RESUMO
Niedenzuella (Tetrapterys) multiglandulosa, a vine plant found in Brazil, has been correlated to outbreaks of poisoning in cattle and buffaloes, generating economic losses related to the death due to heart failure, miscarriage, abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the embryotoxic potential of the aqueous plant extract on in vitro bovine embryos. In vitro study was performed in five replicates of bovine embryo culture assigned in two groups: control, in vitro embryo culture medium without the aqueous plant extract; treated group, with addition of 2.7mg/mL of aqueous plant extract (10%) to the embryo culture on the sixth day of culture. Cleavage rate was evaluated at day 2 of the cell culture. Viability, hatchability and underdevelopment of blastocysts on the seventh, eighth, and ninth days (D7, D8, and D9, respectively) of culture were assessed under stereoscopic microscope. On day 7, blastocysts were submitted to TUNEL assay to determine apoptotic index. In vitro exposure of bovine embryos to of N. multiglandulosa resulted in reduced embryo development and survival, evaluated by dark cytoplasm indicating poor morphology and poor quality with marked reduction of hatchability. We observed a significant reduction of blastocyst production/number of cleaved embryos (60.6% vs 41.5%); reduction of blastocysts production/total number of matured bovine oocytes (35.1% vs 21.3%); and embryonic hatching rates (38.0% vs 10.0%). However, no effects were observed on the apoptotic rate. In conclusion, aqueous extract of N. multiglandulosa leaves reduces bovine embryo viability in vitro, suggesting possible detrimental effects on embryo development.(AU)
Niedenzuella (Tetrapterys) multiglandulosa, uma videira encontrada no Brasil, tem sido correlacionada a surtos de intoxicações em bovinos e búfalos, gerando perdas econômicas relacionadas à morte por insuficiência cardíaca, aborto, natimorto e mortalidade neonatal. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o potencial embriotóxico do extrato vegetal aquoso em embriões bovinos in vitro. O estudo in vitro foi realizado em cinco repetições de cultura de embriões bovinos distribuídos em dois grupos: controle, meio de cultura de embriões in vitro sem o extrato aquoso da planta; grupo tratado, com adição de 2,7mg / mL de extrato vegetal aquoso (10%) à cultura do embrião no sexto dia de cultivo. A taxa de clivagem foi avaliada no dia 2 da cultura de células. Viabilidade, eclodibilidade e subdesenvolvimento de blastocistos no sétimo, oitavo e nono dia (D7, D8 e D9, respectivamente) de cultura foram avaliados em microscópio estereoscópico. No dia 7, os blastocistos foram submetidos ao ensaio TUNEL para determinar o índice apoptótico. Observamos redução significativa da produção de blastocisto / número de embriões clivados (60,6% vs 41,5%); redução da produção de blastocistos / número total de oócitos bovinos maturados (35,1% vs 21,3%); e taxas de eclosão embrionária (38,0% vs 10,0%). No entanto, nenhum efeito foi observado na taxa de apoptose. Em conclusão, o extrato aquoso das folhas de N. multiglandulosa reduz a viabilidade do embrião bovino in vitro, sugerindo possíveis efeitos prejudiciais no desenvolvimento embrionário.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Oócitos , Intoxicação , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
Information on approaches to weaning zebu (Bos indicus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves is scarce in proportion to studies of breeds of B. taurus cattle, whetherdairy or beef. Little research has been done to test or validate methods evolved in cattle-ranching to these other species.Hence, expanding our understanding of appropriate, species specific methods of weaning could support the development ofapproaches or strategies that have the potential to improve animal welfare and productive performance in temperate or tropical climes. This review focuses on traditional and currentweaning strategies in an attempt to improve productivity and animal welfare for water buffaloes and zebus. For the case of the water buffalo, it examines common, routine weaningtechniques and procedures as well as novel approaches, while for the zebu it discusses abrupt versus gradual and early versuslate weaning as strategies and routines usually employed during this process. Finally, it analyses how new weaning techniques may reduce stress while enhancing productivity atthe same time. These approaches include fence-line weaning, nose-flaps (plastic devices that prevent the calf from grabbing a teat to suckle), restricted suckling and a section on practicaltips to decrease the stress induced by weaning in zebus. A better understanding of certain weaning techniques could, therefore, benefit calf welfare while simultaneously increasingcows' reproductive performance. Unfortunately, data on such approaches is scant, so despite published findings, several key issues remain unsolved living room for additional studies.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , DesmameRESUMO
Information on approaches to weaning zebu (Bos indicus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves is scarce in proportion to studies of breeds of B. taurus cattle, whetherdairy or beef. Little research has been done to test or validate methods evolved in cattle-ranching to these other species.Hence, expanding our understanding of appropriate, species specific methods of weaning could support the development ofapproaches or strategies that have the potential to improve animal welfare and productive performance in temperate or tropical climes. This review focuses on traditional and currentweaning strategies in an attempt to improve productivity and animal welfare for water buffaloes and zebus. For the case of the water buffalo, it examines common, routine weaningtechniques and procedures as well as novel approaches, while for the zebu it discusses abrupt versus gradual and early versuslate weaning as strategies and routines usually employed during this process. Finally, it analyses how new weaning techniques may reduce stress while enhancing productivity atthe same time. These approaches include fence-line weaning, nose-flaps (plastic devices that prevent the calf from grabbing a teat to suckle), restricted suckling and a section on practicaltips to decrease the stress induced by weaning in zebus. A better understanding of certain weaning techniques could, therefore, benefit calf welfare while simultaneously increasingcows' reproductive performance. Unfortunately, data on such approaches is scant, so despite published findings, several key issues remain unsolved living room for additional studies.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , DesmameRESUMO
Growth traits are important for the profitability of buffalo breeding systems, since in general, these animals are raised both for meat and milk. In this study, the single-step genomic BLUP method was employed to prospect the genomic regions' associated with weight at standard ages of 100, 210, 365, and 550 days in a buffalo population, aiming to identify genes with stronger expression for those characteristics. We found 6, 1, 2, and 5 SNPs significantly associated (p value < 10-5) with weight at 100, 210, 365, and 550 days of age, respectively, where those SNPs respectively explained 0.164, 0.040, 0.044, and 0.213% of the additive variance of each trait. SNP AX-85099682 (BBU24) was significant for weight at 100, 210, and 365 days, indicating the existence of a possible QTL affecting the initial growth rate of buffaloes. All told, eight genes (CBLB, TRNAG-UCC, GADD45B, LOC112583811, MGAT4C, KCNMA1, SLC5A2, and TGFB1I1) were identified as candidates for the growth traits of buffaloes. However, molecular and gene expression studies are necessary to validate these genes for subsequent use in programs for genetic improvement of the species.
Assuntos
Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Búfalos/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genômica/métodos , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Animais , Variação Genética , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Locos de Características QuantitativasRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior of twenty buffalo heifers reared during the dry season on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. The animals were distributed into two groups, those with shade (WS) and those without shade (WOS). The experimental day was divided into six shifts: morning (6:00 to 9:55 a.m.), intermediate (10:00 a.m. to 1:55 p.m.), afternoon (2:00 to 5:55 p.m.), evening (6:00 to 9:55 p.m.), night (10:00 p.m. to 1:55 a.m.), and early morning (2:00 to 5:55 a.m.). The WS group was kept in silvipastoral system paddocks, while the WOS group was kept in unshaded paddocks. Climatic data were registered and temperature and humidity index (THI) were calculated. Behavior data such as grazing, rumination, idle time, and other activities (walking, defecating, mounting, drinking water, urinating, eating salt) were evaluated. The results showed that the THI was higher in the WOS group. Grazing time was higher in the WOS group than in the WS group in the intermediate shift (p < 0.05), while in the afternoon, evening, and early morning shifts, the WS group spent more time grazing than the WOS group. In the intermediate and early morning shifts, the WS group spent more time ruminating (p < 0.05); the WS group ruminated more than the WOS group. The WOS group had more idle time, especially in the evening and early morning shifts (p < 0.05), while the WS group had more idle time in the intermediate shift (p < 0.05). We conclude that buffaloes graze and ruminate more intensely when they are reared in a shaded system on the island of Marajó.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Búfalos/metabolismo , Pastagens/análise , Meteorologia/análiseRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior of twenty buffalo heifers reared during the dry season on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. The animals were distributed into two groups, those with shade (WS) and those without shade (WOS). The experimental day was divided into six shifts: morning (6:00 to 9:55 a.m.), intermediate (10:00 a.m. to 1:55 p.m.), afternoon (2:00 to 5:55 p.m.), evening (6:00 to 9:55 p.m.), night (10:00 p.m. to 1:55 a.m.), and early morning (2:00 to 5:55 a.m.). The WS group was kept in silvipastoral system paddocks, while the WOS group was kept in unshaded paddocks. Climatic data were registered and temperature and humidity index (THI) were calculated. Behavior data such as grazing, rumination, idle time, and other activities (walking, defecating, mounting, drinking water, urinating, eating salt) were evaluated. The results showed that the THI was higher in the WOS group. Grazing time was higher in the WOS group than in the WS group in the intermediate shift (p < 0.05), while in the afternoon, evening, and early morning shifts, the WS group spent more time grazing than the WOS group. In the intermediate and early morning shifts, the WS group spent more time ruminating (p < 0.05); the WS group ruminated more than the WOS group. The WOS group had more idle time, especially in the evening and early morning shifts (p < 0.05), while the WS group had more idle time in the intermediate shift (p < 0.05). We conclude that buffaloes graze and ruminate more intensely when they are reared in a shaded system on the island of Marajó.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Búfalos/metabolismo , Meteorologia/análise , Pastagens/análiseRESUMO
This research aimed to assess the effects of dry season climate variables on Marajó Island, Brazil, on the thermoregulatory responses of twenty female buffaloes, assigned to shaded (SD), and unshaded groups (US). Data on air temperature (AT), relative air humidity, wind velocity (WV), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and body surface temperature (BST) were recorded at 6 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m., 6 p.m., and 10 p.m. The temperature and humidity index (THI), practical buffalo comfort climatic conditions index (BCCCIp), and practical buffalo environmental comfort index (BECIp) were calculated. At 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., WV was the highest. The RR of animals in both treatments differed only at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. A difference in RT between treatments was seen at 10 a.m., 2 a.m., and 6 p.m. Significant changes were seen in the BST of animals in both groups at 10 a.m., 2 p.m., and 10 p.m. BECIp was different between the groups at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., with higher values for the US group. Buffaloes are prone to thermal stress, particularly between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the highest values of AT, THI, and BCCCIp was observed.(AU)
Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do clima no período seco do ano, na Ilha de Marajó, Brasil, sobre as respostas termorreguladoras de vinte búfalas, divididas entre o grupo com sombra (CS) e o grupo sem sombra (SS). Os dados sobre temperatura do ar (TA), umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento (VV), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e temperatura da superfície corporal (TSC) foram registradas às 6h, 10h, 14h, 18h e 22h. Foram calculados o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), índice de condições climáticas de conforto para búfalos prático (BCCCIp) e índice de conforto ambiental para búfalos prático (BECIp). Às 10h e 14 horas, a VV foi mais elevada. A FR dos animais, em ambos os tratamentos, diferiu apenas às 10h e 14h. Houve diferença na TR entre os tratamentos às 10h, 14h e 18h. Diferenças significativas foram observadas na TSC dos animais, em ambos os grupos, às 10h, 14h e 22h. O BECIp diferiu entre os grupos às 10h e às 14h, com valores maiores para o grupo SS. Os búfalos são propensos ao estresse térmico, particularmente entre 10h e 14h, quando são observados valores mais altos de TA, ITU e BCCCIp.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterináriaRESUMO
This research aimed to assess the effects of dry season climate variables on Marajó Island, Brazil, on the thermoregulatory responses of twenty female buffaloes, assigned to shaded (SD), and unshaded groups (US). Data on air temperature (AT), relative air humidity, wind velocity (WV), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and body surface temperature (BST) were recorded at 6 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m., 6 p.m., and 10 p.m. The temperature and humidity index (THI), practical buffalo comfort climatic conditions index (BCCCIp), and practical buffalo environmental comfort index (BECIp) were calculated. At 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., WV was the highest. The RR of animals in both treatments differed only at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. A difference in RT between treatments was seen at 10 a.m., 2 a.m., and 6 p.m. Significant changes were seen in the BST of animals in both groups at 10 a.m., 2 p.m., and 10 p.m. BECIp was different between the groups at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., with higher values for the US group. Buffaloes are prone to thermal stress, particularly between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the highest values of AT, THI, and BCCCIp was observed.
Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do clima no período seco do ano, na Ilha de Marajó, Brasil, sobre as respostas termorreguladoras de vinte búfalas, divididas entre o grupo com sombra (CS) e o grupo sem sombra (SS). Os dados sobre temperatura do ar (TA), umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento (VV), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e temperatura da superfície corporal (TSC) foram registradas às 6h, 10h, 14h, 18h e 22h. Foram calculados o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), índice de condições climáticas de conforto para búfalos prático (BCCCIp) e índice de conforto ambiental para búfalos prático (BECIp). Às 10h e 14 horas, a VV foi mais elevada. A FR dos animais, em ambos os tratamentos, diferiu apenas às 10h e 14h. Houve diferença na TR entre os tratamentos às 10h, 14h e 18h. Diferenças significativas foram observadas na TSC dos animais, em ambos os grupos, às 10h, 14h e 22h. O BECIp diferiu entre os grupos às 10h e às 14h, com valores maiores para o grupo SS. Os búfalos são propensos ao estresse térmico, particularmente entre 10h e 14h, quando são observados valores mais altos de TA, ITU e BCCCIp.
Assuntos
Animais , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterináriaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different conditions of space allowance on reproductive performance and oxidative parameters, biochemical and hormonal profiles in buffalo. The trial was carried out on one hundred pluriparous buffaloes divided into two different groups. Buffaloes in group HDG (high density group - n = 50) were maintained in open yards that allowed 10 m2/head while those in group LDG (low density group -n = 50) were maintained in 22 m2/head. After 60 days, 45 buffaloes in each group underwent synchronization of ovulation by Ovsynch and were artificially inseminated to assess the reproductive efficiency. On the day of AI blood samples were collected to evaluate oxidative stress, hormonal and metabolic profile. Furthermore, on the same day, blood, saliva and hair samples were collected to assess cortisol levels. Simultaneously, Five buffaloes/group, were synchronized but not inseminated and on the day of the hypothetical timed artificial insemination (TAI), follicular fluid was recovered by OPU and blood samples were collected from each animal to evaluate the redox status on both plasma and follicular fluid. Conception rate on day 70 post-AI was similar between the two groups (57.5 vs. 62.5%, in LDG and HDG, respectively). No significant differences were found on redox status, metabolic and hormonal profile and cortisol levels between the groups. In conclusion, on the conditions of this experiment it was observed that the space allowance of 10 m 2/head did not affect reproductive efficiency in buffalo cows.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Búfalos/anatomia & histologia , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Comportamento Reprodutivo/classificação , Estresse Oxidativo , Bioquímica/classificaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different conditions of space allowance on reproductive performance and oxidative parameters, biochemical and hormonal profiles in buffalo. The trial was carried out on one hundred pluriparous buffaloes divided into two different groups. Buffaloes in group HDG (high density group - n = 50) were maintained in open yards that allowed 10 m2/head while those in group LDG (low density group -n = 50) were maintained in 22 m2/head. After 60 days, 45 buffaloes in each group underwent synchronization of ovulation by Ovsynch and were artificially inseminated to assess the reproductive efficiency. On the day of AI blood samples were collected to evaluate oxidative stress, hormonal and metabolic profile. Furthermore, on the same day, blood, saliva and hair samples were collected to assess cortisol levels. Simultaneously, Five buffaloes/group, were synchronized but not inseminated and on the day of the hypothetical timed artificial insemination (TAI), follicular fluid was recovered by OPU and blood samples were collected from each animal to evaluate the redox status on both plasma and follicular fluid. Conception rate on day 70 post-AI was similar between the two groups (57.5 vs. 62.5%, in LDG and HDG, respectively). No significant differences were found on redox status, metabolic and hormonal profile and cortisol levels between the groups. In conclusion, on the conditions of this experiment it was observed that the space allowance of 10 m 2/head did not affect reproductive efficiency in buffalo cows.
Assuntos
Animais , Búfalos/anatomia & histologia , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Comportamento Reprodutivo/classificação , Estresse Oxidativo , Bioquímica/classificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to assess the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of meat from buffaloes finished in a Traditional System (TS) or Traditional + Silvopastoral System (TSPS) with dietary supplementation. Crossbred Murrah × Mediterranean buffaloes were raised from weaning to slaughter in the TS (n = 15) or were raised in the traditional system and finished in the TSPS (n = 15). After finishing, animals were slaughtered and their carcasses refrigerated for 24 h. The right side of each half-carcass was cut between the 12th and 13th ribs and the Longissimus thoracis muscle was removed. The cranial part underwent analyses of pH, color, weight loss as a result of cooking, water holding capacity, texture and sensory characteristics, whereas the rest of the muscle underwent microbiological analyses and determination of the chemical composition, fatty acid profile and mineral content. RESULTS: No major difference between finishing systems was found (P > 0.05) in the physical analyses and chemical composition of meat. The percentage of myristic acid (C14:0) and the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids differed between treatments. The TS meat had the best 'characteristic meat aroma'. CONCLUSION: Considering the quality of meat produced in the TS or TSPS, it is concluded that finishing buffaloes in the pasture still represents the best alternative. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Búfalos/metabolismo , Carne/análise , Ração Animal/análise , Criação de Animais Domésticos/instrumentação , Animais , Brasil , Cruzamento , Búfalos/genética , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Músculo Esquelético/química , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismoRESUMO
As biotécnicas da reprodução representam uma alternativa promissora para incremento genético emcurto espaço de tempo nos animais domésticos e, em bubalinos, ganham maior notoriedade devido a ocorrênciade entraves reprodutivos, como manifestação discreta do estro e longo anestro pós-parto. Assim, a produção deembriões in vitro (PIVE) em bubalinos vem gradativamente ganhando mercado, apesar dos resultadosinconsistentes e inferiores quando comparado aos bovinos. Diante disso, o entendimento das etapas da PIVE,que inclui a maturação in vitro dos oócitos (MIV), a fertilização in vitro (FIV) e o cultivo in vitro (CIV) se faznecessário para melhor compreensão das mudanças e necessidades durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento dooócito e do embrião. Especificamente durante a MIV ocorrem inúmeras mudanças nos oócitos que irão interferirna sua capacidade de se tornar um embrião e a seleção dos oócitos mais viáveis e competentes pode incrementarsignificativamente as taxas de PIVE em bubalinos. Assim, métodos de avaliação precisos e confiáveis e oconhecimento profundo da cinética de desenvolvimento dos oócitos e embriões bubalinos são necessários para oestabelecimento de protocolos e meios específicos para estes, uma vez que, que na maioria das vezes osutilizados são extrapolados da espécie bovina.(AU)
The reproduction biotechnologies represent a promising alternative for genetic increase in short time indomestic animals. On buffaloes the gain are greater due to the occurrence of reproductive barriers such asdiscrete manifestation of estrus and long anoestrus postpartum. Thus, in vitro embryo production (IVEP) inbuffaloes is gradually gaining market share despite inconsistent and inferior results when compared to cattle.Thus, the understanding of the stages of IVEP, which includes the in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM), in vitrofertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) is needed to better understand the changes and needs during growthand development of the oocyte and embryo. Specifically during IVM occur numerous changes in oocytes that willinterfere with your ability to turn an embryo and the selection of the most viable and reliable oocytes cansignificantly increase PIVE rates in buffalo. Thus, accurate assessment and safe methods and a deep knowledgeof the buffalo oocytes and embryos development kinetics are needed to establish protocols and specific means tothem, since most that are used are extrapolated bovine species.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Búfalos/embriologia , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterináriaRESUMO
As biotécnicas da reprodução representam uma alternativa promissora para incremento genético emcurto espaço de tempo nos animais domésticos e, em bubalinos, ganham maior notoriedade devido a ocorrênciade entraves reprodutivos, como manifestação discreta do estro e longo anestro pós-parto. Assim, a produção deembriões in vitro (PIVE) em bubalinos vem gradativamente ganhando mercado, apesar dos resultadosinconsistentes e inferiores quando comparado aos bovinos. Diante disso, o entendimento das etapas da PIVE,que inclui a maturação in vitro dos oócitos (MIV), a fertilização in vitro (FIV) e o cultivo in vitro (CIV) se faznecessário para melhor compreensão das mudanças e necessidades durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento dooócito e do embrião. Especificamente durante a MIV ocorrem inúmeras mudanças nos oócitos que irão interferirna sua capacidade de se tornar um embrião e a seleção dos oócitos mais viáveis e competentes pode incrementarsignificativamente as taxas de PIVE em bubalinos. Assim, métodos de avaliação precisos e confiáveis e oconhecimento profundo da cinética de desenvolvimento dos oócitos e embriões bubalinos são necessários para oestabelecimento de protocolos e meios específicos para estes, uma vez que, que na maioria das vezes osutilizados são extrapolados da espécie bovina.
The reproduction biotechnologies represent a promising alternative for genetic increase in short time indomestic animals. On buffaloes the gain are greater due to the occurrence of reproductive barriers such asdiscrete manifestation of estrus and long anoestrus postpartum. Thus, in vitro embryo production (IVEP) inbuffaloes is gradually gaining market share despite inconsistent and inferior results when compared to cattle.Thus, the understanding of the stages of IVEP, which includes the in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM), in vitrofertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) is needed to better understand the changes and needs during growthand development of the oocyte and embryo. Specifically during IVM occur numerous changes in oocytes that willinterfere with your ability to turn an embryo and the selection of the most viable and reliable oocytes cansignificantly increase PIVE rates in buffalo. Thus, accurate assessment and safe methods and a deep knowledgeof the buffalo oocytes and embryos development kinetics are needed to establish protocols and specific means tothem, since most that are used are extrapolated bovine species.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Búfalos/embriologia , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterináriaRESUMO
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of crude protein (CP) levels in the diet of growing female buffaloes on nitrogen metabolism and estimate protein requirements for maintenance. Four female buffaloes were used, cannulated in the rumen, with an average initial body weight (BW) of 355 ± 3.5 kg, in a Latin square (4 × 4) with four animals and four levels of CP in the diet (70, 90, 110, and 130 g/kg dry matter (DM)) composed of corn silage and concentrate. The increase in protein intake with increasing levels of dietary CP resulted in a higher concentration of ammonia in the rumen and higher ruminal disappearance of PB. However, omasal flow of protein increased linearly as did the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The CP levels affected DM intake and other nutrients positively, but there was no effect on nutrient total digestibility. Nitrogen (N) balance, when expressed relative to N intake, had an average value of 48.5 % observed across. The protein requirement for the maintenance of growing female buffaloes was 4.6 g CP/kg BW(0.75).
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Digestão , Feminino , Rúmen/metabolismo , Silagem/análiseRESUMO
Genealogy and productive information of 48621 dual-purpose buffaloes born in Colombia between years 1996 and 2014 was used. The following traits were assessed using one-trait models: milk yield at 270 days (MY270), age at first calving (AFC), weaning weight (WW), and weights at the following ages: first year (W12), 18 months (W18), and 2 years (W24). Direct additive genetic and residual random effects were included in all the traits. Maternal permanent environmental and maternal additive genetic effects were included for WW and W12. The fixed effects were: contemporary group (for all traits), sex (for WW, W12, W18, and W24), parity (for WW, W12, and MY270). Age was included as covariate for WW, W12, W18 and W24. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using the genetic values of 133 breeding males whose breeding-value reliability was higher than 50% for all the traits in order to define the number of principal components (PC) which would explain most of the variation. The highest heritabilities were for W18 and MY270, and the lowest for AFC; with 0.53, 0.23, and 0.17, respectively. The first three PCs represented 66% of the total variance. Correlation of the first PC with meat production traits was higher than 0.73, and it was -0.38 with AFC. Correlations of the second PC with maternal genetic component traits for WW and W12 were above 0.75. The third PC had 0.84 correlation with MY270. PCA is an alternative approach for analyzing traits in dual-purpose buffaloes and reduces the dimension of the traits.
Assuntos
Búfalos/genética , Animais , Peso Corporal/genética , Cruzamento , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Búfalos/fisiologia , Colômbia , Feminino , Masculino , Carne , Leite , Modelos Genéticos , Análise Multivariada , Gravidez , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
Male (n=66) water buffalo (Buffalo) and Brahman-influenced cattle (Brahman) were born, raised, weaned, fattened on grazing savannah and harvested at two different ages (19 and 24months) to compare lipid composition of the longissimus thoracis muscle. Half of the animals were castrated at seven months of age (MOA) to examine the castration effects. At 24 MOA Brahman steers showed the highest content of total lipids (P<0.05). No significant variation was detected in cholesterol content for either the main or interaction effects in the age groups. Some individual fatty acids varied with the species (P<0.05), however, interspecific similarities were found in fatty acid ratios. For health-related indices, only atherogenic index (AI) showed lower values in favor of Buffalo meat (P<0.05) at both harvesting ages. Although, meat derived from both bovid groups was leaner and showed lower cholesterol level, AI indicates that Buffalo meat might be beneficial from a human health standpoint.
Assuntos
Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Colesterol na Dieta/análise , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/análise , Herbivoria , Carne/análise , Músculo Esquelético/química , Matadouros , Animais , Músculos do Dorso/química , Músculos do Dorso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Músculos do Dorso/metabolismo , Búfalos/metabolismo , Bovinos/metabolismo , Colesterol/análise , Colesterol/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Valor Nutritivo , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Especificidade da Espécie , VenezuelaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of inbreeding depression on traits of buffaloes from Brazil. Specifically, the traits studied were body weight at 205 and 365 days of age, average daily gain from birth to 205 days (ADG_205), average daily gain between 205 and 365 days (ADG205_365) in Mediterranean buffaloes, and milk yield, lactation length, age of first calving and calving intervals in Murrah buffaloes. Inbreeding effects on the traits were determined by fitting four regression models (linear, quadratic, exponential and Michaelis-Menten) about the errors generated by the animal model. The linear model was only significant (P < 0.05) for growth traits (exception of ADG205_365). The exponential and Michaelis-Menten models were significant (P < 0.01) for all the studied traits while the quadratic model was not significant (P > 0.05) for any of the traits. Weight at 205 and 365 days of age decreased 0.25 kg and 0.39 kg per 1% of increase in inbreeding, respectively. The inbred animals (F = 0.25) produced less milk than non-inbred individuals: 50.4 kg of milk. Moreover, calving interval increased 0.164 days per 1% of increase in inbreeding. Interestingly, inbreeding had a positive effect on age at first calving and lactation length, decreasing age of first calving and increasing lactation length.
Assuntos
Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Búfalos/genética , Endogamia , Reprodução/genética , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Feminino , Lactação/genética , Modelos Estatísticos , Gravidez , Aumento de Peso/genéticaRESUMO
Fue realizada una experiencia con el objetivo de determinar la evolución del desarrollo reproductivo y crecimiento en hembras y machos de las razas Mediterránea a diferentes edades, criados bajo condiciones de pastura natural en el norte de Corrientes, Argentina. Fueron evaluados un total de 370 machos, Experimento 1 con edades a partir de los 7 meses GW (destete), G18 (18-20 meses), G24 (24-30 meses) y G36 (>36 meses). Fueron evaluados en ellos, el peso Corporal (PC), PE (perímetro escrotal), PT (perímetro torácico), AS (altura al sacro), AC (altura a la cruz), LTI y LTD (largo y ancho de cada testículo y ST (superficie testicular), como así también se estimó el CTD (crecimiento testicular diario). Las características evaluadas en las hembras,Experimento 2, fueron el PC al destete, 12 y 24 meses de edad, la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) y los resultadosde preñez al año y 24 meses de edad. Los datos por Grupo fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva. (AU)
An experiment was done with the objective of determining the evolution of the growth of reproductive development in females and males from the Mediterrânea breed at different ages, raised in natural pastures in the north of Corrientes, Argentina. A total of 370 males were evaluated in Experiment 1, with ages starting at 7 months: GW (weaning), G18 (18-20 months), G24 (24-30 months) and G36 (>36 months). There were evaluated, body weight, scrotal perimeter, chest perimeter, sacral hight, scapular hight, wide and lenght of each testicle and testicular surface, as well as the daily testicular growth was measured. The characteristics evaluated in the females, Experiment 2, were body weight at weaning, at 12 and 24 months of age, daily weight gain and the results of gestation at one year and at 24 months of age. The data per group were analyzed by descriptive statistics.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desenvolvimento Sexual , PrenhezRESUMO
Fue realizada una experiencia con el objetivo de determinar la evolución del desarrollo reproductivo y crecimiento en hembras y machos de las razas Mediterránea a diferentes edades, criados bajo condiciones de pastura natural en el norte de Corrientes, Argentina. Fueron evaluados un total de 370 machos, Experimento 1 con edades a partir de los 7 meses GW (destete), G18 (18-20 meses), G24 (24-30 meses) y G36 (>36 meses). Fueron evaluados en ellos, el peso Corporal (PC), PE (perímetro escrotal), PT (perímetro torácico), AS (altura al sacro), AC (altura a la cruz), LTI y LTD (largo y ancho de cada testículo y ST (superficie testicular), como así también se estimó el CTD (crecimiento testicular diario). Las características evaluadas en las hembras,Experimento 2, fueron el PC al destete, 12 y 24 meses de edad, la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) y los resultadosde preñez al año y 24 meses de edad. Los datos por Grupo fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva.
An experiment was done with the objective of determining the evolution of the growth of reproductive development in females and males from the Mediterrânea breed at different ages, raised in natural pastures in the north of Corrientes, Argentina. A total of 370 males were evaluated in Experiment 1, with ages starting at 7 months: GW (weaning), G18 (18-20 months), G24 (24-30 months) and G36 (>36 months). There were evaluated, body weight, scrotal perimeter, chest perimeter, sacral hight, scapular hight, wide and lenght of each testicle and testicular surface, as well as the daily testicular growth was measured. The characteristics evaluated in the females, Experiment 2, were body weight at weaning, at 12 and 24 months of age, daily weight gain and the results of gestation at one year and at 24 months of age. The data per group were analyzed by descriptive statistics.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Búfalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desenvolvimento Sexual , PrenhezRESUMO
Foram avaliados registros de manejo reprodutivo de búfalos das raças Jafarabadi, Murrah, Mediterrâneo, Carabao e Tipo Baio, bem como seus mestiços, no período de 1983 a 2005. Estudaram-se as características reprodutivas: idade à primeira cria (média de 1052,52±120,45 dias), intervalo de partos (média de 399,69±23,78 dias), eficiência reprodutiva (média de 91,09±1,89%), fertilidade real adaptada (média de 29,30±4,40 quilogramas de bezerro parido por ano), produtividade ao primeiro parto adaptada (média de 33,75±6,89 quilogramas) e produtividade acumulada adaptada (média de 22,86±6,55 quilogramas de bezerro parido por ano). Foram verificadas influências do ano de parto e o grau de sangue da fêmea sobre as características estudadas, o que indica que tais efeitos devem ser incluídos na avaliação genética e na seleção dos animais. Os índices produtivos utilizados mostraram-se de grande valia para a seleção, devendo ser mais estudadas suas interações relativas ao desempenho geral do rebanho.
We evaluated records of reproductive management Jaffarabadi buffalo breeds, Murrah, Mediterranean, Carabao and Baio types, and their crosses, in the period from 1983 to 2005. We studied the following reproductive characteristics: Age at first calving (mean 1052.52±120.45 days), calving interval (399.69±23.78 mean days), Reproductive Efficiency (average 91.09±1, 89%), Real Adapted Fertility (average 29.30±4.40kg calf calved each year), the First Labor Productivity Adapted (mean 33.75±6.89kg) and Accumulated Productivity Adapted (mean 22.86±6.55kg calf calved each year). Influences were observed in the year of delivery and degree of blood on the female traits, suggesting that such effects should be included in genetic evaluation and selection of animals. The production indices used were of great value for the selection, and should be well studied for their interactions with the overall performance of the herd.