RESUMO
Constipation is a frequent problem in children. We evaluated the effect of a mixture (polydextrose [PDX] and fructooligosaccharide [FOS]) in children with constipation. We performed a prospective interventional study with a mixture (PDX 4.17 g and FOS 0.45 g) in a daily dose of food supplement. The intervention lasted 45 days, with visits at 15, 30, and 45 days after administration. The sample comprised 105 patients, of whom 77 completed the intervention. A statistically significant reduction in the frequency of symptoms was observed at the end of the study. The frequency of children with fewer than three bowel movements per week dropped from 59.7% to 11.7%, and there was a decrease in the frequency of Bristol type 1 and 2 dry stools (68.8% to 7.8%), pain on defecation (79.2% to 10.4%), and fear of defecation (68.8% to 3.9%). The proportion of children with abdominal pain symptoms decreased from 84.2% to 2.6% at the end of the study. A relevant limitation of the present study was the lack of a control group treated with placebo. The administration of the PDX/FOS mixture was accompanied by a significant reduction in the frequency of constipation symptoms of the children evaluated. The tolerability was very good, and the rate of adverse effects was low.
Assuntos
Constipação Intestinal/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glucanos/uso terapêutico , Oligossacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Fibras na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
AIMS: Cancer is a multifactorial disease characterized by an uncontrolled growth of cells that can lead to cachexia-anorexia syndrome. Botryosphaeran, a fungal (1 â 3)(1 â 6)-ß-D-glucan produced by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, has presented antimutagenic, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects. This study evaluated the effects of botryosphaeran (30 mg/kg b.w./day) on tumor development and cachexia syndrome in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats, and also the metabolic and hematological profiles of these animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (C), control tumor (CT) and control tumor botryosphaeran (CTB). On the first day, 1 × 107 Walker-256 tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank of the CT and CTB rats, and concomitantly treatment with botryosphaeran (30 mg/kg b.w./day) started. After the 15th day of treatment, biological parameters, tumor development, cachexia, glucose and lipid profiles, hemogram and protein expression were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: Botryosphaeran significantly reduced tumor development (p = 0.0024) and cancer cachexia, modulated the levels of glucose, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol, and corrected macrocytic anemia. Botryosphaeran also increased significantly the bax expression in the tumor tissue (p = 0.038) demonstrating that this (1 â 3)(1 â 6)-ß-D-glucan is increasing the apoptosis of tumor cells. p53, p27, bcl-2, caspase-3 and Forkhead transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a) protein expression were similar among the groups. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that botryosphaeran was effective in decreasing tumor development and cachexia by direct and indirect mechanisms increasing apoptosis and improving the metabolic and hematological profiles.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caquexia/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamento farmacológico , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Caquexia/etiologia , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Glucanos/farmacologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de las diferentes concentraciones de polidextrosa en la prevención de la obesidad y sus comorbilidades, en ratas alimentados con dieta hipercalórica. Se utilizaron ratas machos Wistar, repartidos en 4 grupos: Grupo control (HC) y 3 grupos que recibieron dieta hipercalórica con suplementación del 2%, 4% y 6% de polidextrosa (HC2%P, HC4%P y HC6%P respectivamente). La dieta hipercalórica utilizada fue la del tipo de cafetería para inducir la obesidad. Se midió peso corporal e ingesta de la dieta, se realizaron pruebas de tolerancia a la glucosa y a la insulina. Los animales fueron sometidos a eutanasia para toma de muestra de sangre medidas antropométricas y pesaje de órganos y tejidos. La polidextrosa disminuyó significantemente el peso, la grasa corporal, la glicemia, los triglicéridos, la intolerancia a la glucosa y la resistencia a la insulina, y aumentó los niveles del colesterol HDL. Se concluye que el consumo de poli- dextrosa redujo las complicaciones derivadas de la obesidad en ratas alimentados con dieta hipercalórica, siendo éste un potencial tratamiento para el control de la obesidad, la diabetes tipo II y las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different polydextrose concentrations for the prevention of obesity and its comorbidities in rats fed a high calorie diet. Thirty male Wistar rats were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control group (HC) and 3 groups which received a hypercaloric diet with 2%, 4% and 6% polydextrose supplementation (HC2%P, HC4%P and HC6%P, respectively). The hypercaloric diet used was of the cafeteria type to induce obesity. Body weight and feed intake were verified weekly. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed five days before finalizing the experiment. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized for blood collection, anthropometric measurements and tissue weighing. Polydextrose significantly decreased weight, body fat, blood glucose, triglycerides, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and increased HDL cholesterol levels. The use of polydextrose reduced the complications of obesity in mice fed a hypercaloric diet. In conclusion, polydextrose may be a promising treatment for controlling obesity, diabetes type II and cardiovascular diseases.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Peso Corporal , Ingestão de Energia , Colesterol/análise , Ratos Wistar , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Aditivos Alimentares , Teste de Tolerância a GlucoseRESUMO
Polydextrose (PDX) ingestion may increase the intestinal absorption of iron. This study evaluated the effects of 7.5% polydextrose supplementation on markers of iron uptake, transport and storage in partially gastrectomized rats. Half of a batch of 40 male Wistar rats (250 g) underwent Billroth II partial gastrectomy with anterior truncal vagotomy (GXT), while the other half underwent sham gastrectomy (SHAM). At 7 postoperative days, the animals were subdivided into four groups (n = 10): Sham Control and GXT Control (no polydextrose); Sham PDX and GXT PDX (with 7.5% PDX). The animals were euthanized after 60 day of PDX treatment. Organ weight, cecal pH, the characterization and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), hematological parameters, hepatic iron content and the expression of ferroportin (FPT) in the jejunum, cecum, colon and liver were evaluated. PDX caused changes in the cecum of the supplemented animals, where there was a decrease in pH, increase in cecal wall and marked production of SCFA, especially acetic and propionic acids (p < 0.05). Hepatic iron levels were lower in GXT animals. PDX increased hemoglobin (HGB) values by 29.2% and hematocrit (HCT) by 55.8% in the GXT PDX group compared to the GXT Control group. The GXT PDX group had lower hepatic FPT expression (p < 0.05). PDX led to increased SCFA concentration in the supplemented animals. Considering that SCFAs play a central role in the increasing nutrients uptake, this mechanism may be involved in altering the hematology profile observed in these animals but not enough to reverse iron deficiency anemia in post-gastrectomy rats.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Gastrectomia , Glucanos/farmacologia , Ferro/metabolismo , Anemia Ferropriva , Animais , Fibras na Dieta , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Hematócrito , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The effects of 15 d polydextrose (16.7 g) consumption on energy intake (EI) and appetite feelings were investigated. Overweight adults consumed a polydextrose-bar or a control-bar matched in energy content as a midmorning snack for 15 consecutive days in a single-blind, randomised, crossover design. The two 15-d intervention periods were separated by a 15-d washout period. On the day 1 and the day 15 of each intervention period, energy intake (primary outcome) and appetite feelings (secondary outcome) were assessed. There were not significant main effects of the day, type of bar, or their interaction for EI (at lunchtime test meal, at rest of the day, or at total daily) or subjective feelings (hunger, desire to eat, fullness, and prospective food consumption) during the satiation and satiety periods. The results showed the consumption of polydextrose-bar during 15 d did not significantly affect energy intake and subjective feelings of appetite in overweight adults.
Assuntos
Apetite , Grão Comestível , Ingestão de Energia , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Sobrepeso , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Aditivos Alimentares , Humanos , Fome , Masculino , Saciação , Método Simples-Cego , LanchesRESUMO
Tioconazole-loaded nanocapsule suspensions and its coating with a cationic polymer were developed for nail drug delivery. The colloidal systems presented a nanometric size around 155nm for uncoated nanoparticles and 162nm for those with the cationic coating, with negative and positive zeta potential values, respectively. Both nanosuspensions showed drug content close to theoretical values (1mgmL-1), association efficiency close to 100% (HPLC) and were able to control tioconazol release. The developed formulations showed in vitro antifungal activity (agar diffusion method) against C. albicans. The cationic nanocapsules were considered bioadhesive, showed higher viscosity and were chosen to be incorporated into an ungueal formulation. Pullulan nanobased nail formulation showed adequate viscosity for nail application and drug content close to the theoretical values. It was equivalent to the commercial formulation Trosid® in preventing nail infection by T. rubrum in an in vitro onychomycosis model. The nanocapsule suspensions and Pullulan nanobased nail formulation showed lower irritant potential than the commercial formulation and than free drug in an in vitro evaluation. Pullulan nanobased nail formulation is promising for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Irritantes/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Adesividade , Animais , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/toxicidade , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Membrana Corioalantoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Feminino , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/uso terapêutico , Glucanos/toxicidade , Humanos , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Irritantes/química , Irritantes/uso terapêutico , Irritantes/toxicidade , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Onicomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different bulking agents for treating urinary incontinence in women, a systematic review including only randomized controlled trials was performed. The subjects were women with urinary incontinence. The primary outcomes were clinical and urodynamic parameters. The results were presented as a weighted mean difference for non-continuous variables and as relative risk for continuous variables, both with 95% confidence intervals. Initially, 942 studies were identified. However, only fourteen eligible trials fulfilled the prerequisites. Altogether, the review included 1814 patients in trials of eight different types of bulking agents, and all studies were described and analyzed. The measured outcomes were evaluated using a large variety of instruments. The most common complications of the bulking agents were urinary retention and urinary tract infection. Additionally, there were certain major complications, such as one case of death after use of autologous fat. However, the lack of adequate studies, the heterogeneous populations studied, the wide variety of materials used and the lack of long-term follow-up limit guidance of practice. To determine which substance is the most suitable, there is a need for more randomized clinical trials that compare existing bulking agents based on standardized clinical outcomes.
Assuntos
Colágeno/administração & dosagem , Silicones/administração & dosagem , Uretra , Incontinência Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Resinas Acrílicas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hidrogéis/administração & dosagem , Injeções/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , Zircônio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different bulking agents for treating urinary incontinence in women, a systematic review including only randomized controlled trials was performed. The subjects were women with urinary incontinence. The primary outcomes were clinical and urodynamic parameters. The results were presented as a weighted mean difference for non-continuous variables and as relative risk for continuous variables, both with 95% confidence intervals. Initially, 942 studies were identified. However, only fourteen eligible trials fulfilled the prerequisites. Altogether, the review included 1814 patients in trials of eight different types of bulking agents, and all studies were described and analyzed. The measured outcomes were evaluated using a large variety of instruments. The most common complications of the bulking agents were urinary retention and urinary tract infection. Additionally, there were certain major complications, such as one case of death after use of autologous fat. However, the lack of adequate studies, the heterogeneous populations studied, the wide variety of materials used and the lack of long-term follow-up limit guidance of practice. To determine which substance is the most suitable, there is a need for more randomized clinical trials that compare existing bulking agents based on standardized clinical outcomes.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Colágeno/administração & dosagem , Silicones/administração & dosagem , Uretra , Incontinência Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Resinas Acrílicas/administração & dosagem , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/administração & dosagem , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Hidrogéis/administração & dosagem , Injeções/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , Zircônio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Constipation is a frequent complaint and the combination of a prebiotic and probiotics could have a potentially synergic effect on the intestinal transit. The present study therefore aims to investigate the combination of polydextrose (Litesse), L. acidophilus NCFM® and B. lactis HN019 in a yogurt on intestinal transit in subjects who suffer from constipation. METHODS: Patients with constipation were randomly divided into two groups, Control Group (CG) and Treatment Group (TG), and had to eat 180 ml of unflavored yogurt every morning for 14 days. Those in the CG received only yogurt, while the TG received yogurt containing polydextrose, L. acidophilus NCFM (ATCC 700396) and B. lactis HN019 (AGAL NM97/09513). RESULTS: Favourable clinical response was assessed since Agachan score had a significant reduction at the end of the study in both groups and tended to be better in the TG. The subjects in the treatment group also had a shorter transit time at the end of the intervention compared to the control group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The product containing yogurt with polydextrose, B. lactis HN019 and L. acidophilus NCFM® significantly shortened colonic transit time after two weeks in the TG compared to CG and may be an option for treatment of constipation.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium , Constipação Intestinal/terapia , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Iogurte/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doença Crônica , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Glucanos/análise , Humanos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/análise , Adulto JovemRESUMO
It is widely known that ß-glucans and probiotic bacteria are good immunostimulants for fish. In the present work we have evaluated the dietary effect of ß-1,3/1,6-glucan (isolated from Laminarina digitata) and Pdp 11 (Shewanella putrefaciens, probiotic isolated from gilthead seabream skin), single or combined, on growth, humoural (seric level of total IgM antibodies and peroxidase and antiprotease activities) and cellular innate immune response (peroxidase and phagocytic activities of head-kidney leucocytes), as well as the expression of immune-related genes in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Four treatment groups were established: control (non-supplemented diet), Pdp 11 (10(9) cfu g(-1)), ß-1,3/1,6-glucan (0.1%) and ß-1,3/1,6-glucan + Pdp 11 (0.1% and 10(9) cfu g(-1), respectively). Fish were sampled after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of feeding. Interestingly, all supplemented diets produced increments in the seabream growth rates, mainly the Pdp 11-suplemented diet. Overall, Pdp 11 dietary administration resulted in decreased serum IgM levels and peroxidase activity. However, the seric antiprotease activity was increased in fish fed with both supplements together. Furthermore, ß-1,3/1,6-glucan and combined diet increased phagocytic activity after 2 or 4 weeks. At gene level, IL-1ß and INFγ transcripts were always up-regulated in HK but only the interleukin reached significance after 4 weeks in the group fed with ß-glucan. On the contrary, IgM gene expression tended to be down-regulated being significant after 1 week in seabream specimens fed with ß-glucan or ß-glucan plus Pdp 11. These results suggest that ß-1,3/1,6-glucan and Pdp 11 modulate the immune response and stimulates growth of the gilthead seabream, one of the species with the highest rate of production in Mediterranean aquaculture.
Assuntos
Dieta/veterinária , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucanos/farmacologia , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Dourada/fisiologia , Shewanella putrefaciens/química , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Dourada/genética , Dourada/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dourada/imunologiaRESUMO
In this study, we evaluated the effect of different doses of polysaccharides extracted from Caripia montagnei mushroom at different intervals of treatment on colonic injury in the model of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The FT-IR analysis and NMR showed that the polysaccharides from this species of mushroom are composed of α- and ß-glucans. The colonic damage was evaluated by macroscopic, histological, biochemical and immunologic analyses. The results showed the reduction of colonic lesions in all groups treated with the glucans. Such glucans significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 (50 and 75 mg/kg, p < 0.05), a major inflammatory cytokine. Biochemical analyses showed that the glucans from C. montagnei acted on reducing levels of alkaline phosphatase (75 mg/kg, p < 0.01) and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.001), a result confirmed by the reduction of cellular infiltration observed microscopically. The increase of catalase activity possibly indicates a protective effect of these glucans on colonic tissue, confirming their anti-inflammatory potential.
Assuntos
Agaricales/química , Colite/patologia , Glucanos/farmacologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/metabolismo , Citocinas/biossíntese , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ativação Enzimática , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Glucanos/química , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of early prebiotic and probiotic intervention on preterm infants' well-being, crying, growth, and microbiological programming. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-four preterm infants (gestational age 32-36 weeks and birth weight >1500 g) randomized to receive prebiotics (mixture of galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose 1:1), probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), or placebo during the first 2 months of life were followed up for 1 year. Infants were categorized based on the extent of crying and irritability during the first 2 months of life, and their gut microbiota was investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (n = 66) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 63). RESULTS: A total of 27 of 94 infants (29%) infants were classified as excessive criers, significantly less frequently in the prebiotic and the probiotic groups than in the placebo group (19% vs 19% vs 47%, respectively; P = .02). The placebo group had a higher percentage of Clostridium histolyticum group bacteria in their stools than did the probiotic group (13.9% vs 8.9%, respectively; P = .05). There were no adverse events related to either supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation may alleviate symptoms associated with crying and fussing in preterm infants. This original finding may offer new therapeutic and preventive measures for this common disturbance in early life.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Intestinos/microbiologia , Prebióticos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Bifidobacterium/genética , Choro , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Galactose/química , Idade Gestacional , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolismo , Masculino , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Efficient, cost-effective and safe Th1-immunity-inducing vaccine formulations are paramount for achieving protection against Neospora caninum. In this study, a new adjuvant (Providean-AVEC) was used in the development of a N. caninum vaccine and evaluated in a mouse model. Soluble N. caninum tachyzoite native protein extract (sNcAg) was selected as vaccine antigen based on its capacity to activate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines on dendritic cells. Vaccines containing 4 and 0.4 µg of sNcAg, and Providean-AVEC, ISCOM-Matrix or aluminum hydroxide (Alum) were tested in BALB/c mice. While mice vaccinated with 4µg of sNcAg + Providean-AVEC developed specific antibodies shortly after the first dose, the rest of the high antigen payload formulations only induced seroconversion after the booster. Mice immunized with the high payload ISCOM vaccine (4 µg sNcAg) or with either low or high payload Providean-AVEC formulations (0.4 µg and 4 µg sNcAg, respectively) elicited higher IgG2a than IgG1 serum levels, and IFN-γ anamnestic responses with a Th1-cytokine biased profile. These animals had no histological signs of cerebral lesions and parasite burden assessed by quantitative real-time PCR was not detected. Vaccine preparations including Providean-AVEC as adjuvant limited N. canimum multiplication even with only a tenth of antigen payload compared to vaccines containing other adjuvants. Using adjuvants to specifically activate dendritic cells, combined with a careful antigen selection can enhance cellular responses to inert N. caninum vaccines.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Glycine max/química , Lecitinas/administração & dosagem , Neospora/imunologia , Vacinas Protozoárias/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Antígenos de Protozoários/isolamento & purificação , Coccidiose/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glucanos/isolamento & purificação , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Lecitinas/isolamento & purificação , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Vacinas Protozoárias/administração & dosagem , Vacinação/métodosRESUMO
Healthy 9- to 48-month-old children (nâ=â133) were randomized to receive a cow's-milk-based follow-on formula (control) or the same formula with polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (PDX/GOS) for 108 days. Pediatricians assessed diarrheal disease, stool pattern, acute respiratory infection, systemic antibiotic use, and growth. The 2 groups had similar weight-for-length/height z score and similar odds of having diarrheal disease, acute respiratory infection, and systemic antibiotic use; however, PDX/GOS had greater odds of increased defecation than control (Pâ≤â0.01). Addition of PDX and GOS to a follow-on formula was well tolerated and induced a pattern of more frequent and softer stools in toddlers.
Assuntos
Defecação/efeitos dos fármacos , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Glucanos/farmacologia , Fórmulas Infantis/farmacologia , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Prebióticos , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Doença Aguda , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Constipação Intestinal/prevenção & controle , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis/química , Masculino , Leite , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
The antischistosomal activity of the sulfated polysaccharide α-D-glucan (Glu.SO4) extracted from Ramalina celastri was evaluated after encapsulation into liposomes (Glu.SO4-LIPO) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. The effect of treatment with Glu.SO4 and Glu.SO4-LIPO (10 mg/kg) on egg elimination, worm burden and hepatic granuloma formation was assessed using female albino Swiss mice, 35-40 days of age, weighing 25 ± 2 g, infected with 150 cercariae/animal (Biomphalaria glabrata, BH strain). Four groups (N = 10) were studied, two controls (empty liposomes and NaCl) and two treated groups (Glu.SO4-LIPO and Glu.SO4) using a single dose. Parasitological analysis revealed that Glu.SO4-LIPO was as efficient as Glu.SO4 in reducing egg elimination and worm burden. Treatment with free Glu.SO4 and Glu.SO4-LIPO induced a statistically significant reduction in the number of granulomas (62 and 63 percent, respectively). Lectin histochemistry showed that wheat germ agglutinin intensely stained the egg-granuloma system in all treated groups. On the other hand, peanut agglutinin stained cells in the control groups, but not in the treated groups. The present results suggest a correlation between the decreasing number of hepatic egg-granulomas and the glycosylation profile of the egg-granuloma system in animals treated with free Glu.SO4 or Glu.SO4-LIPO.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Glucanos/farmacologia , Líquens/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquistossomose mansoni/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Fezes/parasitologia , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Glucanos/isolamento & purificação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Intestinos/parasitologia , Intestinos/patologia , Lipossomos , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The antischistosomal activity of the sulfated polysaccharide α-D-glucan (Glu.SO(4)) extracted from Ramalina celastri was evaluated after encapsulation into liposomes (Glu.SO(4)-LIPO) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. The effect of treatment with Glu.SO(4) and Glu.SO(4)-LIPO (10 mg/kg) on egg elimination, worm burden and hepatic granuloma formation was assessed using female albino Swiss mice, 35-40 days of age, weighing 25 ± 2 g, infected with 150 cercariae/animal (Biomphalaria glabrata, BH strain). Four groups (N = 10) were studied, two controls (empty liposomes and NaCl) and two treated groups (Glu.SO(4)-LIPO and Glu.SO(4)) using a single dose. Parasitological analysis revealed that Glu.SO(4)-LIPO was as efficient as Glu.SO(4) in reducing egg elimination and worm burden. Treatment with free Glu.SO(4) and Glu.SO(4)-LIPO induced a statistically significant reduction in the number of granulomas (62 and 63%, respectively). Lectin histochemistry showed that wheat germ agglutinin intensely stained the egg-granuloma system in all treated groups. On the other hand, peanut agglutinin stained cells in the control groups, but not in the treated groups. The present results suggest a correlation between the decreasing number of hepatic egg-granulomas and the glycosylation profile of the egg-granuloma system in animals treated with free Glu.SO(4) or Glu.SO(4)-LIPO.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Glucanos/farmacologia , Líquens/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquistossomose mansoni/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Glucanos/isolamento & purificação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Intestinos/parasitologia , Intestinos/patologia , Lipossomos , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate whether polydextrose stimulates iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy and sham operated. METHODS: The rats were submitted to partial gastrectomy (Billroth II) or laparotomy (sham-operated control), in groups of 20 and 20 each respectively. The animals were fed with a control diet (AIN-93M) without polydextrose or a diet containing polydextrose (50g/Kg of diet) for eight weeks. They were divided into four subgroups: sham-operated and Billroth II gastrectomy and with or without polydextrose. Two animals died during the experiment. All rats submitted to gastrectomy received B-12 vitamin (intramuscular) each two weeks. The hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured at the start and on day 30 and 56 after the beginning of the experimental period. At the end of the study, the blood was collected for determination of serum iron concentration. RESULTS: The diet with polydextrose reduced the excretion of iron. Apparent iron absorption was higher in the polydextrose fed groups than in the control group. The haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were lower after Billroth II gastrectomy rats fed the control diet as compared to the polydextrose diet groups. CONCLUSION: Polydextrose increase iron absorption and prevents postgastrectomy anemia.
Assuntos
Dieta , Fezes/química , Gastrectomia/métodos , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferro/sangue , Análise de Variância , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Prebióticos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate whether polydextrose stimulates iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy and sham operated. METHODS: The rats were submitted to partial gastrectomy (Billroth II) or laparotomy (sham-operated control), in groups of 20 and 20 each respectively. The animals were fed with a control diet (AIN-93M) without polydextrose or a diet containing polydextrose (50g/Kg of diet) for eight weeks. They were divided into four subgroups: sham-operated and Billroth II gastrectomy and with or without polydextrose. Two animals died during the experiment. All rats submitted to gastrectomy received B-12 vitamin (intramuscular) each two weeks. The hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured at the start and on day 30 and 56 after the beginning of the experimental period. At the end of the study, the blood was collected for determination of serum iron concentration. RESULTS: The diet with polydextrose reduced the excretion of iron. Apparent iron absorption was higher in the polydextrose fed groups than in the control group. The haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were lower after Billroth II gastrectomy rats fed the control diet as compared to the polydextrose diet groups. CONCLUSION: Polydextrose increase iron absorption and prevents postgastrectomy anemia.
OBJETIVO: Investigar se a polidextrose estimula a absorção de ferro em ratos submetidos à gastrectomia parcial e sham operados. MÉTODOS: Os ratos foram submetidos à gastrectomia parcial (Billroth II) e à laparotomia (controle sham-operados) em grupos de 20 e 20 cada, respectivamente. Os animais foram alimentados com uma dieta controle (AIN-93M), sem polidextrose ou uma dieta contendo polidextrose (50g/kg de dieta) durante oito semanas. Foram divididos em quatro grupos: sham-operados e com gastrectomia BII e com ou sem polidextrose. Dois animais morreram durante o experimento. Todos os ratos com gastrectomia receberam vitamina B-12 (intramuscular) a cada duas semanas. O hematócrito e a hemoglobina foram dosados no início e nos dias 30 e 56 após o início do período experimental. No final do estudo, o sangue foi coletado para determinação da concentração de ferro sérico. RESULTADOS: A dieta com polidextrose reduziu a excreção de ferro e a absorção de ferro aparente foi maior nos grupos alimentados com polidextrose do que no grupo controle. As dosagens de hematócrito e hemoglobina foram menores em ratos com gastrectomia alimentados com a dieta controle em relação aos grupos de dieta com polidextrose. CONCLUSÃO: A polidextrose aumenta a absorção do ferro e previne a anemia pós-gastrectomia.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Dieta , Fezes/química , Gastrectomia/métodos , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferro/sangue , Análise de Variância , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Prebióticos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Caripia montagnei is a basidiomycete species which contains polysaccharides with immunomodulatory properties. An extract of this mushroom underwent removal of the fat content by organic solvent and subsequently proteolysis. The aqueous phase obtained after proteolysis was precipitated with methanol yielding a fraction containing carbohydrates (98.7+/-3.3%) and protein (1.3+/-0.25%). Chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed that the carbohydrate fraction contained (63.3+/-4.1) of beta-glucans and proteins (2.2+/-0.3%). These glucans (50mg/kg of body weight) significantly reduced the inflammatory infiltrate produced by thioglycolate-induced peritonitis by 75.5+/-5.2%, when compared to Wy-14643 (60.3+/-6.1%), PFOA (37.8+/-2.8%) and clofibrate (52.2+/-3.2%), p<0.001, which are of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-alpha). L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, reduced the plantar edema in Wistar rats by 91.4+/-1.3% (p<0.001). A significant reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels was observed in the exudates when the glucans was used in comparison to carrageenan. The C. montagnei glucans did not present signs of inducing cytotoxicity. A decrease in IL-1ra, IL-10 and IFN-gamma in the peritonitis model was observed. Thus, the results suggest that glucans from the C. montagnei mushroom is an effective immunomodulator and may have potential for anti-inflammatory properties.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Basidiomycota/imunologia , Misturas Complexas/administração & dosagem , Edema/imunologia , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Peritonite/imunologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Líquido Ascítico/química , Líquido Ascítico/imunologia , Líquido Ascítico/patologia , Caprilatos/administração & dosagem , Caprilatos/farmacologia , Carragenina/metabolismo , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Clofibrato/administração & dosagem , Clofibrato/farmacologia , Misturas Complexas/efeitos adversos , Misturas Complexas/química , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/genética , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Fluorocarbonos/administração & dosagem , Fluorocarbonos/farmacologia , Glucanos/efeitos adversos , Glucanos/química , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/imunologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Leucócitos/patologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Peritonite/induzido quimicamente , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tioglicolatos/metabolismoRESUMO
Nenhum tecido ou substância ideal foi encontrado para a injeção em pregas vocais. O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi avaliar o uso do Durasphere como substância de injeção na prega vocal canina. Materiais e métodos: Em seis cães adultos foram injetados 0,3mL de Durasphere no terço médio da prega vocal direita no músculo tireoaritenoideo e 0,3mL de soro fisiológico na prega contralateral. Os animais foram sacrificados após 7 dias (três cães) e 90 dias (três cães). Analisamos os processos inflamatórios no músculo vocal e na lâmina própria das pregas vocais. Resultados: No músculo vocal com Durasphere havia uma inflamação significativamente maior que no músculo controle, formouse um infiltrado linfomononuclear moderado após 7 dias e leve após 90 dias. Não observamos formação de corpos estranhos ou granulomas. Já na lâmina própria houve um processo inflamatório leve nos dois grupos, sem diferença entre eles. Conclusão: Trata-se de uma substância com biocompatibilidade comprovada em humanos, com resultados preliminares e inéditos de sua injeção em pregas vocais caninas que causou um processo inflamatório moderado no músculo vocal após 7 dias e leve após 90 dias, sem formação de corpos estranhos ou granulomas.
There is no ideal tissue or substance to be injected in the vocal folds. The objective of the present study was to assess the use of Durasphere in canine vocal fold injection. Materials and methods: in six adult dogs we injected 0.3 mL of Durasphere in the middle third of the thyroarytenoid muscle and 0.3 mL of saline solution in the contralateral vocal fold. The animals were slaughtered after seven days (three dogs) and after 90 days (three dogs). We analyzed the inflammatory process in the vocal fold and in the lamina propria of the vocal folds. Results: in the vocal muscle which received Durasphere there was a significantly more intense inflammation when compared to the control muscle - there was a moderate lymphomodular infiltrate after seven days and mild after 90 days. We did not observe foreign bodies nor granulomas. On the lamina propria there was a mild inflammatory process in the two groups, without difference between them. Conclusion: this is a substance of proven biocompatibility in humans, with preliminary and unprecedented results and its injection in canine vocal folds caused a moderate inflammatory process after seven days and mild after 90 days, without foreign bodies or granuloma formation.