RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the phenolic compounds, the antibacterial activity of extract from Laurus nobilis leaves, and its possible effect on transforming growth factor-ß1 expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. METHODS: The phenolic components of Laurus nobilis were identified by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The antibacterial activity of this extract was determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The transforming growth factor-ß1 expression was analyzed using the RT-qPCR method. RESULTS: Epicatechin was found in the highest amount and o-coumaric acid in the lowest amount. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined to be 55.17 µg/mL. The zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 15, 14, and 8 mm and 125, 250, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The change in transforming growth factor-ß1 expression levels was found to be statistically significant compared with the control groups (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Laurus nobilis extract was found to be effective against bacteria and altered the expression level of transforming growth factor-ß1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Enterococcus faecalis , Laurus , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais , Staphylococcus aureus , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Laurus/química , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismoRESUMO
Medicinal and aromatic plants have very substantial emotional effects on rats, which is part of the current study. Decoction products of three Moroccan plants (Lavandula angustifolia L., Laurus nobilis L., and Artemisia herba-alba) were used to be tested on Wistar rats in the laboratory. The goal was to check if they had an anti-depressant and/or anti-anxiety action on the animals' tests. Wistar Rats were born and bred in the pet store of the Faculty of Science, Kenitra. The antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects were assessed according to three animal models: Open Field, Elevated Plus-maze for anxiety, and the Forced Swimming animal model for depression. The results showed that drinking water containing plant extracts has anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effects. Rats have overcome depression by reducing downtime during forced swimming. Concerning anti-anxiety, the open-field test showed an increase in the rat's locomotor activity, which indicates unhesitating exploratory behavior in the form of confident movement through the number of visits to the central part and the total distance crossed. The anxiety reduction was also corroborated by the elevated Plus-maze test, where the rats displayed no aversion to open spaces on account of the prolonged time they spent in the open arms and platform of the raised cross maze. In light of the findings from the experiments conducted in the study, the decoction products of the three plants appear to be viable candidates for the treatment of depression and anxiety.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Ansiedade/terapia , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos Wistar , Artemisia , Lavandula , Laurus , Depressão/terapiaRESUMO
The factors that arouse interest in the study of essential oils as biocidal agents are numerous, such as the fact that they have antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and larvicidal properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of the laurel (Laurus nobilis L) essential oil on the growth of pathogenic bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, at different exposure times, as well as to perform the chemical characterization. Twenty compounds were identified and quantified, representing 96.57% of the total composition. The class of oxygenated monoterpenes represented the majority class of the essential oil, with 1,8-cineol (33.8%) as the substance found in greater quantity, followed by linalool (17.79%). The third constituent in greater quantity was sabinene (12.23%), belonging to the group of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Terpinyl acetate (9.41%) was also considered to be quantitatively representative. Laurel essential oil showed bacteriostatic activity against S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and S. aureus ATCC 25923.(AU)
Os fatores que despertam interesse no estudo dos óleos essenciais como agentes biocidas são inúmeros, como o fato de possuírem propriedades antibacteriana, antifúngica, inseticida, antioxidante, antiinflamatória e larvicida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, in vitro, do óleo essencial de louro (Laurus nobilis L) sobre o crescimento das bactérias patogênicas Salmonella enterica sorovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 e Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, em diferentes tempos de exposição, assim como realizar a caracterização química do óleo. Vinte compostos foram identificados e quantificados, representando 96,57% da composição total. A classe dos monoterpenos oxigenados representou a classe majoritária do óleo essencial, sendo o 1,8-cineol (33,8%) a substância encontrada em maior quantidade, seguido do linalol (17,79%). O terceiro constituinte em maior quantidade foi o sabineno (12,23%), pertencente ao grupo dos hidrocarbonetos monoterpênicos. O acetato de terpinila (9,41%) também foi considerado quantitativamente representativo. O óleo essencial de louro apresentou atividade bacteriostática contra S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 e S. aureus ATCC 25923.(AU)
Los factores que despiertan interés en el estudio de los aceites esenciales como agentes biocidas son innumerables, como el hecho de que tienen propiedades antibacterianas, anti fúngicas, insecticidas, antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y larvicidas. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana, in vitro, del aceite esencial de laurel (Laurus nobilis L) sobre el crecimiento de bacterias patógenas Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 y Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, en diferentes momentos de exposición, así como realizar la caracterización química del aceite. Se identificaron y cuantificaron veinte compuestos, que representan el 96,57% de la composición total. La clase de mono terpenos oxigenados representó la clase principal de aceite esencial, siendo el 1,8-cineol (33,8%) la sustancia que se encuentra en mayor cantidad, seguida del linalol (17,79%). El tercer constituyente en mayor cantidad fue el sabineno (12,23%), perteneciente al grupo de los hidrocarburos monoterpénicos. El acetato de terpinilo (9,41%) también se consideró cuantitativamente representativo. El aceite esencial de laurel mostró actividad bacteriostática contra S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 y S. aureus ATCC 25923.(AU)
Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella enterica , Laurus/química , Antioxidantes , Técnicas In Vitro , AntibacterianosRESUMO
Laurel leaves characterized with interesting antioxidant effects, which have often used to improve the immunity with positive consequences on growth and performance This study was conducted to assess the effect of adding crushed laurel leaves to the diet on the productive traits of broiler chickens. A total of 180 broiler chickens, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with a rate of 45 birds per treatment; each treatment consisted of three replicates. The first treatment, or control, was generated without adding laurel leaves to the diet, second, third, and fourth treatments were generated by adding laurel leaves with amounts of 1, 2, and 3 g kg-1 feed, respectively. Nine productive traits were evaluated in this study, including the average of live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, percentage of mortality, productive index, length of the villus, depth of crypts, and villus length/crypts length ratio. Results indicated that the addition of laurel leaves led to a significant improvement in all productive traits, signifying highly essential participation of laurel leaves to enhance growth and performance. In conclusion, it can be stated that adding 3 g kg-1 of crushed laurel leaves to the diet can improve the productive traits of broiler chickens.
Assuntos
Animais , Aumento de Peso , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Laurus/fisiologia , Laurus/metabolismoRESUMO
Laurel leaves characterized with interesting antioxidant effects, which have often used to improve the immunity with positive consequences on growth and performance This study was conducted to assess the effect of adding crushed laurel leaves to the diet on the productive traits of broiler chickens. A total of 180 broiler chickens, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with a rate of 45 birds per treatment; each treatment consisted of three replicates. The first treatment, or control, was generated without adding laurel leaves to the diet, second, third, and fourth treatments were generated by adding laurel leaves with amounts of 1, 2, and 3 g kg-1 feed, respectively. Nine productive traits were evaluated in this study, including the average of live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, percentage of mortality, productive index, length of the villus, depth of crypts, and villus length/crypts length ratio. Results indicated that the addition of laurel leaves led to a significant improvement in all productive traits, signifying highly essential participation of laurel leaves to enhance growth and performance. In conclusion, it can be stated that adding 3 g kg-1 of crushed laurel leaves to the diet can improve the productive traits of broiler chickens.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Laurus/metabolismo , Laurus/fisiologia , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
Essential oils (EOs) are considered a new class of ecological products aimed at the control of insects for industrial and domestic use; however, there still is a lack of studies involving the control of fleas. Ctenocephalides felis felis, the most observed parasite in dogs and cats, is associated with several diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity, the establishment of LC50 and toxicity of EOs from Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm, Cinnamomum spp., Laurus nobilis L., Mentha spicata L., Ocimum gratissimum L. and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle against immature stages and adults of C. felis felis. Bioassay results suggest that the method of evaluation was able to perform a pre-screening of the activity of several EOs, including the discriminatory evaluation of flea stages by their LC50. Ocimum gratissimum EO was the most effective in the in vitro assays against all flea stages, presenting adulticide (LC50 = 5.85 µg cm-2), ovicidal (LC50 = 1.79 µg cm-2) and larvicidal (LC50 = 1.21 µg cm-2) mortality at low doses. It also presented an excellent profile in a toxicological eukaryotic model. These findings may support studies involving the development of non-toxic products for the control of fleas in dogs and cats.
Assuntos
Ctenocephalides , Controle de Insetos , Inseticidas , Óleos Voláteis , Alpinia/química , Animais , Cinnamomum/química , Ctenocephalides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cymbopogon/química , Técnicas In Vitro , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Laurus/química , Mentha spicata/química , Ocimum/química , Óvulo/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. was used to test their antinociceptive efficacy. It was applied intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats subjected to a nociception test (C reflex and spinal wind-up). The results showed that the essential oil applied at higher doses (0.06 mg/Kg) causes a complete abolition of the spinal wind-up, while the C reflex was unchanged, indicating a clear antinociceptive effect. At lower concentrations (0.012 mg/Kg), there was a lowering in the wind-up by 85% within ten minutes of the essential i.p. oil application. Interestingly, there was an effect of naloxone (0.08 mg/Kg i.p.) When applied, a change occurs that almost entirely reversed the antinociception caused by the essential oil from Laurus nobilis. We conclude that there is a significant antinociceptive effect of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis subjected to electric nociception. In addition, it was observed that naloxone reversed the antinociceptive effect (wind-up) produced by Laurus nobilis.
El aceite esencial de Laurus nobilis L. se usó para probar su eficacia antinociceptiva. Se aplicó por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.) a ratas sometidas a una prueba de nocicepción (reflejo-C y wind-up espinal). Los resultados mostraron que el aceite esencial aplicado a dosis más altas (0.06 mg/Kg) abolió completamente el wind-up espinal, mientras que el reflejo-C no cambió, lo que indica un claro efecto antinociceptivo. A concentraciones más bajas (0.012 mg/Kg), hubo una disminución en el wind-up en un 85% dentro de los diez minutos del i.p. la aplicación del aceite esencial. Curiosamente, hubo un efecto de la naloxona (0.08 mg/Kg i.p.) la cual revierte casi por completo la antinocicepción causada por el aceite esencial de Laurus nobilis. Concluimos que existe un efecto antinociceptivo significativo del aceite esencial de Laurus nobilis sometido a nocicepción eléctrica. Además, se observó que la naloxona revirtió el efecto antinociceptivo (wind-up) producido por Laurus nobilis.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Laurus/química , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Reflexo/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Naloxona/administração & dosagemRESUMO
We evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from the aromatic plants Laurus nobilis, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia junelliana against the following Candida species isolated from clinical samples: C. krusei (n = 10); C. albicans (n = 50); C. glabrata (n = 70) and C. parapsilosis (n = 80). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to EDef 7.3.1 document from EUCAST. Amphotericin B and fluconazole were the antifungal drugs used as inhibition control. The concentration ranges evaluated were 0.4-800 and 0.03-128 mg l-1 for essential oils and antifungal drugs, respectively. MIC50 and MIC90, mode and ranges were calculated. All the Candida spp. evaluated were susceptible to amphotericin B (MIC ≤ 1 mg l-1), while fluconazole was inactive for C. krusei (MIC ≥ 32 mg l-1) and intermediate for C. glabrata (MIC≤ 32 mg l-1). The essential oils showed antifungal activity on Candida spp. tested with MIC90 values ranging from 0.8 to 800 mg l-1. In general, the most active essential oils were L. nobilis and T. vulgaris (MIC90 0.8-0.16 mg l-1), and the least active was C. officinalis (MIC90 400-800 mg l-1). C. krusei was inhibited by 5/6 of the essential oils evaluated, and C. glabrata was the least susceptible one. This in vitro study confirms the antifungal activity of these six essential oils assayed which could be a potential source of new molecules useful to control fungal infections caused by some Candida species, including those resistant to antifungal drugs.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/microbiologia , Cymbopogon/química , Humanos , Laurus/química , Lippia/química , Mentha piperita/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Thymus (Planta)/químicaRESUMO
As especiarias são utilizadas na alimentação, conferindo sabor e conservação prolongada aos alimentos, pois apresentam propriedades antimicrobianas provenientes dos óleos essenciais de sua constituição. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de cravo, louro, manjericão, noz moscada e orégano frente a seis bactérias patogênicas e deteriorantes por meio da técnica de difusão em poços e determinação das Concentrações Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Bactericida Mínima (CBM). O óleo essencial de orégano evidenciou forte atividade antibacteriana (CIM 50 - 800 μg.mL-1), seguido do cravo (CIM 800 - 3200 μg.mL-1), com atividade moderada para todos os microrganismos. Os outros óleos apresentaram baixa ação (CIM 400 - 3200 μg.mL-1), não apresentando atividade sobre todos as bactérias. Desta forma os óleos essenciais de cravo e orégano apresentaram melhor atividade antibacteriana e se apresentam como promissores para a aplicação e uso em alimentos.(AU)
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Especiarias/microbiologia , Laurus/microbiologia , Syzygium/microbiologia , Ocimum basilicum/microbiologia , Myristica/microbiologia , Origanum/microbiologia , Óleos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
As especiarias são utilizadas na alimentação, conferindo sabor e conservação prolongada aos alimentos, pois apresentam propriedades antimicrobianas provenientes dos óleos essenciais de sua constituição. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de cravo, louro, manjericão, noz moscada e orégano frente a seis bactérias patogênicas e deteriorantes por meio da técnica de difusão em poços e determinação das Concentrações Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Bactericida Mínima (CBM). O óleo essencial de orégano evidenciou forte atividade antibacteriana (CIM 50 - 800 μg.mL-1), seguido do cravo (CIM 800 - 3200 μg.mL-1), com atividade moderada para todos os microrganismos. Os outros óleos apresentaram baixa ação (CIM 400 - 3200 μg.mL-1), não apresentando atividade sobre todos as bactérias. Desta forma os óleos essenciais de cravo e orégano apresentaram melhor atividade antibacteriana e se apresentam como promissores para a aplicação e uso em alimentos.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Especiarias/microbiologia , Laurus/microbiologia , Myristica/microbiologia , Ocimum basilicum/microbiologia , Origanum/microbiologia , Syzygium/microbiologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Óleos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
O presente trabalho relata o tratamento de um canário belga (Serinus canarius domesticus) que apresentava múltiplos cistos dermoides (vulgo: penas encravadas) em região de dorso há mais de quatro anos. Foi feito o procedimento preconizado para esses casos, a retirada cirúrgica dos cistos, e após foram utilizados conhecimentos fitoterápicos para a escolha de três plantas buscando coibir as causas da instalação dos cistos. O tratamento se deu de forma tópica pelo período de quatro meses com resultados apreciáveis.(AU)
This study reports the treatment of a Belgian canary (Serinus canarius domesticus) which had multiple cysts dermoid in dorsal portion of the more than four years. It was made the recommended procedure for such cases, surgical removal of cysts, and after were used herbal knowledge to the choice of three plants seeking to curb the causes of the cysts installation. The treatment was given topically for four months with appreciable results.(AU)
El presente trabajo relata el tratamiento de un canario belga (Serinus canarius domesticus) que presentaba múltiples quistes dermoides (vulgarmente conocido como plumas encarnadas) mayores a cuatro afios en la región del dorso. Fue realizado el procedimiento preconizado para eses casos, la retirada quirúrgica de losquistes, y posteriormente fueron utilizados conocimientos fitoterápicos para la elección de tres plantas, buscando cohibirlas causas de la instalación de losq uistes. El tratamiento se dió de forma tópica por el período de cuatro meses con resultados apreciables.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Canários , Cisto Dermoide/cirurgia , Cisto Dermoide/terapia , Cisto Dermoide/veterinária , Fitoterapia/veterinária , Plumas/patologia , Alho , Panicum , LaurusRESUMO
O presente trabalho relata o tratamento de um canário belga (Serinus canarius domesticus) que apresentava múltiplos cistos dermoides (vulgo: penas encravadas) em região de dorso há mais de quatro anos. Foi feito o procedimento preconizado para esses casos, a retirada cirúrgica dos cistos, e após foram utilizados conhecimentos fitoterápicos para a escolha de três plantas buscando coibir as causas da instalação dos cistos. O tratamento se deu de forma tópica pelo período de quatro meses com resultados apreciáveis.
This study reports the treatment of a Belgian canary (Serinus canarius domesticus) which had multiple cysts dermoid in dorsal portion of the more than four years. It was made the recommended procedure for such cases, surgical removal of cysts, and after were used herbal knowledge to the choice of three plants seeking to curb the causes of the cysts installation. The treatment was given topically for four months with appreciable results.
El presente trabajo relata el tratamiento de un canario belga (Serinus canarius domesticus) que presentaba múltiples quistes dermoides (vulgarmente conocido como plumas encarnadas) mayores a cuatro afios en la región del dorso. Fue realizado el procedimiento preconizado para eses casos, la retirada quirúrgica de losquistes, y posteriormente fueron utilizados conocimientos fitoterápicos para la elección de tres plantas, buscando cohibirlas causas de la instalación de losq uistes. El tratamiento se dió de forma tópica por el período de cuatro meses con resultados apreciables.
Assuntos
Animais , Canários , Cisto Dermoide/cirurgia , Cisto Dermoide/terapia , Cisto Dermoide/veterinária , Fitoterapia/veterinária , Plumas/patologia , Alho , Laurus , PanicumRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study demonstrated the antifungal potential of the chemically characterized essential oil (EO) of Laurus nobilis L. (bay laurel) against Candida spp. biofilm adhesion and formation, and further established its mode of action on C. albicans. METHODS: L. nobilis EO was obtained and tested for its minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC) against Candida spp., as well as for interaction with cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability. Then we evaluated its effects on the adhesion, formation, and reduction of 48hC. albicans biofilms. The EO phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS: The MIC and MFC values of the EO ranged from (250 to 500) µg/mL. The MIC values increased in the presence of sorbitol (osmotic protector) and ergosterol, which indicates that the EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability, respectively. At 2 MIC the EO disrupted initial adhesion of C. albicans biofilms (p<0.05) and affected biofilm formation with no difference compared to nystatin (p>0.05). When applied for 1min, every 8h, for 24h and 48h, the EO reduced the amount of C. albicans mature biofilm with no difference in relation to nystatin (p>0.05). The phytochemical analysis identified isoeugenol as the major compound (53.49%) in the sample. CONCLUSIONS: L. nobilis EO has antifungal activity probably due to monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in its composition. This EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane permeability, and showed deleterious effects against C. albicans biofilms.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Laurus/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Candida/metabolismo , Candida/fisiologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ergosterol/farmacologia , Eugenol/análogos & derivados , Eugenol/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Nistatina/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sorbitol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Micro-organismos patogênicos são responsáveis por inúmeras doenças veiculadas por alimentos, causando constante preocupação à indústria alimentícia e consumidores. Além disso, há também a preocupação com os possíveis efeitos adversos causados pelos aditivos químicos usados na conservação dos alimentos. Outro problema relacionado aos micro-organismos patogênicos é sua resistência adquirida frente aos antibióticos comuns. A procura por antimicrobianos naturais, presentes em extratos vegetais, tende a ser uma alternativa bastante interessante para todas estas questões. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de especiarias, de forma individual e combinada, sobre algumas bactérias. Foram utilizados extratos aquosos de cinco diferentes especiarias, empregados em disco de papel filtro de 6 mm de diâmetro próprios para antibiograma, colocado em placas de Petri com meios de cultura apropriados, semeados previamente com os seguintes micro-organismos: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonelia Typhimurium, Samonella Enteritidis e Staphylococcus aureus, posteriormente incubadas à 35°C/ 24 - 48 horas. Através dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o extrato aquoso de sálvia apresentou atividade antimicrobiana significativa sobre S. Typhimurium (halo de 12 mm), o extrato combinado de sálvia e alho apresentou resultado significativo sobre B. cereus e S. aureus (halos de 10 mm), este ainda foi inibido significativamente pelos extratos combinados de sálvia e urucum, sálvia e louro, sálvia e gengibre (halos de 10 mm).(AU)
Pathogenic micro-organisms are responsible for numerous diseases transmitted by foods, causing constant concern to the provision industry and consumers. Besides, there is also the concern with the possible adverse effects caused by the chemical addictive used in the conservation of foods. Another problem related to the pathogenic micro-organisms is about their resistance acquired to the common antibiotics. The search for natural antimicrobials, presents in vegetable extracts, tends to be a quite interesting alternative for all these subjects. In that way, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of spices, in an individual and combined way, on some bacteria. Were used aqueous extracts of five different spices, inserted in paper filter disks of 6 mm diameter own for antibiogram, placed in Petri dishes with appropriate culture means, previously seeded with the following personal micro-organisms: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Samonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus, subsequently incubated at 35° C/24-48 hours. Through the results obtained, it was concluded that the aqueous extract of sage presented significant antimicrobial activity on S. Typhimurium (inhibition zone 12 mm), the combined extract of sage and garlic presented significant result on B. cereus and S. aureus (inhibition zones 10 mm), this still was inhibited significantly by combined extracts of sage and urucum, sage and blond, sage and ginger (inhibition zones 10 mm).(AU)
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Anti-Infecciosos , Salvia , Alho , Bixaceae , Laurus , Especiarias , Doenças Transmitidas por AlimentosRESUMO
Herbs and spices, excellent sources of phenolic compounds, can be considered potential antioxidant additives. The use of spices must strike a balance between their potential antioxidant capabilities during preparation and the flavor acceptance, in order to avoid rejection of the food. The aimed of this study is to evaluate the influence of different spices and their concentrations on cooked common beans, focusing its potential as antioxidant additives. Onion, parsley, spring onion, laurel and coriander increased the antioxidant activity of preparation when used at 7.96 g of onion, 1.06 g parsley, 3.43 g spring onion, 0.25 g laurel (dry leaves), and 0.43 g coriander/100 g of cooked beans. Besides, these spices concentrations enhance total phenolics and alter the mixture protein digestibility minimally. For garlic samples it was not possible to establish a concentration that increases the antioxidant activity of cooked beans.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Dieta , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Phaseolus/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Especiarias , Allium/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Culinária , Coriandrum/química , Flavonoides/análise , Humanos , Laurus/química , Petroselinum/química , Fenóis/análise , Picratos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Bay leaves (BL) (Laurus nobilis L., Family: Laureceae) are traditionally used to treat some symptoms of gastrointestinal problems, such as epigastric bloating, impaired digestion, eructing and flatulence. These biological properties are mainly attributed to its phenolic compounds. In this paper, ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Laurus nobilis L. (Laureceae) was studied. Effects of several experimental factors, such as sonication time, solid/liquid ratio and concentration of solvent on extraction of phenolic compounds were evaluated through a randomized complete block design with factorial treatment arrangement (3(3)). The best extraction conditions were: 1g plant sample with 12 mL of 35% ethanol, for 40 min, obtaining a yield of phenolic compounds of 17.32±1.52 mg g(-1) of plant. In addition, free radical-scavenging potential of DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition, by linoleic acid peroxidation of the selected extract was measured in order to evidence their antioxidant properties. Results indicated that high amounts of phenolic compounds can be extracted from L. nobilis by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Laurus/química , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Sonicação , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Context: Laurelia sempervirens (R. et P.) Tul., is an evergreen tree that growths in southern Chile, its leaves and bark are used in folk medicine as an infusion. Objective: The antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and ethyl acetate extract obtained from the bark of Laurelia sempervirens were investigated. Materials and methods: Ethyl acetate extract and essential oil were analyzed by GC- mass and the antimicrobial activity was investigated against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Results: The extract and essential oil showed a strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumanii, a relevant world nosocomial pathogen Discussion and conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the ethyl acetate extract and essential oil of L.sempervirens bark have excellent antimicrobial activities and thus have great potential as a source for natural health products.
Contexto: Laurelia sempervirens (R. et P.) Tul., es un árbol de hoja perenne que crece en el sur de Chile, sus hojas y corteza se utilizan en medicina popular como infusión. Objetivo: Investigar la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial y el extracto de acetato de etilo obtenido de la corteza de Laurelia sempervirens. Materiales y métodos: El extracto de acetato de etilo y el aceite esencial se analizaron por GC-masa y la actividad antimicrobiana se analizó contra bacterias gram positivas y gram negativas. Resultados: El extracto y aceite esencial evidenció una fuerte actividad antimicrobiana frente a la bacteria, Acinetobacter baumanii patógeno que causa infecciones nosocomiales de relevancia mundial. Discusión y conclusiones: Estos hallazgos demuestran que el extracto de acetato de etilo y aceite esencial de corteza de L.sempervirens tienen excelentes actividades antimicrobianas y por lo tanto tienen un gran potencial como fuente de productos naturales para la salud.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Bactérias , Folhas de Planta/química , Laurus/química , Acetatos , Acinetobacter baumannii , Chile , Cromatografia , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the antimycobacterial potential of laurel oil, its fractions and its two sesquiterpene lactones against several mycobacterial strains and clinical isolates, and to establish the possibility of occurrence of some synergistic effects between those lactones using a modification of the fluorometric Alamar Blue microassay (FMABA). METHODS: The in vitro antimycobacterial activity of whole oil and its fractions and pure active compounds were determined by FMABA. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the traditional preparation of laurel oil from Madeira Islands was performed, yielding pure compounds chemically identified by standard procedures. Synergism of pure compounds was established by X/Y quotient analysis adapted to FMABA. RESULTS: Sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone, were the compounds responsible for the antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MICs of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/L, respectively. Antimycobacterial activity against drug-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates was better for the mixture than for pure compounds. CONCLUSIONS: Both lactones presented synergistic activity, i.e. analysis of relative fluorescence units presented an X/Y value <0.5 at a concentration of 1/8 MIC of each compound in the combination. Establishment of synergism by FMABA represents another application of the microplate Alamar Blue assay.
Assuntos
Lactonas/farmacologia , Laurus/química , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Fluorometria , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allamanda cathartica. L. is a perennial shrub used in traditional medicine for treating malaria and jaundice. Laurus nobilis. L. is a tree and has been used for its astringent, healing and diuretic properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the aqueous extracts of Allamanda and Laurus nobilis to evaluate their wound healing activity in rats.METHODS: Excision and incision wound models were used to evaluate the wound healing activity of both the extracts on Sprague Dawley rats. In each model, animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals each. In both the model, group 1 served as control and group 2 as reference standard. In an excision wound model, group 3 animals were treated with Allamanda (150 mg kg-1 day-1) and group 4 animals were treated with Laurus nobilis (200mg kg-1 b.w day-1) for 14 days respectively. In the case of incision wound model, group 3 and 4 animals were treated with the extracts of Allamanda and Laurus respectively for 10 days. The effects of vehicles on the rate of wound healing were assessed by the rate of wound closure, period of epithelialisation, tensile strength, weights of the granulation tissue, hydroxyproline content and histopathology of the granulation tissue.RESULTS: The aqueous extract of Allamanda promoted wound healing activity significantly in both the wound models studied. High rate of wound contraction (P < .001), decrease in the period of epithelialisation (10.2 ñ0.13), high skin breaking strength (440.0 ñ 4.53), significant increase in the weight of the granulation tissue (P <.001) and hydroxyproline (P < .001) content were observed in animals treated with the aqueous extract of Allamanda. Histological studies of the granulation tissue from the Allamanda treated group showed the presenceof a lesser number of inflammatory cells, and increased collagen formation than the control.
In Laurus nobilis treated animals, the rate of wound contraction, weight of the granulation tissue and hydroxyproline content were moderately high (P < .05). The histological study of the granulation tissue of the Laurus nobilis treated animals showed larger number of inflammatory cells, and lesser collagen when compared with the Allamanda treated group of animals. However, it was better than the control group of animals.CONCLUSION: The data of this study indicated that the leaf extract of Allamanda possesses better wound healing activity than the Laurus nobilis and it can be used to treat different types of wounds in human beings too.