RESUMO
To verify a possible synergistic effect of smoking and varicocele on the seminal plasma proteome and biological functions, a cross-sectional study was performed in 25 smokers and 24 nonsmokers. Samples were used for conventional semen analysis, functional analysis (DNA fragmentation, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity) and proteomics by a shotgun approach. Functional enrichment of biological pathways was performed in differentially expressed proteins. Smokers presented lower ejaculate volume (p = .027), percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (p = .002), total sperm count (p = .039), morphology (p = .001) and higher percentage of immotile spermatozoa (p = .03), round cell (p = .045) and neutrophil count (p = .009). Smokers also presented lower mitochondrial activity and acrosome integrity and higher DNA fragmentation. We identified and quantified 421 proteins in seminal plasma, of which one was exclusive, 21 were overexpressed and 70 were underexpressed in the seminal plasma of smokers. The proteins neprilysin, beta-defensin 106A and histone H4A were capable of predicting the smoker group. Enriched functions were related to immune function and sperm machinery in testis/epididymis. Based on our findings, we can conclude that cigarette smoking leads to the establishment of inflammatory protein pathways in the testis/epididymis in the presence of varicocele that seems to act in synergy with the toxic components of the cigarette.
Assuntos
Fumar Cigarros/efeitos adversos , Infertilidade Masculina/imunologia , Sêmen/química , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/análise , Varicocele/complicações , Acrossomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Acrossomo/imunologia , Acrossomo/patologia , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Epididimo/irrigação sanguínea , Epididimo/efeitos dos fármacos , Epididimo/imunologia , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , não Fumantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Proteômica/estatística & dados numéricos , Sêmen/imunologia , Sêmen/metabolismo , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Fumantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Testículo/irrigação sanguínea , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/imunologia , Nicotiana/toxicidade , Varicocele/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Several studies have reported a global decline in seminal quality over the years. The objective of this study was to describe the semen donor population of Uruguay through comparing data of successive samples banked by the same donors and the analysis of their semen and physical characteristics, ancestry origin and educational level. A total of 3,449 ejaculated samples collected from 71 donors, cryobanked between 1989 and March 2017 at Fertilab, were analysed. Results revealed a mean age of 23.90 ± 3.98 years, an average weight of 74.95 ± 1.09 kg and a mean height of 1.78 ± 0.06 m. The majority of the donors trace their origin to Europe (74.65%, 53/71) and 66.19% (47/71) have a level of education higher than secondary school. We observed longitudinal differences in two parameters, that is sperm concentration and semen volume. Sperm concentration declined, while semen volume increased significantly over the 28-year period. The results of the present study are in accordance with that of previous articles that also reported a decline in sperm concentration over time. However, no differences were observed in total sperm number per ejaculate due to the increase in semen volume values, thus reflecting no real changes in sperm production over time.
Assuntos
Doadores de Tecidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Uruguai , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to identify the prevalence of HPV in the semen of men submitted to ART treatment and look into the possible impacts of the virus on sperm parameters. METHODS: Thirty-five patients treated for infertility from March to August 2016 were invited to join the study. Samples with a minimum concentration of 40x106 spermatozoa per milliliter were included in the study. After the evaluation of semen parameters, DNA extraction and PCR were performed to verify the presence of HPV by electrophoresis in 8% polyacrylamide gel. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 27 to 68 years (mean 39.2 years). Semen analysis showed a mean volume of 2.5mL; mean concentration of 58.9x106; and mean motility of 51.8%. HPV DNA was identified in seven semen samples from 25 patients (28%). Ten samples with DNA concentrations below 10ng/µL were excluded from the study due to poor amplification quality. There was no statistical difference in sperm concentration when HPV-negative and HPV-positive samples were compared (65.9x106 vs. 62.3x106; p=0.70). However, sperm motility was significantly higher in HPV-positive semen (65% vs. 46.6%; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: HPV prevalence was 28% in the semen of patients submitted to ART treatment. HPV-positive samples had statistically increased motility compared to negative samples (65% vs. 46.6%; p=0.02).
Assuntos
Infertilidade Masculina , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida , Sêmen/virologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Hospitais Privados , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/epidemiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
This study was designed to evaluate the possible benefits of adding xanthan gum to a standard extender for equine through in vitro analyzes of sperm quality. Semen was collected four times from five different stallions (n= 20 samples) and subjected to cooled storage under different conditions: control (only standard extender) and three different concentrations of xanthan gum (0.01%, 0.12%, and 0.25%) supplemented to the extenders. Sperm parameters, such as motility, mitochondrial functionality, and membrane, acrosome, and DNA integrity were measured after 0h, 24h, 48h, and 72h of sperm storage at 5ºC. Our observations indicated that sperm motility declined with longer cooling period with the 0.25% xanthan gum supplementation group compared with the control group. Other parameters, such as mitochondrial functionality and membrane and acrosome integrity also declined for all treatments during storage; however, no differences were observed between xanthan gum and control groups. DNA integrity did not significantly change during the storage. In conclusion, the addition of xanthan gum to equine semen extender is not harmful to the sperm structure, despite reducing the sperm motility.(AU)
Esse estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os possíveis benefícios de acrescentar xanthan gum a um extensor padrão através de analises in vitro de qualidade de esperma. Semen foi coletado quatro vezes de cinco garanhões diferentes (n = 20 amostras) e submetido a armazenamen to resfriado em diferentes condições: controle (apenas extensor padrão) e três diferentes concentrações de xanthan gum (0,01%, 0,12% e 0,25%) suplementado aos extensores. Parâmetros dos espermatozoides, como mobilidade, funcionamento mitocondrial e integridade de membranas, acrossomos e DNA forma medidos após 0h, 24h, 48h e 72h de armazenamento a 5oC. Nossas observações indicaram que motilidade reduziu com armazenamento resfriado prolongado no grupo de 0,25% de suplementação de xanthan gum comparado ao grupo controle. Outros parâmetros, como funcionalidade mitocondrial e integridade de membrana e acrossomos também reduziu em todos os tratamentos durante o armazenamento, no entanto não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre grupos tratados e grupo controle. Integridade de DNA não mudou significativamente durante armazenamento. Em conclusão, a adição de xanthan gum a extensor de sêmen equino não é danosa à estrutura do espermatozoide apesar de reduzir motilidade.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Cavalos/embriologiaRESUMO
This study was designed to evaluate the possible benefits of adding xanthan gum to a standard extender for equine through in vitro analyzes of sperm quality. Semen was collected four times from five different stallions (n= 20 samples) and subjected to cooled storage under different conditions: control (only standard extender) and three different concentrations of xanthan gum (0.01%, 0.12%, and 0.25%) supplemented to the extenders. Sperm parameters, such as motility, mitochondrial functionality, and membrane, acrosome, and DNA integrity were measured after 0h, 24h, 48h, and 72h of sperm storage at 5ºC. Our observations indicated that sperm motility declined with longer cooling period with the 0.25% xanthan gum supplementation group compared with the control group. Other parameters, such as mitochondrial functionality and membrane and acrosome integrity also declined for all treatments during storage; however, no differences were observed between xanthan gum and control groups. DNA integrity did not significantly change during the storage. In conclusion, the addition of xanthan gum to equine semen extender is not harmful to the sperm structure, despite reducing the sperm motility.(AU)
Esse estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os possíveis benefícios de acrescentar xanthan gum a um extensor padrão através de analises in vitro de qualidade de esperma. Semen foi coletado quatro vezes de cinco garanhões diferentes (n = 20 amostras) e submetido a armazenamen to resfriado em diferentes condições: controle (apenas extensor padrão) e três diferentes concentrações de xanthan gum (0,01%, 0,12% e 0,25%) suplementado aos extensores. Parâmetros dos espermatozoides, como mobilidade, funcionamento mitocondrial e integridade de membranas, acrossomos e DNA forma medidos após 0h, 24h, 48h e 72h de armazenamento a 5oC. Nossas observações indicaram que motilidade reduziu com armazenamento resfriado prolongado no grupo de 0,25% de suplementação de xanthan gum comparado ao grupo controle. Outros parâmetros, como funcionalidade mitocondrial e integridade de membrana e acrossomos também reduziu em todos os tratamentos durante o armazenamento, no entanto não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre grupos tratados e grupo controle. Integridade de DNA não mudou significativamente durante armazenamento. Em conclusão, a adição de xanthan gum a extensor de sêmen equino não é danosa à estrutura do espermatozoide apesar de reduzir motilidade.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Cavalos/embriologiaRESUMO
To date, no studies have been performed evaluating the effect of boar spermatozoa concentration in 0.5mL freezing straws, leading us to examine this question. Each sperm-rich fraction of the ejaculate (n=25) was diluted at five different sperm concentrations (100, 200, 300, 600 and 800 x 106 spermatozoa/mL), packaged in 0.5mL straws, and subsequently frozen. After thawing, the sperm from all of treatment groups were analyzed to determine motility characteristics using a sperm class analyzer (SCA-CASA), and their plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and fluidity were analyzed by flow cytometry. An increase in spermatozoa concentration above 300x106 spermatozoa/mL in a 0.5mL straw impaired (p<0.05) the total and progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, linearity and beat cross frequency. However, the plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane lipid peroxidation and fluidity were not influenced (p>0.05) by high spermatozoa concentrations at freezing. Therefore, to increase spermatozoa survival and total and progressive motility after thawing, boar spermatozoa should be frozen at concentrations up to 300x106 spermatozoa/mL.(AU)
Até o momento, não foram realizados estudos que avaliassem o efeito da concentração de espermatozoides/mL em palhetas (0,5mL) para a criopreservação, levando-nos a analisar esta questão. Cada fração-rica do ejaculado (n=25) foi diluída em cinco diferentes concentrações de espermatozoides (100, 200, 300, 600 e 800x106 espermatozoides/mL), envasadas em palhetas de 0,5mL e posteriormente congeladas. Após a descongelação, os espermatozoides de todos os tratamentos foram avaliados a fim de determinar as características de motilidade usando um sistema de análise computadorizada dos espermatozoides (SCA-CASA). A integridade das membranas plasmática e acrosomal, o potencial de membrana mitocondrial, a peroxidação lipídica e a fluidez da membrana foram analisadas por citometria de fluxo. O aumento na concentração de espermatozoides acima de 300x106 espermatozoides/mL diminuiu (p<0,05) a motilidade total e progressiva, velocidade curvilínea, velocidade linear, linearidade e frequência de batimento. No entanto, a integridade da membrana plasmática e acrosomal, potencial de membrana mitocondrial, peroxidação lipídica e fluidez de membrana não foram influenciados (p>0,05) por altas concentrações de espermatozoides durante a criopreservação. Portanto, a fim de melhorar a sobrevivência dos espermatozoides suínos e a motilidade total e progressiva após a descongelação, os espermatozoides suínos devem ser congelados a concentrações não superiores a 300x106 espermatozoides/mL.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/embriologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
To date, no studies have been performed evaluating the effect of boar spermatozoa concentration in 0.5mL freezing straws, leading us to examine this question. Each sperm-rich fraction of the ejaculate (n=25) was diluted at five different sperm concentrations (100, 200, 300, 600 and 800 x 106 spermatozoa/mL), packaged in 0.5mL straws, and subsequently frozen. After thawing, the sperm from all of treatment groups were analyzed to determine motility characteristics using a sperm class analyzer (SCA-CASA), and their plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and fluidity were analyzed by flow cytometry. An increase in spermatozoa concentration above 300x106 spermatozoa/mL in a 0.5mL straw impaired (p<0.05) the total and progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, linearity and beat cross frequency. However, the plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane lipid peroxidation and fluidity were not influenced (p>0.05) by high spermatozoa concentrations at freezing. Therefore, to increase spermatozoa survival and total and progressive motility after thawing, boar spermatozoa should be frozen at concentrations up to 300x106 spermatozoa/mL.(AU)
Até o momento, não foram realizados estudos que avaliassem o efeito da concentração de espermatozoides/mL em palhetas (0,5mL) para a criopreservação, levando-nos a analisar esta questão. Cada fração-rica do ejaculado (n=25) foi diluída em cinco diferentes concentrações de espermatozoides (100, 200, 300, 600 e 800x106 espermatozoides/mL), envasadas em palhetas de 0,5mL e posteriormente congeladas. Após a descongelação, os espermatozoides de todos os tratamentos foram avaliados a fim de determinar as características de motilidade usando um sistema de análise computadorizada dos espermatozoides (SCA-CASA). A integridade das membranas plasmática e acrosomal, o potencial de membrana mitocondrial, a peroxidação lipídica e a fluidez da membrana foram analisadas por citometria de fluxo. O aumento na concentração de espermatozoides acima de 300x106 espermatozoides/mL diminuiu (p<0,05) a motilidade total e progressiva, velocidade curvilínea, velocidade linear, linearidade e frequência de batimento. No entanto, a integridade da membrana plasmática e acrosomal, potencial de membrana mitocondrial, peroxidação lipídica e fluidez de membrana não foram influenciados (p>0,05) por altas concentrações de espermatozoides durante a criopreservação. Portanto, a fim de melhorar a sobrevivência dos espermatozoides suínos e a motilidade total e progressiva após a descongelação, os espermatozoides suínos devem ser congelados a concentrações não superiores a 300x106 espermatozoides/mL.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/embriologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Several studies have addressed the impact of viral infections on male infertility. However, it is still unknown whether human papillomavirus (HPV) can alter seminal parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in the semen of male partners of couples seeking fertility evaluation. Additionally, we assessed the possibility that HPV infections affect seminal parameters. A total of 229 semen samples were collected from men in the Sperm Analysis Section of São Camilo Laboratory of Maringá, Brazil, between October 2015 and March 2016. Basic seminal parameters were analyzed, and HPV was detected and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. HPV DNA was detected in 16.6% of samples. Of these, 10.5% had single type HPV infections, 6.1% had multiple HPV infections, 5.7% had exclusively high-risk HPV, and 6.1% had exclusively low-risk HPV. Samples positive for single and multiple types of HPV were associated with abnormal viscosity, and samples positive for multiple HPV types were also associated with hypospermia, higher pH, and increased leukocyte numbers. These findings suggest that the male partners of infertile couples with seminal HPV infections may have prostate disturbances indicative of glandular dysfunction, which may influence fertility.
Assuntos
Infertilidade Masculina , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Sêmen/virologia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , DNA Viral/genética , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/epidemiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/fisiopatologia , Infertilidade Masculina/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the levels of microbial contamination in semen samples before and after the micro swim-up (MSU) procedure in intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The new method is an upgrade to the classic wash swim-up procedure. METHODS: Semen analysis and microbiological tests were carried out before and after the MSU procedure. A total of twenty semen samples were analyzed. RESULTS: Pathogens were observed in semen samples only before MSU and never after ICSI. Microbiological tests revealed a large prevalence of gram-positive cocci [Staphylococcus spp. (n=16, 80%) and viridans streptococci (n=10, 50%)]. The results of this study indicate that direct MSU in ICSI improved the ICSI workflow. CONCLUSION: The new workflow is faster and more affordable, and is likely to prevent infection problems that could arise from the normal microbial flora of the semen.
Assuntos
Carga Bacteriana/métodos , Análise do Sêmen/métodos , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas/métodos , Espermatozoides/microbiologia , Adulto , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas/normasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The rate of infertility continues to be on the increase in the developing world. Similarly, the rates of blood-borne viral infections (BBVs) such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are also on this rise. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) quoted prevalences of 1.5% (HIV), 15% (HBV) 1.3 - 8.4% (HCV) in the Ghanaian general population. It has been reported that BBVs can adversely affect male fertility, specifically sperm count and progressive motility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of BBVs in people with infertility attending an IVF clinic and whether or not BBVs impacted on sperm parameters. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study at a private fertility center in Accra, Ghana. We had 229 recruited couples assayed for HBV, HCV and HIV. Sperm parameters of the male partners were also assessed. The analysis performed included student t-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: We found prevalence rates of 1.7% (HIV), 7.9% (HBV) and 0.4% (HCV), which is similar to what has already been reported in the Ghanaian community. There was no significant difference between BBV positive and negative subjects for sperm count (13.6 million/ml vs. 17.7 million/ml, P = 0.0599), percentage of progressive motility (26% vs. 30%, P = 0.2129), percentage of normal forms (3% vs. 3%, P = 0.0617) and clinical pregnancy rates per embryo transfer (36.1% vs 34.9%, P = 0.5) between BBV positive and BBV negative subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a similar prevalence of BBVs in sub-fertile couples and the general Ghanaian population. However, no detrimental effect has been reported for sperm parameters on grounds of BBV infectivity of the male partner.
Assuntos
Fertilização in vitro/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Infertilidade , Adulto , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Feminino , Gana/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Humanos , Infertilidade/complicações , Infertilidade/epidemiologia , Masculino , Auditoria Médica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To evaluate the variability of semen analysis, five replicates of 10 different bovine frozen semen batches were coded with different identification numbers and submitted to various laboratories for evaluation. Three studies were conducted: study I included eight laboratories in semen processing centers in the United States; study II included one laboratory in one semen processing center and five veterinary university laboratories in the United States; and study III included five veterinary university laboratories in Brazil. Evaluation methodology, sample classification criteria, and reporting format varied considerably among laboratories. There were laboratory effects (P < 0.05) on sperm concentration, motility, and morphology results in all studies. When Bland-Altman plots were evaluated, differences in sperm concentration were approximately between -5 and +5 × 10(6) sperm/mL in study I, when the same method of evaluation was used by all laboratories but ranged between -30 and +30 × 10(6) sperm/mL in studies II and III. Differences in the proportions of motile sperm were approximately -30% to +30%, and differences in the proportion of normal sperm were -15% to +15% in studies I and II; these differences were -15% to +15% and -10% to +10%, respectively, in study III. Mean absolute (one tail) proportional differences in estimates across all laboratories ranged from 9% to 31%, 16% to 37%, and 9% to 14% for sperm concentration, motile sperm, and normal sperm across studies; much larger (48%-86%) differences were observed for sperm abnormality categories. Intralaboratory and interlaboratory precision varied considerably across laboratories and seemed to be at least in part related to methods used for evaluation; precision was better when the NucleoCounter was used for evaluation of sperm concentration, whereas the use of computer-assisted sperm analysis for evaluation of sperm motility resulted in greater precision in some but not all laboratories. None of the laboratories that classified samples as satisfactory or unsatisfactory achieved complete consistency for all replicates within all batches. In addition, consistent classification among laboratories was observed for just three batches in studies II and III. These observations put the reliability of semen analysis in check and make it very difficult, if not impossible, to meaningfully interpret evaluation results.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Laboratórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Masculino , Controle de Qualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Faculdades de Medicina Veterinária , Análise do Sêmen/métodos , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Contagem de Espermatozoides/veterinária , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/anormalidades , Estados Unidos , UniversidadesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate whether the semen quality of men undergoing conventional semen analysis is deteriorating over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed and compared the sperm count, motility and morphology of 2300 semen samples provided by males undergoing conventional seminal analysis, from years 2000 to 2002 and 2010 to 2012. The incidences of severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia over time were also compared. RESULTS: A total of 764 sperm samples were analyzed in 2000-2002 and 1536 in 2010-2012. Over time, the mean sperm concentration/ml decreased significantly from 61.7 million in 2000-2002 to 26.7 million in 2010-2012 (R2 = 11.4%, p < 0.001), the total sperm concentration decreased significantly from 183.0 million to 82.8 million (R2 = 11.3%, p < 0.001), and the percentage of normal forms decreased significantly from 4.6% to 2.7% (R2 = 9.8%, p < 0.001). The incidence of severe oligozoospermia significantly increased from 15.7% to 30.3% (OR: 1.09, p < 0.001) and the incidence of azoospermia increased from 4.9% to 8.5% (OR: 1.06, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a significant time-related decline in semen quality of infertile patients. This finding might have implications on fertility and emphasizes the need for further studies addressing subject's life-style in order to find and reduce the causative agents. Future prospective and multicenter studies including representative samples of the general population are needed to confirm whether semen quality is really declining.
Assuntos
Infertilidade Masculina/epidemiologia , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Adulto , Azoospermia/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligospermia/epidemiologia , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
ABSTRACTPurpose:To investigate whether the semen quality of men undergoing conventional semen analysis is deteriorating over time.Materials and Methods:We analyzed and compared the sperm count, motility and morphology of 2300 semen samples provided by males undergoing conventional seminal analysis, from years 2000 to 2002 and 2010 to 2012. The incidences of severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia over time were also compared.Results:A total of 764 sperm samples were analyzed in 2000-2002 and 1536 in 20102012. Over time, the mean sperm concentration/ml decreased significantly from 61.7 million in 2000-2002 to 26.7 million in 2010-2012 (R2=11.4%, p<0.001), the total sperm concentration decreased significantly from 183.0 million to 82.8 million (R2=11.3%, p<0.001), and the percentage of normal forms decreased significantly from 4.6% to 2.7% (R2=9.8%, p<0.001). The incidence of severe oligozoospermia significantly increased from 15.7% to 30.3% (OR: 1.09, p<0.001) and the incidence of azoospermia increased from 4.9% to 8.5% (OR: 1.06, p=0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrated a significant time-related decline in semen quality of infertile patients. This finding might have implications on fertility and emphasizes the need for further studies addressing subject's life-style in order to find and reduce the causative agents. Future prospective and multicenter studies including representative samples of the general population are needed to confirm whether semen quality is really declining.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infertilidade Masculina/epidemiologia , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Azoospermia/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Incidência , Oligospermia/epidemiologia , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Avaliaram-se as características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen de coelhos alimentados com uma ração referência e outra ração formulada com 79,83% de subprodutos de mandioca. Utilizaram-se 20 reprodutores da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com idade média inicial de sete meses, alojados individualmente em gaiolas e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com duas dietas e dez repetições. Realizaram-se dez colheitas de sêmen por animal durante seis meses. Avaliaram-se o volume de sêmen sem gel e volume de gel, cor do sêmen, pH, motilidade espermática progressiva, vigor espermático, concentração espermática, número de espermatozoides no ejaculado, espermatozoides normais, anormais e anormalidades primárias e secundárias. O volume de sêmen sem gel, o índice de normalidade, as anormalidades primárias e secundárias foram iguais (P>0,05) para os animais alimentados com a ração referência e a com subprodutos de mandioca. Os demais parâmetros do sêmen foram melhores (P<0,05) nos animais tratados com a ração com subprodutos de mandioca. Os resultados das características quali-quantitativas do sêmen dos coelhos da Raça Nova Zelândia Branco demonstram que é possível utilizar ração com 79,83% do volume da formulação com subprodutos de mandioca, na dieta de reprodutores, sem prejuízos nas características do sêmen, desde que observados os níveis reduzidos de taninos e ácido cianídrico.
The quantitative and qualitative rabbit semen characteristics fed with a reference diet and a diet formulated with 79.83% of cassava by-products were evaluated. 20 New Zealand White rabbit bucks, with initial average age of seven months were used, individually allocated and distributed in a completely ramdomized design, with two diets (treatments) and ten replications. The ten semen collections per animal were taken during six months. The evaluated parameters were: semen volume without gel and gel volume, color of semen, pH, spermatic progressive motility, spermatic vigor, spermatic concentration, spermatozoa number in the ejaculation, normal spermatozoa, abnormal and primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa. The semen volume without gel, the normal spermatozoa, primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa were similar (P>0.05) to the animals fed with cassava by-products diet and reference diet. Other semen parameters were better (P<0.05) in the animals fed with the cassava by-products diet. The results of the quali-quantitative characteristics of the semen from New Zealand White rabbits showed that it is possible to use diets containing 79.83% of inclusion of cassava by-products in the diet of rabbit bucks, without affecting semen characteristics, since we observed the reduced level of tannins and hydrocyanic acid.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Ração Animal/análise , Coelhos , Manihot/químicaRESUMO
El análisis seminal o espermiograma es uno de los parámetros más usados en la evaluación de la fertilidad masculina. La OMS (WHO, 2010), presentó el 5 Manual para el examen y procesamiento del semen humano, documento que fue analizado durante el primer taller de estandarización del análisis seminal (PLEAS), realizado en Santiago de Chile, mayo del 2010. Posteriormente se aplicaron los nuevos valores indicados como "límite de referencia inferior" (LIR), en el estudio del análisis seminal realizados por varios autores (2003 al 2010). Los resultados obtenidos indican que el 81 por ciento de los investigadores latino americanos creen que el nuevo manual estandariza mejor la concentración espermática, un 96 por ciento está de acuerdo con la nueva subclasificación en la motilidad espermática en progresiva (A), no progresiva (B) e inmóviles (C). El 68 por ciento estima que el mejor instrumental de recuento es la cámara de Neubauer. Respecto a los controles de calidad solo el 18 por ciento realiza controles de calidad externa. El 100 por ciento de los investigadores estima conveniente realizar continuos talleres de estandarización. Respecto a la aplicación de los LIR en las poblaciones en estudio, todos ellos cumplirían con los estándares actuales para ser considerada una población con capacidad de fertilidad. Sin embargo varios autores opinan que una nueva versión del manual OMS, debe realizarse urgentemente para estandarizar mejor la concentración espermática (15 millones por mL) y la morfología según criterios estrictos (4 por ciento), valores de referencia que consideran muy bajos.
Spermogram or semen analysis is one of the most used parameters in the evaluation of male fertility. WHO (2010) presented the 5th Manual for review and processing of human semen, a document that was discussed during the first workshop of standardization of semen analysis (PLEAS), held in Santiago de Chile, May 2010. Subsequently applied the new values expressed in "lower referencelimit" (LRL) for semen in several analysis studies conducted by various authors (2003 to 2010). The results indicate that 81 percent of Latin American researchers believe the new manual standardizes best sperm concentration, 96 percent agree with the new subclassification in progressive sperm motility (A), non-progressive (B) and immobile (C). 68 percent determined that the best instruments for the sperm countis the Neubauer haemocytometerchamber. Regarding quality control only 18 percent performed external quality control. 100 percent of researchers believe it is appropriate to conducton going standardization workshops. Regarding the application of LRL in the study populations (2003-2010), 100 percent comply with the standards to be considered a population with fertility capacity. However, several authors argue that a new version of the WHO manual, must be re-done urgently to better standardize sperm concentration (15 million/mL) and morphology according to strict criteria (4 percent), reference values considered very low.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise do Sêmen/métodos , Infertilidade Masculina/diagnóstico , Infertilidade Masculina/epidemiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Padrões de Referência , Sêmen/citologia , Sêmen/fisiologia , SêmenRESUMO
Em um cenário que aponta para mudanças climáticas globais, a conservação de recursos genéticos animais voltada a raças localmente adaptadas aos diferentes biomas brasileiros tem ganhado importância. Neste contexto, estratégias de conservação in situ e ex situ vêm sendo utilizadas para assegurar a variabilidade genética de caprinos das raças Azul, Canindé, Marota, Moxotó, Nambi e Repartida. Dentre as estratégias de conservação ex situ, está a criopreservação de sêmen e embriões caprinos para o enriquecimento de bancos de germoplasma que visam à conservação a longo prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir aspectos importantes da conservação dos recursos genéticos animais, abordando estratégias de enriquecimento do Banco Brasileiro de Germoplasma Animal com sêmen e embriões caprinos e destacando desafios e perspectivas da conservação de raças localmente adaptadas aos biomas brasileiros.(AU)
In a scenario that indicate to global climate changes, animal genetic resources conservation focused on local breeds adapted to different biomes has increase importance. In this context, strategies for In situ and Ex situ conservation has been used to ensure the genetic diversity of goat breeds Azul, Canindé, Marota, Moxotó, Nambi e Repartida. Among the Ex situ conservation strategies is the cryopreservation of ovine semen and embryos to the enrichment of gene banks aiming at long-term conservation. The purpose of this paper was to discuss important aspects of the animal genetic resources conservation, approaching strategies for enrichment of Brazilian Animal Gene Bank with goat semen and embryos and highlighting challenges and perspectives for conservation of locally adapted breeds to brazilian biomes.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Sêmen/química , Análise do Sêmen/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Criopreservação/tendências , Criopreservação/veterinária , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção/estatística & dados numéricos , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção/tendênciasRESUMO
Em um cenário que aponta para mudanças climáticas globais, a conservação de recursos genéticos animais voltada a raças localmente adaptadas aos diferentes biomas brasileiros tem ganhado importância. Neste contexto, estratégias de conservação in situ e ex situ vêm sendo utilizadas para assegurar a variabilidade genética de caprinos das raças Azul, Canindé, Marota, Moxotó, Nambi e Repartida. Dentre as estratégias de conservação ex situ, está a criopreservação de sêmen e embriões caprinos para o enriquecimento de bancos de germoplasma que visam à conservação a longo prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir aspectos importantes da conservação dos recursos genéticos animais, abordando estratégias de enriquecimento do Banco Brasileiro de Germoplasma Animal com sêmen e embriões caprinos e destacando desafios e perspectivas da conservação de raças localmente adaptadas aos biomas brasileiros.
In a scenario that indicate to global climate changes, animal genetic resources conservation focused on local breeds adapted to different biomes has increase importance. In this context, strategies for In situ and Ex situ conservation has been used to ensure the genetic diversity of goat breeds Azul, Canindé, Marota, Moxotó, Nambi e Repartida. Among the Ex situ conservation strategies is the cryopreservation of ovine semen and embryos to the enrichment of gene banks aiming at long-term conservation. The purpose of this paper was to discuss important aspects of the animal genetic resources conservation, approaching strategies for enrichment of Brazilian Animal Gene Bank with goat semen and embryos and highlighting challenges and perspectives for conservation of locally adapted breeds to brazilian biomes.