RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to translate and culturally adapt the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale for pregnant women in Brazil. METHODS: methodological study that included stages of translation, synthesis, face and content validation, back translation and semantic assessment. In the face and content and semantic validation stages, we used the Content Validity Index for individual items and for the overall scale for clarity and representativeness. RESULTS: nine (100.0%) experts participated in face and content validation, and the average index obtained was 85.0% for representativeness. In the semantic assessment, performed with 31 (100.0%) pregnant women, the tool was considered clear, obtaining an average index of 91.0%. CONCLUSIONS: the Brazilian version of the scale was considered representative and clear. After assessing psychometric properties, the scale is expected to be valid and reliable to assess maternal intention to breastfeed exclusively until the infant's six months of life in different Brazilian settings.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Intenção , Mães/psicologia , Psicometria/normas , Adulto , Alimentação com Mamadeira/psicologia , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçãoRESUMO
The aim of this paper is to identify eating patterns of children aged 6, 9 and 12 months and their association with socioeconomic, behavioral, birth and nutrition variables. Cross-sectional study with children from a cohort in Viçosa-MG, with 112 children at 6 months, 149 at 9 months and 117 at 12 months. Food intake was assessed by a 24-hour recall and patterns extracted by cluster analysis. Breast milk was identified in at least one dietary pattern every month. There was a low participation of ultra-processed foods in the identified dietary patterns. At month 6, children with lower family income were less likely to belong to the dietary pattern composed of milk formulas. Already overweight/obesity was 3.69 times higher in children who made up the pattern 2 (dairy formulas, vegetables, vegetables, beef and pear). At 12 months height deficit (PR = 3.28) and bottle use (PR = 4.51) were associated with the dietary pattern composed of milk formulas and cow's milk. The dietary patterns identified reflected the important participation of breast milk in children's diets. Dietary patterns with the presence of other types of milk were associated with nutritional deviations and bottle feeding.
O objetivo deste artigo é identificar padrões alimentares de crianças com 6, 9 e 12 meses e sua associação com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais, de nascimento e nutrição. Estudo transversal com crianças de uma coorte em Viçosa-MG, sendo 112 crianças com 6 meses, 149 com 9 meses e 117 com 12 meses. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por um recordatório de 24 horas e os padrões extraídos por análise de agrupamentos. O leite materno foi identificado em pelo menos um padrão alimentar em todos os meses. Houve baixa participação de alimentos ultraprocessados nos padrões alimentares identificados. No 6º mês, crianças com menor renda familiar tiveram menos chance de pertencer ao padrão alimentar composto por fórmulas lácteas. Já o sobrepeso/obesidade foi 3,69 vezes maior em crianças que compunham o padrão 2 (fórmulas lácteas, verduras, legumes, carne bovina e pera). Aos 12 meses o déficit de estatura (RP = 3,28) e o uso de mamadeira (RP = 4,51) estiveram associados ao padrão alimentar composto por fórmulas lácteas e leite de vaca. Os padrões alimentares identificados refletiram a importante participação do leite materno na alimentação das crianças. Padrões alimentares com a presença de outros tipos de leite, foram associados a desvios nutricionais e uso de mamadeiras.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Fatores Etários , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Leite , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar padrões alimentares de crianças com 6, 9 e 12 meses e sua associação com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais, de nascimento e nutrição. Estudo transversal com crianças de uma coorte em Viçosa-MG, sendo 112 crianças com 6 meses, 149 com 9 meses e 117 com 12 meses. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por um recordatório de 24 horas e os padrões extraídos por análise de agrupamentos. O leite materno foi identificado em pelo menos um padrão alimentar em todos os meses. Houve baixa participação de alimentos ultraprocessados nos padrões alimentares identificados. No 6º mês, crianças com menor renda familiar tiveram menos chance de pertencer ao padrão alimentar composto por fórmulas lácteas. Já o sobrepeso/obesidade foi 3,69 vezes maior em crianças que compunham o padrão 2 (fórmulas lácteas, verduras, legumes, carne bovina e pera). Aos 12 meses o déficit de estatura (RP = 3,28) e o uso de mamadeira (RP = 4,51) estiveram associados ao padrão alimentar composto por fórmulas lácteas e leite de vaca. Os padrões alimentares identificados refletiram a importante participação do leite materno na alimentação das crianças. Padrões alimentares com a presença de outros tipos de leite, foram associados a desvios nutricionais e uso de mamadeiras.
Abstract The aim of this paper is to identify eating patterns of children aged 6, 9 and 12 months and their association with socioeconomic, behavioral, birth and nutrition variables. Cross-sectional study with children from a cohort in Viçosa-MG, with 112 children at 6 months, 149 at 9 months and 117 at 12 months. Food intake was assessed by a 24-hour recall and patterns extracted by cluster analysis. Breast milk was identified in at least one dietary pattern every month. There was a low participation of ultra-processed foods in the identified dietary patterns. At month 6, children with lower family income were less likely to belong to the dietary pattern composed of milk formulas. Already overweight/obesity was 3.69 times higher in children who made up the pattern 2 (dairy formulas, vegetables, vegetables, beef and pear). At 12 months height deficit (PR = 3.28) and bottle use (PR = 4.51) were associated with the dietary pattern composed of milk formulas and cow's milk. The dietary patterns identified reflected the important participation of breast milk in children's diets. Dietary patterns with the presence of other types of milk were associated with nutritional deviations and bottle feeding.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Lactente , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores Etários , Leite , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do LactenteRESUMO
We analyzed the association between birthweight, nutritional status and transverse maxillary growth in 7- to 9-year-old schoolchildren. We undertook a cross-sectional survey nested in a population-based cohort study of 158 schoolchildren. The participants lived in the urban area of a small town within the Western Brazilian Amazon. The outcome was represented by the upper intermolar distance given in millimeters (mm), as an indicator of the degree of maxillary bone growth in its transverse dimension. The exposures were sex, birthweight, the bottle-feeding pattern operationalized by a scale corresponding to the age of introduction of the bottle and Body Mass Index-for-age z-score (BAZ) at 4 to 6 ys. Path analysis was employed to estimate standardized direct, indirect and total effects of exposures on the outcome using structural equations model (SEM) supported by Mplus 7 program. The values of standardized coefficients (SC) showed significant direct positive effects of sex (SC = 0.203; p = 0.006), birth weight (SC = 0.155; p = 0.030) and BAZ (SC = 0.165; p = 0.014) on transverse maxillary growth. The indirect effects (SC = 0.057; p = 0.012) and the total effect (SC = 0.261; p<0.001) of sex on the outcome were statistically significant. The indirect effects of birth weight on the outcome were not significant (SC = 0.018; p = 0.488), however, the total effect was significant (SC = 0.174; p = 0.011). In conclusion, sex, birthweight, bottle beginning age and BAZ showed association with the transverse growth of the maxillary bone. In addition to contributing to an adequate birth weight of the child, policies and programs that favor prenatal care and conditions to guarantee a full-term birth can positively affect transverse growth of the maxilla. From a Public Health Surveillance point of view, children with reduced birthweight, inadequate breastfeeding pattern and nutritional deficit for age may be more likely to develop atrophy of the jaws which, depending on the severity, may result in malocclusion with an important impact on quality of life.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Maxila/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Saúde da Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Saúde do Lactente , Masculino , Saúde Materna , Estado Nutricional , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Given the support for the numerous benefits of breastfeeding, a better understanding of social and health determinants is necessary, particularly in under-researched populations. We examined determinants of breastfeeding initiation and duration using a national cohort of Chilean mothers. METHODS: Participants included 13 738 families enrolled in the Encuesta Longitudinal de la Primera Infancia cohort. Data were collected in 2010 and 2012. Families from all regions of the country were considered. Breastfeeding information was collected via maternal report and standardised assessments were used to collect information on maternal IQ and personality. Logistic and linear regressions were used to identify predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration. RESULTS: Breastfeeding was initiated by 95.2% of mothers. Variation in duration of breastfeeding was large, ranging from 1 to 48 months (M = 11.74; SD = 8.74). Maternal IQ, low-risk prenatal behaviours, conditions at birth and the presence of a partner were relevant predictors of both initiation and duration of breastfeeding, whereas personality and contextual/socioeconomic factors were relevant only for breastfeeding duration. Differences between regions were observed. Rates of caesarean deliveries are alarmingly high and triple that of the global WHO recommendations, at 45% of deliveries in Chile, which are implicated in both initiation and duration. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding rates exceed Chilean target goals although vary by region. Global targets now need to be focused on. Social and health determinants are implicated in both initiation and duration of breastfeeding. These findings suggest important targets for policy development and breastfeeding initiatives in Chile, particularly concerning the reduction of surgical deliveries.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Adulto , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Gravidez , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Tempo , População UrbanaRESUMO
The scope of this study was to evaluate exclusive and total breastfeeding in children up to 2 years of age treated in Basic Health Units (BHU) of Recife in the state of Pernambuco. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Basic Health Units of Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira and Upinha Novo Prado. The study population consisted of children of 0 to 24 months of age. One hundred and forty-one children from 0 to 24 months of age were evaluated, of which 56.4% were female, 22% were ≤ 6 months old, 21.3% were between 7 and 12 months of age and 56.7% were between 13 and 24 months of age. Analysis of the prevalence of exclusive and total breastfeeding revealed an average of 60.84 and 182.52 days, respectively. Male children, the use of pacifiers and bottle-feeding was associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration.
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e total em crianças até 2 anos de idade atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Recife-PE. Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira e Upinha Novo Prado. A população foi composta por crianças de 0 a 24 meses de idade. Foram avaliadas 141 crianças, das quais 54,6% eram do sexo feminino, 22% tinham idade ≤ 6 meses, 21,3% entre 7 a 12 meses e 56,7% entre 13 e 24 meses. Ao analisar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total, verificou-se a mediana de 60,84 e 182,52 dias, respectivamente. Crianças do sexo masculino, uso de chupeta e mamadeira foram associados ao menor tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Chupetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adulto , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e total em crianças até 2 anos de idade atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Recife-PE. Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira e Upinha Novo Prado. A população foi composta por crianças de 0 a 24 meses de idade. Foram avaliadas 141 crianças, das quais 54,6% eram do sexo feminino, 22% tinham idade ≤ 6 meses, 21,3% entre 7 a 12 meses e 56,7% entre 13 e 24 meses. Ao analisar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total, verificou-se a mediana de 60,84 e 182,52 dias, respectivamente. Crianças do sexo masculino, uso de chupeta e mamadeira foram associados ao menor tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Abstract The scope of this study was to evaluate exclusive and total breastfeeding in children up to 2 years of age treated in Basic Health Units (BHU) of Recife in the state of Pernambuco. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Basic Health Units of Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira and Upinha Novo Prado. The study population consisted of children of 0 to 24 months of age. One hundred and forty-one children from 0 to 24 months of age were evaluated, of which 56.4% were female, 22% were ≤ 6 months old, 21.3% were between 7 and 12 months of age and 56.7% were between 13 and 24 months of age. Analysis of the prevalence of exclusive and total breastfeeding revealed an average of 60.84 and 182.52 days, respectively. Male children, the use of pacifiers and bottle-feeding was associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Chupetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Brasil , Prevalência , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between pacifier use and bottle-feeding and unfavorable behaviors during breastfeeding. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 427 babies/mothers. Socio-demographic, perinatal data, and information about the use of artificial nipples (pacifier and/or bottle) were collected through a questionnaire. The breastfeeding aspects regarding position, affectivity, sucking behavior, baby responses, and breast anatomy were evaluated through observation during breastfeeding. The chi-squared test and the multiple linear regression analysis were used to investigate the association between the variables. Results: The aspects of breastfeeding that showed higher percentages of the category "poor" were sucking behavior (22.5%) and position (22.2%). The group of infants who used pacifiers and/or bottle showed higher percentages in the poor and fair categories when compared with the good category for all five breastfeeding aspects evaluated (p < 0.001). The linear regression analysis revealed that the increase in the number of unfavorable behaviors regarding position, affectivity, sucking behavior, and baby responses were independently associated with both pacifier and bottle use (β positive, p < 0.05), while breast anatomy was independently associated only with bottle use. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the use of pacifiers and/or bottle-feeding may be associated with unfavorable behaviors during breastfeeding, especially the use of bottle-feeding.
Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre uso de chupeta e mamadeira e comportamentos desfavoráveis à amamentação durante as mamadas. Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com 427 bebês/mães. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, perinatais e sobre o uso de bicos artificiais (chupeta e/ou mamadeira) através de questionário. Os aspectos de amamentação referentes à posição, afetividade, adequação da sucção, respostas do bebê e anatomia das mamas foram avaliados através da observação durante a mamada. O teste qui-quadrado e a análise de regressão linear múltipla foram usados para investigar associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: Os aspectos de amamentação que apresentaram percentuais mais elevados da categoria ruim foram a adequação da sucção (22,5%) e posição (22,2%). O grupo de bebês que usavam chupeta e/ou mamadeira apresentou percentuais mais elevados nas categorias ruim e regular quando comparados com a categoria bom para todos os cinco aspectos da amamentação avaliados (p < 0,001). A análise de regressão linear revelou que o incremento do número de comportamentos desfavoráveis referentes à posição, afetividade, adequação da sucção e respostas do bebê estavam associados de forma independente tanto ao uso de chupeta quanto ao uso de mamadeira (β positivo, p < 0,05), enquanto que anatomia das mamas estava associado de forma independente apenas com o uso de mamadeira. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem que o uso de chupeta e/ou mamadeira pode estar associado a comportamentos desfavoráveis durante amamentação, em especial o uso de mamadeira.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento de Sucção/fisiologia , Alimentação com Mamadeira/efeitos adversos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Chupetas/efeitos adversos , Valores de Referência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Lineares , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Comportamento do Lactente/fisiologia , Chupetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Mãe-FilhoRESUMO
Abstract Objective: The study aimed to determine the practices used by breastfeeding mothers to wean their children from the breast. Method: This qualitative-quantitative research was conducted with mothers whose children were registered the pediatric clinics of a state hospital between June and September 2016. In accordance with a purposeful sampling method, 232 mothers of children between the ages of 2 and 5 years were included in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire with demographic characteristics of mothers as well as their weaning practices. The data obtained were analyzed with a computer-assisted program using number and percentage distributions. Results: The mean breastfeeding duration was 19.00 ± 7.11 months. It was determined that the majority of mothers (56.5%) used traditional methods for weaning their children. These included applying substances with a bad taste (58.1%) to their breasts, covering their breasts with various materials (26.2%) to make the child not want to nurse anymore, and using a pacifier or feeding bottle (9.2%) to substitute for the mother's breast. Conclusions: It was observed that more than half of the mothers were used some traditional practices that could cause trauma in their children, instead of natural weaning.
Resumo Objetivo: O estudo visou determinar as práticas utilizadas por mães em amamentação para desmamar seus filhos do peito. Método: Essa pesquisa qualitativa-quantitativa foi realizada com mães cujos filhos foram registrados em clínicas pediátricas de um hospital estadual entre junho-setembro de 2016. De acordo com o método de amostragem proposital, 232 mães de crianças com idades entre 2 e 5 anos foram incluídas no estudo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas presenciais que utilizam um questionário com características demográficas das mães, bem como suas práticas de desmame. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com um programa de computador que utiliza distribuições numéricas e percentuais. Resultados: A duração média de amamentação foi de 19 ± 7,11 meses. Foi determinado que a maior parte das mães (56,5%) utilizou métodos tradicionais para desmamar seus filhos. Esses métodos incluíram aplicar substâncias com gosto ruim (58,1%) em seus seios, cobrir seus seios com materiais diversos (26,2%) para fazer com que seu filho deixe de querer mamar e utilizar chupeta ou mamadeira (9,2%) para substituir o peito da mãe. Conclusões: Foi observado que mais da metade das mães estavam utilizando algumas práticas tradicionais que podem causar trauma em seus filhos, em vez do desmame natural.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Desmame , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Materno , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Turquia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
PURPOSES: Describe implementation of Institute of Medicine (IOM) early infant feeding recommendations for child obesity prevention by immigrant mothers from Central America; examine potential relationships with food insecurity and postpartum depressive symptoms. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 318 mothers of 2month old infants at a large pediatric setting for low income families. Logistic regression models assessed feeding practices, food insecurity and postpartum depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Exclusive breastfeeding rates were low (9.4%); most mothers (62.7%) both breastfed and bottle fed their infants. Mothers who bottle fed at moderate and high intensity were twice as likely to affirm that if you give a baby a bottle, you should always make sure s/he finishes it (OR=2.30, 95% CI=1.13, 4.69; OR=2.29, 95% CI=1.26, 4.14). Food insecurity was experienced by 57% of mothers but postpartum depressive symptoms were low (Possible range=0-30; M=2.96, SD =3.6). However, for each increase in the postpartum depressive symptoms score, the likelihood of affirming a controlling feeding style increased by 11-13%. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrant mothers from Central America were more likely to both breastfeed and bottle feed (las dos cosas) than implement exclusive breastfeeding. Bottle feeding intensity was associated with a controlling feeding style. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Infant well visits provide the ideal context for promoting IOM recommendations for the prevention of obesity among children of immigrant mothers from Central America.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Alimentação com Mamadeira/psicologia , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , América Central , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Comportamento Materno , Mães , Obesidade Infantil/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between pacifier use and bottle-feeding and unfavorable behaviors during breastfeeding. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 427 babies/mothers. Socio-demographic, perinatal data, and information about the use of artificial nipples (pacifier and/or bottle) were collected through a questionnaire. The breastfeeding aspects regarding position, affectivity, sucking behavior, baby responses, and breast anatomy were evaluated through observation during breastfeeding. The chi-squared test and the multiple linear regression analysis were used to investigate the association between the variables. RESULTS: The aspects of breastfeeding that showed higher percentages of the category "poor" were sucking behavior (22.5%) and position (22.2%). The group of infants who used pacifiers and/or bottle showed higher percentages in the poor and fair categories when compared with the good category for all five breastfeeding aspects evaluated (p<0.001). The linear regression analysis revealed that the increase in the number of unfavorable behaviors regarding position, affectivity, sucking behavior, and baby responses were independently associated with both pacifier and bottle use (ß positive, p<0.05), while breast anatomy was independently associated only with bottle use. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the use of pacifiers and/or bottle-feeding may be associated with unfavorable behaviors during breastfeeding, especially the use of bottle-feeding.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira/efeitos adversos , Aleitamento Materno , Chupetas/efeitos adversos , Comportamento de Sucção/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Comportamento do Lactente/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Mãe-Filho , Chupetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Valores de Referência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Feeding patterns in infancy are plausible contributors to dental caries later in childhood, yet relatively few cohort studies have examined potential dietary risk factors at this age. This study aimed to investigate the associations between feeding frequency at age 12 months and caries prevalence at age 3 years. METHODS: In this prospective birth cohort of 345 Brazilian children, all foods and drinks consumed at age 12 months, including bottle-use and breastfeeding, were recorded using two 24-hour infant dietary recalls with mothers. The prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe ECC (S-ECC) at age 38 months were compared in groups defined according to 12-month feeding frequency, using regression models to adjust for sociodemographic characteristics and total carbohydrate intake. RESULTS: Independent of other variables, compared with children with infrequent bottle-use and breastfeeding at 12 months, at 38 months the ECC prevalence was 1.8-times higher in children breastfed more than three times/day (P = 0.001), 1.4-times higher in children bottle-fed more than three times/day (P = 0.07) and 1.5-times higher with combined high frequency of bottle and breastfeeding together (P = 0.04), but the association with consumption of other foods or drinks more than five times/day [risk ratio (RR) = 1.2; P = 0.10] was not statistically significant. Prevalence of S-ECC was significantly associated with frequent breastfeeding (RR = 2.4; P < 0.001) and with greater frequency of consumption of other foods or drinks (RR = 1.7, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency feeding in late infancy, including both bottle use and breastfeeding, were positively associated with dental caries in early childhood, suggesting possible early-life targets for caries prevention.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the practices used by breastfeeding mothers to wean their children from the breast. METHOD: This qualitative-quantitative research was conducted with mothers whose children were registered the pediatric clinics of a state hospital between June and September 2016. In accordance with a purposeful sampling method, 232 mothers of children between the ages of 2 and 5 years were included in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire with demographic characteristics of mothers as well as their weaning practices. The data obtained were analyzed with a computer-assisted program using number and percentage distributions. RESULTS: The mean breastfeeding duration was 19.00±7.11 months. It was determined that the majority of mothers (56.5%) used traditional methods for weaning their children. These included applying substances with a bad taste (58.1%) to their breasts, covering their breasts with various materials (26.2%) to make the child not want to nurse anymore, and using a pacifier or feeding bottle (9.2%) to substitute for the mother's breast. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that more than half of the mothers were used some traditional practices that could cause trauma in their children, instead of natural weaning.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Materno , Desmame , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , TurquiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To verify the occurrence and associate the presence and duration of harmful oral habits with the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Participants' participation was formalized by the signing of an Informed Consent Form. The non-probabilistic sample comprised 289 children aged one to 12 years assisted at a Family Health Strategy unit. The data were obtained through a questionnaire to identify harmful oral habits applied to the children's parents and/or guardians. The results were considered at 5% level of significance. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 software and the chi-squared association test was employed to investigate the categorical variables. RESULTS: The breastfeeding rate found was 85%; however, only 32.4% of the children were exclusively breastfed until six months of age. The most prevalent habits and those currently maintained were use of conventional bottle (28.62%) and conventional pacifier (23.18%). Significant correlation (p=0.001) was found between keeping the mouth open and oral and oronasal breathing. The presence of habits such as using orthodontic bottle (p=0.016) and orthodontic pacifier (p=0.001) was associated with the breathing mode reported. Habit duration was associated with the perception of changes in speech (p=0.046) and with malocclusion (p=0.014). CONCLUSION: The presence and duration of harmful oral habits were associated with the perception of changes in the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system regarding occlusion, breathing, and speech, accounting for a significant portion of the demand for rehabilitation.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira , Aleitamento Materno , Hábitos , Pais , Sistema Estomatognático/fisiopatologia , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Chupetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: As a group, bottle-fed infants are at higher risk for rapid weight gain compared with breast-fed infants. However, little is known about individual differences in feeding behaviors of bottle-feeding infants, as well as maternal and infant characteristics associated with bottle-feeding outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a 2-day, within-subject study of 21 formula-feeding dyads; the within-subject factor was feeding condition: mother-led (ML; mothers were given the instruction to feed their infants as they typically would) vs. infant-led (IL; the experimenter ensured feeding began when infants signaled hunger and ended when they rejected the bottle on three consecutive occasions). Intake was determined by bottle weight; feedings were video-recorded and later analyzed to determine feeding duration and types of satiation behaviors displayed. Percent difference scores were calculated for each outcome as [((ML - IL)/IL) × 100] to standardize differences among dyads. Mothers completed questionnaires of feeding styles and infant temperament. RESULTS: On average, infants consumed â¼42% more formula during the ML- than IL-condition (p = 0.03). However, notable variation existed in difference scores for intake (range = -52.8% to 268.9%; higher scores reflect greater intake during ML than IL). Stepwise regression illustrated that greater intakes during the ML-condition were predicted by the combination of: (1) higher infant age; (2) lower levels of infant rhythmicity and adaptability; (3) higher levels of infant positive mood; and (4) lower levels of maternal restrictive and responsive feeding styles. CONCLUSIONS: This objective, experimental approach illustrated that variation in bottle-feeding outcomes is associated with characteristics of both members of the dyad.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Saciação , Adulto , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Comportamento do Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis , Masculino , Comportamento Materno , Mães , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a ocorrência e associar a presença dos hábitos orais deletérios com as estruturas e funções do Sistema Estomatognático, quanto aos aspectos de fala, oclusão e respiração, na percepção dos responsáveis. Método Estudo transversal, de caráter exploratório. A amostra, não probabilística, foi composta por 289 crianças de zero a 12 anos atendidas em uma unidade de estratégia de saúde da família. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário de identificação de hábitos deletérios aplicado com os responsáveis pelas crianças. Os resultados foram considerados a um nível de significância de 5% e as análises foram realizadas utilizando o programa SPSS versão 19.0 e o teste Quiquadrado de associação para análise das variáveis categóricas. Resultados O índice de aleitamento materno foi de 85%, entretanto, apenas 32,4% foram amamentados exclusivamente até os seis meses. Os hábitos mais prevalentes e mantidos atualmente foram a mamadeira (28,62%) e a chupeta (23,18%) convencional. Houve associação significativa (p=0,001) entre o fato de a criança permanecer com a boca aberta e respirar de modo oral e oronasal. A presença de hábitos como a mamadeira (p=0,016) e a chupeta (p=0,001) ortodôntica estava relacionada ao modo respiratório relatado. O tempo de manutenção dos hábitos estava associado à percepção da presença de alterações na fala (p=0,046); e oclusais (p=0,014). Conclusão A presença e a manutenção de hábitos orais deletérios mostraram-se associadas à percepção da presença de alterações nas estruturas e funções do Sistema Estomatognático de alterações de oclusão, respiração e fala, representando parcela importante da demanda por reabilitação.
ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the occurrence and associate the presence and duration of harmful oral habits with the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system. Methods This is a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Participants’ participation was formalized by the signing of an Informed Consent Form. The non-probabilistic sample comprised 289 children aged one to 12 years assisted at a Family Health Strategy unit. The data were obtained through a questionnaire to identify harmful oral habits applied to the children’s parents and/or guardians. The results were considered at 5% level of significance. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 software and the chi-squared association test was employed to investigate the categorical variables. Results The breastfeeding rate found was 85%; however, only 32.4% of the children were exclusively breastfed until six months of age. The most prevalent habits and those currently maintained were use of conventional bottle (28.62%) and conventional pacifier (23.18%). Significant correlation (p=0.001) was found between keeping the mouth open and oral and oronasal breathing. The presence of habits such as using orthodontic bottle (p=0.016) and orthodontic pacifier (p=0.001) was associated with the breathing mode reported. Habit duration was associated with the perception of changes in speech (p=0.046) and with malocclusion (p=0.014). Conclusion The presence and duration of harmful oral habits were associated with the perception of changes in the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system regarding occlusion, breathing, and speech, accounting for a significant portion of the demand for rehabilitation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pais , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema Estomatognático/fisiopatologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Hábitos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Chupetas/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the effect of type of breastfeeding on the nutritional status of children between 12-24 months of age. This cohort study included 435 children born in 2012 in a public hospital in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Two years after delivery the mothers and their children were contacted in their homes for a new investigation of demographic, economic, nutritional, and anthropometric data. In the unadjusted analysis, children who were not exclusively breastfed were more likely to be overweight (including obesity) at 2 years of age (OR = 1.6; p = 0.049) than exclusively breastfed children. After adjusting for several covariates, children who were not exclusively breastfed had a 12% higher risk of overweight including obesity compared to unadjusted analysis (OR = 2.6 vs. OR = 1.8; p = 0.043). In addition, birthweight was also an independent determinant of overweight including obesity (OR = 2.5; p = 0.002). The practice of exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of overweight in children from developing countries such as Brazil.
Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Alimentos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Peso ao Nascer , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of cracked nipples in the first month postpartum. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of mothers living in Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Data from 1,243 mother-child dyads assessed both at the maternity ward and 30 days after delivery were analyzed. The association between cracked nipples as reported by mothers and their possible determinants was analyzed using Poisson regression in a model where the variables were hierarchically organized into four levels: distal (individual characteristics), distal intermediate (prenatal characteristics), proximal intermediate (delivery characteristics), and proximal (postnatal characteristics). RESULTS: The prevalence of cracked nipples was 32 % (95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] 29.4-34.7) in the first 30 days postpartum. The following factors showed significant association with the outcome: poor breastfeeding technique (prevalence ratio [PR] = 3.18, 95 % CI 2.72-3.72); breast engorgement (PR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.46-1.99); birth in a maternity ward not accredited by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (PR = 1.51, 95 % CI 1.15-1.99); cesarean section (PR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.13-1.57); use of a feeding bottle (PR = 1.29, 95 % CI 1.06-1.55); and higher maternal education level (PR = 1.23, 95 % CI 1.04-1.47). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cracked nipples was high in our sample. Most of the factors associated with cracked nipples were related to postnatal characteristics, especially poor breastfeeding technique, which could be improved to help prevent the condition.
Assuntos
Doenças Mamárias/epidemiologia , Mamilos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos da Lactação/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Parto , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of distoclusion among preschool children in southern Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 1026 children aged two to five years enrolled at public preschools in the city of Canoas, Southern Brazil. Interviews were held with parents/caregivers to acquire demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral data. Six examiners who had undergone a training and calibration exercise performed the oral examinations. Distoclusion was recorded when the cusp of the maxillary canine was in an anterior relation to the distal surface of the mandibular canine during centric occlusion. Statistical analysis involved simple and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of distoclusion was 36.5% (375/1026). This condition was more frequent in younger children, those classified as white or brown, those who were breastfed for a shorter period of time, those who used a pacifier and those who were bottle fed. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the likelihood of exhibiting distoclusion was greater among two-year-olds (P=0.038), three-year-olds (P=0.023), those classified as white (P=0.016), those who used a pacifier (P<0.001) and those who used to use a pacifier (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Counseling with regard to the duration of pacifier use could contribute toward reducing the prevalence of distoclusion and its consequences in preschool children.
Assuntos
Dente Canino/patologia , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Dente Decíduo/patologia , Fatores Etários , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Mães/educação , Chupetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Classe Social , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a importância do tipo de aleitamento no risco de excesso de peso de crianças entre 12-24 meses de idade. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte que incluiu 435 crianças nascidas em 2012 em uma maternidade pública de Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Dois anos após o parto, as mães e seus filhos foram contatados nas residências para uma nova coleta de dados. Na análise não ajustada, crianças que não receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver excesso de peso aos dois anos de idade (OR = 1,6; p = 0,049), quando comparadas às crianças amamentadas exclusivamente. Mesmo após o ajuste para diversas covariáveis, o risco das crianças não amamentadas exclusivamente apresentarem excesso de peso aumentou 12% em relação à análise não ajustada (OR = 2,6 vs. OR = 1,8; p = 0,043). Adicionalmente, o peso ao nascer também mostrou ser um determinante independente do risco de excesso de peso (OR = 2,5; p = 0,002). A prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo pode reduzir o risco de excesso de peso em crianças de países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil.
Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la importancia del tipo de lactancia en el riesgo de exceso de peso de niños entre 12-24 meses de edad. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte que incluyó a 435 niños nacidos en 2012, en una maternidad pública de Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Tras dos años después del parto, se contactó con las madres y sus hijos en sus residencias para una nueva recogida de datos. En el análisis no ajustado, los niños que no recibieron exclusivamente el pecho materno presentaron mayor riesgo de desarrollar exceso de peso a los dos años de edad (OR = 1,6; p = 0,049), cuando se comparan con los niños amamantados exclusivamente. Incluso tras el ajuste para diversas covariables, el riesgo de que los niños no amamantados exclusivamente presentaran exceso de peso aumentó un 12%, en relación con el análisis no ajustado (OR = 2,6 vs. OR = 1,8; p = 0,043). Asimismo, el peso al nacer también mostró ser un determinante independiente del riesgo de exceso de peso (OR = 2,5; p = 0,002). La práctica de dar exclusivamente el pecho puede reducir el riesgo de exceso de peso en niños de países en desarrollo como Brasil.
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the effect of type of breastfeeding on the nutritional status of children between 12-24 months of age. This cohort study included 435 children born in 2012 in a public hospital in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Two years after delivery the mothers and their children were contacted in their homes for a new investigation of demographic, economic, nutritional, and anthropometric data. In the unadjusted analysis, children who were not exclusively breastfed were more likely to be overweight (including obesity) at 2 years of age (OR = 1.6; p = 0.049) than exclusively breastfed children. After adjusting for several covariates, children who were not exclusively breastfed had a 12% higher risk of overweight including obesity compared to unadjusted analysis (OR = 2.6 vs. OR = 1.8; p = 0.043). In addition, birthweight was also an independent determinant of overweight including obesity (OR = 2.5; p = 0.002). The practice of exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of overweight in children from developing countries such as Brazil.