RESUMO
Widespread availability of antibiotics without prescription potentially facilitates overuse and contributes to selection pressure for antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Prior to this study, anecdotal observations in Guatemala identified corner stores as primary antibiotic dispensaries, where people purchase antibiotics without prescriptions. We carried out a cross sectional study to document the number and types of antibiotics available in corner stores, in four study areas in Guatemala. A total of 443 corner stores were surveyed, of which 295 (67%) sold antibiotics. The most commonly available antibiotics were amoxicillin, found in 246/295 (83%) stores, and tetracycline, found in 195/295 (66%) stores. Over the counter sales result from laissez-faire enforcement of antibiotic dispensing regulations in Guatemala combined with patient demand. This study serves as a baseline to document changes in the availability of antibiotics in informal establishments in light of new pharmacy regulations for antibiotic dispensing, which were adopted after this study was completed.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/provisão & distribuição , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Autoadministração/estatística & dados numéricos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/economia , Uso Indevido de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Guatemala , Humanos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/economia , Empresa de Pequeno Porte/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Recomenda aos Senadores que compõem a Comissão de Assuntos Sociais (CAS) e a Comissão de Constituição, Justiça e Cidadania (CCJ) do Senado Federal que não aprovem o PL nº 3.589/2019, que tramita nestas comissões, em decisão terminativa, em consonância com a recomendação da OMS, de que o uso responsável de Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição (MIPs) deve ser feito de forma segura e segundo orientação de profissional habilitado, já que os altos índices de intoxicação por medicamentos no Brasil podem ser agravados com a referida medida normativa.
Assuntos
Uso de Medicamentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , /legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
Recomenda à Presidência da Câmara dos Deputados que não aprove o Projeto de Lei nº 9.482/2018, que acrescenta o §2º ao Art. 6º da Lei nº 5.991, de 17 de dezembro de 1973, que visa autorizar os supermercados e estabelecimentos similares a dispensarem medicamentos isentos de prescrição.
Assuntos
Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Comercialização de Medicamentos , /legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Improper antibiotic use is one of the main drivers of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, increasing infectious diseases morbidity and mortality and raising costs of healthcare. The level of antibiotic consumption has been shown to vary according to socioeconomic determinants (SED) such as income and access to education. In many Latin American countries, antibiotics could be easily purchased without a medical prescription in private pharmacies before enforcement of restrictions on over-the-counter (OTC) sales in recent years. Brazil issued a law abolishing OTC sales in October 2010. This study seeks to find SED of antibiotic consumption in the Brazilian state of São Paulo (SSP) and to estimate the impact of the 2010 law. METHODS: Data on all oral antibiotic sales having occurred in the private sector in SSP from 2008 to 2012 were pooled into the 645 municipalities of SSP. Linear regression was performed to estimate consumption levels that would have occurred in 2011 and 2012 if no law regulating OTC sales had been issued in 2010. These values were compared to actual observed levels, estimating the effect of this law. Linear regression was performed to find association of antibiotic consumption levels and of a greater effect of the law with municipality level data on SED obtained from a nationwide census. RESULTS: Oral antibiotic consumption in SSP rose from 8.44 defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) in 2008 to 9.95 in 2010, and fell to 8.06 DID in 2012. Determinants of a higher consumption were higher human development index, percentage of urban population, density of private health establishments, life expectancy and percentage of females; lower illiteracy levels and lower percentage of population between 5 and 15 years old. A higher percentage of females was associated with a stronger effect of the law. CONCLUSIONS: SSP had similar antibiotic consumption levels as the whole country of Brazil, and they were effectively reduced by the policy.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/provisão & distribuição , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Legislação de Medicamentos , Antibacterianos/economia , Brasil , Uso de Medicamentos/economia , Uso de Medicamentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/economia , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Farmácias/economia , Farmácias/legislação & jurisprudência , Farmácias/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Descoberta de Drogas/tendências , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Descoberta de Drogas/economia , Medicamentos Genéricos/provisão & distribuição , Previsões , Humanos , Masculino , Marketing , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/economia , Citrato de Sildenafila/economia , Citrato de Sildenafila/provisão & distribuiçãoRESUMO
In the area of public health, it is fundamental to understand the structure and dynamics of the Ecuadorian pharmaceutical market, its segmentation between the public and private sectors, and its relationship with supply and demand, both for generic and brand-name drugs. To achieve this, an observational descriptive study was conducted with information obtained from the available scientific, institutional, technical-administrative, and economic databases. Furthermore, the scientific information concerning the Ecuadorian and regional pharmaceutical market was reviewed through the PubMed and Ovid search engines. In Ecuador, 69.6% of dispensed drugs are brand-name and 30.4% are generics. Of all registered drugs in the country, 1,829 (13.6%) are considered over-the-counter and 11,622 (86.4%) are for sale under medical prescription. In terms of sales, 93.15% correspond to brand-name drugs and only 6.85% to generics. Ninety percent of the pharmacies are located in urban areas and only 10% in rural areas. In the last five years, prices have increased by 12.5% for brand-name drugs and 0.86% for generics. Brand-name drugs are dispensed and consumed 2.3 times more than generics. The majority of pharmacies are located in urban areas, showing that there is a relationship between purchasing power and access to drugs. Although the regulatory authority stipulates that 13% of drugs should be over-the-counter, approximately 60% of the population acquires drugs without a medical prescription.
Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Medicamentos sob Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , EquadorRESUMO
Resulta fundamental, en el área de la salud pública, conocer la estructura y dinámica del mercado farmacéutico ecuatoriano, su segmentación entre el sector público y privado, así como su relación con la demanda y oferta de medicamentos tanto genéricos como de marca. Para esto, se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional con la información obtenida de las bases de datos científicos, institucionales, técnico-administrativas y económicas disponibles. Además, se revisó la información científica referente al mercado farmacéutico ecuatoriano y regional a través de los buscadores PubMed y Ovid. Los medicamentos de marca dispensados en el país corresponden 69,6% a marcas y los genéricos a 30,4%. En Ecuador, del total de medicamentos registrados, 1 829 (13,6%) son considerados de venta libre y 11 622 (86,4%) son de venta bajo prescripción médica. De las ventas, 93,15% corresponden a medicamentos de marca y solo 6,85% a genéricos. El 90% de las farmacias se hallan en la zona urbana y solo 10% a nivel rural. El incremento de precios en los últimos cinco años fue de 12,5% para los medicamentos de marca y de 0,86% para genéricos. La dispensación y consumo de medicamentos de marca es 2,3 veces mayor que la de genéricos. La mayoría de las farmacias se localizan en la zona urbana, demostrando que existe una relación entre el poder adquisitivo y el acceso a los medicamentos. A pesar de que la autoridad reguladora estipula que 13% de medicamentos son de venta libre, aproximadamente 60% de la población accede a medicamentos sin prescripción médica.
In the area of public health, it is fundamental to understand the structure and dynamics of the Ecuadorian pharmaceutical market, its segmentation between the public and private sectors, and its relationship with supply and demand, both for generic and brand-name drugs. To achieve this, an observational descriptive study was conducted with information obtained from the available scientific, institutional, technical-administrative, and economic databases. Furthermore, the scientific information concerning the Ecuadorian and regional pharmaceutical market was reviewed through the PubMed and Ovid search engines. In Ecuador, 69.6% of dispensed drugs are brand-name and 30.4% are generics. Of all registered drugs in the country, 1 829 (13.6%) are considered over-the-counter and 11 622 (86.4%) are for sale under medical prescription. In terms of sales, 93.15% correspond to brand-name drugs and only 6.85% to generics. Ninety percent of the pharmacies are located in urban areas and only 10% in rural areas. In the last five years, prices have increased by 12.5% for brand-name drugs and 0.86% for generics. Brand-name drugs are dispensed and consumed 2.3 times more than generics. The majority of pharmacies are located in urban areas, showing that there is a relationship between purchasing power and access to drugs. Although the regulatory authority stipulates that 13% of drugs should be over-the-counter, approximately 60% of the population acquires drugs without a medical prescription. .
Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Medicamentos sob Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , EquadorRESUMO
Las prácticas de uso y consumo de medicamentos permiten analizar la inserción de la biomedicina y las acciones de salud pública entre los pueblos indígenas. OBJETIVO: Analizar uso, circulación y significado otorgado a los medicamentos por comunidades tapiete, guaraní, mbya-guaraní, pilagá y toba, en ámbitos rurales y periurbanos de las provincias argentinas de Salta, Formosa y Misiones. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, comparativo y exploratorio, basado en técnicas cualitativas: observación y entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en hospitales, centros de salud, farmacias y hogares de las familias indígenas durante 2012-2013. RESULTADOS: El estudio demostró que los indígenas se proveían de medicamentos por diversas vías. En algunos de los grupos se registró una alta incidencia de automedicación con consumo de analgésicos, antiinflamatorios y antibióticos (amoxicilina), una coexistencia de prácticas culturales propias con las del sistema biomédico y diversos recorridos terapéuticos. Se observó una mayor presencia de medicamentos en los grupos guaraní y tapiete de Salta y la comunidad periurbana toba de Formosa, menor en lapilagá y escasa en la mbya-guaraní. CONCLUSIONES: El vínculo con los medicamentos muestra una gran variabilidad según el grupo étnico. Existe una marcada aceptación, pese a la difícil relación con los servicios de salud. Es necesario considerar las prácticas de la salud y la enfermedad en los pueblos originarios a fin de mejorar las acciones preventivas y de intervención...
Practices related with use and consumption of pharmaceuticals constitute a venue to analyze thein corporation of biomedicine and public health actions among indigenous peoples. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use, circulation and meaning given to pharmaceuticals by Tapiete, Guaraní, Mbya-Guaraní, Pilagá and Toba indigenous communities from rural and peri-urban areas in the Argentine provinces of Salta, Formosa and Misiones. METHODS: Descriptive, comparative and exploratory study, based on qualitative techniques: observation and semi-structured interviews conducted in hospitals, health centers, pharmacies and houses of indigenous families during 2012-2013. RESULTS: Indigenous peoples obtained pharmaceuticals through different channels. In some of the groups there was a high incidence of self-medication with consumption ofanalgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics (amoxicillin), aswell as a coexistence of native cultural practices and those of the biomedical health system and diverse therapeutic itineraries.There was a larger presence of pharmaceuticals among Guaraní and Tapiete groups in Salta and the peri-urban Toba community in Formosa, less among the Pilagá and scarce among the Mbya-Guaraní. CONCLUSIONS: The relation with pharmaceuticals varies greatly according to the ethnic group. In spite of the difficult relation with health care services, there iswide acceptance of pharmaceuticals. It is necessary to consider the health and illness practices of native peoples to improve preventive measures and interventions...
Assuntos
Humanos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Antropologia Cultural/educação , Antropologia Cultural/história , Automedicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Medicina Tradicional/história , Preparações Farmacêuticas/provisão & distribuição , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Saúde de Populações Indígenas/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe and evaluate policies implemented in Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico (1995-2009) to prohibit antibiotic OTC sales and explore limitations in available data. METHODS: We searched and analysed legislation, grey literature and peer-reviewed publications on regulatory interventions and implementation strategies to enforce prohibition of OTC antibiotic sales. We also assessed the impact using private sector retail sales data of antibiotics studying changes in level and consumption trends before and after the policy change using segmented time series analysis. Finally, we assessed the completeness and data quality through an established checklist to test the suitability of the data for analysis of the interventions. RESULTS: Whereas Chile implemented a comprehensive package of interventions to accompany regulation changes, Colombia's reform was limited to the capital district and Venezuela's limited to only some antibiotics and without awareness campaigns. In Mexico, no enforcement was enacted. The data showed a differential effect of the intervention among the countries studied with a significant change in level of consumption in Chile (-5.56 DID) and in Colombia (-1.00DID). In Venezuela and Mexico, no significant change in level and slope was found. Changes in population coverage were identified as principal limitations of using sales data for evaluating the reform impact. CONCLUSION: Retail sales data can be useful when assessing policy impact but should be supplemented by other data sources such as public sector sales and prescription data. Implementing regulatory enforcement has shown some impact, but a sustainable, concerted approach will be needed to address OTC sales in the future.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/provisão & distribuição , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Legislação de Medicamentos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Farmácias/legislação & jurisprudência , Chile , Colômbia , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , México , VenezuelaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: As part of the Border Contraceptive Access Study, we interviewed oral contraceptive (OC) users living in El Paso, Texas, to assess motivations for patronizing a US clinic or a Mexican pharmacy with over-the-counter (OTC) pills and to determine which women were likely to use the OTC option. METHODS: We surveyed 532 clinic users and 514 pharmacy users about background characteristics, motivations for choosing their OC source, and satisfaction with this source. RESULTS: Older women and women born and educated in Mexico were more likely to patronize pharmacies. Cost of pills was the main motivation for choosing their source for 40% of pharmacy users and 23% of clinic users. The main advantage cited by 49% of clinic users was availability of other health services. Bypassing the requirement to obtain a doctor's prescription was most important for 27% of pharmacy users. Both groups were very satisfied with their pill source. CONCLUSIONS: Women of different ages, parities, and educational levels would likely take advantage of an OTC option were OCs available at low cost. Improving clinic provision of OCs should be considered.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais , Medicamentos sem Prescrição , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Anticoncepcionais Orais/economia , Anticoncepcionais Orais/provisão & distribuição , Escolaridade , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Honorários Farmacêuticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , México , Motivação , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/economia , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Farmácias/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La presente investigación se centra en el manejo de medicamentos en el Centro de Salud 2 de Quito, unidad de atención primaria del Ministerio de Salud y tiene tres momentos: un diagnóstico de base, un proceso de implementación del Sistema integrado de manejo de medicamentos y una evaluación final.La investigación inicial reveló que el manejo de medicamentos en el Centro de Salud era ineficiente, no satisfacía a los clientes externos, y no propiciaba las buenas prácticas de prescripción ni el uso racional de los medicamentos.En la fase de intervención, que duró diecisiete meses, se implementó y monitorizó cada componente del Sistema integrado de manejo de medicamentos se planificó y ejecutó un proceso de educación continua dirigido a prescriptores
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Sistemas de Saúde , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos sem Prescrição , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/normas , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/uso terapêutico , Organização e AdministraçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Public-private partnerships are felt to be necessary for tuberculosis (TB) control in some developing countries. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potential of a collaboration between the National TB Programme (NTP) and private pharmacies in Bolivia, the country with the highest TB incidence in Latin America. METHODS: We contacted the local Pharmacists' Association in the city of Cochabamba, and designed a two phase intervention. The objectives of the first phase were to decrease the availability of TB drugs in private pharmacies on a voluntary basis, and to improve referral of clients seeking TB drugs to the NTP. A survey of all pharmacies allowed for a before-after comparison with a baseline survey. The objectives of the second phase were to obtain referral of pharmacy clients with chronic cough for TB screening in the NTP. This phase was started in 70 pharmacies and evaluated after 2 months using the referral slips issued by the pharmacists. RESULTS: The proportion of pharmacies selling TB drugs decreased (rifampicin: 23-11.5%; isoniazid: 16-3.1%; P<0.001) and the proportion of pharmacies referring to the NTP clients seeking TB drugs increased (22-58%; P<0.0001). In the second phase, 26 of 70 pharmacies (38%) referred a total of 41 clients for screening in the NTP (i.e. an average of 0.29 clients per pharmacy and per month); 11 of 41 (27%) were screened and three of 11 (27%) diagnosed with smear-positive TB. CONCLUSION: The first phase of the intervention proved effective in reducing the availability of the main TB drugs in pharmacies, and in improving referral of clients seeking TB drugs. Key factors in this success were not specific to Bolivia, and collaboration between private pharmacies and public services appears possible in that respect. However, collaboration with pharmacies does not seem an efficient way to increase the number of patients screened for TB, and to shorten delays to TB diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/provisão & distribuição , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/organização & administração , Programas Governamentais/organização & administração , Setor Privado , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Bolívia , Comportamento Cooperativo , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Relações Interprofissionais , Programas de Rastreamento , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Encaminhamento e Consulta/organização & administração , Tuberculose/diagnósticoRESUMO
CONTEXT: In Mexico, oral contraceptives (OCs) are available to women over-the-counter in pharmacies. While past research has suggested that nonmedical providers, such as pharmacy workers, are capable of screening women for contraindications to OCs, little is known about their practices. METHODS: After selecting a 10% random sample of all pharmacies in Mexico City (n = 108), we surveyed the first available pharmacy worker to learn more about pharmacy workers' screening practices when selling OCs over-the-counter to women. RESULTS: While nearly all of the pharmacy workers surveyed had sold OCs without a prescription, only 31% reported asking women any questions before selling pills. Among those who asked questions, the most commonly asked questions were about other medications a woman was taking, about blood pressure and about alcohol intake. Pharmacy workers did not ask these questions consistently to all clients. CONCLUSION: Training pharmacy workers might be one strategy to improve screening of women for pill contraindications. However, pharmacy workers may lack the time and motivation to carry out such screening. An alternative strategy might be to better inform women to self-screen for pill contraindications.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais Combinados/provisão & distribuição , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Assistência Farmacêutica/normas , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Contraindicações , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Assistência Farmacêutica/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dipyrone is an antipyretic drug that has been associated with agranulocytosis. It is banned in the United States but is available in Mexico under the name Neo-melubrina. OBJECTIVES: To define the use of Neo-melubrina in the Hispanic population of 2 San Diego, California, community clinics and to determine local physicians' and nurse practitioners' awareness of the drug and its risks. DESIGN: Patient survey and provider survey. PATIENTS: 200 parents of Hispanic pediatric patients. Providers: members of San Diego chapters of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the California Coalition of Nurse Practitioners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported use of Neo-melubrina by patients, and provider awareness of Neo-melubrina and its most significant side effects. RESULTS: Of the 200 patients, 76 (38.0%) reported a lifetime use of Neo-melubrina. Most (56%) used it for both pain and fever. Most providers were unable to correctly identify why Neo-melubrina might be used or its adverse effects. Physicians answered correctly more often than nurse practitioners and pediatric providers more often than family medicine providers. Providers who trained within 75 miles of the US-Mexico border, who reported a patient population of more than 50% Hispanic, and who were resident physicians at the time of the survey were most likely to answer correctly. CONCLUSIONS: Neo-melubrina has been used by a substantial percentage of Hispanic patients in the community clinics surveyed. Many San Diego health care providers are unaware of this medication and may, therefore, miss opportunities to educate patients about safer alternatives.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Dipirona/efeitos adversos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Adulto , Agranulocitose/induzido quimicamente , California , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
Seventy pharmacies located in Sao Paulo were randomly selected and visited. Seven researchers posed as ordinary clients presenting with a standardized complaint of symptoms according to a scenario previously defined. The client asked for medicines to relieve his/her pain or discomfort. After the seller's suggestion the client asked for 2 drugs randomly selected from a drug list containing 30 trademarked drugs commonly prescribed to arthritis patients. These drugs should be available only on prescription. In only 12.8% of the pharmacies did the seller initially suggest the client see a physician. The sellers "prescribed' non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), vitamins, analgesics (AN) and corticosteroids (CO) in respectively 42.8, 20.0, 14.3 and 5.7% of the visits. From the drug list, the client secured 67.7% of the NSAID, 65.0% of the CO and 20.0% of the sedatives without presenting a prescription. Pharmacy sellers usually comply with the clients demands. Future studies should aim at the evaluation of interventions to reduce the availability of the over-the-counter drugs for arthritis.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/provisão & distribuição , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/provisão & distribuição , Anti-Inflamatórios/provisão & distribuição , Artrite/tratamento farmacológico , Países em Desenvolvimento , Mau Uso de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Artrite/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Revisão de Uso de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Farmácias/estatística & dados numéricos , EsteroidesRESUMO
Con el objetivo de investigar la magnitud de la prescripción de medicamentos en las farmacias sin receta médica se realizó la visita a 50 establecimientos farmacéuticos de la ciudad de Corrientes seleccionados al azar. La investigación consistió en la simulación de una enfermedad por un grupo de alumnos de la Cátedra de Semiotecnia y Fisiopatología, que concurrían a las farmacias solicitando un tratamiento. Del análisis de los resultados obtenidos se observó que en 45/50 (90 por ciento) farmacias se realizó una prescripción de medicamentos, y solo 5/50 (10 por ciento) indicaron específicamente una consulta médica. Ante la requisitoria, 10 de las 45 que medicaron (20 por ciento) indicaron la consulta luego de un período de tratamiento. Del análisis de las indicaciones, 42 de las 45 (93,33 por ciento) son de medicamentos catalogados como de "venta bajo receta". 86,67 por ciento fueron de antibióticos, en monodrogas o en combinaciones fijas, siendo la indicación más frecuente la de una asociación de uno o dos antibióticos con un analgésico urinario. Las drogas más indicadas fueron combinaciones de dos drogas un quimioterápico con una analgésico urinario (37,78 por ciento), y una combinación de tres drogas o dosis fijas (35,55 por ciento), de dos quimioterápicos con un analgésico urinario. No se pudo establecer una relación de costo con la indicación, ya que los medicamentos indicados no eran los más costosos. Se analizan aspectos relacionados al problema estudiado y se realizan propuestas a fin de tratar de conseguir una utilización más racional de los medicamentos
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Responsabilidade Legal/economia , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Farmácias/estatística & dados numéricos , Argentina , Comércio/estatística & dados numéricos , Farmacoeconomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Farmacêuticos/tendências , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/efeitos adversos , Técnicos em Farmácia/tendênciasRESUMO
Con el objetivo de investigar la magnitud de la prescripción de medicamentos en las farmacias sin receta médica se realizó la visita a 50 establecimientos farmacéuticos de la ciudad de Corrientes seleccionados al azar. La investigación consistió en la simulación de una enfermedad por un grupo de alumnos de la Cátedra de Semiotecnia y Fisiopatología, que concurrían a las farmacias solicitando un tratamiento. Del análisis de los resultados obtenidos se observó que en 45/50 (90 por ciento) farmacias se realizó una prescripción de medicamentos, y solo 5/50 (10 por ciento) indicaron específicamente una consulta médica. Ante la requisitoria, 10 de las 45 que medicaron (20 por ciento) indicaron la consulta luego de un período de tratamiento. Del análisis de las indicaciones, 42 de las 45 (93,33 por ciento) son de medicamentos catalogados como de "venta bajo receta". 86,67 por ciento fueron de antibióticos, en monodrogas o en combinaciones fijas, siendo la indicación más frecuente la de una asociación de uno o dos antibióticos con un analgésico urinario. Las drogas más indicadas fueron combinaciones de dos drogas un quimioterápico con una analgésico urinario (37,78 por ciento), y una combinación de tres drogas o dosis fijas (35,55 por ciento), de dos quimioterápicos con un analgésico urinario. No se pudo establecer una relación de costo con la indicación, ya que los medicamentos indicados no eran los más costosos. Se analizan aspectos relacionados al problema estudiado y se realizan propuestas a fin de tratar de conseguir una utilización más racional de los medicamentos (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Farmácias/estatística & dados numéricos , Responsabilidade Legal/economia , Argentina , Técnicos em Farmácia/tendências , Farmacêuticos/tendências , Comércio/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/efeitos adversos , Farmacoeconomia/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Durante Septiembre de 1991, se encuestó una muestra de 400 personas, elegidas aleatoriamente para sexo y edad, las cuales compraron algún medicamento en farmacias de la zona. De las personas encuestadas, sólo un 2 por ciento presentó su receta médica al momento de la compra. En caso de que el medicamento no fuera para el encuestado, los datos obtenidos corresponden al destinatario, como por ejemplo, en el grupo de menores de un año. La distribución de los destinatarios de los medicamentos, comprendió un 67 por ciento al sexo femenino y un 33 por ciento al masculino; en relación a la edad, predominó el grupo de 31-40 años y el de menores de un año, respectivamente. De los productos comprados, predominan los antiinflamatorios no esteroidales (AINE) 32 por ciento, como dipirona e ibuprofeno, seguido de los antibióticos 28 por ciento, como cotrimoxazol, penicilina y ampicilina. El rubro otros (aminofilina, clorpropamida, anovulatorios, etc.) ocupó un papel importante en la compra, con un 32 por ciento
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Automedicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/provisão & distribuição , Assistência Farmacêutica , Prescrições de MedicamentosRESUMO
Many health care providers practicing near the border between the United States and Mexico have serious concerns about their patients' using medications obtained in Mexico. Despite these concerns, the extent of this problem is not known. A survey administered in a publicly funded rural clinic and an urban private practice in southern New Mexico assessed this problem. The survey revealed that 87% of the rural clinic patients and 6% of the urban private practice patients had purchased medications in Mexico within the past two months. Further, 91% of the clinic patients and 56% of the private practice patients stated that they had, at some time, used medications from Mexico. Although many of these medications are fairly innocuous, their easy accessibility and lack of regulation can lead to serious health hazards.