RESUMO
Galactomannans are neutral polysaccharides isolated from the endosperm of some Leguminosae seeds. They consist of a (1â¯ââ¯4) linked ß-mannopyranosyl backbone partially substituted at O-6 with α-d-galactopyranosyl side groups. C. pulcherrima have anti-inflammatory and muco-adhesive proprieties. Acute gastritis is an inflammatory disease triggered by use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We investigated the gastroprotective effect of galactomannan obtained from the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. (GM-CP) in acute gastritis model induced by indomethacin. Gastritis was induced with indomethacin (30â¯mg/kg, P.·O.) in female Swiss mice. Animal groups (nâ¯=â¯7) were pretreated with saline-dissolved GM-CP (3â¯mg/kg, 10â¯mg/kg, 30â¯mg/kg, P.O.) or vehicle 1â¯h before gastritis induction. Mice were euthanized seven hours after the induction. The stomach and blood samples were collected for analysis. At 10â¯mg/kg, GP-CP reduced the extension of macroscopic lesion and the loss of superficial cells by alleviating inflammatory symptoms (neutrophil infiltration, migration and adhesion of mesenteric leukocytes, production of TNF-α and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and helping to maintain mucin labeling of the tissue. Thus, the findings of the study suggest that GM-CP exhibits gastroprotective effects.
Assuntos
Caesalpinia/química , Gastrite , Indometacina/efeitos adversos , Mananas/farmacologia , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Sementes/química , Doença Aguda , Animais , Feminino , Galactose/análogos & derivados , Gastrite/induzido quimicamente , Gastrite/metabolismo , Gastrite/patologia , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Indometacina/farmacologia , Mananas/química , Camundongos , Neutrófilos/patologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM) on ethanol-induced gastric injury, and if its possible mechanism of action is related to inhibiting the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). We evaluated the effect of supplementing 108 CFUâ¢g body wt-1â¢day-1 of DSM on ethanol-induced gastric injury. DSM significantly reduced the ulcer area (1.940 ± 1.121 mm²) with 3 days of pretreatment. The effects of DSM supplementation were reversed by Resiniferatoxin (RTX), TRPV1 agonist (3 nmol/kg p.o.). Substance P (SP) (1 µmol/L per 20 g) plus 50% ethanol resulted in hemorrhagic lesions, and DSM supplementation did not reverse the lesion area induced by administering SP. TRPV1 staining intensity was lower, SP, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels were reduced, and restored normal levels of antioxidant parameters (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) in the gastric mucosa in mice treated with DSM. In conclusion, DSM exhibited gastroprotective activity through decreased expression of TRPV1 receptor and decreasing SP levels, with a consequent reduction of oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Etanol/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Substância P/antagonistas & inibidores , Canais de Cátion TRPV/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Gastrite/induzido quimicamente , Gastrite/metabolismo , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Glutationa/metabolismo , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/classificação , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Camundongos , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Especificidade da Espécie , Estômago/microbiologia , Estômago/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPV/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of crocin on gastric mucosal lesions caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, I/R + crocin pretreatment and crocin alone groups. To induce I/R lesions, the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min, and the clamp was then removed to allow reperfusion for 3 h. Crocin-pretreated rats received crocin (15 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to the induction of I/R injury. Samples of gastric mucosa were collected to quantify the protein expression of caspase-3, an apoptotic factor, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a pro-inflammatory protein, by Western blot. Pretreatment with crocin decreased the total area of gastric lesions and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase-3 and iNOS induced by I/R injury. Our findings showed a protective effect of crocin in gastric mucosa against I/R injury. This effect of crocin was mainly mediated by reducing the protein expression of iNOS and caspase-3.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito protetor da crocina em lesões da mucosa gástrica causadas por isquemia-reperfusão (I/R) em ratos. Trinta e dois ratos machos aleatoriamente divididos em grupos de ratos normais, operados como controle, I/R. I/R + pré-tratamento com crocina e crocina sozinha. Para induzir lesões I/R, a artéria celíaca foi grampeada durante 30 minutos e, em seguida, o grampo foi removido para permitir a reperfusão por 3 h. Ratos com pré-tratamento com crocina receberam crocina (15 mg/kg, ip) 30 minutos antes da indução do dano I/R. Amostras de mucosa gástrica foram coletadas para qiuantificar a expressão da proteína da caspase-3, o fator apoptótico, e óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS), uma proteína anti-inflamatória, pela técnica de Western Blot. O pré-tratamento com crocina diminuiu a área total de lesões gástricas e a expressão de níveis de caspase-3 e iNOS induzidas pelo dano I/R. Nossos resultados mostraram o efeito protetor da crocina na mucosa gástrica contra o dano I/R. Este efeito foi mediado, principalmente, por diminuição da expressão das proteínas iNOS e caspase-3.
Assuntos
Ratos , Ratos/classificação , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Carotenoides/análise , Caspase 3/análise , Gastrite/prevenção & controleRESUMO
RESUMO As duas espécies de espinheira-santa Maytenus aquifolium Mart. e Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek pertencentes à família Celastraceae e têm sido intensamente exploradas nas populações nativas devido seu alto valor medicinal. O grande interesse pela espinheira-santa é para o tratamento de gastrites, úlceras gástricas e duodenais. O efeito antiulcerogênico está relacionado com a presença de polifenóis totais, mais especificamente com os taninos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar o teor de taninos entre essas duas espécies cultivadas no Horto Medicinal do Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista - RBBV da Itaipu Binacional no município de Foz do Iguaçu, PR - Brasil. Foram realizadas duas coletas com intervalo de um mês para cada espécie e para a quantificação foi realizada a análise por espectrofotometria segundo a Farmacopeia Brasileira V. Os resultados foram analisados através do teste de variância (ANOVA) e a diferença no teor de taninos foi evidenciada pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de nível de significância empregando-se o software SISVAR. Foram obtidos em média 0,61% para o lote 1 e 2 de Maytenus aquifolium e (3,90%) para Maytenus ilicifolia, resultando em uma média de 84,35% de taninos a mais para Maytenus ilicifolia em comparação com Maytenus aquifolium concluindo assim que as espécies não devem ser intercambiáveis.
ABSTRACT The two species of (espinheira-santa) Maytenus aquifolium and Maytenus ilicifolia, which belong to the Celastraceae family, have been intensively explored in native populations, due to its medicinal potential. The great interest in the espinheira-santa is due to its effectiveness on the treatment of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. The antiulcerogenic effect is related to the presence of phenolic compounds, more specifically the tannins. This study aimed to compare the tannin doses between these two species grown in the Medicinal Garden of Bela Vista Biological Refuge - RBBV of Itaipu in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, PR - Brazil. Two trials were conducted with one month interval, for the quantification of the tannins by a spectrophotometry, according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia V. The results were analyzed through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference in the tannins doses was demonstrated in a Tukey test at 5% level of significance employing the SISVAR software. It were found 0.61% of tannins for lot 1 and 2 of Maytenus aquifolium, and 3.90% for Maytenus ilicifolia, which represents 84.35% more tannin at Maytenus ilicifolia than at Maytenus aquifolium. Therefore, the species should not be interchanged.
Assuntos
Taninos/administração & dosagem , Maytenus/anatomia & histologia , Espectrofotometria/métodos , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Gastrite/prevenção & controleRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of acute administration of Sedum dendroideum on the gastric histopathology of rats after the administration of indomethacin. METHODS: Twenty four Wistar rats were randomized into three groups, submitted to feeding privation for 24 hours prior to the oral administration of 50 mg/Kg of indomethacin and during the experimental period of six hours. The control group (C) was giving distilled water, the extract group (E) was treated with the extract of Sedum dendroideum and the group Omeoprazole (O) received 20 mg/Kg of omeoprazole. All the treatments were carried out thirty minutes prior to the administration of indomethacin. After six hour, the stomach of the animals was extirpated for histopathological analysis, which took into account the presence of erosive gastritis, hyperemia and sub mucosa edema. RESULTS: In group C, eight out of eight animals presented that type of lesion, in group E, this number was the same and in group O, three out of the eight rats presented erosive gastritis. CONCLUSION: Sedum dendroideum extract did not produce reduction in the erosive gastritis process. As expected, the treatment with omeoprazole produced a major reduction, when compared with the control group.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Sedum , Doença Aguda , Animais , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/induzido quimicamente , Gastrite/patologia , Indometacina , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent decades several groups of researchers have been interested in describing and understanding vocal morbidity in teachers in order to explain the large number of teachers diagnosed with dysphonia and account for the absenteeism attributed to vocal disability. AIMS: To determine the proportion of teachers who reported a diagnosis of dysphonia and measure associations between individual and contextual factors and the event of interest. METHODS: Teachers were recruited from the city of Belo Horizonte and invited to complete a web-based institutional intranet questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 649 teachers responded; 32% (CI 28.5-35.5) reported that they had received a physician diagnosis of dysphonia. This prevalence was significantly higher among female teachers (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.33; CI 1.41-3.85), and groups who reported limited technical resources and equipment (PR 1.56; CI 1.14-2.15), a diagnosis of gastritis (PR 1.59; CI 1.28-1.98), not being summoned for an annual physician examination (PR 0.47; CI 0.32-0.68), or absenteeism (PR 1.39; CI 1.06-1.81). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of dysphonia in teachers was not associated with any individual variables, except for sex and comorbidity (diagnosis of gastritis). Limited technical resources and equipment were associated with dysphonia and suggests policy change is important in preventing dysphonia.
Assuntos
Disfonia/epidemiologia , Disfonia/etiologia , Docentes , Gastrite/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Absenteísmo , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Disfonia/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Gastrite/complicações , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Internet , Satisfação no Emprego , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The pathophysiology of gastritis involves an imbalance between gastric acid attack and mucosal defence. In addition, the gastric mucosal injury results in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Several studies have shown the association of mitochondrial disorders with gastrointestinal dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity in the stomach of rats with gastritis induced by indomethacin (IDM) and treated with omeprazole (OM), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist RC-3095. Adult male Wistar rats were pre-treated for 7 days with OM, NAC, RC-3095, combination of OM plus RC-3095, OM plus NAC and water (control). The animals were then submitted to fasting for 24 hr; IDM was administered. The rats were killed 6 hr later, and the stomachs were used for evaluation of macroscopic damage and respiratory chain activity. Our results showed that complex I and IV activities were not affected by administration of IDM. On the other hand, complex II and III activities were inhibited. In addition, OM plus RC-3095 and OM plus NAC did not reverse complex II activity inhibition. However, the complex III activity inhibition was reversed only with the combined use of OM plus RC-3095 and OM plus NAC. Our results are in agreement with previous studies indicating mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal tract disease and we suggest that GRPR antagonism might be a novel therapeutic strategy in gastritis.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Bombesina/análogos & derivados , Complexo II de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Gastrite/metabolismo , Omeprazol/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Receptores da Bombesina/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/toxicidade , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Bombesina/farmacologia , Bombesina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Transporte de Elétrons/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo II de Transporte de Elétrons/antagonistas & inibidores , Complexo III da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/antagonistas & inibidores , Complexo III da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Gastrite/patologia , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Indometacina/toxicidade , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/enzimologia , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/farmacologia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estômago/efeitos dos fármacos , Estômago/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate the quality of evidence supporting prophylactic use of treatments for stress ulcers and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Stress ulcers, erosions of the stomach and duodenum, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding are well-known complications of critical illness in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PUBMED; LILACS; Scirus. We also scanned bibliographies of relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION: This systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessed the effects of drugs for stress-related ulcers, gastritis, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently extracted the relevant data. Most randomized controlled trials were judged as having unclear risk of bias. When pooling two randomized controlled trials, treatment was significantly more effective in preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding (macroscopic or important bleeding) compared with no treatment (two studies = 300 participants; relative risk, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.91; I = 12%). Meta-analysis of two studies found no significant difference in death rates among groups (two randomized controlled trials = 132 participants; relative risk, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-2.79; I = 4%). The rate of pneumonia was not significantly different when comparing treatment and no treatment in one study. When comparing ranitidine with no treatment, significant differences were found in the proportion of mechanically ventilated children with normal gastric mucosal endoscopic findings by histologic specimens (one randomized controlled trial = 48 participants; relative risk, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-9.29). No significant differences were found when comparing different drugs (omeprazole, ranitidine, sucralfate, famotidine, amalgate), doses, or regimens for main outcomes (deaths, endoscopic findings of erosion or ulcers, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or pneumonia). CONCLUSIONS: Although pooled data of two studies suggested that critically ill pediatric patients may benefit from receiving prophylactic treatment to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding, we found that high-quality evidence to guide clinical practice is still limited.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/prevenção & controle , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
It has been proposed that reactive oxygen species play a causative role of gastric mucosal damage induced by increased gastric secretion. Gastrin-releasing peptide is a typical neuropeptide that stimulates acid secretion by release of gastrin. In the present work we have investigated the mechanism of indomethacin (IDM)-induced gastric ulcer caused by ROS and determined the effects of a selective gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist, RC-3095, alone and in association with omeprazole (OM) and compared it with an established antioxidant compound N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Adult male Wistar rats were pre-treated for 7 days with OM, RC-3095, NAC, both drugs and water (control). The animals were then submitted to fasting for 24h; IDM was administered. Rats were killed 6h after that and the stomachs were used for evaluation of macroscopic damage and oxidative stress parameters. Our results showed that IDM increased mitochondrial superoxide production; OM and RC-3095 alone did not prevent such effect, but the combination of these drugs was effective. TBARS assay revealed that IDM-induced lipid peroxidation in gastric tissue and that OM and RC-3095, alone or in combination, prevented this effect with superior action that NAC. Finally, we verified that IDM increased protein carbonyl content and that this effect was prevented RC-3095, alone or in combination with OM, being similar to standard antioxidant. The present results support the view that, besides the inhibition of acid secretion, the protective effects exerted by OM and RC-3095 against IDM-induced gastric damage can be ascribed to a reduction of gastric oxidative injury.
Assuntos
Bombesina/análogos & derivados , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Omeprazol/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/farmacologia , Receptores da Bombesina/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Bombesina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/induzido quimicamente , Gastrite/patologia , Indometacina/toxicidade , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Tiobarbitúricos/metabolismoRESUMO
Acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory/analgesic drug, which may cause gastritis or stomach ulcers if intensively employed. Exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria have been claimed to induce immunostimulatory/antiulcer effects in the host. This study investigated the potential preventive effect of fermented milks (FM) with EPS-producing Streptococcus thermophilus strains (CRL 1190 and CRL 804) on an in vivo model of chronic gastritis. Fermented milks (2 EPS(+) and 1 EPS(-), separately) were fed to BALB/c mice for 7 d before inducing gastritis with ASA (400 mg/kg of body weight per day for 10 d; gastritis group, n = 5). Appropriate control groups (ASA administered but not given FM, n = 5; and ASA not administered but given FM) were included in this study. Gastric inflammatory activity was evaluated through the stomach's histology and the number of IFNgamma(+) and IL-10(+) cytokine-producing cells in the gastric mucosa. Only mice preventively treated with the EPS-producing Strep. thermophilus CRL 1190 FM and later administered ASA did not develop gastritis, showing a conserved gastric mucosa structure similar to those of healthy mice. A marked decrease of IFNgamma(+)- and increase of IL-10(+)-producing cells compared with the gastritis group mice were observed. Purified EPS from Strep. thermophilus CRL 1190 resuspended in autoclaved milk was also effective for gastritis prevention. The EPS-protein interaction might be responsible for the observed gastroprotective effect; such interactions may be affected by industrial manufacturing conditions. The results indicate that the FM with Strep. thermophilus CRL 1190 or its EPS could be used in novel functional foods for preventing chronic gastritis.
Assuntos
Produtos Fermentados do Leite , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Streptococcus thermophilus/fisiologia , Animais , Aspirina/farmacologia , Peso Corporal , Doença Crônica , Produtos Fermentados do Leite/microbiologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Mucosa Gástrica/química , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/induzido quimicamente , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Regulatory T cells (Treg) deficiency leads to a severe, systemic, and lethal disease, as showed in immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome patients, and scurfy mouse. Postneonatal thymectomy autoimmune gastritis has also been attributed to the absence of Tregs. In this case however, disease is mild, organ-specific, and, more important, it is not an obligatory outcome. We addressed this paradox comparing T cell compartments in gastritis-susceptible and resistant animals. We found that neonatal thymectomy-induced gastritis is not caused by the absence of Tregs. Instead of this, it is the presence of gastritogenic T cell clones that determines susceptibility to disease. The expansion of such clones under lymphopenic conditions results in a reduced Treg:effector T cell ratio that is not enough to control gastritis development. Finally, the presence of gastritogenic clones is determined by the amount of gastric Ag expressed in the neonatal thymus, emphasizing the importance of effector repertoire variability, present even in genetically identical subjects, to organ-specific autoimmune disease susceptibility.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Gastrite/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Doenças Autoimunes/patologia , Doenças Autoimunes/prevenção & controle , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Gastrite/patologia , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Imunidade Inata/genética , Linfopenia/genética , Linfopenia/imunologia , Linfopenia/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos A , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos SCID , Linfócitos T Reguladores/citologiaRESUMO
La infección por helicobacter pylori está distribuida a nivel mundial, la prevalencia es del 50%. Esta infección está asociada a enfermedades como las gastritis, úlceras, cancer gástrico y linfoma de MALT. El objetivo es describir la relación existente entre enfermedad e infección por helicobacter pylori.
Assuntos
Humanos , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidadeRESUMO
This study investigated the gastroptrotective effect of 1,8-cineole (cineole) on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats and the possible mechanisms involved. 1,8-Cineole (50-200 mg/kg), given orally 1 hr before administration of 1 ml of absolute ethanol significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced gastric injury in a manner similar to nordihydroguairetic acid, a known lipoxygenase inhibitor. 1,8-Cineole showed a tendency to restore the ethanol-associated decreases in nonprotein sulfhydryls, suggesting a possible antioxidant effect. In gastric secretion studies, 1,8-cineole, similar to cimetidine, a known histamine-2 receptor antagonist, demonstrated significant inhibitions of both gastric juice volume as well as total acid output. The protection offered by 1,8-cineole was found to be unaltered by 8-phenyltheophylline or L-NAME, indicating that its effect is not mediated by endogenous adenosine or nitric oxide. These results, taken together with the earlier reports, suggest that the antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory actions of 1,8-cineole are of prime importance in affording gastroprotection against ethanol injury in the rat.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/etiologia , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Cicloexanóis , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Gastrite/etiologia , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Mentol/uso terapêutico , Monoterpenos , Terpenos , Administração Oral , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Eucaliptol , Aromatizantes , Suco Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Suco Gástrico/metabolismo , Gastrite/imunologia , Gastrite/patologia , Masculino , Mentol/farmacologia , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little is known about early stages of intestinal metaplastic in chronic gastritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of sulfated mucosubstances hence most probably intestinal metaplasia, in isolated cells of surface gastric pits, and glands in pediatric patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. METHODS: Participants were nine patients (nine different biopsies; mean age 11.5 years, range 3-16 years) with sulfomucin-containing cells evident in the gastric biopsy specimen. Eight of the patients were selected from a group of 15 patients with histologically documented H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis in whom the utility of the Sydney system was being tested. RESULTS: Symptoms and endoscopic findings of H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis were the same regardless of the presence or absence of sulfomucin-containing cells. On hematoxylin and eosin stained tissues, neither intestinal metaplasia nor atrophy was apparent. However, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-alcian blue (pH 1.0) stain revealed the presence of sulfated mucosubstances in isolated cells of gastric pits and glands in the nine patients. CONCLUSIONS: This finding may represent a "minimal" form of incomplete intestinal metaplasia (type III). Because the nine patients had been untreated, the change is probably reversible. Two follow-up biopsies in patients in whom H. pylori had been treated and eradicated showed absence of sulfated mucins. Although these findings cannot be regarded as fully developed type III intestinal metaplasia, it is possible that left untreated, the alteration may persist and evolve into some other complication. This conclusion justifies follow-up of these patients.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/química , Gastrite/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/fisiopatologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Intestinos/patologia , Mucinas/análise , Adolescente , Biópsia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , MetaplasiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To verify wether a cytoprotective or a antisecretant drug is effective on stress acute gastric. METHOD: Female Wistar rats (n=7), 200 g, 24 h fasted, water ad lib. were used. Experiment I. Stress (s) by immobilization and immersion in 181/3 C water, 6 h (control). 30 min pretreatment with 2 ml 800 mg/Kg in OG bolus Sucralfate. 800 mg/Kg OG Magaldrate. 800 mg/Kg OG AIMgOH. 800 mg/Kg OH Hydrotalcite. 100 aeg/Kg OG Misoprostol (antisecretant). 125 mg/Kg s.c. Somatostatine (Octeotride). 30 mg/Kg i.p. Ranitidine. 30 mg/Kg i.p. Omeprazole and 30 mg/Kg i.p. Lanzoprazole. The rats were sacrificed by ether overdose, and laparotomy was performed to remove stomach and to assess the percentage gastric lesional area by computerized planimetry and histological examination. Experiment II. With the same scheme above described and previous anesthesia, laparatomy and pylorus ligature, the acid gastric secretion was studied. Results Exp. I. Percentage of gastric lesional area: C: 80.5 +/- 5.1; Sucralfate: 25.6 +/- 4.1 (p < 0.05). Magaldrate: 51.6 +/- 7.1 (NS). AIMgOH 78.6 +/- 7.1. Hydrotalcite; 85.6 +/- 5.1. Misoprostol (cytoprotector) 59.5 +/- 6.1 (NS). Misoprostol (antisecretant) 1 +/- 0.1 (p < 0.001). Somatostatine: 20.3 +/- 5.1 (p < 0.01). Ranitidine: 46.5 +/- 7.8 (NS). Omeprazole: 1 +/- 0.1 and Lanzoprazole: 1 +/- 0.1 (p < 0.001). Histological examination demonstrated gastric cytoprotection in the groups pretreated with Omeprazole and Lanzoprazole. Exp. II. 6 h m/Mol HCl output: C: 0.22 +/- 0.09. Sucralfate: 0.2 +2- 0.07 (NS). Magaldrate: 0.19 +/- 0.08. AIMgOH: 0.18 +/- 0.07. Hydrotalcite: 0.19 +/- +/- 0.10. Misoprostol (cytoprotector): 0.23 +/- 0.07. Misoprostol (anti-secretor): 0.11 +2- 0.05 (p < 0.05). Somatostatin: 0.09 +/- 0.04. Ranitidine: 0.08 +/- 0.05. Omeprazole: 0.02 +/- 0.01 (p < 0.001) and Lanzoprazole: 0.02 +/- 0.01. CONCLUSION: In the prevention of stress acute gastric lesions Sucralfate might be indicated as a partial cytoprotector and Omeprazole or Lanzoprazole as antisecretant and lesion preventive drugs.
Assuntos
Antiácidos/uso terapêutico , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Estresse Fisiológico/complicações , Doença Aguda , Animais , Feminino , Gastrite/etiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Se estudiaron en grupos de ratas Wistar, en stress por inmovilización más inmersión en agua a 18C, las groseras lesiones agudas gástricas sangrantes y su prevención con drogas citoprotectoras gástricas como: sucralfato, HOAI y Mg, magaldrato, hidrotalcita y misoprostol; asimismo, drogas antisecretoras gástricas como misoprostol (dosis antisecretora), somatostatina (octeotride), ranitidina, omeprazol y lanzoprazol. En otra experiencia, se estudió la secreción gástrica ácida en ratas con ligadura de píloro, donde fueron tratadas con las mismas drogas y dosis que en la experiencia anterior. Se comprobó que el modelo de stress 6 hs. dió una zona lesional gástrica de un 80 por ciento; el sucralfato, como droga citoprotectora, dio una protección parcial de la mucosa gástrica; en cambio, los bloqueantes de la bomba de protones, omeprazol y lanzoprazol dieron una zona gástrica cercana al 0 por ciento y por ende, postulamos su uso en terapia intensiva en la profilaxis de las lesiones agudas gástricas sangrantes en el stress. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Feminino , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Sucralfato/administração & dosagem , Sucralfato/uso terapêutico , Hidróxido de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Hidróxido de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Hidróxido de Alumínio/administração & dosagem , Hidróxido de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Misoprostol/administração & dosagem , Misoprostol/uso terapêutico , Somatostatina/administração & dosagem , Somatostatina/uso terapêutico , Ranitidina/administração & dosagem , Ranitidina/uso terapêutico , Omeprazol/administração & dosagem , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Estresse FisiológicoRESUMO
Se estudiaron en grupos de ratas Wistar, en stress por inmovilización más inmersión en agua a 18C, las groseras lesiones agudas gástricas sangrantes y su prevención con drogas citoprotectoras gástricas como: sucralfato, HOAI y Mg, magaldrato, hidrotalcita y misoprostol; asimismo, drogas antisecretoras gástricas como misoprostol (dosis antisecretora), somatostatina (octeotride), ranitidina, omeprazol y lanzoprazol. En otra experiencia, se estudió la secreción gástrica ácida en ratas con ligadura de píloro, donde fueron tratadas con las mismas drogas y dosis que en la experiencia anterior. Se comprobó que el modelo de stress 6 hs. dió una zona lesional gástrica de un 80 por ciento; el sucralfato, como droga citoprotectora, dio una protección parcial de la mucosa gástrica; en cambio, los bloqueantes de la bomba de protones, omeprazol y lanzoprazol dieron una zona gástrica cercana al 0 por ciento y por ende, postulamos su uso en terapia intensiva en la profilaxis de las lesiones agudas gástricas sangrantes en el stress.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Feminino , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Ácido Gástrico , Hidróxido de Alumínio/administração & dosagem , Hidróxido de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Hidróxido de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Hidróxido de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Misoprostol/administração & dosagem , Misoprostol/uso terapêutico , Omeprazol/administração & dosagem , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Ranitidina/administração & dosagem , Ranitidina/uso terapêutico , Somatostatina/administração & dosagem , Somatostatina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Fisiológico , Sucralfato/administração & dosagem , Sucralfato/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Verapamil, a type-1 calcium-channel blocker, given intraperitoneally, macroscopically protected the gastric mucosa of rats from 96% ethanol-induced lesions in a dose-dependent fashion. This effect was significant when verapamil at 10 or 20 mg/kg was given 1 hr before ethanol. Histopathologically, verapamil prevented the development of deep necrotic lesions, but did not preserve the surface epithelium. Gastric acid secretion in both pylorus-ligated rats and gastric-diversion rats was inhibited by 20 mg/kg of verapamil. Gastric motility measured by a balloon method was dose-dependently inhibited by verapamil. Verapamil protection was significantly diminished by pretreatment with subcutaneous indomethacin (30 mg/kg) and iodoacetamide (100 mg/kg). The gastric motility inhibited by verapamil was not reversed by indomethacin and iodoacetamide. These results indicate the participation of both endogenous prostaglandins and sulfhydryls of the gastric mucosa in verapamil protection against ethanol damage, but do not relate to a suppression of gastric motility.
Assuntos
Etanol/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Gastrite/induzido quimicamente , Gastrite/prevenção & controle , Prostaglandinas/fisiologia , Compostos de Sulfidrila/fisiologia , Verapamil/farmacologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Indometacina/farmacologia , Iodoacetamida/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Verapamil/administração & dosagemRESUMO
In normal males volunteers a double-blind parallel trial was performed to study protection induced by ranitidine and bismuth subcitrate on the damage induced by ethanol on the gastric mucosa. Subjects were randomized assigned in three groups: I (R) n = 9 Ranitidine 150 mg, II (B) n = 6 Bismuth 240 mg, and III (R + B) n = 9 both compounds. Drugs were administered one hour before endoscopy. If the subject initially showed absence of any lesion, he received through and endoscopic cannula an infusion of 100 ml of ethanol at 40%. Endoscopic evaluation was performed at 15 and 30 minutes, without retrieving the endoscope. Quantification of gastric lesions was performed using the scale of Tarnawski et al (Am J Med 83:31-37, 1987). In the group I there was no lesion in 67%, in the group II 0% and in the group III 78%. Petechial lesions were observed in 33%, 67% and 11% respectively. In summary, combination R + B and the R gave the best cytoprotection that observed only bismuth. Possible mechanism of action are discussed.