RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the colon as a result of disorders in the migration and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells during embryogenesis. It is a cross-factor condition, with more than 11 genes identified in its pathogenesis, including the RET proto-onco gene. CASE REPORTS: We present the case of two siblings with total colon HD where a potentially pathogenic variant of the RET gene was found. Their father also had this condition. DISCUSSION: Prenatal diagnosis through genetic testing allows for informed decisions and care planning for the newborn, thus reducing delayed diagnosis and treatment, and minimizing long-term complications. Mutations such as the RET gene variant highlight the importance of the genetic approach in understanding and managing HD.
INTRODUCCION: La enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) se caracteriza por la ausencia de células ganglionares en los plexos submucoso y mientérico del intestino grueso, resultante de deficiencias en la migración y diferenciación de las células de la cresta neural entérica durante la embriogénesis. Es una condición multifactorial, con más de 11 genes identificados en su patogénesis, incluyendo el protooncogén RET. CASO CLINICO: Se presenta el caso de dos hermanos con EH de colon total, cuyo padre también padeció la enfermedad, y en quien se encontró una variante potencialmente patogénica en el gen RET. COMENTARIOS: El diagnóstico prenatal mediante pruebas genéticas permite decisiones informadas y la planificación de cuidados para el neonato afectado, reduciendo demoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, y minimizando las complicaciones a largo plazo. La identificación de mutaciones como la variante en el gen RET destaca la importancia del enfoque genético en la comprensión y manejo de la EH.
Assuntos
Doença de Hirschsprung , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Doença de Hirschsprung/genética , Mutação , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/genéticaRESUMO
Cartilage hypoplasia syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by short stature, hypoplastic hair and a variable degree of immunodeficiency. Noninfectious cutaneous granulomas represent an uncommon yet well-recognized manifestation within the spectrum of primary immunodeficiency diseases. However, cutaneous granulomas as a manifestation of cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome, are extremely rare. We present a case of a middle-aged man with cartilage hypoplasia syndrome featuring cutaneous granulomas, manifesting as chronic, extensive and deep cutaneous ulcers. The patient was treated with anti-TNF-alpha adalimumab with partial improvement. Our case underscores the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with cartilage hypoplasia syndrome and adds new evidence to the potential therapeutic efficacy of anti-TNF-alpha drugs in its treatment.
Assuntos
Adalimumab , Granuloma , Cabelo , Osteocondrodisplasias , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária , Úlcera Cutânea , Humanos , Masculino , Cabelo/anormalidades , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/complicações , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/diagnóstico , Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Cutânea/etiologia , Úlcera Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Granuloma/tratamento farmacológico , Osteocondrodisplasias/complicações , Osteocondrodisplasias/diagnóstico , Osteocondrodisplasias/congênito , Doença de Hirschsprung/complicações , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipotricose/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgeons create a neorectum to repair patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), which should be formed from a normoganglionic bowel. However, the neorectum is occasionally created with a transition zone (TZ) bowel. A neorectum created with a TZ has been postulated as a cause of postoperative enterocolitis or constipation. This study compares the incidence of enterocolitis and constipation in patients with TZ neorectum and normoganglionic bowel. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with rectosigmoid HD who underwent primary pull-through. Patients were divided into normoganglionic neorectum (NNR) and TZ neorectum. The diagnosis was based on the final histopathologic report of the proximal margin. The incidence of enterocolitis and constipation was compared between these two groups. RESULTS: A total of 98 HD patients were analyzed. Seventy-one patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 65 (92%) had a NNR, and six patients (8%) had a TZ neorectum. From these patients, 42 (59%) presented with enterocolitis or constipation. However, there was no significant difference between both groups. CONCLUSION: The present study showed no difference in the incidence of enterocolitis or postoperative constipation in HD patients with normoganglionic or TZ neorectum. These results suggest that TZ neorectum does not cause postoperative obstructive symptoms.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cirujanos crean un neo-recto para tratar a los pacientes con enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH), que debe formarse con intestino normogangliónico; sin embargo, en ocasiones el neo-recto se forma con intestino de la zona de transición. Se ha postulado que un neo-recto en zona de transición causa enterocolitis o estreñimiento postoperatorio. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la frecuencia de enterocolitis y estreñimiento en pacientes con neo-recto en zona de transición y con neo-recto normogangliónico. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de pacientes con EH recto sigmoideo que se sometieron a descenso primario. Los pacientes se dividieron en el grupo neo-recto normogangliónico y el grupo con neo-recto en zona de transición. El diagnóstico del neo-recto se estableció con el informe histopatológico definitivo del margen proximal. Se comparó la frecuencia de enterocolitis y estreñimiento entre estos dos grupos. RESULTADOS: Se analizó un total de 98 pacientes con EH, de los cuales 71 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; 65 (92%) con neo-recto normogangliónico y seis (8%) con neo-recto en zona de transición. Posteriormente, 42 (59%) pacientes presentaron enterocolitis asociada a Hirschsprung (HAEC) o estreñimiento; sin embargo, no hubo diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos. CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio no demostró una diferencia en la frecuencia de HAEC o estreñimiento postoperatorio en pacientes con EH con neo-recto normogangliónico o en zona de transición. Estos resultados sugieren que un neo-recto en zona de transición no causa síntomas obstructivos postoperatorios.
Assuntos
Enterocolite , Doença de Hirschsprung , Humanos , Doença de Hirschsprung/cirurgia , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Doença de Hirschsprung/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/patologia , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Constipação Intestinal/complicações , Reto/cirurgia , Reto/patologia , Enterocolite/epidemiologia , Enterocolite/etiologia , Enterocolite/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hirschsprung's Disease (HD) is characterized by intestinal sub-occlusion and the absence of enteric ganglion cells. A rectal biopsy examination is performed to confirm the diagnosis. In a recent study, we demonstrated that the analysis of 60 sections of rectal mucosa and submucosa stained by H&E may ensure a 90% diagnostic accuracy. Although the need to analyze so many sections makes the process of reading the slides more time-consuming, this encouraged us to study their distribution in the healthy rectal submucosa, to simplify the diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To develop a method that facilitates HD diagnosis by studying the distribution of ganglion cells in the submucosal plexus. METHODS: Using the calretinin technique, we studied the distribution of plexuses in 60 fragments of rectal submucosa from 19 cadavers. After the study, the reading method created was used for diagnosis in 47 cases of suspected HD, using H&E staining. The accuracy was verified by comparing the results obtained with H&E to those obtained with the acetylcholinesterase technique, the golden standard in our laboratory. RESULTS: The study of submucosal plexus distribution showed that just by examining the submucosal region every 20 µm, approximately, it is possible to locate a ganglionic plexus, and we have already been able to diagnose HD with 93% accuracy. CONCLUSION: The study of ganglion cell distribution enabled the creation of a simplified method for reading the slides. The method applied achieved good accuracy and it can be used as an alternative method in HD diagnosis.
Assuntos
Doença de Hirschsprung , Humanos , Lactente , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Doença de Hirschsprung/patologia , Acetilcolinesterase/análise , Reto/química , Reto/patologia , Biópsia/métodosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a rectal biopsy. The sample may be obtained using a transanal excisional biopsy (TEB) or suction technique. Rectal suction biopsy (RSB) is not a standard procedure in Latin-America. AIM: To evaluate the current practice in rectal biopsy for HD among pediatric surgeons. METHODS: We distributed an online questionnaire among Latin-American pediatric surgeons. RESULTS: One hundred forty-nine pediatric surgeons from 15 countries completed the anonymous survey (71.4% of Latin-American countries), grouped into 81.9% pediatric surgeons; 8.9% pediatric colorectal surgeons, 8.9% trainees, and 1 pediatric colorectal surgeon fellow. 50.4% reported less than 5 new patients with HD per year, 36.2% 5-10 new cases, and 13.4% more than 10. Only 14.1% of surgeons have access to perform a RSB in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected HD, 90% in our study perform an TEB under general anesthesia. When we ask if they could perform both procedures in babies up to 6 months, 52.3% indicate that they prefer an RSB, and for patients older than 6 months, 35.4% favor an RSB. Regarding the number of samples obtained performing an TEB, 30.9% get one biopsy, 29.5% two biopsies, and 39.6% three or more samples. Surgeons obtained the most proximal biopsy at a median of 2.3 cm (range 1-4 cm) above the pectinate line. 67.8% of surgeons prescribed antibiotic prophylaxis. Overall, 16.1% experienced complications, including rectal blood loss (n = 18), and rectal perforation (n = 3). The most frequently used staining methods for rectal biopsies are hematoxylin/eosin (87%), calretinin (56, 8%), and acetylcholinesterase (21.9%). CONCLUSIONS: In Latin-America, the accessibility for RSB is limited only 18 out of 149 surgeons have access to rectal suction tool. There is no consensus regarding sample number, site of proximal biopsy, and antibiotics use. The complications associated with the procedure seems to be less than reported with RSB. Therefore, we should standardize this common surgical practice and establish universal guidelines for rectal biopsy procedure (RBP).
Assuntos
Biópsia/métodos , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Pediatria , Cirurgiões , Acetilcolinesterase , Calbindina 2 , Criança , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Perfuração Intestinal , América Latina , Masculino , Doenças Retais/patologia , Reto/patologia , Sucção , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oblique type of anastomosis. Several types of complications including constipation, fecal soiling, perianal excoriation, were reported among different types of surgery for Hirschsprung's disease. AIM: To compare circular and oblique anastomoses following Soave's procedure for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. METHODS: Children who underwent Saove's pull through procedure with oblique and circular anastomoses were included. Duration of the follow up was two years after surgery. Postoperative complications, such as wound infection, wound dehiscence, peritonitis, fecal soiling, perianal excoriation, were recorded for each patient. RESULTS: Thirty-eight children underwent oblique anastomoses. Circular ones were done for 32 children. Perianal excoriation was seen in 57.89% and 46.87% of children in oblique and circular group, respectively. Enterocolitis was more frequent in circular (40.62%) than oblique (28.94%) group. Anastomotic stricture was more frequent in circular (15.62%) than oblique (7.89%). CONCLUSION: Perianal excoriation was the most common complication among patient in both groups. Oblique anastomoses had fewer complications than circular, and may be appropriate option for patient who underwent Soave's procedure.
Assuntos
Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Incontinência Fecal/etiologia , Doença de Hirschsprung/cirurgia , Proctocolectomia Restauradora/métodos , Criança , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Seguimentos , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
La enfermedad de Hirschsprung ocurre en 1 de cada 5000 nacimientos. La falla de migración de las células ganglionares desde la cresta neural en dirección cefalocaudal genera su ausencia en parte o todo el colon. Se manifiesta con falta de eliminación de meconio, distensión abdominal y dificultades en la evacuación. Luego del tratamiento quirúrgico, existen complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. El objetivo de esta publicación es describir las principales causas de síntomas persistentes en los pacientes operados por enfermedad de Hirschsprung y presentar un algoritmo diagnóstico-terapéutico factible de ser realizado en nuestro medio
Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the lack of migration of intrinsic parasympathetic ganglia from neural crest and consequently absence of them at varying length of the bowel, resulting in functional obstruction. The incidence is 1 per 5000 births. After surgery, short term and long term comorbidity commonly occurs. The aim of this article is to revise the main causes of ongoing symptoms after surgery in Hirschsprung disease patients and to show a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm that can be developed in our community
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Hirschsprung/cirurgia , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Doença de Hirschsprung/terapia , Pediatria , Doença Crônica , Constipação Intestinal/dietoterapia , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Enterocolite/dietoterapia , Enterocolite/etiologia , Incontinência Fecal/dietoterapia , Incontinência Fecal/etiologiaRESUMO
La enfermedad de Hirschsprung es una malformación del sistema nervioso entérico, caracterizada por falta de células ganglionares en plexo submucoso y mientérico en pared distal del colon. En el 80% solo existe afectación del recto-sigma, sin embargo, pueden encontrarse casos de aganglionosis total. Reporte de Caso: Se presenta pre-escolar masculino de 4 años de edad, procedente de La Iguala, Lempira, Honduras, con historia de constipación y distensión abdominal de dos años de evolución, que ha empeorado progresivamente, y se atenuaba con el uso de enemas cada dos días para poder defecar. En mayo de 2016 llega al Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas, donde se le realizó una laparotomía exploratoria de emergencia debido a la presencia de deterioro clínico por constipación y distensión abdominal, acompañada de vómitos con restos alimenticios y fiebre alta de una semana de evolución. En dicha operación se realizó colectomía parcial izquierda, además se realizó una colostomía terapéutica y se diagnósticó enfermedad de Hirs-chsprung mediante biopsia, además del hallazgo incidental de apendicitis, se realizó apendicectomía obteniendo en general, una evolución satisfactoria.El estudio histopatológico de la biopsia del recto es el estándar de oro para realizar el diagnóstico. La ausencia de células ganglionares en el plexo submucoso con latinción hematoxilina y eosina establece el diagnóstico. El tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hirschsprung es de tipo quirúrgico y se busca la eliminación del segmento colónico afectado, de manera que se pueda lograr una anastomosis del colon proximal y distal al área agangliónica...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/anormalidades , Constipação IntestinalRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Several types of complications including constipation, fecal soiling, perianal excoriation, were reported among different types of surgery for Hirschsprung's disease. Aim: To compare circular and oblique anastomoses following Soave's procedure for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. Methods: Children who underwent Saove's pull through procedure with oblique and circular anastomoses were included. Duration of the follow up was two years after surgery. Postoperative complications, such as wound infection, wound dehiscence, peritonitis, fecal soiling, perianal excoriation, were recorded for each patient. Results: Thirty-eight children underwent oblique anastomoses. Circular ones were done for 32 children. Perianal excoriation was seen in 57.89% and 46.87% of children in oblique and circular group, respectively. Enterocolitis was more frequent in circular (40.62%) than oblique (28.94%) group. Anastomotic stricture was more frequent in circular (15.62%) than oblique (7.89%). Conclusion: Perianal excoriation was the most common complication among patient in both groups. Oblique anastomoses had fewer complications than circular, and may be appropriate option for patient who underwent Soave's procedure.
RESUMO Racional: Vários tipos de complicações, incluindo constipação, secreção fecal, escoriação perianal foram relatadas entre diferentes tipos de operações para a doença de Hirschsprung. Objetivo: Comparar as anastomoses circulares e oblíquas realizadas no procedimento de Soave para o tratamento da doença de Hirschsprung. Métodos: Neste estudo, foram incluídas crianças submetidas ao procedimento pull-through de Saove com anastomoses oblíquas e circulares. A duração do acompanhamento foi de dois anos no pós-operatório. Complicações, como infecção da ferida, deiscência da ferida, peritonite, secreção fecal, escoriação perianal foram registradas para cada paciente. Resultados: Trinta e oito crianças foram submetidas à anastomoses oblíquas. As circulares foram realizadas em 32. Escoriação perianal foi observada em 57,89% e 46,87% das crianças nos grupos oblíquo e circular, respectivamente. Enterocolite foi mais frequente no grupo circular (40,62%) do que oblíquo (28,94%). A estenose anastomótica foi mais frequente na circular (15,62%) do que na oblíqua (7,89%). Conclusão: A escoriação perianal foi a complicação mais comum entre os pacientes nos dois grupos. A anastomose oblíqua teve menos complicações do que a anastomose circular e pode ser a opção adequada para o paciente submetido ao procedimento de Soave.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Criança , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Incontinência Fecal/etiologia , Doença de Hirschsprung/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Proctocolectomia Restauradora/métodos , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disease, which is characterized by metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and thin hair. It can be accompanied by immunological disorders in varying degrees. CLINICAL CASE: The case of a 35-month-old girl is described. Since her birth, with growth restriction, she has developed pneumonia eleven times, malabsorption syndrome and aganglionic megacolon, which is why she was diagnosed with cartilage-hair hypoplasia, with expression of non-severe combined immunodeficiency. The decision was to proceed with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. At the time of this report, the patient was free from infectious processes. CONCLUSION: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a condition with diverse clinical features and different degrees of immunodeficiency. As part of the treatment, it is possible to perform haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Antecedentes: La hipoplasia cartílago-cabello es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva poco frecuente, caracterizada por condrodisplasia metafisaria y cabello fino. Puede estar acompañada de alteraciones inmunológicas en distintos grados. Caso clínico: Niña de 35 meses de edad, quien desde su nacimiento mostró restricción del crecimiento; desarrolló 11 cuadros de neumonía, síndrome de malabsorción y megacolon agangliónico, por lo que se diagnosticó hipoplasia cartílago-cabello, con expresión de inmunodeficiencia combinada no severa. Se decidió trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Al momento de este informe, la paciente estaba libre de procesos infecciosos. Conclusión: La hipoplasia cartílago-cabello es un padecimiento con rasgos clínicos y distintos grados de inmunodeficiencia. Como parte del tratamiento es posible realizar trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas.
Assuntos
Cabelo/anormalidades , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Osteocondrodisplasias/congênito , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Osteocondrodisplasias/diagnóstico , FenótipoRESUMO
Down syndrome is the most common human chromosomal disorder. Among clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of gastrointestinal system alterations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders at a Down syndrome outpatient clinic during a 10-year follow-up period. Data from medical files were retrospectively reviewed from 1,207 patients. Gastrointestinal changes occurred in 612 (50.7%). The most prevalent disorder was chronic intestinal constipation. Intestinal parasite occurred in 22% (mainly giardiasis), gastroesophageal reflux disease in 14%, digestive tract malformations occurred in 5%: 13 cases of duodenal atresia, 8 of imperforate anus, 4 annular pancreases, 2 congenital megacolon, 2 esophageal atresias, 2 esophageal compression by anomalous subclavian and 1 case of duodenal membrane. We had 38/1,207 (3.1%) patients with difficulty in sucking and only three with dysphagia that resolved before the second year of life. Peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease, and biliary lithiasis were less prevalent with 3% each. Awareness of the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders promotes outstanding clinical follow-up as well as adequate development and greater quality of life for patients with Down syndrome and their families.
Assuntos
Anus Imperfurado/complicações , Constipação Intestinal/complicações , Síndrome de Down/complicações , Obstrução Duodenal/complicações , Atresia Esofágica/complicações , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Giardíase/complicações , Doença de Hirschsprung/complicações , Atresia Intestinal/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Anus Imperfurado/diagnóstico , Anus Imperfurado/genética , Anus Imperfurado/patologia , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Constipação Intestinal/diagnóstico , Constipação Intestinal/genética , Constipação Intestinal/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Down/genética , Síndrome de Down/patologia , Obstrução Duodenal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Duodenal/genética , Obstrução Duodenal/patologia , Atresia Esofágica/diagnóstico , Atresia Esofágica/genética , Atresia Esofágica/patologia , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/genética , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/patologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/anormalidades , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Giardíase/diagnóstico , Giardíase/genética , Giardíase/patologia , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Doença de Hirschsprung/genética , Doença de Hirschsprung/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Atresia Intestinal/diagnóstico , Atresia Intestinal/genética , Atresia Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
La enfermedad de Hirschsprung es la causa más común de obstrucción intestinal inferior en el primer mes de vida. El objetivo de esta publicación es comunicar una forma de presentación frecuente de esta enfermedad y reforzar la importancia de la sospecha y acciones oportunas por parte del pediatra. Caso clínico: recién nacido varón 36hs de vida. Término, adecuado a la edad gestacional, vigoroso, sin dismorfias externas. A las 36 hs de vida instala vómitos, distensión abdominal progresiva, sin expulsión de meconio desde el nacimiento. Al examen abdomen distendido, dolor difuso a la palpación. Tacto rectal: ampolla vacía. Radiografía simple de abdomen compatible con oclusión intestinal. Radiografía de colon con contraste sugestiva de Enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) de segmento corto que se confirma con biopsia rectal. Se realizan lavados colónicos hasta resolución quirúrgica a los 6 meses de vida. Requirió plan de dilatación anal con buena evolución posterior sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: El pediatra cumple un rol fundamental en la sospecha diagnóstica de la EH y debe conocer sus diferentes formas de presentación. Es de suma importancia sospechar esta enfermedad en recién nacidos que presenten oclusión intestinal en las primeras horas de vida.
Hirschsprung's disease is the most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction in the first month of life. The objective of this publication is to communicate a frequent form of presentation of this disease and to reinforce the importance of timely diagnosis by pediatricians. Clinical case: male newborn 36hs of life. Term, Appropiate for gestational age, vigorous, without external dysmorphism. After 36 hours of life, he started vomiting, progressive abdominal distension, no meconium was observed. At the distended abdomen examination, diffuse pain on palpation. Rectal touch: empty blister. Simple abdominal radiography compatible with intestinal occlusion. Colon radiograph with contrast suggestive of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) of short segment that was confirmed with rectal biopsy. Colonic irrigations were performed until surgical resolution at 6 months of age. It required an anal dilatation plan with good posterior evolution without complications. Conclusions: The pediatrician has a fundamental role in the diagnostic suspicion of HD and must know its different forms of presentation. It is very important to suspect this disease in newborns who have intestinal occlusion in the first hours of life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Doença de Hirschsprung/complicações , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Doença de Hirschsprung/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). During fetal development, ganglion cells of the ENS are derived from neural crest cells that migrate to the bowel. These cells reside principally in two ganglionated plexus: 1) The myenteric plexus, extending from the esophagus to the anus, and 2) submucous plexus, extending from the duodenum to the anus. In large animal species, there is a third plexus called Henle's or Schabadasch's plexus. ENS ganglion cells play a key role in normal gastrointestinal motility, respond to sensory stimuli and regulate blood flow. Both plexus show a high degree of independence from the central nervous system. Alterations in the embryonic development of the ENS can induce multiple pathologies in animal models and humans. CASE PRESENTATION: The present case was a female the fifth born in a litter of 5 puppies. At about 2-3 weeks of age, she suffered from abdominal distension, pain, and constipation. At approximately 8-10 weeks of age, the puppy started to vomit abundantly, and the regurgitated food appeared undigested. Progressive abdominal distention was observed, with quite visible peristaltic movements and more frequent vomiting episodes. The abdominal radiographs, based on AP and side projections, revealed an enlargement of the abdominal diameter and an increased width in the epigastric region. At 12 weeks of age, exploratory surgery revealed a stenotic segment in the jejunum, followed by a small transition zone and then a significantly reduced diameter. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using antibodies against calretinin, S-100 protein, CD56, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin, which are the biological markers for diagnosing HSCR. CONCLUSION: A reduced number of ganglion cells (1-3 cells per ganglion) were found. There was no specific staining pattern for many of these; while for others, the pattern was compatible with HSCR. Surgical intervention to remove the stenotic section prolonged the life of the puppy for 13 years. Extremely rare pathologies such as that discussed herein should be studied to understand the pathophysiology and be able to diagnose small species in veterinary medicine in a timely fashion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital intestinal stenosis and Hirschprung's disease in a newborn puppy.
Assuntos
Constrição Patológica/veterinária , Doença de Hirschsprung/veterinária , Intestinos/anormalidades , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Constrição Patológica/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Intestinos/cirurgiaRESUMO
. Antecedentes: La enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) es causa de obstrucción intestinal baja en neonatos. En 1998, De la Torre y Ortega publicaron una importante modificación a la técnica de Soave, realizando un descenso transanal endorrectal. Objetivo:Describir la experiencia en el tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Hirschsprung mediante la técnica descrita por De la Torre, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, 2013-2015. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se revisaron expedientes clínicos y se registró información sobre características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes. Los resultados se presentan como frecuencias y porcentajes de las variables estudiadas. La información personal de los pacientes se manejó confidencialmente. Resultados: Se identificó un total de26 casos intervenidos en el periodo del estudio. El 73.1% (19) pertenecía al sexo masculino, 46.2% (12) se diagnosticó antes de 12 meses de vida; sin enfermedades asociadas. La biopsia diagnosticó la enfermedad en el 100% de los casos. La longitud del colon resecado fue de 10-20 cm en 88.5% (23), con un tiempo quirúrgico de 4-5 horas 69.2% (18). El 19.2% (5) presentó complicaciones. Se inició alimentos en menos de 5 días en 96.1% (25), la estancia hospitalaria fue menor a 7 días en 88.5% (23). Discusión: El descenso endorrectal transanal es una operación segura con pocas complicaciones operatorias y postoperatorias. En este estudio, la estancia hospitalaria y el tiempo hasta la alimentación oral completa fueron más cortos que los procedimientos convencionales lo que generó menores costes hospitalarios. Consideramos que ésta es la técnica de elección para enfermos con la Enfermedad de Hirschsprung...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/complicações , Malformações Anorretais , Doença de Hirschsprung/complicaçõesRESUMO
Introducción: la enfermedad de Hirschsprung es una patología que puede ser de diagnóstico y tratamiento complejo. Requiere un manejo multidisciplinario y una importante experiencia para minimizar la morbilidad aguda y a largo plazo. Objetivos: Estudiar las características de los pacientes operados por enfermedad de Hirschsprung en el Hospital Pediátrico del Hospital Pereira Rossell en los últimos 10 años (2006-2016), identificar sus complicaciones y su resultado a largo plazo. Material y método: se revisaron las historias clínicas entre enero de 2006 y julio de 2016. Se estudiaron distintas variables y se comparó la evolución según las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas. Se utilizaron como métodos estadísticos el test exacto de Fisher y test de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: se analizaron las historias de 30 pacientes en el período comprendido, de los cuales 22 eran de sexo masculino y 8 femenino. En 16 pacientes se realizó el diagnóstico mediante biopsia por aspiración, en 11 se realizó por medio de una biopsia quirúrgica y en 1 caso se llegó al diagnóstico mediante manometría anorrectal. 24 pacientes se diagnosticaron antes del primer año de vida, y 19 se operaron antes del 1er año. En 23 pacientes la enfermedad era de extensión rectosigmoidea. Se realizó la técnica De La Torre Mondragón en 14 casos y en 9 la técnica de Soave o su variante Soave/Boley. Conclusión: la técnica endoanal es la más utilizada para la patología de extensión rectosigmoidea, se evidencia una clara predilección por este abordaje en los últimos años. Si bien no hemos podido evaluar en su totalidad los pacientes intervenidos por la técnica de De La Torre creemos que posee grandes ventajas al evitar el abordaje abdominal. Hemos identificado claros puntos a mejorar como la importancia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, la necesidad de redes bien establecidas y el control a largo plazo en este tipo de patología. Valoramos la versatilidad de equipo quirúrgico en cuanto a la utilización de diferentes técnicas adecuadas a las necesidades de cada paciente.
Introduction: Hirschsprung's disease could involve a complex diagnosis and treatment. It requires long-term multidisciplinary management practices and vast experience in order to minimize acute morbidity. Goals: Study the epidemiology of patients with Hirschsprung's disease at the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital during 10 years (2006-2016) and identify their complications and long-term outcomes. Materials and methods: we reviewed the medical records between January 2006 and July 2016. We studied different variables and compared the evolution after performing the different surgical techniques. We used Fisher's exact test and Chi square test as statistical methods. Results: we analyzed 30 medical records in this period, 22 males and 8 females. 16 patients had been diagnosed through aspiration biopsy, 11 through surgical biopsy and in one case the diagnosis was reached through anorectal manometry. 24 patients were diagnosed before the first year of life, and 19 received surgery before the first year of life. In the case of 23 patients, the disease involved rectosigmoid extension. The La Torre Mondragón technique was performed in 14 cases and the Soave technique or its Soave/Boley variant was performed in 9 cases. Conclusion: endoanal is the most used technique for the rectosigmoid extension pathology and it seems to be the technique of choice in the last years. Although we have not been able to fully assess patients operated using the De La Torre technique, we believe that it has many advantages in avoiding the abdominal approach. We have identified clear areas for improvement, such as the importance of diagnosis and early treatment, the need for well-established networks and long-term control for this type of pathology. We value the surgical team's versatility when using different techniques customized to the patients' needs.
Introdução: a doença de Hirschsprung é uma patologia que pode exigir um diagnóstico e tratamento complexos. Requer manejo multidisciplinar de longo prazo e vasta experiência para minimizar a morbidade aguda. Objetivos: estudar as características dos pacientes operados pela doença de Hirschsprung no Hospital Pediátrico Pereira Rossell durante 10 anos (2006-2016), e poder identificar suas complicações e os resultados no longo prazo. Material e métodos: Estudamos diferentes variáveis nas histórias clínicas entre janeiro de 2006 e julho de 2016 e comparamos a evolução de acordo com as diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas. Utilizamos o teste exato de Fisher e o teste qui-quadrado como métodos estatísticos. Resultados: analisamos as histórias clínicas de 30 pacientes no período mencionado, 22 do sexo feminino e 8 do sexo masculino. Em 16 pacientes o diagnóstico foi feito através duma biópsia aspirativa, em 11 através duma biópsia cirúrgica e em um caso o diagnóstico foi realizado através duma manometria anorretal. 24 pacientes foram diagnosticados antes do primeiro ano de vida, e 19 foram operados antes do primeiro ano. Em 23 pacientes, a doença foi do tipo extensão retossigmóide. Utilizamos a técnica da Torre de Mondragón em 14 casos e a técnica Soave ou sua variante Soave/Boley em 9 casos. Conclusão: a técnica endoanal tem sido a mais utilizada e a preferida para o tratamento da patologia da extensão retossigmóide nos últimos anos. Embora não tenhamos conseguido avaliar totalmente os pacientes submetidos à técnica de De La Torre, acreditamos que ela tenha grandes vantagens na hora de evitar a abordagem abdominal. Identificamos áreas para o melhoramento no diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, a necessidade de redes bem estabelecidas e o controle de longo prazo nesse tipo de patologia. Valorizamos a versatilidade da equipe cirúrgica no uso das diferentes técnicas adaptadas às necessidades de cada paciente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Doença de Hirschsprung/cirurgia , Evolução Clínica , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Estudo Observacional , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible diagnostic role of anal sphincter relaxation integral (ASRI) in high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) for Hirschsprung disease. STUDY DESIGN: We performed conventional anorectal manometry (ARM) in 24 infants (8 with Hirschsprung disease and 16 without Hirschsprung disease) and HRAM in another 21 infants (9 with Hirschsprung disease and 12 without Hirschsprung disease) before and after October 2014. All infants underwent rectal suction biopsy for confirmation of Hirschsprung disease. We quantified rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) adequacy by calculating the ASRI in HRAM study at pressure cutoffs of less than 10, 15, and 20 mm Hg (ASRI10, ASRI15, and ASRI20, respectively) and investigated the diagnostic utility. RESULTS: Patients with Hirschsprung disease who underwent HRAM had significantly lower ASRI10, ASRI15, and ASRI20 values than did infants without Hirschsprung disease (P = .0002, .0002, and .0003, respectively), indicating significant difference in internal anal sphincter relaxation during RAIR test between these 2 groups. ASRI10 exhibited a greater diagnostic accuracy, area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity than did ASRI15 and ASRI20 for Hirschsprung disease. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of HRAM for Hirschsprung disease based on ASRI10 <7 mm Hg.s.cm was significantly greater than that of conventional ARM (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: ASRI10 may be indicative of the adequacy of RAIR by HRAM in infants, thus assisting the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. The diagnostic accuracy of HRAM (based on the ASRI10 value) is greater than that of conventional ARM for Hirschsprung disease. ASRI10 may be used in an automatic HRAM analysis system for the diagnosis of anorectal motility disorders.
Assuntos
Canal Anal/fisiopatologia , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Manometria/métodos , Reto/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of a full-thickness rectal wall fragment is classically used for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease (HD). However, this technique requires large fragments for a better diagnosis. Additionally, the histochemical and immunohistochemical methods of staining small fragments of rectal mucosal and submucosal biopsies are not available in all centers. Therefore, the possibility of diagnosing HD through HE staining in these biopsies could be a valuable alternative for centers that do not have more specific techniques. The objectives of the current investigation were to evaluate the concordance of the results obtained by HE staining and the calretinin method with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in fragments of mucosa and submucosa in the diagnosis of HD. METHODS: For this study, 50 cases from our laboratory were selected. The tissue material was embedded in paraffin. Sixty levels of each fragment were utilized for HE, and the other 3 levels were used for calretinin. These slides were analyzed under the microscope, photographed and classified as either positive for HD when no ganglion cells were found with nerve trunks present or as negative when ganglion cells were found. The results from reading the slides were compared with those of AChE. RESULTS: Of the 50 cases evaluated by the HE technique, only 5 contradicted the diagnosis based on AChE, with a Kappa value of 0.800 and an accuracy of 90%. In the comparison between calretinin and AChE, 8 cases were discordant, with a Kappa value of 0.676 and an accuracy of 84%. CONCLUSIONS: The concordance of results from AChE and HE methods was satisfactory, allowing for the potential use of the HE method for fragments of mucosa and submucosa as a valid alternative in the diagnosis of HD. The immunohistochemical technique of calretinin did not show good agreement with the AChE activity in our study.
Assuntos
Calbindina 2/metabolismo , Doença de Hirschsprung/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Reto/patologia , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Biópsia/métodos , Hematoxilina , Doença de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodosRESUMO
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome (CHH) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and characteristic hair, together with a myriad of other symptoms, being most common immunodeficiency and gastrointestinal complications. A 15-year-old Mexican male initially diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease and posterior immunodeficiency, presents to our department for genetic and complementary evaluation for suspected CHH. Physical, biochemical, and genetic studies confirmed CHH together with IGF-1 deficiency. For this reason, we propose IGF-1 replacement therapy for its well-known actions on hematopoiesis, immune function and maturation, and metabolism. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.