RESUMEN
A comparison is made of two epidemiological studies conducted within an eight-year interval on randomly selected independent samples of male population aged 40-59 years in one of the municipal districts of Moscow. In the years 1975-1977, 3908 men (response rate 77.7%) were examined, in 1983-1984 1662 men (response rate 72.0%). The comparison concentrated on the detection of changes in the incidence of major risk factors of IHD: arterial hypertension, dyslipoproteinaemia, overweight, smoking. Over the period under review, the incidence of hypertension and overweight did not practically change, a statistically significant decrease occurred in the incidence of hypercholesterolaemia and hyperglyceridaemia; the incidence of hypo-alpha-cholesterolaemia did not change. A significant drop (by 10.2%) occurred in cigarette smoking.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Adulto , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Moscú , Obesidad/epidemiología , Distribución Aleatoria , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The relationship between the nutritional status and the major risk factors of CHD has been studied in the indigenous and nonindigenous inhabitants of the Chukot Autonomous Region. The nutrition of the indigenous tundra inhabitants who show a significantly lower risk factors as compared with nonindigenous citizens living there for over ten years is characterized by a significantly higher proportion of protein of animal origin, a lower calorie intake in general and that of fat, in particular, a lower consumption of starch-containing products and a high consumption of refined sugar. A larger proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in food is markedly associated with reduced levels of cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and the diastolic blood pressure in Chukchi inhabitants living on the seacoast as against Chukchi living on the mainland. The detected differences in the level of risk factors are correlated with differences in the nature of nutrition.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Dieta Aterogénica , Etnicidad , Adulto , Anciano , Presión Sanguínea , Colesterol en la Dieta/efectos adversos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Grasas de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Proteínas en la Dieta/efectos adversos , Humanos , Inuk , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Siberia , Sacarosa/efectos adversosRESUMEN
One-stage epidemiological survey permitted one to define the limits of normal blood pressure values in schoolchildren aged 7-17 years for each age-sexual group differentially. Isolated blood pressure elevation was found to be rare, amounting to 4.4% in boys and to 3.1% in girls. The rate of new cases of elevated blood pressure per 100 subjects was equal to 8.2 cases for systolic and 10.3 cases for diastolic blood pressure.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Epidemiological investigation of two randomized groups of men born in 1916-1935 (3908 men in Moscow, 3907 in Leningrad) has shown that in both populations there is a direct relationship between the arterial pressure (AP) and the level of total cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol lipoproteids of high density (CS-LPHD) in blood plasma. A strong correlation between the level of the systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and age has been established. Age variations of the lipid levels were insignificant. The total CS, TG, SAP levels and the diastolic AP increase with the growth of the relative body weight, while the CS-LPHD level decreases. In the group engaged in manual labour the total CS and TG levels are simultaneously lowered and those of CS-LPHD and SAP elevated. There is a direct relationship between the level of CS-LPHD, AP and alcohol intake. Smoking somewhat lowers the level of CS-LPHD and AP. The direct relationship between AP and the level of CS-LPHD remains after complex analysis including all the factors studied.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea , Lípidos/sangre , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Moscú , Esfuerzo Físico , Riesgo , Federación de Rusia , FumarRESUMEN
A single epidemiologic screening of schoolchildren at 11-17 years of age revealed a higher heart performance index during exercise peaks in individuals with one or several atherosclerosis precursors, as compared to that of children showing no precursors of the disease. It is suggested that high heart performance index in schoolchildren with atherosclerosis precursors reflects cardiovascular overstrain rather than high exercise tolerance.
Asunto(s)
Arteriosclerosis/epidemiología , Resistencia Física , Adolescente , Arteriosclerosis/fisiopatología , Presión Sanguínea , Niño , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Moscú , Valores de Referencia , RiesgoRESUMEN
A total of 1276 schoolchildren aged 11-17 from a Moscow district have been examined. 1172 subjects underwent a complete program examination including biochemical investigation of blood (78.9% of all the children to be examined or 95% of all the schoolchildren examined). The occurrence of combined basic indices, known as adult risk factors of coronary heart disease has been studied in each age and sex group of this population. The data obtained can be used in the differential approach to the planning of preventive measures at the population level.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Población Urbana , Arteriosclerosis/epidemiología , Presión Sanguínea , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Moscú , RiesgoRESUMEN
The analysis of the correlation between diet and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence in 40-59 year-old men from one of the Moscow districts has demonstrated dietary differences between subjects with and without CHD. Food and calories consumption reduces with age, however this is accompanied by an obvious increase in body weight and CHD incidence. Besides energy disturbance, consumption of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids also reduces with age. Patients with CHD show energy disturbance and lower, as compared to persons without CHD, consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Enfermedad Coronaria/etiología , Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Moscú , Población UrbanaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Colesterol en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Coronaria/genética , Genética de Población , Genotipo , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/genética , Hiperlipidemias/genética , Hipertensión/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Riesgo , U.R.S.S.Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Ácido Úrico/sangre , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Enfermedad Coronaria/complicaciones , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Ingestión de Energía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Riesgo , Fumar , Sacarosa/efectos adversosAsunto(s)
Hipertensión/epidemiología , Adulto , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistemas Multiinstitucionales , Tamizaje Multifásico , Alcaloides de Triptamina Secologanina/uso terapéutico , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The article deals with the results of a prospective (3.8 year long) study of a nonorganized male population (40-59 years of age) in one of Moscow districts. Total blood plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were determined in 3663 men. The results of the study show that to assess the risk of death from atherosclerosis, coefficient of total cholesterol fractions ratio should be taken into account.
Asunto(s)
Colesterol/sangre , Enfermedad Coronaria/mortalidad , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/mortalidad , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto , Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Humanos , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/sangre , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , RiesgoAsunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea , Lípidos/sangre , Población Urbana , Adolescente , Diástole , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Moscú , Valores de Referencia , SístoleRESUMEN
The sera of 445 persons, mainly patients with various liver diseases, were examined for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hepatitis B antigens (HB Ag) and antibodies (HB Ab). The presence of AFP was detected in 9 sera by agar-gel precipitation and in 22 additional sera by the more sensitive aggregate haemagglutination technique. HB Ag proved to be present in 74 sera and HB Ab was present in 34 sera. Hepatitis B antigen was present more frequently (42%) in sera containing alpha-fetoprotein than in sera that did not contain it (14.7%). The food habits of the population investigated were also studied.