RESUMO
AIMS: Despite recent worldwide migratory movements, there are only a few studies available that report robust epidemiological data on the mental health in recent refugee populations. In the present study, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatisation were assessed using an epidemiological approach in refugees who have recently arrived in Germany from different countries. METHODS: The study was conducted in a reception facility for asylum-seekers in Leipzig, Germany. A total of 1316 adult individuals arrived at the facility during the survey period (May 2017-June 2018), 569 of whom took part in the study (N = 67 pilot study and N = 502 study sample; response rate 43.2%). The questionnaire (11 different languages) included sociodemographic and flight-related questions as well as standardised instruments for assessing PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9) and somatisation (SSS-8). Unweighted and weighted prevalence rates of PTSD, depression and somatisation were presented stratified by sex and age groups. RESULTS: According to established cut-off scores, 49.7% of the respondents screened positive for at least one of the mental disorders investigated, with 31% suffering from somatisation, 21.7% from depression and 34.9% from PTSD; prevalence rates of major depression, other depressive syndromes and PTSD were calculated according to the DSM-5, which indicated rates of 10.3, 17.6 and 28.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underline the dramatic mental health burden present among refugees and provide important information for health care planning. They also provide important information for health care systems and political authorities in receiving countries and strongly indicate the necessity of establishing early psychosocial support for refugees suffering from psychological distress.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Refugiados/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Somatoformes/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Camarões/etnologia , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Eritreia/etnologia , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Iraque/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/etnologia , Questionário de Saúde do Paciente , Prevalência , Refugiados/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Síria/etnologia , Turquia/etnologia , Venezuela/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En este trabajo se ofrece una síntesis de la estrategia curricular implementada por el personal de la Cátedra de Laboratorio Clínico de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara en la Misión Médica Docente Cubana en Eritrea, África, cuyo objetivo fue lograr la excelencia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en ese país hermano, lo cual marcó huellas del actuar y desempeño de los docentes revolucionarios cubanos, seguidores de las ideas internacionalistas que caracterizan a una Cuba, que desde 1959 hasta hoy, y para siempre, será eternamente solidaria(AU)
In this work, a synthesis of the curricular strategy implemented by the staff of the Clinical Laboratory Department from the Medical Sciences University in Villa Clara at the Cuban Teaching Medical Mission in Eritrea, Africa is offered, which objective was to achieve the excellence in the teaching-learning process in that brother country, tracing the way of performing of the Cuban teaching revolutionaries, followers of the internationalist ideas that characterize Cuba, which, since 1959 up to now, and forever, will be eternally solidary(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Eritreia , Intercâmbio Educacional Internacional , Docentes , Universidades , Universidades , Ensino , Cooperação Internacional , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
Introducción: la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta en Asmara, Eritrea fundada en el 2004 por docentes cubanos es una muestra más de la solidaridad cubana. Objetivo: describir los elementos fundamentales de la organización académica en la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta para que puedan servir en otros países pobres. Métodos: se revisaron los documentos rectores disponibles en los archivos de la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta desde su fundación hasta febrero del 2012: el catálogo, los registros de secretaría general, biblioteca y del responsable de la colaboración docente cubana así como la evaluación de pre acreditación docente realizada por expertos de la OMS, y datos obtenidos según criterios objetivos bibliométricos. Resultados: se presenta el plan de estudios, inspirado en el cubano, teniendo como pilar la Medicina Comunitaria. Se describen características particulares del plan y su puesta en práctica, así como las condiciones mejoradas de la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta en cuanto a becas, biblioteca e informatización, que la hacen un lugar de excelencia certificado por observadores extranjeros. Los resultados de la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta, fundada gracias a la solidaridad de Cuba, demuestran la factibilidad de implementación en las condiciones de un país pobre que ha seguido un programa inspirado en el cubano para la formación de médicos logrando resultados satisfactorios en la calidad y cantidad de sus graduados, lo que ha sido reconocido por expertos nacionales, extranjeros y reflejado en la prensa. Conclusiones: con la ayuda solidaria de Cuba y la aplicación de sus planes de estudio, es posible la creación de escuelas de medicina en países pobres, con buenos resultados(AU)
Introduction: The Orotta School of Medicine in Asmara, Eritrea, founded in 2004 by Cuban professors is another sample of Cuban solidarity. Objective: the goal of this paper is to describe the principles of the academic organization of the Orotta School of Medicine for possible use in other poor countries. Methods: the main available documents (2004-2012) from the archives of the Orotta School of Medicine were revised: the school catalog, records of the Offices of the Registrar, the Cuban Dean and library (using bibliometric criteria), as well as the accreditation assessment of WHO. Results: we present the curriculum, which is inspired in the Cuban one and has Community Medicine as backbone. Specific characteristics of the curriculum and its implementation are described and the improved facilities of the Orotta School of Medicine regarding boarding, library and connectivity. All these features make the Orotta School of Medicine a reference school, certified by foreing observers.The results of the Orotta School of Medicine, founded thanks to the Cuban solidarity show the feasibility of implementing a curriculum inspired in the Cuban one adapted to the conditions of a poor country, for the production of high quality medical doctors, what has been recognized by forieng scholars and appeared in press reports. Conclusions: it is possible the foundation of med schools in poor countries with the Cuban solidarity and the implementation of the Cuban curriculum adapted to local conditions(AU)
Assuntos
Educação Médica/organização & administração , Medicina Comunitária/educação , Eritreia , Comportamento CooperativoRESUMO
La Escuela de Medicina de Orotta en Asmara, Eritrea fundada en el 2004 por docentes cubanos es una muestra más de la solidaridad cubana. Objetivo: describir los elementos fundamentales de la organización académica en la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta para que puedan servir en otros países pobres. Métodos: se revisaron los documentos rectores disponibles en los archivos de la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta desde su fundación hasta febrero del 2012: el catálogo, los registros de secretaría general, biblioteca y del responsable de la colaboración docente cubana así como la evaluación de pre acreditación docente realizada por expertos de la OMS, y datos obtenidos según criterios objetivos bibliométricos. Resultados: se presenta el plan de estudios, inspirado en el cubano, teniendo como pilar la Medicina Comunitaria. Se describen características particulares del plan y su puesta en práctica, así como las condiciones mejoradas de la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta en cuanto a becas, biblioteca e informatización, que la hacen un lugar de excelencia certificado por observadores extranjeros. Los resultados de la Escuela de Medicina de Orotta, fundada gracias a la solidaridad de Cuba, demuestran la factibilidad de implementación en las condiciones de un país pobre que ha seguido un programa inspirado en el cubano para la formación de médicos logrando resultados satisfactorios en la calidad y cantidad de sus graduados, lo que ha sido reconocido por expertos nacionales, extranjeros y reflejado en la prensa. Conclusiones: con la ayuda solidaria de Cuba y la aplicación de sus planes de estudio, es posible la creación de escuelas de medicina en países pobres, con buenos resultados...
The Orotta School of Medicine in Asmara, Eritrea, founded in 2004 by Cuban professors is another sample of Cuban solidarity. Objective: the goal of this paper is to describe the principles of the academic organization of the Orotta School of Medicine for possible use in other poor countries. Methods: the main available documents (2004-2012) from the archives of the Orotta School of Medicine were revised: the school catalog, records of the Offices of the Registrar, the Cuban Dean and library (using bibliometric criteria), as well as the accreditation assessment of WHO. Results: we present the curriculum, which is inspired in the Cuban one and has Community Medicine as backbone. Specific characteristics of the curriculum and its implementation are described and the improved facilities of the Orotta School of Medicine regarding boarding, library and connectivity. All these features make the Orotta School of Medicine a reference school, certified by foreing observers.The results of the Orotta School of Medicine, founded thanks to the Cuban solidarity show the feasibility of implementing a curriculum inspired in the Cuban one adapted to the conditions of a poor country, for the production of high quality medical doctors, what has been recognized by forieng scholars and appeared in press reports. Conclusions: it is possible the foundation of med schools in poor countries with the Cuban solidarity and the implementation of the Cuban curriculum adapted to local conditions...
Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento Cooperativo , Eritreia , Educação Médica/organização & administração , Medicina Comunitária/educaçãoRESUMO
Introducción: Existe en Asmara, República de Eritrea, la Escuela de Medicina Orotta, única de ese tipo en el país; diseñada y fundada por la Colaboración Médica Cubana. Los estudiantes son formados con el programa tradicional cubano y realizan la educación en el trabajo con los médicos del Programa Integral de Salud (PIS) que allá cumplen misión internacionalista, insertados en los centros asistenciales que existen a lo largo de todo el país. El programa incluye la asignatura de Medicina Legal que se imparte durante todo un semestre. Con el arribo de la profesora cubana de Medicina Legal, se iniciaron las actuaciones medicolegales en el país. Objetivo: Informar sobre las actuaciones medicolegales realizadas por primera vez en Eritrea por especialistas cubanos. Método: Se reportan los detalles de las actividades docentes de pre y postgrado y las principales experiencias del trabajo médicolegal asistencial, realizado en Eritrea, a través de un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el período de julio del 2008 a septiembre del 2010. Resultados: En un año de trabajo la cantidad de actuaciones se fue incrementando de manera sistemática y el trabajo medicolegal ganó en organización. A pesar de no haber experiencias en la población ni en el personal de salud del país, la necropsia es una actuación identificada como necesaria y aceptada por la población eritrea. Conclusiones: Se demostró lo necesario que resulta el trabajo en el lugar del hecho, y el trabajo en equipo de los integrantes de la brigada médica cubana. Se confirmó la importancia de la ayuda que brinda el Programa Integral de Salud (PIS) de Cuba a los países en desarrollo(AU)
Introduction: Orotta school of medicine in Asmara, Republic of Eritrea is the only one in existence in this country and it was designed and founded by the Cuban Medical collaboration. Students at the school are formed by the traditional Cuban program vinculating them to practical work with Cuban doctors of the integral health program (IHP) that fulfill internationalist mission inserted to the different care centers along the country. Legal medicine is included in this program and it is taught during a complete semester. At the arrival of the Cuban Legal Medicine professor medicolegal performances started in this country. Objectives: Explain about the medicolegal performances made by Cuban specialists for the first time in Eritrea. Method: Details of Pre and Postgrades teaching activities and the main experiences of medicolegal assistance work made in Eritrea are reported through a descriptive and tranversal study in the period of July 2008 to September 2011. Results: Medicolegal performances were sistematically increasing and gained organization in a year of work in spite of the abscence of experience of both, health personnel and population. Necropsies are already accepted and dentified as necessary by Eritrean population. Conclusion: It was proved how important is the team work of the Cuban Medical brigade and the need of working at the scene of facts. The importance of the Cuban help through the Integral Health Program to countries in development was also confirmed.
Assuntos
Medicina Legal , Cooperação Internacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Faculdades de Medicina , Currículo , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , EritreiaRESUMO
Presentamos un caso de quiste de inclusión epidérmico, como complicación tardía, en una mujer africana con antecedente de mutilación genital tipo II o clitoridectomía total, durante su infancia.
We report a case of epidermal inclusion cyst as a late complication in an African woman with history of ritual genital mutilation type II or total excision during childhood.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Circuncisão Feminina/efeitos adversos , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Cisto Epidérmico/etiologia , Vulva , Clitóris , Circuncisão Feminina/etnologia , Eritreia/etnologiaRESUMO
El Estado de Eritrea es un país multiétnico ubicado al noreste de África. Se estudió la consanguinidad y su relación con la etnia y la religión, en 116 recién nacidos con uno o más defectos congénitos e igual número de recién nacidos sin evidencia de ningún defecto al nacimiento. Se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los casos y los controles con respecto a la consanguinidad, con predominio de matrimonios entre primos hermanos. Se obtuvo un Coeficiente de Consanguinidad promedio global de 0,016 y en algunos casos fue 1,5 veces superior. La etnia tigré contribuyó con un mayor Coeficiente de Consanguinidad promedio que el resto de las etnias, coincidiendo con una mayor frecuencia de defectos congénitos, mientras que pertenecer a la etnia tigrinya resultó ser un factor protector. Se obtuvo una correlación lineal positiva entre el Coeficiente de Consanguinidad promedio y la frecuencia de defectos congénitos por etnias. Se concluyó que la consanguinidad tuvo un impacto importante en la aparición de estos defectos en Asmara (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Anormalidades Congênitas/etnologia , Fatores de Risco , Consanguinidade , Endogamia , Eritreia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
While many countries struggle to control malaria, four countries, Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam, have successfully reduced malaria burden. To determine what led these countries to achieve impact, published and unpublished reports were reviewed and selected program and partner staff were interviewed to identify common factors that contributed to these successes. Common success factors included conducive country conditions, a targeted technical approach using a package of effective tools, data-driven decision-making, active leadership at all levels of government, involvement of communities, decentralized implementation and control of finances, skilled technical and managerial capacity at national and sub-national levels, hands-on technical and programmatic support from partner agencies, and sufficient and flexible financing. All these factors were essential in achieving success. If the goals of Roll Back Malaria are to be achieved, governments and their partners must take the lessons learned from these program successes and apply them in other affected countries.
Assuntos
Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/prevenção & controle , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Eritreia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Malária/economia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Nações Unidas , Vietnã/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The geographical origin of modern humans is the subject of ongoing scientific debate. The 'multiregional evolution' hypothesis argues that modern humans evolved semi-independently in Europe, Asia and Africa between 100,000 and 40,000 years ago, whereas the 'out of Africa' hypothesis contends that modern humans evolved in Africa between 200 and 100 kyr ago, migrating to Eurasia at some later time. Direct palaeontological, archaeological and biological evidence is necessary to resolve this debate. Here we report the discovery of early Middle Stone Age artefacts in an emerged reef terrace on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea, which we date to the last interglacial (about 125 kyr ago) using U-Th mass spectrometry techniques on fossil corals. The geological setting of these artefacts shows that early humans occupied coastal areas and exploited near-shore marine food resources in East Africa by this time. Together with similar, tentatively dated discoveries from South Africa this is the earliest well-dated evidence for human adaptation to a coastal marine environment, heralding an expansion in the range and complexity of human behaviour from one end of Africa to the other. This new, wide-spread adaptive strategy may, in part, signal the onset of modern human behaviour, which supports an African origin for modern humans by 125 kyr ago.