RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the administration of two classes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved the health of feedlot-finished steers. A total of 33 Angus-Nellore blood ½ steers (body weight of 350 ± 10 kg and 11 ± 5 months old) fed an energy diet were evaluated at the beginning (0 and 16 days), middle (44 and 72 days), and end (100) of the feedlot based on the inflammatory status and health of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Inflammation and innate immunity were measured using leukocyte oxidative metabolism (OM), serum haptoglobin levels, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Respiratory health was verified based on nasal secretion, rectal temperature, and lung lesions during slaughter. The digestive health was verified by histomorphology of the rumen and intestine. The treatments were as follows: Saccharomyces cerevisiae in culture (CUL n=12), S. cerevisiae in the autolyzed form (AUT n=10), and control diet (CON, n=11). In the CUL group, OM increased by 7% on average, with lower indicators of respiratory disease and inflammatory status in the intermediate and final stages of the feedlots. The ruminal papillae of these animals were 30% thinner than those of the CON group and had lower ruminitis scores. Although AUT promoted a 10% increase in OM and a lower inflammatory status in the intermediate and final stages of the feedlot, steers showed more indicators of respiratory diseases than those in the CUL group. The duodenal villus area and jejunal villus height in the AUT group still increased by 25 and 15%, respectively. Its effect on the ruminal papilla was subtle, only decreasing the ruminitis score. We concluded that both groups of S. cerevisiae improved the health of animals compared with the control group, indicating that supplementation with S. cerevisiae cultures resulted in the decreased alteration of rumen papillae, compatible with a lower occurrence of subclinical ruminal acidosis syndrome (SARA), reflecting immunological gains and a lower occurrence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The S. cerevisiae autolysate showed a higher intestinal effect and lower activity in the rumen papillae. Although this treatment showed an immunological gain similar to a yeast culture, it reflected the lower health of the respiratory tract.(AU)
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar se a administração de duas classes de Saccharomyces cerevisiae melhoram a saúde de novilhos terminados confinados. Um total de 33 novilhos ½ sangue Angus-Nelore, (350 ±10 kg peso vivo e 11± 5 meses de vida) alimentados com dieta energética foram avaliados no início (0 e 16 dias), meio (44 e 72 dias) e final (100) de confinamento, por meio de indicadores de inflamação e saúde do trato respiratório e digestório. A inflamação e imunidade inata foram aferidas por metabolismo oxidativo de leucócitos (MO); teores séricos de haptoglobina e razão neutrófilo:linfócito. A saúde respiratória foi verificada por secreção nasal, temperatura retal e lesões pulmonares no abate. E a saúde digestória foi verificada por histomorfologia do rúmen e intestino. Os tratamentos foram: Saccharomyces cerevisiae na forma de cultura (CUL n=12), S. cerevisiae na forma autolisada (AUT n=10) e dieta controle (CON n=11). O CUL apresentaram incremento médio de 7% no MO, menores indicadores de doença respiratória e de status inflamatório na fase intermediária e final do confinamento. As papilas ruminais destes animais era 30% mais delgada que o CON, e apresentavam menor escore de ruminite. Apesar do AUT promover incremento de 10% no MO e menor status inflamatório na fase intermediária e final do confinamento também, os novilhos apesentaram mais indicadores de doenças respiratórias que o CUL. O AUT ainda aumentou 25% da área de vilosidade de duodeno, e 15% na altura da vilosidade jejunal. Sua ação em papila ruminal foi tênue, minimizando apenas o escore de ruminite. Concluiu-se que ambas as classes de S. cerevisiae aumentaram a saúde dos animais em relação ao CON, destacando-se a suplementação com cultura de S. cerevisiae, que resultou em menor alteração de papilas ruminais compatíveis com menor ocorrência de SARA, melhores resultados do sistema imunológico e menor ocorrência de CRB. O autolisado de S. cerevisiae demonstrou maior efeito intestinal, com atuação de menor impacto em papila ruminal. E apesar de ter ganho imunológico similar ao encontrado ao CUL, apresentou menor influência na saúde do trato respiratório.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Bovinos/fisiologia , Complexo Respiratório Bovino , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Ruminação DigestivaRESUMO
Free-living amoebae (FLAs) are major reservoirs for a variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most studied mycophagic FLA, Acanthamoeba castellanii (Ac), is a potential environmental host for endemic fungal pathogens such as Cryptococcus spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitides, and Sporothrix schenckii. However, the mechanisms involved in this interaction are poorly understood. The aim of this work was to characterize the molecular instances that enable Ac to interact with and ingest fungal pathogens, a process that could lead to selection and maintenance of possible virulence factors. The interaction of Ac with a variety of fungal pathogens was analysed in a multifactorial evaluation that included the role of multiplicity of infection over time. Fungal binding to Ac surface by living image consisted of a quick process, and fungal initial extrusion (vomocytosis) was detected from 15 to 80 min depending on the organism. When these fungi were cocultured with the amoeba, only Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were able to grow, whereas Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Sporothrix brasiliensis displayed unchanged viability. Yeasts of H. capsulatum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were rapidly killed by Ac; however, some cells remained viable after 48 hr. To evaluate changes in fungal virulence upon cocultivation with Ac, recovered yeasts were used to infect Galleria mellonella, and in all instances, they killed the larvae faster than control yeasts. Surface biotinylated extracts of Ac exhibited intense fungal binding by FACS and fluorescence microscopy. Binding was also intense to mannose, and mass spectrometry identified Ac proteins with affinity to fungal surfaces including two putative transmembrane mannose-binding proteins (MBP, L8WXW7 and MBP1, Q6J288). Consistent with interactions with such mannose-binding proteins, Ac-fungi interactions were inhibited by mannose. These MBPs may be involved in fungal recognition by amoeba and promotes interactions that allow the emergence and maintenance of fungal virulence for animals.
Assuntos
Acanthamoeba castellanii/metabolismo , Fungos/patogenicidade , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/metabolismo , Acanthamoeba castellanii/química , Acanthamoeba castellanii/microbiologia , Acanthamoeba castellanii/ultraestrutura , Animais , Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Candida albicans/ultraestrutura , Concanavalina A/metabolismo , Cryptococcus neoformans/patogenicidade , Cryptococcus neoformans/ultraestrutura , Histoplasma/patogenicidade , Histoplasma/ultraestrutura , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Larva/microbiologia , Lepidópteros/microbiologia , Manose/química , Manose/metabolismo , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Paracoccidioides/patogenicidade , Paracoccidioides/ultraestrutura , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ultraestrutura , Fatores de Tempo , Imagem com Lapso de Tempo , Virulência , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of three different extracts prepared from Syzygium cumini leaves against paraquat-induced toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrains deficient in superoxide dismutase (SOD). Additionally, the extracts phenolic and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant activity, and phytochemical composition (using high-pressure liquid chromatography) were determined. Bioactive compounds from S. cumini leaves were extracted with infusion (traditional method) or ultrasound (aqueous or hydroalcoholic). Compared to the infusion extract, the ultrasound extracts exhibited a greater protective capacity against paraquat toxicity in the yeast cells as well as higher antioxidant activity. These results may be directly related to the higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in these extracts, since they are recognized as having high antioxidant actions.
Assuntos
Estresse Oxidativo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Syzygium/químicaRESUMO
A utilização de subprodutos de cervejaria na alimentação de bovinos tem crescido nos últimos anos como uma excelente alternativa na manutenção ou aumento da produtividade na bovinocultura, sobretudo na Região Sudeste. Entre os resíduos mais empregados estão o bagaço de malte oriundo da "cevada" e o "levedo de cerveja", um subproduto líquido que contém álcool, muito utilizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O uso incorreto ou sem os devidos cuidados, bem como o armazenamento de forma inadequada, contudo, podem ser responsáveis por quadros de intoxicação por etanol, neurotoxicose por Aspergillus clavatus, acidose ruminal e botulismo. Esse trabalho tem por intuito alertar para a importância dessas condições como causa de sérios prejuízos econômicos à pecuária e fornecer subsídios para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico, diagnóstico diferencial e profilaxia das mesmas...
The use of brewery by-products in cattle feed has grown in recent years as an excellent alternative for maintenance or increase in cattle productivity especially in Southeastern Brazil. Among the most employed by-products are malted barley waste and brewer's yeast, a liquid by-product that contains alcohol and is widely used in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Careless or incorrect use of these products, as well as inadequate storage, can cause ethanol poisoning, neurotoxicosis by Aspergillus clavatus, ruminal acidosis and botulism. This paper highlights the importance of these conditions as causes of severe economic losses to livestock, and provides support for the establishment of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prophylaxis...
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Grão Comestível/toxicidade , Hordeum/toxicidade , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Acidose/veterinária , Aspergillus/patogenicidade , Botulismo/veterinária , Etanol/toxicidade , Rúmen , Ração Animal/toxicidadeRESUMO
A utilização de subprodutos de cervejaria na alimentação de bovinos tem crescido nos últimos anos como uma excelente alternativa na manutenção ou aumento da produtividade na bovinocultura, sobretudo na Região Sudeste. Entre os resíduos mais empregados estão o bagaço de malte oriundo da "cevada" e o "levedo de cerveja", um subproduto líquido que contém álcool, muito utilizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O uso incorreto ou sem os devidos cuidados, bem como o armazenamento de forma inadequada, contudo, podem ser responsáveis por quadros de intoxicação por etanol, neurotoxicose por Aspergillus clavatus, acidose ruminal e botulismo. Esse trabalho tem por intuito alertar para a importância dessas condições como causa de sérios prejuízos econômicos à pecuária e fornecer subsídios para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico, diagnóstico diferencial e profilaxia das mesmas.(AU)
The use of brewery by-products in cattle feed has grown in recent years as an excellent alternative for maintenance or increase in cattle productivity especially in Southeastern Brazil. Among the most employed by-products are malted barley waste and brewer's yeast, a liquid by-product that contains alcohol and is widely used in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Careless or incorrect use of these products, as well as inadequate storage, can cause ethanol poisoning, neurotoxicosis by Aspergillus clavatus, ruminal acidosis and botulism. This paper highlights the importance of these conditions as causes of severe economic losses to livestock, and provides support for the establishment of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prophylaxis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Grão Comestível/toxicidade , Hordeum/toxicidade , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Ração Animal/toxicidade , Etanol/toxicidade , Aspergillus/patogenicidade , Rúmen , Acidose/veterinária , Botulismo/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ubiquitous yeast widely used in industry and it is also a common colonizer of the human mucosae. However, the incidence of invasive infection by these fungi has significantly increased in the last decades. AIMS: To evaluate the infection by S. cerevisiae in a hospital in southern Brazil during a period of 10 years (2000-2010). METHODS: Review of medical records of patients infected by this fungus. RESULTS: In this period, 6 patients were found to be infected by S. cerevisiae. The age range of the patients was from 10 years to 84. Urine, blood, ascitic fluid, peritoneal dialysis fluid, and esophageal biopsy samples were analyzed. The predisposing factors were cancer, transplant, surgical procedures, renal failure, use of venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit, diabetes mellitus, chemotherapy, corticosteroid use, and parenteral nutrition. Amphotericin B and fluconazole were the treatments of choice. Three of the patients died and the other 3 were discharged from hospital. CONCLUSIONS: We must take special precautions in emerging infections, especially when there are predisposing conditions such as immunosuppression or patients with serious illnesses. The rapid and specific diagnosis of S. cerevisiae infections is important for therapeutic decision. Furthermore, epidemiological and efficacy studies of antifungal agents are necessary for a better therapeutic approach.
Assuntos
Micoses/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas/microbiologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Líquidos Corporais/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Complicações do Diabetes/microbiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Fraturas do Fêmur/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Transplante de Rim , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micoses/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas/epidemiologia , Osteomielite/etiologia , Osteomielite/microbiologia , Transplante de Pâncreas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolamento & purificação , Traqueotomia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar preliminarmente in vitro algunas propiedades probióticas de dos cepas nativas de S.cerevisiae. Materiales y métodos. Las cepas fueron utilizadas en ensayos de tolerancia a sales biliares, pH, temperatura, adherencia a Salmonella spp., E.coli y Shigella spp., y antagonismo. Se realizó un diseño factorial 33 x 3, con tres niveles de cada factor (cepa, pH y concentración inicial de sustrato) por triplicado, para establecer las condiciones de cultivo de cada cepa. Como control se empleó una cepa comercial (B). La cepa seleccionada se empleó para la producción en biorreactor de 2L; la biomasa fue sometida a secado por temperatura; al producto resultante se le determinó concentración de N2 y la viabilidad celular. Resultados. La cepa A (obtenida de caña de azúcar), toleró pH 3 ± 0.2, 0.3% (p/v) de sales biliares y 42oC. El ANOVA del diseño factorial reportó diferencias significativas entre los 27 ensayos (p≤0.05), el análisis de superficies reportó que la interacción entre los factores cepa y Sustrato (S0) son significativos, sugiriendo para la optimización la cepa A y concentraciones crecientes de S0. Los resultados se reprodujeron en biorreactor con mx 0.31h-1, td 2.18h y Y(x/s) 0.126g/g; la biomasa seca obtenida fue viable y reportó entre 6.3 y 6.9% N2/g. Conclusiones. Se identificaron levaduras nativas con propiedades probióticas como tolerancia a pH, sales biliares, temperatura y adherencia a Salmonella spp., E.coli y Shigella spp.
Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Probióticos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Probióticos/análise , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/classificação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/químicaRESUMO
In this study we describe a low-cost and reliable method for inducing fever in young male rats (28-30 days of age, 75-90 g), which seems suitable for the screening of new antipyretics. The effects of temperature measuring procedure-induced stress on the basal rectal temperature and on Baker yeast-induced hyperthermia was assessed. Rectal temperature (T) was recorded every hour for 12 h (07:00-19:00 h) with a lubricated thermistor probe. The animals were injected intraperitoneally with baker yeast (0.25, 0.135, 0.05 g/kg) or the equivalent volume of saline at 7:00 h. The administration of 0.135 g/kg baker yeast induced a sustained increase in rectal temperature for 4 h. Classical (dipyrone and acetaminophen) and novel (MPCA and FPCA) antipyretics, at doses that had no effect per se, reverted baker yeast-induced fever. The method presented induces a clear-cut fever, which is reverted by antipyretics commonly used in human beings and selected novel antipyretics in small animals. The method also allows antipyretic evaluation with low amount of drugs, due to the use of small animals and to the small variability of the pyretic response, which ultimately causes a significant reduction in the number of animals necessary for antipyretic evaluation. Therefore, this study describes an animal model of fever that is not only advantageous from the economical and technical point of view, but that also bears ethical concerns.
Assuntos
Analgésicos não Narcóticos/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Febre/tratamento farmacológico , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Análise de Variância , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Febre/microbiologia , Hipertermia Induzida/métodos , Masculino , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Se aislaron cepas vínicas nativas de uvas procedentes del valle de Casablanca, región productora de vinos de calidad, mediante fermentación natural del mosto en presencia de metabisulfito de potasio como agente selectivo. Los análisis morfológicos y fisiológicos realizados, a partir de colonias aisladas obtenidas del mosto al término del proceso de fermentación, permitieron establecer que, aproximadamente, un 90 porciento de ellas correspondían a cepas de levaduras ascosporógenas de saccharomyces cerevisiae. Además, al determinar el fenotipo "killer" de estas cepas, se encontró que un 40 porciento de ellas eran productoras de toxina "killer". Las evaluaciones enológicas practicadas a un subconjunto de estas cepas, presentaron propiedades similares a cepas vínicas comerciales de s. cerevisiae. La caracterización molecular de éstas, mediante electroforesis de campo pulsado, permitió establecer la presencia de, al menos, cuatro diferentes cariotipos electroforéticos, con un tamaño estimado del genoma nuclear entre los 13.000 a los 21.000 kb
Assuntos
Produção Agrícola/microbiologia , Rosales/microbiologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolamento & purificação , Vinho/análise , Chile , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/patogenicidade , Vinho/microbiologiaRESUMO
The occurrence of killer toxins amongst yeast in Brazilian Riesling Italico grape must was investigated by using the sensitive strain EMBRAPA-26B as a reference strain at 18 degrees C and 28 degrees C. From a total of 85 previously isolated yeasts, 21 strains showed ability to kill the sensitive strain on unbuffered grape must/agar (MA-MB) and 0.1 M citrate/phosphate-buffered yeast extract/peptone/dextrose/agar (YEPD-MB) media both supplemented with 30 mg/l methylene blue. The killer activity of only four yeasts depended on the incubation temperature rather than the medium used. At 28 degrees C, the strains 11B and 53B were not able to show killer action. On the other hand, strains 49B and 84B did not kill the sensitive yeast at 18 degrees C. The killer strain EMBRAPA-91B and a commercial wine killer yeast K-1 were employed to examine the sensitivity of the isolated yeasts on YEPD-MB and MA-MB at 18 degrees C. The sensitivity and neutral characteristics of yeasts were shown to be dependent on the medium and the killer strain. Interactions, including K-R-, K-R+ and K+R+ strains, simultaneously, have revealed that some K-R+ strains appear to protect the K-R- strain against the killer toxin. Sensitive dead cells, although to a less extent, also exhibited similar protection. Kinetic studies have shown that the maximum specific growth rates were higher for the 20B YEPD-MB-sensitive strains (mu(max) = 0.517 h-1) than for both the 91B (mu(max) = 0.428 h-1) and K-1 (mu(max) = 0.466 h-1) killer strains. The protective capacity of neutral or sensitive cells that contaminate a fermentation, as well as the higher maximum specific growth rate of sensitive yeasts, besides other factors, may preclude the dominance of a killer strain. This protective capacity may also reduce the risk of a sensitive inoculum being killed by wild-type killer yeasts in open non-sterile fermentation.