially among those who are functionally more compromised.

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The cross sectional study aims to create the patients' profile and understand their demands for seeking public rehabilitation services from Belo Horizonte. Data were analyzed from 516 patients who gained entry into the health care system by means of the Protocol for Identification of Problems for Rehabilitation (PLPR). It allows for gathering information related to one's health and the social context, including a brief functional description (BFD) with 25 items. Most patients were females, mean age of 57 years, and 54% declared to be responsible for the family income. Severe or complete difficulty in at least one item from the BFD was reported by 87%. Pain and Mobility domains showed greater disability. The patient's demand for services referred them mostly to physical therapy (89%), and psychology (14%); 77% were referred to basic care (BC) and 21% to specialized care (SC). Those that started rehabilitation in SC were younger, had increased number of high ratings in item's qualifiers and higher total score in the BFD, indicating increased functional limitation and restriction. It is intended that the information provided by the PLPR may contribute to the organization of patients' flow and the planning of actions.

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Resumo Este estudo transversal objetiva traçar o perfil e conhecer as demandas dos usuários que buscaram os serviços públicos de reabilitação de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Foram analisados dados de 516 usuários acolhidos por meio do Protocolo de Levantamento de Problemas para a Reabilitação (PLPR), que permite a coleta de informações sobre a saúde, contexto social e inclui uma Breve Descrição Funcional (BDF) com 25 itens, em 10 domínios. A maioria dos usuários era de mulheres, média de idade de 57 anos e 54% declararam ser o responsável pela renda familiar. Dificuldade grave ou completa foi relatada por 87%, em pelo menos um dos itens da BDF, sendo os domínios Dor e Mobilidade os de maior incapacidade. A demanda por profissionais foi, principalmente, para Fisioterapeuta (89%), e Psicólogo (14%); 77% foram indicados para iniciar o tratamento na Atenção Básica (AB) e 21% na Atenção Especializada (AE). Aqueles que iniciaram na AE eram mais jovens; com maior número de qualificadores altos e elevada pontuação na BDF, indicando maior limitação/restrição funcional. Espera-se que as informações disponibilizadas pelo PLPR possam contribuir para a organização do fluxo e o planejamento de ações.

Abstract The cross sectional study aims to create the patients’ profile and understand their demands for seeking public rehabilitation services from Belo Horizonte. Data were analyzed from 516 patients who gained entry into the health care system by means of the Protocol for Identification of Problems for Rehabilitation (PLPR). It allows for gathering information related to one’s health and the social context, including a brief functional description (BFD) with 25 items. Most patients were females, mean age of 57 years, and 54% declared to be responsible for the family income. Severe or complete difficulty in at least one item from the BFD was reported by 87%. Pain and Mobility domains showed greater disability. The patient’s demand for services referred them mostly to physical therapy (89%), and psychology (14%); 77% were referred to basic care (BC) and 21% to specialized care (SC). Those that started rehabilitation in SC were younger, had increased number of high ratings in item’s qualifiers and higher total score in the BFD, indicating increased functional limitation and restriction. It is intended that the information provided by the PLPR may contribute to the organization of patients’ flow and the planning of actions.

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Objective: This paper describes the development of the Protocol for Identification of Problems for Rehabilitation (PLPR), a tool to standardize collection of functional information based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Development of the protocol: The PLPR was developed for use during the initial contact with adult patients within a public network of rehabilitation services. Steps to develop the protocol included: survey of the ICF codes most used by clinical professionals; compilation of data from functional instruments; development and pilot testing of a preliminary version in the service settings; discussion with professionals and development of the final version. The final version includes: user identification; social and health information; brief functional description (BFD); summary of the BFD; and PLPR results. Further testing of the final version will be conducted. Conclusions: The protocol standardizes the first contact between the user and the rehabilitation service. Systematic use of the protocol could also help to create a functional database that would allow comparisons between rehabilitation services and countries over time.

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OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the development of the Protocol for Identification of Problems for Rehabilitation (PLPR), a tool to standardize collection of functional information based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROTOCOL: The PLPR was developed for use during the initial contact with adult patients within a public network of rehabilitation services. Steps to develop the protocol included: survey of the ICF codes most used by clinical professionals; compilation of data from functional instruments; development and pilot testing of a preliminary version in the service settings; discussion with professionals and development of the final version. The final version includes: user identification; social and health information; brief functional description (BFD); summary of the BFD; and PLPR results. Further testing of the final version will be conducted. CONCLUSIONS: The protocol standardizes the first contact between the user and the rehabilitation service. Systematic use of the protocol could also help to create a functional database that would allow comparisons between rehabilitation services and countries over time.

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