RESUMO
Among the diverse archeological relics of the past, the Cartagena de Indias Wall is one of the greatest representations of European cultural architecture in South America. To assess the implication of contamination on the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias - Colombia, a detailed, multi-analytical approach was conducted on components of the wall. Accumulated ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and superficial nano-particles (NPs) containing hazardous elements (HEs) on the wall were identified in an attempt to understand whether atmospheric pollution is hastening the depreciation of the structure itself. Mortar which at one point held the stones together is now weak and has fallen away in places. Irreparable damage is being done by salt spray, acid rain and the site's tropical humid climate. Several HEs and organic compounds found within the local environment are also contributing to the gradual deterioration of the construction. In this study, advanced microscopy analyses have been applied to understand the properties of UFPs and NPs deposited onto the wall's weathered external walls through exposure to atmospheric pollution. Several materials identified by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) can be detected using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The presence of anglesite, gypsum, hematite containing HEs, and several organic compounds modified due to moisture and contamination was found. Black crusts located on the structure could potentially serve as a source of HEs pollution and a probable hazard to not only to the ecosystem but also to human health.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Colômbia , Depreciação , Humanos , América do SulRESUMO
OBJETIVO: o objetivo do estudo foi analisar postagens sobre suicídio, depressão e população LGBT em blogs da plataforma Tumblr®. MÉTODO: estudo com abordagem qualitativa, que submeteu à análise temática postagens identificadas a partir da busca de palavras chave relacionadas ao comportamento suicida e população LGBT na plataforma TUMBLR. RESULTADOS: foram identificados 14 blogs, com 916 postagens. Os principais temas abordados estiveram relacionados a sofrimento intenso, comportamentos autodestrutivos, vulnerabilidade emocional, rejeição e autodepreciação. CONCLUSÃO: esses temas relevam importantes necessidades a serem investigadas e abordadas em intervenções para a promoção da saúde mental da comunidade LGBT no âmbito individual e coletivo.
OBJECTIVE: the aim of the study was to analyze posts on suicide, depression, and the LGBT population on Tumblr® platform blogs. METHOD: a study with a qualitative approach, which submitted to thematic analysis posts identified from the search for keywords related to suicidal behavior and LGBT population on the TUMBLR platform. RESULTS: 14 blogs were identified, with 916 posts. The main topics addressed were related to intense suffering, self-destructive behaviors, emotional vulnerability, rejection and self-depreciation. CONCLUSION: these themes reveal important needs to be investigated and addressed in interventions to promote mental health in the LGBT community at the individual and collective levels.
OBJETIVO: el objetivo del estudio fue analizar publicaciones sobre suicidio y depresión en la población LGBT en los blogs de la plataforma Tumblr®. MÉTODO: estudio con un enfoque cualitativo, que sometió a análisis temático publicaciones identificadas a partir de la búsqueda de palabras clave relacionadas con el comportamiento suicida y la población LGBT en la plataforma TUMBLR. RESULTADOS: se identificaron 14 blogs, con 916 publicaciones. Los principales temas abordados se relacionaron con el sufrimiento intenso, los comportamientos autodestructivos, la vulnerabilidad emocional, el rechazo y la autoestima. CONCLUSIÓN: estos temas revelan necesidades importantes que deben investigarse y abordarse en intervenciones para promover la salud mental en la comunidad LGBT a nivel individual y colectivo.
Assuntos
Autoimagem , Isolamento Social , Estresse Psicológico , Suicídio , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Internet , Depreciação , Depressão , Blog , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Redes Sociais OnlineRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Worldwide distribution of surgical interventions is unequal. Developed countries account for the majority of surgeries and information about non-cardiac operations in developing countries is scarce. The purpose of our study was to describe the epidemiological data of non-cardiac surgeries performed in Brazil in the last years. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This is a retrospective cohort study that investigated the time window from 1995 to 2007. We collected information from DATASUS, a national public health system database. The following variables were studied: number of surgeries, in-hospital expenses, blood transfusion related costs, length of stay and case fatality rates. The results were presented as sum, average and percentage. The trend analysis was performed by linear regression model. There were 32,659,513 non-cardiac surgeries performed in Brazil in thirteen years. An increment of 20.42% was observed in the number of surgeries in this period and nowadays nearly 3 million operations are performed annually. The cost of these procedures has increased tremendously in the last years. The increment of surgical cost was almost 200%. The total expenses related to surgical hospitalizations were more than $10 billion in all these years. The yearly cost of surgical procedures to public health system was more than $1.27 billion for all surgical hospitalizations, and in average, U$445.24 per surgical procedure. The total cost of blood transfusion was near $98 million in all years and annually approximately $10 million were spent in perioperative transfusion. The surgical mortality had an increment of 31.11% in the period. Actually, in 2007, the surgical mortality in Brazil was 1.77%. All the variables had a significant increment along the studied period: r square (r(2)) = 0.447 for the number of surgeries (P = 0.012), r(2) = 0.439 for in-hospital expenses (P = 0.014) and r(2) = 0.907 for surgical mortality (P = 0.0055). CONCLUSION: The volume of surgical procedures has increased substantially in Brazil through the past years. The expenditure related to these procedures and its mortality has also increased as the number of operations. Better planning of public health resource and strategies of investment are needed to supply the crescent demand of surgery in Brazil.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/economia , Brasil , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/tendências , Depreciação , Humanos , Assistência Perioperatória , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/tendências , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
El trabajo pretende apoyar a las Normas Básicas del Sistema de Administración de Bienes y Servicios en cuanto a la Administración de Activos fijos, muebles e inmuebles