RESUMO
Albert Szent-Györgyi was a Hungarian biochemist and physiologist. He identified the structure and function of vitamin C, naming it as ascorbic acid. His research on cellular respiration and oxidation provided the basis for Krebs' citric acid cycle. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1937. With his collaborators, he discovered the biochemical basis of muscle contractility, isolating the basic proteins, giving them the name myosin and actin. Later on, he worked on the theory of carcinogenesis, linked to electron movements. He was one of the first researchers to describe the connection between free radicals and cancer. He lived a long, very complete life, defending always his opinion and freedom.
Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/história , Bioquímica/história , Prêmio Nobel , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , HungriaRESUMO
Albert Szent-Györgyi was a Hungarian biochemist and physiologist. He identified the structure and function of vitamin C, naming it as ascorbic acid. His research on cellular respiration and oxidation provided the basis for Krebs’ citric acid cycle. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1937. With his collaborators, he discovered the biochemical basis of muscle contractility, isolating the basic proteins, giving them the name myosin and actin. Later on, he worked on the theory of carcinogenesis, linked to electron movements. He was one of the first researchers to describe the connection between free radicals and cancer. He lived a long, very complete life, defending always his opinion and freedom.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Ácido Ascórbico/história , Bioquímica/história , Prêmio Nobel , HungriaRESUMO
Hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo, los médicos no tomaban en serio la indicación de la dieta apropiada a cada enfermedad para lograr la mejoría y la curación de los pacientes. Nos propusimos como objetivo actualizar los conocimientos de aspectos de la historia de la nutrición y de los descubrimientos de algunas vitaminas. Se realizó una revisión de la historia de la alimentación y del descubrimiento de algunas vitaminas en el mundo. Se visitó la biblioteca del museo "Carlos Juan Finlay" de la Academia de Ciencias, donde se revisaron libros de la época en que se desarrollaron los descubrimientos científicos relacionados con la nutrición y las vitaminas C, B y A. Además se revisaron otras bibliografías y se concluyó que el estudio de la historia de la nutrición y del descubrimiento de algunas vitaminas, en la que tantos científicos se han esforzado, es muy importante, porque sirve de ejemplo para continuar las investigaciones de problemas de salud aún no definidos
Assuntos
Humanos , Ácido Ascórbico/história , Niacinamida , Ciências da Nutrição , Tiamina , Vitamina A , VitaminasRESUMO
La ruptura prematura de membranas, es una patologìa perinatal frecuente entre los getsantes de nuestro hospital, siendo una causa importante que incrementa la alta morbilidad materno infantil. La etiologìa es multifactorial, sin embargo las concentraciones de àcido ascòrbico materno parece jugar un rol fundamental. El presente estudio transversal, caso control, fue realizado en 84 pacientes (42 casos y 42 controles), en la sala de partos y en la consulta externa del Hospital Isidro Ayora de Quito. A todas las pacientes se realizò un protocolo diseñado para confirmar la presencia y/o ausencia de la ruptura prematura de membranas, ademàs de un examen obstètrico de rigor. Finalmente se tomò una muestra de sangre, con el objetivo de dosificar àcido ascòrbico plasmàtico...
Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/história , Ruptura Prematura de Membranas Fetais , MaternidadesRESUMO
The concept of shock and its close relationship with that of stress dates back to the experiments of Hans Selye initiated in 1936 at McGill University in Montreal, with whom I collaborated between 1939 and 1942. It was demonstrated that the General Adaptation Syndrome begins with an Alarm Reaction, which consists of a Stage of Shock and one of Counter-Shock, followed by a Stage of Adaptation and finally a Stage of Exhaustion. My Ph.D. thesis concluded that shock was due to an adrenal insufficiency postulating that active metabolic processes drain the body of certain essential compounds the lack of which causes shock. My interest in the role of the glucose metabolism in shock led me to work with Bernardo Houssay in 1942 at the Institute of Physiology of the University of Buenos Aires and in 1944 with C.N.H. Long at Yale University. There I developed a method for the induction of hemorrhagic shock in the guinea pig with 94% lethality; curiously, the administration of 200 mg of ascorbic acid prevented death. Upon my return to Buenos Aires, these results were confirmed and moreover, it was demonstrated that the administration of cortisone led to 40% survival of the animals while desoxycorticosterone had no effect. At the time, no explanation was available but to-day, half a century later, this Symposium should be able to explain the mechanisms leading to death by hemorrhagic shock.