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Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias - Colombia.
Oliveira, Marcos L S; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva, Luis F O; Dotto, Guilherme L; Maculan, Laércio Stolfo.
Afiliação
  • Oliveira MLS; Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Faculdade Meridional, IMED, 304, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil; Universidad de Lima, Departamento de Ingeniería civil y Arquitectura, Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600, Santiag
  • Neckel A; Faculdade Meridional, IMED, 304, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil. Electronic address: felipeqma@hotmail.com.
  • Silva LFO; Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
  • Dotto GL; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
  • Maculan LS; Faculdade Meridional, IMED, 304, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil.
Chemosphere ; 265: 129119, 2021 Feb.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33280849
Among the diverse archeological relics of the past, the Cartagena de Indias Wall is one of the greatest representations of European cultural architecture in South America. To assess the implication of contamination on the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias - Colombia, a detailed, multi-analytical approach was conducted on components of the wall. Accumulated ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and superficial nano-particles (NPs) containing hazardous elements (HEs) on the wall were identified in an attempt to understand whether atmospheric pollution is hastening the depreciation of the structure itself. Mortar which at one point held the stones together is now weak and has fallen away in places. Irreparable damage is being done by salt spray, acid rain and the site's tropical humid climate. Several HEs and organic compounds found within the local environment are also contributing to the gradual deterioration of the construction. In this study, advanced microscopy analyses have been applied to understand the properties of UFPs and NPs deposited onto the wall's weathered external walls through exposure to atmospheric pollution. Several materials identified by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) can be detected using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The presence of anglesite, gypsum, hematite containing HEs, and several organic compounds modified due to moisture and contamination was found. Black crusts located on the structure could potentially serve as a source of HEs pollution and a probable hazard to not only to the ecosystem but also to human health.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Monitoramento Ambiental / Ecossistema Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Colombia Idioma: En Revista: Chemosphere Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article País de publicação: Reino Unido
Texto completo
Adicionar na Minha BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Monitoramento Ambiental / Ecossistema Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Colombia Idioma: En Revista: Chemosphere Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article País de publicação: Reino Unido