RESUMO
Many owners feed their cats with homemade diets, which may not be able to supply all their nutritional needs. Felines have peculiarities in their protein metabolism, and essential amino acids and nutrients requirements found especially in animal tissues sources, hence unbalanced diets can lead to different diseases. Dietary adjustments have positive effects in the reduction of clinical signs caused by nutritional deficiencies. This case report describes some clinical repercussions in a cat fed with homemade vegetarian diet.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Deficiências Nutricionais/veterinária , Dieta Vegetariana/efeitos adversos , Dieta Vegetariana/veterinária , Deficiência de Proteína/dietoterapia , Deficiência de Proteína/veterináriaRESUMO
Many owners feed their cats with homemade diets, which may not be able to supply all their nutritional needs. Felines have peculiarities in their protein metabolism, and essential amino acids and nutrients requirements found especially in animal tissues sources, hence unbalanced diets can lead to different diseases. Dietary adjustments have positive effects in the reduction of clinical signs caused by nutritional deficiencies. This case report describes some clinical repercussions in a cat fed with homemade vegetarian diet.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Dieta Vegetariana/efeitos adversos , Dieta Vegetariana/veterinária , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Deficiências Nutricionais/veterinária , Deficiência de Proteína/dietoterapia , Deficiência de Proteína/veterináriaAssuntos
Deficiências Nutricionais/complicações , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Dermatoses da Mão/etiologia , Lipase Lipoproteica/deficiência , Xantomatose/etiologia , Criança , Deficiências Nutricionais/tratamento farmacológico , Dieta Redutora , Dermatoses da Mão/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Prognóstico , Doenças Raras , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Xantomatose/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
In the present study, thirty-five Nellore bulls were used to determine the effects of two levels and two sources (organic and inorganic) of Cu supplementation on the oxidative stability of lipids, measured by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) test, meat colour and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities. The following treatments were used: (1) control (C) - basal diet without supplementation of Cu (7 mg Cu/kg DM); (2) I10 - basal diet supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate (inorganic form); (3) I40 - basal diet supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate; (4) O10 - basal diet supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper proteinate (organic form); (5) O40 - basal diet supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper proteinate. Lipid oxidation was determined in meat samples exposed to display, modified atmosphere (MA) and vacuum packaging (VC) conditions and in liver samples using the TBARS test. These samples were also evaluated for meat discolouration after exposure to air. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px enzymes were determined in liver samples. In display, MA and VC conditions, the TBARS values of samples from animals supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM were lower than those of samples from control animals. There was no effect of treatment on the colour variables (L*, a*, b*). There was also no significant effect of treatment on hepatic TBARS concentrations and GSH-Px activity. Supplementation with Cu at 40 mg/kg, regardless of the source, induced higher hepatic SOD activity compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, Cu supplementation improved the oxidative stability of lipids in samples exposed to display, MA and VC conditions, demonstrating the antioxidant effect of this mineral.
Assuntos
Cobre/uso terapêutico , Deficiências Nutricionais/veterinária , Dieta/veterinária , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/enzimologia , Carne/análise , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Endogâmicos , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Bovinos , Cobre/administração & dosagem , Cobre/efeitos adversos , Cobre/deficiência , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Embalagem de Alimentos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Pigmentação , Superóxido Dismutase/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Introducción. La disminución de los depósitos de hierro constituye el primer eslabón de la cadena conducente a la deficiencia de hierro, la carencia nutricional más prevalente y principal causa de anemia en todo el mundo, situación que puede prevenirse mediante la fortificación de alimentos. Objetivo. Comparar la eficacia del hierro aminoquelado con el sulfato ferroso como fortificante de un complemento alimentario en preescolares con deficiencia de hierro. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico triple ciego con distribución aleatoria de grupos. Se analizaron 56 preescolares con deficiencia de hierro (ferritina menor de 24 ng/ml) a los que se les dio diariamente 13 g de leche con 12,5 mg de hierro,. Después de dos meses se midieron los niveles de hemoglobina, hematocrito y ferritina sérica. Resultados. En el grupo con sulfato ferroso la concentración de ferritina sérica aumentó de 18,8 a 24,1 ng/ml, mientras que dicha variación fue de 18,4 a 29,7 ng/ml con el hierro aminoquelado, en ambos casos con diferencias significativas. El nivel de ferritina final difirió según el grupo de estudio, siendo mayor en el grupo con hierro aminoquelado (p=0,022). La hemoglobina y el hematocrito no variaron después de la intervención. Las reacciones adversas en el grupo con sulfato ferroso fueron de 35,7 %, en contraste con el 42,9 % en el grupo con hierro aminoquelado; cinco niños presentaron infección de las vías respiratorias, sin diferencias estadísticas. Conclusiones. Los dos compuestos aumentan los niveles de ferritina, siendo mayor el aumento entre quienes toman leche con hierro aminoquelado. No fue diferente la incidencia de reacciones adversas o de infecciones entre los grupos.
Introduction: Iron depleted deposits are the first link in the chain of events leading to iron deficiency which is the most prevalent nutritional shortage and main cause of anemia worldwide. This situation can be prevented through food fortification. Objective: To compare the efficacy of amino acid chelate iron with ferrous sulfate as fortifier of a dietary complement in preschoolers with iron deficiency. Materials and methods: This study was a blinded clinical trial with randomized groups. We analyzed 56 preschoolers with iron deficiency (ferritin < 24 ng/ml) that received 13 g of milk with 12.5 mg of iron, either amino acid chelate or in the ferrous sulfate form. After two months, hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum ferritin concentrations were measured. Results: In the ferrous sulfate group, ferritin concentration increased from 18.8 ng/ml to 24.1 ng/ml, while the variation was of 18.4 ng/ml to 29.7 ng/ml in the amino acid chelate group, with statistically differences in both cases. Serum ferritin was different between groups, being higher in iron amino acid chelate group (p=0.022). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels did not change after the intervention. Adverse reactions in the ferrous sulfate group were 35.7%, compared with 42.9% in the iron amino acid chelate group; 5 children had respiratory tract infection, without statistical differences. Conclusions: Both compounds increased serum ferritin concentration, with a higher increase in those who were given milk with iron amino acid chelate. There were no differences in the adverse reactions and infections incidences between the groups.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Compostos Ferrosos/uso terapêutico , Quelantes de Ferro/uso terapêutico , Ferro/deficiência , Aminoácidos , Colômbia , Método Duplo-Cego , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and it generally affects the elderly. It has been suggested that diet is an intensively modifiable lifestyle factor that might reduce the risk of AD. Because epidemiological studies generally report the potential neuronal protective effects of various micronutrients, the aim of this study was to perform a literature review on the major nutrients that are related to AD, including selenium, vitamins C and E, transition metals, vitamin D, B-complex vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/dietoterapia , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Micronutrientes/deficiência , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Iron depleted deposits are the first link in the chain of events leading to iron deficiency which is the most prevalent nutritional shortage and main cause of anemia worldwide. This situation can be prevented through food fortification. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of amino acid chelate iron with ferrous sulfate as fortifier of a dietary complement in preschoolers with iron deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a blinded clinical trial with randomized groups. We analyzed 56 preschoolers with iron deficiency (ferritin < 24 ng/ml) that received 13 g of milk with 12.5 mg of iron, either amino acid chelate or in the ferrous sulfate form. After two months, hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum ferritin concentrations were measured. RESULTS: In the ferrous sulfate group, ferritin concentration increased from 18.8 ng/ml to 24.1 ng/ml, while the variation was of 18.4 ng/ml to 29.7 ng/ml in the amino acid chelate group, with statistically differences in both cases. Serum ferritin was different between groups, being higher in iron amino acid chelate group (p=0.022). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels did not change after the intervention. Adverse reactions in the ferrous sulfate group were 35.7%, compared with 42.9% in the iron amino acid chelate group; 5 children had respiratory tract infection, without statistical differences. CONCLUSIONS: Both compounds increased serum ferritin concentration, with a higher increase in those who were given milk with iron amino acid chelate. There were no differences in the adverse reactions and infections incidences between the groups.
Assuntos
Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Compostos Ferrosos/uso terapêutico , Quelantes de Ferro/uso terapêutico , Deficiências de Ferro , Aminoácidos , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre os níveis de hemoglobina, concentração de retinol sérico e estado nutricional em crianças de 6 a 59 meses de idade do estado da Paraíba. MÉTODOS: Corte transversal, de base populacional, envolvendo 1.108 crianças de 6 a 59 meses de idade, de ambos os sexos, do Estado da Paraíba. As concentrações de hemoglobina foram analisadas em sangue venoso por meio decontador automático, e as de retinol sérico por cromatografia líquida de alta resolução. Para a avaliação do estado nutricional energético-proteico, foram utilizados peso e estatura pelos índices: peso/idade, estatura/idade e peso/estatura em escores-Z. As proporções foram comparadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher, e a associação entre as concentrações de hemoglobina e de retinolemia e o estado nutricional, pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Observou-se prevalência de 36,5% (IC95%=33,7-39,3) de anemia (Hb<11,0 g/dL), 21,4% (IC95%=17,3-22,2) de hipovitaminose A (<0,70µmol/L), 7,3% (IC95%=5,8-8,8)) de desnutrição crônica (estatura/idade<-2), 1,3% (IC95%=0,6-2,0) de desnutrição global (peso/idade<-2), e 2,3% (IC95%=1,4-3,2) de desnutrição aguda (estatura/idade<-2). Na análise multivariada, observou-se associação direta entre anemia e retinolemia inadequada, assim como entre anemia e desnutrição crônica. CONCLUSÃO: A elevada prevalência da anemia e da hipovitaminose A impõe a adoção de medidas efetivas de prevenção e controle. A associação entre as carências nutricionais demonstrou que uma melhoria na retinolemia bem como no estado nutricional tende a reduzir a anemia no contexto estudado.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relationship among hemoglobin level, serum retinol level and nutritional status in children aged 6 to 59 months from the state of Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,108 children of both genders aged 06 to 59 months from the state of Paraíba. Hemoglobin (Hb) level in venous blood was determined by an automatic counter and serum retinol level by high-performance liquid chromatography. Protein-energy nutritional status was assessed by calculating the childrens weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores. Proportions were compared by the Pearsons chi-square and Fishers exact tests and the association of hemoglobin level with retinol level and nutritional status by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalences of anemia (Hb<11.0g/dL) and vitamin A deficiency (<0.70 µmol/L) were 36.5% (CI95% 33.7-39.3) and 21.4% (CI95% 17.3-22.2), respectively. The prevalences of chronic malnutrition (HAZ<-2), global malnutrition (weight-for-age<-2) and acute malnutrition (weight-for-height<-2) were 7.3% (CI95% 5.8-8.8), 1.3% (CI95% 0.6-2.0) and 2.3% (CI95% 1.4-3.2), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that anemia was directly associated with low serum retinol level and chronic malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The high prevalences of anemia and vitamin A deficiency require the implementation of effective prevention and control measures. The association between these nutritional deficiencies demonstrated that an improvement in serum retinol levels and nutritional status tends to reduce anemia in the study context.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Anemia Ferropriva , Antropometria , Deficiência de Vitamina A , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
Se revisó la bibliografía médica relacionada con la dietoterapia en los estados de disglucemia: desequilibrio metabólico de los carbohidratos que comienza a producirse desde la fase prediabética hasta la diabetes mellitus como tal, de cuyo análisis se extrajeron y resumieron aspectos básicos concernientes a características de la alteración, principios nutricionales, cálculo de la dieta según peso ideal e índice de masa corporal, así como importancia del tratamiento no farmacológico para prevenir la diabetes sacarina u otras complicaciones de esta enfermedad a largo plazo.
The medical literature related to the dietotherapy in the dysglycemia states was reviewed: metabolic imbalance of carbohydrates which begins to take place from the prediabetic phase to the diabetes mellitus as such. From its analysis, basic aspects concerning the characteristics of the change, nutritional principles, calculation of the diet according to the ideal weight and body mass index were collected and summarized, as well as the importance of the non pharmacological treatment to prevent the diabetes mellitus or other complications of this long term disease.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Glicemia , Dietoterapia , Deficiências Nutricionais/complicações , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Terapia Nutricional , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Vigilância Alimentar e NutricionalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Alterations in selenium (Se) status may result in suboptimal amounts of selenoproteins, which have been associated with increased oxidative stress levels. The Pro198Leu polymorphism at the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) gene is supposed to be functional. The response of Se status, GPx activity, and levels of DNA damage to a Se supplementation trial between the genotypes related to that polymorphism was investigated. METHODS: A randomized trial was conducted with 37 morbidly obese women. Participants consumed one Brazil nut, which provided approximately 290 µg of Se a day, for 8 wk. Blood Se concentrations, erythrocyte GPx activity, and DNA damage levels were measured at baseline and at 8 wk. The results were compared by genotypes. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies were 0.487, 0.378, and 0.135 for Pro/Pro (the wild-type genotype), Pro/Leu, and Leu/Leu, respectively. At baseline, 100% of the subjects were Se deficient, and after the supplementation, there was an improvement in plasma Se (P < 0.001 for Pro/Pro and Pro/Leu, P < 0.05 for Leu/Leu), erythrocyte Se (P = 0.00 for Pro/Pro and Pro/Leu, P < 0.05 for Leu/Leu), and GPx activity (P = 0.00 for Pro/Pro, P < 0.00001 for Pro/Leu, P < 0.001 for Leu/Leu). In addition, the Pro/Pro group showed a decrease in DNA damage after Brazil nut consumption compared with baseline (P < 0.005), and those levels were higher in Leu/Leu subjects compared with those with the wild-type genotype (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Consumption of one unit of Brazil nuts daily effectively increases Se status and increases GPx activity in obese women, regardless of GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism. However, the evaluated biomarkers showed distinct results in response to the supplementation when the polymorphism was considered.
Assuntos
Bertholletia/química , Dano ao DNA , Deficiências Nutricionais/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Obesidade Mórbida/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Selênio/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Genótipo , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Humanos , Terapia Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Nozes/química , Obesidade Mórbida/genética , Estresse Oxidativo , Selênio/deficiência , Selênio/farmacologia , Glutationa Peroxidase GPX1RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In patients who have undergone hemodialysis, large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced and, at higher concentrations, ROS are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. It has been proposed that selenium (Se) may exert an antiatherogenic influence by reducing oxidative stress. The richest known food source of selenium is the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, family Lecythidaceae), found in the Amazon region. We evaluated the effect of Brazil nut supplementation on blood levels of Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in patients on hemodialysis. METHODS: A total of 81 patients on hemodialysis (52.0±15.2 y old, average time on dialysis 82.3±91.4 mo, body mass index 24.9±4.4 kg/m(2)) from the RenalCor and RenalVida Clinics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were studied. All patients received one nut (around 5 g, averaging 58.1 µg Se/g) a day for 3 mo. The Se concentrations in the nuts and in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation (Hitachi, Z-500). GSH-Px levels were measured using Randox commercial kits. RESULTS: Plasma Se (18.8±17.4 µg/L) and erythrocyte (72.4±37.9 µg/L) levels were below the normal range before nut supplementation. After supplementation, the plasma level increased to 104.0±65.0 µg/L and erythrocytes to 244.1±119.5 µg/L (P<0.0001). The activity of GSH-Px also increased after supplementation, from 46.6±14.9 to 55.9±23.6 U/g of hemoglobin (P<0.0001). Before supplementation, 11% of patients had GSH-Px activity below the normal range (27.5-73.6 U/g of hemoglobin). After supplementation, all patients showed GSH-Px activity within the normal range. CONCLUSION: The data revealed that the investigated patients presented Se deficiency and that the consumption of only one Brazil nut a day (5 g) during 3 mo was effective to increase the Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in these patients, thus improving their antioxidant status.
Assuntos
Bertholletia , Deficiências Nutricionais/sangue , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Nozes , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Selênio/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Bertholletia/química , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Deficiências Nutricionais/enzimologia , Deficiências Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Registros de Dieta , Eritrócitos/química , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Nozes/química , Estresse Oxidativo , Selênio/análise , Selênio/deficiência , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/etiologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/fisiopatologia , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Necessidades Nutricionais , Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/metabolismo , Transtornos Mentais/dietoterapia , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/complicações , Cérebro/patologia , Dieta/métodos , Programas de Nutrição , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
You're in the gym and you stroll over to the refreshment counter and say " Can I have a bottle water please?" The seller asks " What kind?" You reply, "Bottled". He points to the wide variety of water bottles on display in the refrigerator - the colours are catchy, the labels are bold and you become confused when you are faced with the decision - plain water or water fortified with calcium, vitamin C or fibre? Sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes? Grapefruit, lime, cucumber, mango or strawberry flavoured? The natural element from the earth is not as simple as it once was and our expectations of it have grown. Over the years, consumers have got accustomed to seeing an increasing variety of bottled waters on the market. This has now been taken to a new level, with a new generation of fortified water being offered to consumers thirsty for the nutritional benefit they claim to offer.
Assuntos
Alimentos Fortificados , Água Potável , Águas Minerais , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapiaRESUMO
Fortification of a Petit Suisse cheese with zinc sulfate and zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine was used as a tool to overcome zinc-deficiency effects on total-body growth and skeletal growth. Animals were divided in 4 groups of 10 rats: basal (B), control (C), depletion-repletion 1 (DR1), and depletion-repletion 2 (DR2). These four groups were fed with four diets: basal (2 ppm Zn), control (30 ppm Zn), DR1, and DR2; they received a basal diet for 14 d and a control diet for the other 14 d of the experiment, using zinc sulfate for DR1 and zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine for DR2. After 28 d of the experiment, total-body weight and weight gain of the control and DR1 and DR2 animals were not statistically different (p<0.05), Femur weight and femur zinc content of DR1 and DR2 did not achieve the values of control animals (p<0.05), but they were higher than that of basal animals. Our results show that restoration of dietary zinc levels by means of food fortification normalized weight gain, as an indicator of total-body growth, and presented a trend to normalize bone weight, as a marker of skeletal growth, in young rats and independently of the zinc source used.
Assuntos
Queijo , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Alimentos Fortificados , Sulfato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/deficiência , Animais , Fêmur/anatomia & histologia , Fêmur/química , Gluconatos/uso terapêutico , Glicina/uso terapêutico , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análise , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Significant population variation has been demonstrated in serum leptin levels, independent of adiposity. Included within these populations, Ache males have significantly lower leptin levels compared to American subjects with comparable adiposity. The underlying causes of these differences are not understood but zinc has been shown to be an important regulator of leptin in humans and rodents. Zinc deficiency is associated with somatic wasting and significant declines in circulating leptin levels. Zinc deficiency is common in underdeveloped regions and may therefore contribute to low leptin levels among Ache men. To ascertain the potential role of zinc on Ache male leptin profiles, zinc supplementation was conducted to observe leptin responsiveness. Ache males were given daily oral zinc supplementation (50mg zinc gluconate) (n = 8) or placebo (n = 6) for 10 days. Serum leptin levels were measured on the first and last days of the treatment/placebo period. Despite supplementation exceeding triple the USDA recommended daily requirements, serum leptin levels did not change in the zinc-supplemented group (P = 0.61) and were not significantly different from males receiving placebo (P = 0.72). It is concluded that zinc is not likely to be a contributing factor in male Ache leptin profiles and that other sources of variation such as chronic energetic stresses affecting leptin production and perhaps receptor number or sensitivity should be considered.
Assuntos
Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Leptina/sangue , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Deficiências Nutricionais/etnologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraguai , Zinco/deficiênciaRESUMO
In 1966, the Honduran Ministry of Health conducted a national micronutrient survey of children 12-71 months old, which also included an assessment of the nutrition status of their mothers/caretakers. THe 1 126 mothers/caretakers who participated in the survey tended to be short and plump. About 15 percent of them were at obstetric risk by virtue of their short stature and/or low body weight. About 9 percent had chronic energy deficiency (CED), but 27 percent were at least 20 percent overweight. CED was associated with socioeconomic indicators of poverty. Risk factors for being at higher than grade 4, 5, or 6 of primary school, coming from a wealthier household, and living in San Pedro Sula or medium-sized cities. Among the women surveyed, 26 percent of nonpregnant and 32 percent of pregnant mothers/caretakers were anemic. The likely principal cause of anemia was the low intake of bioavailable iron from food and, in some cases, excessive iron loss associated with intestinal parasities, especially hookworm. Only 50 percent of the mothers/caretakers participating in this study had received iron during their last pregnancy, and just 13 percent had received postpartum vitamin A. The results highlighted the need to develop and implement an effective program to control iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age, including by fortifying such widely consumed foods as processed wheat and maize flour and by routinely administering iron supplements to high-risk groups. Postpartum vitamin A supplementation should be encouraged to protect both the mother and newborn infant against vitamin A deficiency (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Ciências da Nutrição , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional , Honduras , Dieta , Ferro da Dieta , Deficiências Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Deficiências Nutricionais/diagnóstico , Deficiências Nutricionais/complicaçõesRESUMO
The recovery diet used at the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, although correcting some of the abnormalities associated with malnutrition, has for several years been known to be unsuitable for this purpose. The standard regime is deficient in several vitamins, minerals, trace elements and even water; rehabilitation on this diet results in some abnormalities in blood biochemistry and an inadequate rate of lean tissue deposition with an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. In addition, the preparation and dispensation of the feeds is difficult as several additions have to be made. The need was therefore seen for a diet which would contain the nutrients lacking in the standard regimen, promote rapid growth of normal composition, and which could be easily prepared and dispensed. The test diet proposed for this purpose was fed to eight severely malnourished children throughout recovery, and the data collected were compared with that on several children previously recovered on the standard regimen. The results showed that although the test diet, MGM, was of a lower energy density than the standard diet, the energy intake was similar on both diets. The test children therefore compensated for the reduced energy density by increasing their volume of intake. Blood biochemistry of the children on the test diet was found to improve. They experienced no additional oxidant stress and their antioxidant status improved. Plasma concentrations of the trace elements zinc, copper and selenium increased during the period of rehabilitation. Recovery on the test diet resulted in a weight and height gain, cost of growth and rate of weight gain similar to that on the standard diet. The diet was found to be well absorbed, and the biochemistry of the blood improved. Other advantages are: the feeds are easily prepared, as all nutrients, vitamins and minerals are contained in the milk powder, and it is necessary only to add water. The risk of errors which are sometimes introduced due to weighing is therefore minimized. Energy content of the feed is 100 kcal/100g, thus providing for ease in calculation of prescribed intake, and energy content of feed taken. The test diet was found to be an improvement over the existing ward regimen, and with its easy preparation and dispensation was found to be suitable for use in hospitals, rehabilitation centres, and for rehabilitation in the home (AU)