RESUMO
Trypanosoma cruzi strains from distinct geographic areas show differences in drug resistance and association between parasites genetic and treatment response has been observed. Considering that benznidazole (BZ) can reduce the parasite burden and tissues damage, even in not cured animals and individuals, the goal is to assess the drug response to BZ of T. cruzi II strains isolated from children of the Jequitinhonha Valley, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, before treatment. Mice infected and treated with BZ in both phases of infection were compared with the untreated and evaluated by fresh blood examination, haemoculture, polymerase chain reaction, conventional (ELISA) and non-conventional (FC-ALTA) serologies. In mice treated in the acute phase, a significant decrease in parasitaemia was observed for all strains. Positive parasitological and/or serological tests in animals treated during the acute and chronic (95.1-100%) phases showed that most of the strains were BZ resistant. However, beneficial effect was demonstrated because significant reduction (p < 0.05%) and/or suppression of parasitaemia was observed in mice infected with all strains (acute phase), associated to reduction/elimination of inflammation and fibrosis for two/eight strains. BZ offered some benefit, even in not cured animals, what suggest that BZ use may be recommended at least for recent chronic infection of the studied region.
Assuntos
Humanos , Descoberta de Drogas , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Nootrópicos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Brotos de Planta/química , Estilbenos/isolamento & purificação , Vitis/química , Agricultura/economia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inibidores , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Benzofuranos/análise , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/economia , Benzofuranos/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , França , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Estrutura Molecular , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/economia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Nootrópicos/química , Nootrópicos/economia , Nootrópicos/farmacologia , Agregação Patológica de Proteínas , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/economia , Extratos Vegetais/economia , Agregados Proteicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Estereoisomerismo , Estilbenos/análise , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/economia , Estilbenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tropical fruit residues consisting of seeds, peels and residual pulp generated as by-products of fruit processing industry were investigated for bioactive compounds, the in vitro antioxidant capacity as well as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities. Cyanidin, quercetin, ellagic acid (EA) and proanthocyanidins were found in acerola, jambolan, pitanga and cajá-umbu residue powders. Acerola powder had the highest phenolic content (8839.33 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g) and also high-ascorbic acid (AA) concentration (2748.03 mg/100 g), followed by jambolan and pitanga. The greatest 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition was observed for jambolan (436.76 mmol Trolox eq/g) followed by pitanga (206.68 mmol Trolox eq/g) and acerola (192.60 mmol Trolox eq/g), while acerola had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay result (7.87 mmol Trolox eq/g). All fruit powders exhibited enzymatic inhibition against alpha-amylase (IC50 ranging from 3.40 to 49.5 mg CE/mL) and alpha-glucosidase (IC50 ranging from 1.15 to 2.37 mg CE/mL). Therefore, acerola, jambolan and pitanga dried residues are promising natural ingredients for food and nutraceutical manufacturers, due to their rich bioactive compound content.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos , Frutas/química , Malpighiaceae/química , Myrtaceae/química , Fenóis/análise , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/economia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/economia , Brasil , Catequina/administração & dosagem , Catequina/análise , Catequina/economia , Suplementos Nutricionais/economia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/análise , Inibidores Enzimáticos/economia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Alimentos Fortificados/economia , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos/economia , Frutas/economia , Índice Glicêmico , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Fenóis/administração & dosagem , Fenóis/economia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Epiderme Vegetal/química , Sementes/química , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Different parts of plant foods are generally discarded by consumers such as peel, stalk and leaves, which could however possess a nutritional value. However, few studies have analysed the composition of these marginal foods. The phenolic compound, flavonoid, polyamine, nitrate and pesticide contents of parts of vegetables that are usually discarded--but which were cultivated according to conventional and non-conventional procedures--were analysed to provide suggestions on how to improve the consumption of these parts and to reduce the production of urban solid waste. Few, but significant, differences between the two manuring procedures were observed. Higher nitrate content and the presence of organochlorine pesticides were found in conventional cultivated papaya peel, lemon balm leaves, jack fruit pulp, and beet stalk and peel. Discarded parts of plant foods such as stalk, leaves and peels can be used as a source of antioxidant compounds, such as phenolic compounds.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Fertilizantes , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Nitratos/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos/análise , Antioxidantes/economia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Artocarpus/química , Artocarpus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Artocarpus/metabolismo , Beta vulgaris/química , Beta vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Beta vulgaris/metabolismo , Brasil , Carica/química , Carica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carica/metabolismo , Produtos Agrícolas/economia , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produtos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Cymbopogon/química , Cymbopogon/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cymbopogon/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Fertilizantes/efeitos adversos , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/economia , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Alimentos Orgânicos/economia , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/metabolismo , Ipomoea batatas/química , Ipomoea batatas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ipomoea batatas/metabolismo , Esterco , Nitratos/metabolismo , Agricultura Orgânica/métodos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/metabolismo , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/economia , Fenóis/metabolismo , Resíduos/economiaRESUMO
Dietary intake of berry fruits has been demonstrated to positively impact human health. Interest in exploring new and exotic types of berries has grown in recent years. This article provides botanical descriptions and reviews the chemistry, biological activities, and commercialization of berry-producing plants from South America, specifically Aristotelia chilensis, Euterpe oleracea, Malpighia emarginata, Ugni molinae, Fragaria chiloensis, Rubus glaucus, Rubus adenotrichus, and Vaccinium floribundum. These species possess a rich and diversified composition of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. The most significant health benefits have been attributed to phenolic compounds and vitamin C, potentially protective against cardiovascular disease and cancer. Although both traditional folk medicine and composition of these berries suggest significant health benefits, few studies to date have investigated these potentials.