RESUMO
A modified QuEChERS method was developed to determine multi-class pesticide and veterinary residues in aquatic products. Chitosan microspheres were conveniently synthesized and utilized as the cleanup adsorbent in the QuEChERS procedure, showcasing rapid filtration one-step pretreatment ability for the determination of drug multi-residues in aquatic products. Compared to conventional synthetic sorbents, chitosan microspheres not only have good purification performance, but also have renewable and degradable properties. This novel sorbent worked well in the simultaneous determination of 95 pesticides and veterinary drug residues in aquatic products after being combined with an improved one-step vortex oscillating cleanup method. We achieved recoveries ranging from 64.0% to 115.9% for target drugs in shrimp and fish matrix. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 µg kg-1, respectively. Notably, hydrocortisone was detected with considerable frequency and concentration in the tested samples, underscoring the necessity for stringent monitoring of this compound in aquatic products.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Peixes , Microesferas , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Drogas Veterinárias , Animais , Quitosana/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Drogas Veterinárias/análise , Drogas Veterinárias/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Resíduos de Drogas/análise , Resíduos de Drogas/isolamento & purificação , Resíduos de Drogas/química , Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/química , Adsorção , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Extração em Fase Sólida/instrumentação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Frutos do Mar/análise , Espectrometria de Massa com Cromatografia LíquidaRESUMO
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an image-guided minimally invasive treatment for liver cancer which involves delivery of chemotherapy and embolic material into tumor-supplying arteries to block blood flow to a liver tumor and to deliver chemotherapy directly to the tumor. However, the released drug diffuses only less than a millimeter away from the beads. To enhance the efficacy of TACE, the development of microbubbles electrostatically bound to the surface of drug-eluting beads loaded with different amounts of doxorubicin (0-37.5 mg of Dox/mL of beads) is reported. Up to 400 microbubbles were bound to Dox-loaded beads (70-150 microns). This facilitated ultrasound imaging of the beads and increased the release rate of Dox upon exposure to high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Furthermore, ultrasound exposure (1 MPa peak negative pressure) increased the distance at which Dox could be detected from beads embedded in a tissue-mimicking phantom, compared with a no ultrasound control.
Assuntos
Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Doxorrubicina , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Microbolhas , Ultrassonografia , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Imagens de Fantasmas , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , MicroesferasRESUMO
Faithful chromosome segregation requires biorientation, where the pair of kinetochores on the chromosome establish bipolar microtubule attachment. The integrity of the kinetochore, a macromolecular complex built on centromeric DNA, is required for biorientation, but components sufficient for biorientation remain unknown. Here, we show that tethering the outer kinetochore heterodimer NDC80-NUF2 to the surface of apolar microbeads establishes their biorientation-like state in mouse cells. NDC80-NUF2 microbeads align at the spindle equator and self-correct alignment errors. The alignment is associated with stable bipolar microtubule attachment and is independent of the outer kinetochore proteins SPC24-SPC25, KNL1, the Mis12 complex, inner kinetochore proteins, and Aurora. Larger microbeads align more rapidly, suggesting a size-dependent biorientation mechanism. This study demonstrates a biohybrid kinetochore design for synthetic biorientation of microscale particles in cells.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Segregação de Cromossomos , Cinetocoros , Microesferas , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos , Microtúbulos , Fuso Acromático , Animais , Camundongos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Cinetocoros/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Fuso Acromático/metabolismoRESUMO
The Ti3C2 quantum dots (QDs)/oxygen-vacancy-rich BiOBr hollow microspheres composite photocatalyst was prepared using solvothermal synthesis and electrostatic self-assembly techniques. Together, Ti3C2QDs and oxygen vacancies (OVs) enhanced photocatalytic activity by broadening light absorption and improving charge transfer and separation processes, resulting in a significant performance boost. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic efficiency of Ti3C2 QDs/BiOBr-OVs is assessed to investigate its capability for oxygen evolution and degradation of tetracycline (TC) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light conditions. The rate of oxygen production is observed to be 5.1 times higher than that of pure BiOBr-OVs, while the photocatalytic degradation rates for TC and RhB is up to 97.27% and 99.8%, respectively. The synergistic effect between Ti3C2QDs and OVs greatly enhances charge separation, leading to remarkable photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the hollow microsphere contributes to the enhanced photocatalytic performance by facilitating multiple light scatterings and providing ample surface-active sites. The resultant Ti3C2QDs/BiOBr-OVs composite photocatalyst demonstrates significant potential for environmental applications.
Assuntos
Bismuto , Microesferas , Oxigênio , Pontos Quânticos , Rodaminas , Tetraciclina , Titânio , Pontos Quânticos/química , Titânio/química , Rodaminas/química , Catálise , Oxigênio/química , Bismuto/química , Tetraciclina/química , Luz , Processos Fotoquímicos , FotóliseRESUMO
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is a significant porcine respiratory disease complex pathogen, prompting many swine farms and production systems to pursue M. hyopneumoniae elimination strategies. Antibody testing is cost-effective in demonstrating sustained freedom from M. hyopneumoniae, often replacing PCR testing on deep tracheal swabs. The process typically involves testing a subpopulation of the herd using an M. hyopneumoniae screening antibody ELISA, with non-negative results further assessed through confirmatory testing, such as PCR. Recently, a commercial (Biovet) fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) for detecting M. hyopneumoniae antibodies has been introduced as an alternative to ELISA. Its performance was compared to three commercial ELISAs (Idexx, Hipra, and Biochek) using experimental serum samples from pigs inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. hyosynoviae, M. flocculare, or mock-inoculated with Friis medium. FMIA consistently detected M. hyopneumoniae at earlier time points than the ELISAs, although two false-positive results were encountered using the manufacturer's recommended cutoff. ROC analysis allowed for the evaluation of various cutoffs depending on testing objectives. Poisson regression of misclassification error counts detected no difference in the Biovet FMIA and Hipra ELISA but significantly fewer misclassification errors than Idexx and Biocheck ELISAs. This study showed FMIA as a suitable alternative to traditional ELISAs for screening purposes due to its superior antibody detection rate at early stages. Alternatively, adopting a more stringent cutoff to improve diagnostic specificity could position the FMIA as a viable confirmatory test option. Overall, FMIA is an optimal choice for M. hyopneumoniae antibody surveillance testing, offering versatility in testing strategies (e.g., triplex FMIA M. hyopneumoniae/PRRSV types 1 and 2) and contributing to improved diagnostic capabilities in porcine health management.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Microesferas , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática , Animais , Suínos , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/imunologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/microbiologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/sangue , Imunoensaio/métodos , Imunoensaio/veterinária , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Monodisperse biodegradable polymer microspheres show broad applications in drug delivery and other fields. In this study, we developed an effective method that combines microfluidics with interfacial instability to prepare monodispersed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres with tailored surface morphology. By adjusting the mass ratio of PLGA-PEG to PLGA, the concentration of stabilizers and the type of PLGA, we generated microspheres with various unique folded morphologies, such as "fishtail-like", "lace-like" and "sponge-like" porous structures. Additionally, we demonstrated that risperidone-loaded PLGA-PEG/PLGA microspheres with these folded morphologies significantly enhanced drug release, particularly in the initial stage, by exhibiting a logarithmic release profile. This feature could potentially address the issue of delayed release commonly observed in sustained-release formulations. This study presents a straightforward yet effective approach to construct precisely engineered microspheres offering enhanced control over drug release dynamics.
Assuntos
Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Microesferas , Polietilenoglicóis , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentação , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Risperidona/química , Porosidade , Tamanho da Partícula , Poliglactina 910RESUMO
BACKGROUND: There has been an exponential increase in the number of studies reporting on the toxicological effects associated with exposure to nano and microplastic particles (NMPs). The majority of these studies, however, have used monodispersed polystyrene microspheres (PSMs) as 'model' particles. Here we review the differences between the manufacture and resulting physicochemical properties of polystyrene used in commerce and the PSMs most commonly used in toxicity studies. MAIN BODY: In general, we demonstrate that significant complexity exists as to the properties of polystyrene particles. Differences in chemical composition, size, shape, surface functionalities and other aspects raise doubt as to whether PSMs are fit-for-purpose for the study of potential adverse effects of naturally occurring NMPs. A realistic assessment of potential health implications of the exposure to environmental NMPs requires better characterisation of the particles, a robust mechanistic understanding of their interactions and effects in biological systems as well as standardised protocols to generate relevant model particles. It is proposed that multidisciplinary engagement is necessary for the development of a timely and effective strategy towards this end. We suggest a holistic framework, which must be supported by a multidisciplinary group of experts to work towards either providing access to a suite of environmentally relevant NMPs and/or developing guidance with respect to best practices that can be adopted by research groups to generate and reliably use NMPs. It is emphasized that there is a need for this group to agree to a consensus regarding what might best represent a model NMP that is consistent with environmental exposure for human health, and which can be used to support a variety of ongoing research needs, including those associated with exposure and hazard assessment, mechanistic toxicity studies, toxicokinetics and guidance regarding the prioritization of plastic and NMPs that likely represent the greatest risk to human health. It is important to acknowledge, however, that establishing a multidisciplinary group, or an expert community of practice, represents a non-trivial recommendation, and will require significant resources in terms of expertise and funding. CONCLUSION: There is currently an opportunity to bring together a multidisciplinary group of experts, including polymer chemists, material scientists, mechanical engineers, exposure and life-cycle assessment scientists, toxicologists, microbiologists and analytical chemists, to provide leadership and guidance regarding a consensus on defining what best represents environmentally relevant NMPs. We suggest that given the various complex issues surrounding the environmental and human health implications that exposure to NMPs represents, that a multidisciplinary group of experts are thus critical towards helping to progress the harmonization and standardization of methods.
Assuntos
Microplásticos , Nanopartículas , Tamanho da Partícula , Poliestirenos , Poliestirenos/toxicidade , Poliestirenos/química , Medição de Risco , Microplásticos/toxicidade , Microplásticos/química , Humanos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Nanopartículas/química , Animais , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Microesferas , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
In this study, we developed scaffolds materials with microspheres to form a double sustained release system.Chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (CS-HA) was used as a drug carrier to construct a sustained-release system for Bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) and Vancomycin (VAN). Furthermore, VAN and BMP-2 loaded microspheres (Ms) were prepared by the emulsion ultrasonic method.The resultant composites were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressive strength, porosity, and biodegradation. The characterization results showed uniform porous and rough surface, enhanced thermal stability, and highest compressive strength ((1.912 ± 0.012) Kpa, the surface of the two microspheres was slightly folded and showed a regular spherical shape.The loading rate of BMP-2 was (59.611 × 10-4 ± 0.023 × 10-4)% and the encapsulation rate was (6.022 ± 0.005)%. The release rate of vancomycin and BMP-2 was 57.194% and 12.968% respectively. Osteogenic differentiation of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase quantification. The deposition of late osteogenic markers (calcium phosphates) detected by Alizarin red, which indicated extracellular matrix mineralization. The results showed that BMP-2/VAN in CS-HA hydrogel successfully achieved the sequential release of the double drugs, which could benefit bone regeneration.
Assuntos
Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2 , Quitosana , Durapatita , Hidrogéis , Osteomielite , Vancomicina , Vancomicina/administração & dosagem , Vancomicina/farmacocinética , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/administração & dosagem , Quitosana/administração & dosagem , Quitosana/química , Durapatita/administração & dosagem , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Doença Crônica , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Portadores de Fármacos , Microesferas , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco MesenquimaisRESUMO
Inertial microfluidic technologies have proven effective for particle focusing and separation in many microchannels, typically the channels with the rectangular and trapezoidal shapes. To advance particle focusing in complex channels, we propose a spiral channel combining rectangular and concave cross-sections for high-resolution particle and cell focusing and separation. Numerical simulations were conducted to illustrate the effects of channel geometry on secondary flow distribution and particle focusing positions. The simulation shows the concave cross-section generates two asymmetrical Dean vortices skewing towards the inner and outer channel walls, resulting to stronger flow velocity magnitudes near the walls than the channel center. Consequently, larger particles focus near the inner wall, while smaller particles are trapped closer to the outer wall under the influence of the stronger velocity magnitude near the walls. A microfluidic chip with the proposed channel geometry, along with a traditional rectangular channel, was fabricated by 3D printing and PDMS casting. Fluorescent microbeads were used to investigate inertial focusing and separation behaviors in the microfluidic chips. Experimental results show that the concave channel facilitates particle focusing or trapping much closer to the walls than the traditional rectangular channel, achieving better separation resolution. Finally, the proposed channel was applied to separate lung cancer A549 cells from human blood, achieving a cancer cell recovery rate of ~ 84.78% (enrichment ratio over 820-fold) and a blood cell rejection rate of ~ 99.88%. This innovative channel design in inertial microfluidics offers new insights for enhanced particle focusing and holds significant promise for cell manipulation with improved separation resolution.
Assuntos
Separação Celular , Humanos , Separação Celular/instrumentação , Separação Celular/métodos , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentação , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Microesferas , Desenho de Equipamento , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Tamanho da Partícula , Impressão TridimensionalRESUMO
Subunit vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy in immunotherapy for combating viral infections and cancer. Nevertheless, the clinical application of subunit vaccines is hindered by limitations in antigen delivery efficiency, characterized by rapid clearance and inadequate cellular uptake. Here, a novel subunit vaccine delivery system utilizing ovalbumin@magnetic nanoparticles (OVA@MNPs) encapsulated within biodegradable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres was proposed to enhance the efficacy of antigen delivery. OVA@MNPs-loaded GelMA microspheres, denoted as OMGMs, can be navigated through magnetic fields to deliver subunit vaccines into the lymphatic system efficiently. Moreover, the biodegradable OMGMs enabled the sustained release of subunit vaccines, concentrating OVA around lymph nodes and enhancing the efficacy of induced immune response. OMGMs were produced through a microfluidic droplet generation technique, enabling mass production. In murine models, OMGMs successfully accumulated antigens in lymph nodes abundant in antigen-presenting cells, leading to enhanced cellular and humoral immunity and pronounced antitumor effects with a single booster immunization. In conclusion, these findings highlight the promise of OMGMs as a practical subunit vaccination approach, thus addressing the limitations associated with antigen delivery efficiency and paving the way for advanced immunotherapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Microesferas , Ovalbumina , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas , Animais , Camundongos , Ovalbumina/química , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Ovalbumina/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/química , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/imunologia , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Feminino , Gelatina/química , Vacinas Anticâncer/química , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/administração & dosagem , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodosRESUMO
This study explores the frontiers of microparticle manipulation by introducing an actuator platform for the three-dimensional positioning of microparticles using dielectrophoresis (DEP), a technique known for its selectivity and ease of integration with microtechnology. Leveraging advancements in carbon-based devices due to their biocompatibility and electrochemical stability, our work extends the application of DEP from two-dimensional constraints to precise 3D positioning within microvolumes, employing a photolithography-based fabrication process known as Carbon-MEMS technology (C-MEMS). We present the design, finite element simulation, fabrication, and testing of this platform, which utilizes a unique combination of planar and 3D carbon microelectrodes individually addressable on a transparent substrate. This setup enables the application of DEP forces, allowing for high-throughput manipulation of multiple microparticles simultaneously, as well as displacement of individual microparticles in any desired direction. Demonstrated with spherical 1µm and 10µm diameter polystyrene microparticles, this platform features straightforward fabrication and is suitable for batch industrial production. The study concludes with a discussion of the platform's advantages and limitations, marking a significant step toward a valuable tool for studying complex biological systems.
Assuntos
Carbono , Eletroforese , Eletroforese/métodos , Eletroforese/instrumentação , Carbono/química , Microeletrodos , Eletrodos , Microesferas , Poliestirenos/química , Desenho de EquipamentoRESUMO
To realize the health benefits of probiotic bacteria, they must withstand processing and storage conditions and remain viable after use. The encapsulation of these probiotics in the form of microspheres containing tapioca flour as a prebiotic and vehicle component in their structure or shell affords symbiotic effects that improve the survival of probiotics under unfavorable conditions. Microencapsulation is one such method that has proven to be effective in protecting probiotics from adverse conditions while maintaining their viability and functionality. The aim of the work was to obtain high-quality microspheres that can act as carriers of Lactobacillus casei bacteria and to assess the impact of encapsulation on the viability of probiotic microorganisms in alginate microspheres enriched with a prebiotic (tapioca flour) and additionally coated with hyaluronic acid, chitosan, or gelatin. The influence of the composition of microparticles on the physicochemical properties and the viability of probiotic bacteria during storage was examined. The optimal composition of microspheres was selected using the design of experiments using statistical methods. Subsequently, the size, morphology, and cross-section of the obtained microspheres, as well as the effectiveness of the microsphere coating with biopolymers, were analyzed. The chemical structure of the microspheres was identified by using Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the success of coating the microspheres with the selected biopolymers. The obtained results showed that the addition of tapioca flour had a positive effect on the surface modification of the microspheres, causing the porous structure of the alginate microparticles to become smaller and more sealed. Moreover, the addition of prebiotic and biopolymer coatings of the microspheres, particularly using hyaluronic acid and chitosan, significantly improved the survival and viability of the probiotic strain during long-term storage. The highest survival rate of the probiotic strain was recorded for alginate-tapioca flour microspheres coated with hyaluronic acid, at 5.48 log CFU g-1. The survival rate of L. casei in that vehicle system was 89% after storage for 30 days of storage.
Assuntos
Alginatos , Lacticaseibacillus casei , Manihot , Microesferas , Probióticos , Lacticaseibacillus casei/química , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacologia , Probióticos/química , Manihot/química , Farinha , Biopolímeros/química , Biopolímeros/farmacologia , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Hialurônico/química , Ácido Hialurônico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Laser and molecular detection techniques that have been used to overcome the limitations of fluorescent DNA labeling have presented new challenges. To address some of these challenges, we developed a DNA laser that uses a solid-state silica microsphere as a ring resonator and a site for DNA-binding reactions, as well as a platform to detect and sequence target DNA molecules. We detected target DNA using laser emission from a DNA-labeling dye and a developed solid-state silica microsphere ring resonator. The microsphere was sensitive; a single base mismatch in the DNA resulted in the absence of an optical signal. As each individual microsphere can be utilized as a parallel DNA analysis chamber, this optical digital detection scheme allows for high-throughput and rapid analysis. More importantly, the solid-state DNA laser is free from deformation, which guarantees stable lasing characteristics, and can be manipulated freely outside the solution. Thus, this promising advanced DNA laser scheme can be implemented on platforms other than optofluidic chips.
Assuntos
DNA , Lasers , Microesferas , Dióxido de Silício , Dióxido de Silício/química , DNA/química , DNA/análise , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/instrumentação , Corantes Fluorescentes/químicaRESUMO
In this research, resorbable phosphate-based glass (PBG) compositions were developed using varying modifier oxides including iron (Fe2O3), copper (CuO), and manganese (MnO2), and then processed via a rapid single-stage flame spheroidisation process to manufacture dense (i.e., solid) and highly porous microspheres. Solid (63-200 µm) and porous (100-200 µm) microspheres were produced and characterised via SEM, XRD, and EDX to investigate their surface topography, structural properties, and elemental distribution. Complementary NMR investigations revealed the formation of Q2, Q1, and Q0 phosphate species within the porous and solid microspheres, and degradation studies performed to evaluate mass loss, particle size, and pH changes over 28 days showed no significant differences among the microspheres (63-71 µm) investigated. The microspheres produced were then investigated using clinical (1.5 T) and preclinical (7 T) MRI systems to determine the R1 and R2 relaxation rates. Among the compositions investigated, manganese-based porous and solid microspheres revealed enhanced levels of R2 (9.7-10.5 s-1 for 1.5 T; 17.1-18.9 s-1 for 7 T) and R1 (3.4-3.9 s-1 for 1.5 T; 2.2-2.3 s-1 for 7 T) when compared to the copper and iron-based microsphere samples. This was suggested to be due to paramagnetic ions present in the Mn-based microspheres. It is also suggested that the porosity in the resorbable PBG porous microspheres could be further explored for loading with drugs or other biologics. This would further advance these materials as MRI theranostic agents and generate new opportunities for MRI contrast-enhancement oral-delivery applications.
Assuntos
Meios de Contraste , Vidro , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Microesferas , Fosfatos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Meios de Contraste/química , Vidro/química , Fosfatos/química , Porosidade , Tamanho da Partícula , Cobre/química , Compostos Férricos/químicaRESUMO
Adequate simulation mimicking a tissue's native environment is one of the elemental premises in tissue engineering. Although various attempts have been made to induce human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) into an osteogenic pathway, they are still far from widespread clinical application. Most strategies focus primarily on providing a specific type of cue, inadequately replicating the complexity of the bone microenvironment. An alternative multifunctional platform for hMSC osteogenic differentiation has been produced. It is based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and cobalt ferrites magnetoelectric microspheres, functionalized with collagen and gelatin, and packed in a 3D arrangement. This platform is capable of performing mechanical stimulation of piezoelectric PVDF, mimicking the bones electromechanical biophysical cues. Surface functionalization with extracellular matrix biomolecules and osteogenic medium complete this all-round approach. hMSC were cultured in osteogenic inducing conditions and tested for proliferation, surface biomarkers, and gene expression to evaluate their osteogenic commitment.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Osteogênese , Polivinil , Engenharia Tecidual , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Polivinil/química , Células Cultivadas , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Gelatina/química , Biomimética , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Colágeno/química , Microesferas , Cobalto/química , Cobalto/farmacologia , Microambiente Celular , Polímeros de FluorcarbonetoRESUMO
The core intent of the existing effort was to explore a triple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. A hard gelatin capsule filled with metronidazole (MNZ) floating microspheres aided with Plantago ovata seed mucilage (POSM) and Clarithromycin (CMN) floating microspheres aided with Abelmoschus esculentus fruit mucilage (AEFM). These mucilages were adopted as they have gastro-protective actions. These microspheres were designed by a central composite design. The influence of polymers used was checked towards the drug entrapment efficacy and floating time was tallied as a response. The capsule also contains Pantoprazole sodium (PZS) enteric-coated mini-tablets. These mini-tablets were checked for the coating thickness as a response (Design Expert). The microspheres and the mini-tablets were gauged for tests and a positive response was reported. The study summarizes that microspheres of MNZ & CMN and PZS enteric-coated mini-tablets can be used to eradicate H. pylori effectively. POSM and AEFM can aid MNZ and CMN microspheres formulations and have ulcer-curing and gastric-protective abilities.
Assuntos
Abelmoschus , Claritromicina , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Metronidazol , Microesferas , Plantago , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Plantago/química , Abelmoschus/química , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Pantoprazol/administração & dosagem , Pantoprazol/farmacologia , Cápsulas , Polímeros/química , Sementes/química , Comprimidos com Revestimento Entérico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Frutas , Gelatina/química , Humanos , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Amantadine (AMA), commonly used to treat viral infections in livestock and poultry, has been banned owing to its potential hazards to human well-being. To detect unauthorized AMA usage in livestock, we developed a polyclonal antibody with a high affinity for the specific recognition of AMA through a rational design based on a structure similar to AMA and revealed the availability of the hapten design by computational chemistry analysis. Using this antibody, we established a highly responsive time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA). The visual detection limit of the assay is 0.6 µg/kg, and the quantitative detection limit is 0.05 µg/kg. The TRFICA also showed good recovery rates ranging from 94.5 to 109.9%, with variability coefficients not exceeding 10%. The outcomes of undisclosed sample examinations aligned with those of HPLC-MS/MS analyses, indicating that this approach can function as an ideal screening and monitoring tool for detecting illegal AMA in chicken muscle.
Assuntos
Amantadina , Galinhas , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Animais , Amantadina/análise , Cromatografia de Afinidade/métodos , Cromatografia de Afinidade/instrumentação , Microesferas , Carne/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Fluorescência , Limite de Detecção , Imunoensaio/métodosRESUMO
This study introduces a novel diagnostic modality for the detection of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) antibodies in feline serum by using fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strips (FM-ICTS). Leveraging the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interactions, the FM-ICTS approach demonstrates considerable potential for efficient and accurate FPV antibody detection within a short timeframe. The FM-ICTS method demonstrates strong diagnostic performance, with consistent accuracy and stability over time. PBS buffer dilution enables detection across the range of FPV antibody haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres in both healthy and immunized or infected cats. A high correlation (R² = 0.9733) between the T/C ratio and FPV antibody titres confirms the method's effectiveness in quantifying these titres. Clinical validation with 84 samples supports its reliability by matching results with HI assays. Additionally, stability tests show that the test strips maintain performance during storage, with a coefficient of variation (CV) below 12% over three months at 25â. This innovative FM-ICTS framework emerges as a promising avenue for expedient and dependable disease diagnosis within the realm of veterinary science, offering implications for timely disease management and surveillance.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina , Panleucopenia Felina , Microesferas , Animais , Gatos , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Panleucopenia Felina/diagnóstico , Panleucopenia Felina/virologia , Panleucopenia Felina/imunologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fitas Reagentes , Cromatografia de Afinidade/métodos , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação/métodos , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Two burrowing clam species, namely Meretrix meretrix and Paphia undulata, were offered two sizes (small: 45-53 µm, and large: 106-125 µm) of fluorescent red polyethylene microbeads, and the ingestion (number of MPs in the body tissue and faeces) and rejection (number of MPs in pseudofaeces) of MPs investigated. Overall, MP beads ingested were 36 % more than those rejected. There was also a significant interaction between the size and fate of MPs. For both species, significantly more small beads were ingested than rejected, but there was no difference for the large beads. P. undulata ingested more MPs than M. meretrix and both species could depurate all the ingested MPs in 72 h, although a longer time was needed for the former species. The results can provide guidance on seafood selection and pre-treatment to minimize the number of MPs ingested by humans.