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Introducción: El prolapso de órganos pélvicos (POP) o distopia genital, es el descenso o desplazamiento de los órganos del suelo pélvico a través del canal vaginal o fuera de este. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la histeropexia vaginal en la corrección quirúrgica del prolapso genital apical grado III o IV, usando prótesis de polipropileno; además describir la tasa de éxito, recurrencias y complicaciones. Método: Estudio de cohorte, en 42 mujeres sometidas a histeropexia vaginal (histero-cistopexia ortotópica) mediante prótesis de polipropileno (Splentis®), entre 2016 y 2021. Se realizaron tres evaluaciones postoperatorias (tres, seis y 12 meses). Se hizo muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La edad media fue de 56,19 ± 9,27 años. El tiempo quirúrgico de 58,95 ± 13,74 minutos, el sangrado quirúrgico de 119,85 ± 68,73 ml. La tasa de éxito a los 12 meses fue del 90,47%. La recurrencia del prolapso apical fue del 4,76% a los seis meses y del 9,52% a los 12 meses; el de compartimento anterior a los seis meses arrojó un 7,14%, frente al 11,9% a los 12 meses. El 14,28% de las pacientes presentaron complicaciones menores. La incidencia de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo a los 12 meses fue del 16,66%. Conclusiones: la histeropexia vaginal es un procedimiento efectivo y seguro, con bajas tasas de recurrencias o complicaciones. Es importante que se sigan haciendo estudios con mejores diseños estadísticos.

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), or genital dystopia, is the descent or displacement of pelvic floor organs through the vaginal canal or outside of it. Objective: To evaluate the results of vaginal hysteropexy in the surgical correction of grade III or IV apical genital prolapse, using polypropylene prosthesis; also describe the success rate, recurrences and complications. Method: Cohort study in 42 women undergoing vaginal hysteropexy (orthotopic hystero-cystopexy) using a polypropylene prosthesis (Splentis®); between 2016 and 2021. Three postoperative evaluations were carried out (three, six and twelve months). Non-probabilistic sampling was done. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: The mean age was 56.19 ± 9.27 years. Surgical time of 58.95 ± 13.74 minutes, surgical bleeding of 119.85 ± 68.73 ml. The success rate after twelve months was 90.47%. Apical prolapse recurrence was 4.76% at six months and 9.52% at twelve months; that of the previous compartment, after six months it showed 7.14%, compared to 11.9% after twelve months; 14.28% of the patients presented minor complications. The incidence of stress urinary incontinence, at twelve months, was 16.66%. Conclusions: Vaginal hysteropexy is an effective and safe procedure, with low rates of recurrence or complications. It is important that studies continue to be carried out with better statistical designs.

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Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare benign inflammatory lesion characterized by sheets of lipid-laden foamy histiocytes. It has been reported in various organs, mainly the kidney and gall bladder. Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is sporadic, with only a few cases reported in the English medical literature. Herein, we report a case of xanthogranulomatous endometritis with the formation of stones in a 50-year-old female patient with a prolapsed uterus. Grossly the endometrium was irregular, and the uterine cavity was filled with a yellow friable material, a polypoid growth, and yellowish stones. The microscopy showed sheets of histiocytes with few preserved endometrial glands. In this case, the xanthogranulomatous inflammation may mimic a clear cell carcinoma involving the endometrium and myometrium. One of the important differential diagnoses is malakoplakia. Immunohistochemistry and special stains are helpful in diagnosis.

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ABSTRACT Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare benign inflammatory lesion characterized by sheets of lipid-laden foamy histiocytes. It has been reported in various organs, mainly the kidney and gall bladder. Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is sporadic, with only a few cases reported in the English medical literature. Herein, we report a case of xanthogranulomatous endometritis with the formation of stones in a 50-year-old female patient with a prolapsed uterus. Grossly the endometrium was irregular, and the uterine cavity was filled with a yellow friable material, a polypoid growth, and yellowish stones. The microscopy showed sheets of histiocytes with few preserved endometrial glands. In this case, the xanthogranulomatous inflammation may mimic a clear cell carcinoma involving the endometrium and myometrium. One of the important differential diagnoses is malakoplakia. Immunohistochemistry and special stains are helpful in diagnosis.

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During pregnancy, pelvic organ prolapse is uncommon and is associated with adverse outcomes such as vaginal infection, cervical ulceration, and preterm delivery. Treatment includes conservative and surgical management during pregnancy. A 32-year-old woman presented with a history of vaginal delivery eight months earlier reported the sensation of a vaginal mass lasting seven months. On physical examination, we noted pelvic organ prolapse and 19-week pregnancy. We treated her conservatively with a Gellhorn pessary and antenatal corticosteroid for fetal lung maturation at 32 weeks due to a high risk of preterm delivery. The pregnancy proceeded with no obstetric complications and vaginal delivery at term of a healthy neonate. Conservative management for patients with pelvic organ prolapse during pregnancy using a pessary is the best option to improve maternal symptomatology and minimize gestational risk; there is no contraindication for vaginal delivery, and cesarean section is reserved for obstetric indications.

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POP affected 40% of participants in the WHI trial. Risk factors include parity, vaginal delivery, large babies, advancing age, obesity, hysterectomy and lifting. Data suggest African-American women have a lower prevalence of symptomatic POP than other racial groups. Literature review did not show a study of risk factors and symptoms in a black population. Cross-sectional study of women with POP attending urogynaecology clinic at the UHWI from May to October 2013, using an interviewer administered questionnaire was performed and analysed using SPSS version 19 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). One hundred and eight participants were included: 94.7% postmenopausal (mean 65.08 years) and 94.5% parous (mean 4). Risk factors included obesity (mean BMI 28.82 kg/m2), hysterectomy (28.7%), heavy lifting (51.9%) and chronic cough (13.9%). Symptoms included stress incontinence (40.7%), stranguria (16.7%), faecal incontinence (13.9%), constipation (31.5%), coital urinary and faecal incontinence (6.3%, 12.6%). We concluded risk factors for POP in this population correlates with other studies. Stress urinary incontinence and constipation most frequently reported symptoms in this population.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition with multifactorial aetiology. As seen in systematic reviews (Vergeldt TFM, Weemhoff M, IntHout J, Kluivers KB. 2015. Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse and its recurrence: a systematic review. International Urogynecology Journal 26(11):1559-1573). Study shows white women appeared to have more overall symptoms both from prolapse, as well as urinary symptoms, as compared with black women (Ford AT, Eto CU, Smith M, Northington GM. 2019. Racial differences in pelvic organ prolapse symptoms among women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery for prolapse. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 25:130-133).What do the results of this study add? The result highlights the fact that Black women are exposed to similar risk factors and have similar symptoms to other racial groups for POP.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? These findings can be used to educate women with risk factors about the possibility of developing symptomatic POP. Further research is needed to ascertain the prevalence of POP and to assess knowledge and attitude in this population as we hypothesise that there is generalised assumption in that being black is protective from POP.

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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser aparece en 1 de cada 4500 a 5000 mujeres; se origina por subdesarrollo embrionario de los conductos de Müller que resulta en agenesia vaginal o de útero. El tratamiento consiste en dilataciones vaginales o formación de una neovagina mediante un procedimiento quirúrgico. La falta de estructuras de soporte vaginal es una de las causas del prolapso de la cúpula vaginal, posterior al tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 26 años, con diagnóstico de síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser; inicio de la vida sexual activa a los 16 años. Acudió a consulta por sensación de cuerpo extraño en los genitales y un "bulto" vaginal de dos años de evolución. En la exploración física ginecológica se encontró un prolapso total vaginal. Se realizó la sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica y se colocó una malla tipo I, con monofilamento, para la corrección del prolapso vaginal. A los tres meses posteriores al procedimiento quirúrgico no volvió a reportar síntomas de sensación de cuerpo extraño en la vagina y reinició la vida sexual activa sin problemas. CONCLUSIONES: La sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica, junto con la colocación de una malla, es una opción de tratamiento con buenos resultados en la restauración de la anatomía, función sexual y satisfacción de la paciente con prolapso de la cúpula, posterior a creación de una neovagina.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, has an incidence of 1 per 4,500 to 5,000 women, is caused by an embryonic underdevelopment of the müllerian ducts, resulting in agenesis of the vagina or uterus. There is treatment based on dilatations and creation of neovagina by surgery. Prolapse of the vaginal vault in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome is rare and may occur after conservative or surgical treatments. The lack of vaginal support structures can lead these patients to develop a vaginal vault prolapse CASE: A 26-year-old woman, who started sexual life at 16 years of age. He came to the clinic due to a sensation of a foreign body in the genitals and vaginal bulge of two years of evolution. Physical examination: normal external genitalia without alterations, with presence of total vaginal prolapse. Reflex of the sacral plexus S2-S4 (clitoral, perineal and anal) present and normal. Pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP Q): 0, 0, +2, 3, 4, 5, -1, -1, x. IP: II, Gossling 2. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy was performed and type I mesh with monofilament was used to correct vaginal prolapse. At 3 months after the procedure, she denies vaginal bulge symptom in vagina, satisfactory active sexual, denies dyspareunia. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with mesh placement is a treatment option with good results in the restoration of the anatomy, sexual function and satisfaction of the patient in a patient with dome prolapse posterior to the neovagina.

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O prolapso genital neonatal é uma condição clínica rara e na maioria das vezes associada a anomalias neurológicas. Nos últimos 50 anos, foram relatados menos de 10 casos na literatura de prolapso genital em recém-nascido sem espinha bífida ou meningomielocele (nenhum deles no Brasil), tornando tal entidade ainda mais rara em neonatos neurologicamente normais. Neste artigo relatamos dois casos clínicos de prolapso genital em neonatos prematuros neurologicamente normais. Em ambos os casos foi optado por manejo conservador com redução digital do prolapso. Foi realizada também uma breve revisão da literatura para melhor discussão sobre o tema (etiologia, diagnóstico e manejo).(AU)

Neonatal genital prolapse is a rare clinical condition and most often associated with neurological abnormalities. In the last 50 years, less than 10 cases of genital prolapse have been reported in literature in neonates without spina bifida or meningomyelocele (none of them in Brazil), making this entity even rarer in neurologically normal neonates. In this article we report two clinical cases of genital prolapse in neurologically normal preterm neonates. In both cases, conservative management with digital reduction was chosen. A brief review of the literature was also carried out to better discuss the topic (etiology, diagnosis and management).(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Evidence on efficacy and safety of pelvic organ prolapse interventions is variable, and methodological flaws preclude meaningful synthesis of primary research data. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate variations in reported outcomes and outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on apical prolapse surgical interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus for English-language articles published from inception to September 30, 2017, using the terms "management", "repair", "operation", and "pelvic organ prolapse". SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs on apical prolapse surgical treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Outcomes and outcome measures were identified and categorized into domains. Studies were evaluated for quality of outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies. MAIN RESULTS: Forty-three RCTs were included. Seventy-six outcomes and 66 outcome measures were identified. Bladder and ureteric injury were the most commonly reported intraoperative complications (19/31 studies; 61%). Quality of life was assessed by 19 different instruments and questionnaires. Fourteen (45%) of 31 studies used recurrence of prolapse as a postoperative anatomical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial variation in reported outcomes and outcome measures was confirmed, precluding comparisons across trials and synthesis of the results. Development of a core outcome set will enable high-quality meta-analyses to be performed in the future. PROSPERO registration: CRD42017062456.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a surgical polypropylene mesh for correction of anterior vaginal prolapse, with or without apical defects, by providing simultaneous reinforcement at the anterior and apical aspects of the vagina with a single-incision approach. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm study involving women with baseline stage ≥2 anterior and/or apical vaginal wall prolapse according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system. The primary endpoint was defined as achievement of POP-Q stage ≤1 status. Additionally, patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ-VS). The device under evaluation was Calistar A, which is fixed posteriorly to the sacrospinous ligaments with a novel tissue-anchoring system (TAS) and anteriorly to the obturator internus muscles. Postoperative follow-ups were scheduled at 7 days and at 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS: Ninety-seven women were treated and assessed for the primary outcome. They were followed for up to 2 years (n=43), with a median of 12 months. Objective cure was achieved in 86 of the 97 patients (88.7%) (P<0.0005). The mean reduction in the ICIQ-VS scores was in the range of 70%-90% for every time point (P<0.05). No bleeding or surgical revision was reported. Mesh exposure occurred in 7 patients (7.2%), urinary retention in 5 (5.2%), de novo dyspareunia in 3 (3.1%), and urinary tract infections in 7 (7.2%). CONCLUSION: This midterm follow-up showed that apical and anterior vaginal reinforcement with a polypropylene implant fixed with a TAS provided good anatomical correction, with no major complications.

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Introducción: los defectos del suelo pélvico son un motivo de consulta frecuente en las mujeres de edad mediana, su prevalencia es elevada, considerándose que casi un tercio de la población adulta y adulta mayor la padece. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de los defectos de suelo pélvico en las mujeres de edad mediana y su relación con la calidad de vida, en el policlínico Héroes del Moncada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal de las pacientes de edad mediana y superior atendidas en nuestro consultorio desde septiembre de 2014 a enero de 2016. De las 376 pacientes mayores de 40 años en nuestra área fueron estudiadas 245 que accedieron formar parte de nuestro estudio, a las que fue realizado estudio clínico y aplicado el cuestionario PFIQ-7 sobre calidad de vida. Resultados: fueron identificados defectos del suelo pélvico en 103 pacientes representando el 42 por ciento del universo. Diversos factores de riesgo como el hábito de fumar, los trabajos con fuerza, así como la paridad se mostraron con significación estadística en relación a estos defectos. Un 59 por ciento del universo presentó afectación de la calidad de vida entre moderada y severa dependiente de defectos del suelo pélvico. Conclusiones: existió elevada prevalencia de defectos perineales repercutiendo de forma negativa en la calidad de vida de las pacientes afectadas, las cuales convivían conscientes de su defecto sin asistir a consulta para tratamiento oportuno(AU)

Introduction: Pelvic floor defects are a frequent cause of consultation among by average-aged women. Their prevalence is high, considering that almost one third of the adult and senior adult population suffers from it. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pelvic floor defects in average-aged women and their relationship with quality of life in Héroes del Moncada Polyclinic. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of average- and senior-age patients consulted in our office from September 2014 to January 2016. Out of the 376 patients over 40 years of age in our area, 245 were studied, who agreed on being part of our study and were conducted a clinical study and the questionnaire PFIQ-7 on quality of life. Results: Pelvic floor defects were identified in 103 patients, which represents 42 percent of the universe. Various risk factors such as smoking, hard work, as well as parity were shown with statistical significance in relation to these defects. 59 percent of the universe had mild to severe quality of life impairment dependent on pelvic floor defects. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of perineal defects with negative repercussions on the quality of life of the affected patients, who lived aware of their defect without attending a consultation for timely treatment(AU)

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Introducción: los defectos del suelo pélvico son un motivo de consulta frecuente en las mujeres de edad mediana, su prevalencia es elevada, considerándose que casi un tercio de la población adulta y adulta mayor la padece. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de los defectos de suelo pélvico en las mujeres de edad mediana y su relación con la calidad de vida, en el policlínico Héroes del Moncada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal de las pacientes de edad mediana y superior atendidas en nuestro consultorio desde septiembre de 2014 a enero de 2016. De las 376 pacientes mayores de 40 años en nuestra área fueron estudiadas 245 que accedieron formar parte de nuestro estudio, a las que fue realizado estudio clínico y aplicado el cuestionario PFIQ-7 sobre calidad de vida. Resultados: fueron identificados defectos del suelo pélvico en 103 pacientes representando el 42 por ciento del universo. Diversos factores de riesgo como el hábito de fumar, los trabajos con fuerza, así como la paridad se mostraron con significación estadística en relación a estos defectos. Un 59 por ciento del universo presentó afectación de la calidad de vida entre moderada y severa dependiente de defectos del suelo pélvico. Conclusiones: existió elevada prevalencia de defectos perineales repercutiendo de forma negativa en la calidad de vida de las pacientes afectadas, las cuales convivían conscientes de su defecto sin asistir a consulta para tratamiento oportuno(AU)

Introduction: Pelvic floor defects are a frequent cause of consultation among by average-aged women. Their prevalence is high, considering that almost one third of the adult and senior adult population suffers from it. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pelvic floor defects in average-aged women and their relationship with quality of life in Héroes del Moncada Polyclinic. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of average- and senior-age patients consulted in our office from September 2014 to January 2016. Out of the 376 patients over 40 years of age in our area, 245 were studied, who agreed on being part of our study and were conducted a clinical study and the questionnaire PFIQ-7 on quality of life. Results: Pelvic floor defects were identified in 103 patients, which represents 42 percent of the universe. Various risk factors such as smoking, hard work, as well as parity were shown with statistical significance in relation to these defects. 59 percent of the universe had mild to severe quality of life impairment dependent on pelvic floor defects. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of perineal defects with negative repercussions on the quality of life of the affected patients, who lived aware of their defect without attending a consultation for timely treatment(AU)

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The uterine prolapse is defined as the eversion and protrusion of a portion of the uterus through thecervix, through the vagina. This condition is not common in dogs, so this report aims to describe a case ofuterine prolapse in a dog treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piaui. In anamnesis, theowner complained of a reddish mass in the vulva after giving birth, during the clinical examination it wasobserved apathy, cachexia and enlargement of the vulva, leading us to consider the possibility of a uterineprolapse. The animal was immediately sent to the operating room for reduction of the prolapsed uterus. Thesurgical approach was required for both to remove the fetus as a definitive treatment of the prolapse.(AU)

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The uterine prolapse is defined as the eversion and protrusion of a portion of the uterus through thecervix, through the vagina. This condition is not common in dogs, so this report aims to describe a case ofuterine prolapse in a dog treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piaui. In anamnesis, theowner complained of a reddish mass in the vulva after giving birth, during the clinical examination it wasobserved apathy, cachexia and enlargement of the vulva, leading us to consider the possibility of a uterineprolapse. The animal was immediately sent to the operating room for reduction of the prolapsed uterus. Thesurgical approach was required for both to remove the fetus as a definitive treatment of the prolapse.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La prevalencia del prolapso genital se ha incrementado; a menudo cursa de forma asintomática, se suele presentar con síntomas de un "bulto" vaginal. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen ejercicios del suelo pélvico, manejo expectante, el uso de dispositivos mecánicos y corrección quirúrgica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las complicaciones inmediatas y tardías del uso del pesario sin soporte y con soporte, en el manejo conservador del prolapso genital completo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y comparativo. Se revisaron 108 historias clínicas de las pacientes atendidas por prolapso genital completo y se evaluaron a las que se les manejó de forma conservadora con pesarios con soporte (Grupo A: 9) y sin soporte (Grupo B: 18). Los dos grupos se compararon tomando en cuenta el aumento de secreción vaginal, aparición de erosión y úlceras vaginales, impactación, fístulas, atipias citológicas, incarceración, hidronefrosis, infección vaginal y complicaciones intestinales. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 27 pacientes en total, 9 manejadas con pesarios con soporte y 18 con pesarios sin soporte. Hubo diferencia significativa en cuanto al aumento de secreción vaginal con menor secreción en uso del pesarios sin soporte (p=0,045). Se encontró diferencia en la aparición de erosión y úlceras vaginales (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Hay diferencia significativa en cuanto al aumento de la secreción vaginal y la aparición de erosión y úlceras vaginales en el uso de pesarios sin soporte en comparación con el uso de pesarios con soporte

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of genital prolapse has increased; often it is asymptomatic, usually presents with symptoms of a vaginal "bulge". Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, expectant management, the use of mechanical devices and surgical correction. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the immediate and late complications of the use of pessary without support and with support in the conservative management of the entire genital prolapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, observational, transversal and comparative study. 108 medical records of patients treated by complete genital prolapse were reviewed and evaluated which were managed conservatively with pessaries supported (Group A: 9) and unsupported (Group B: 18). The two groups are compared taking into account the increased vaginal discharge, vaginal appearance of erosion and ulcers, impaction, fistulas, cytologic atypia, incarceration, hydronephrosis, vaginal infection and intestinal complications. RESULTS: 27 patients were analyzed in total, 9 handled pessaries supported and 18 unsupported pessaries. There was significant difference in terms of vaginal discharge increasment with less secretion in unsupported use of pessaries (p = 0.045). A difference was found in the occurrence of erosion and vaginal ulcers (p < 0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference in terms of vaginal discharge increasment and occurrence of erosion and ulcers vaginal pessaries using unsupported compared with using supported pessaries

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ABSTRACTThe use of meshes has become the first option for the treatment of soft tissue disorders as hernias and stress urinary incontinence and widely used in vaginal prolapse's treatment. However, complications related to mesh issues cannot be neglected. Various strategies have been used to improve tissue integration of prosthetic meshes and reduce related complications. The aim of this review is to present the state of art of mesh innovations, presenting the whole arsenal which has been studied worldwide since composite meshes, coated meshes, collagen's derived meshes and tissue engineered prostheses, with focus on its biocompatibility and technical innovations, especially for vaginal prolapse surgery.

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O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre os prolapsos vaginal e uterino em ovelhas atendidas no Serviço de Clínica de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes (CBPR) da FMVZ/USP no período compreendido entre 2000 a 2010, no qual, foram atendidas 56 ovinos com problemas inerentes ao sistema reprodutivo, dessas, 25 apresentaram prolapso vaginal ou uterino (44,6%). O prolapso vaginal total foi o de maior frequência (72%). As ovelhas acometidas, em sua maioria, possuíam idade superior a quatro anos (64%), eram sem raça definida (44%) ou da raça Ile de France (40%). As manifestações clínicas observadas durante a maioria dos atendimentos foram: taquipnéia, taquicardia, mucosas oculares avermelhadas indicando estado de toxemia, decúbito esternal ou lateral, apatia e anorexia. O tratamento instituído para todos os casos foi a limpeza, desinfecção e reintrodução do órgão prolapsado. A sutura de Bühner foi feita em 84% dos casos e a histeropexia em um caso (4%). A evolução foi satisfatória em 80% dos casos atendidos, nos demais casos (20%) observou-se óbito da fêmea acometida. Do total de óbitos, os prolapsos vaginais foram responsáveis por 60% (3/5) e os prolapsos uterinos por 40% (2/5). A etiologia dos prolapsos não foi definida nos casos atendidos, sendo esses associados com o período pós-parto em sua maioria (56%), provavelmente associados com quadros de hipocalcemia, altas concentrações séricas de estrógeno e hipertonia uterina. Além disso, a predisposição genética não pode ser descartada.

This study aimed to conduct a retrospective study on vaginal and uterine prolapse in sheep seen at the Clinic and Surgery on Cattle and Small Ruminants (CBPR) at University of São Paulo, from 2000 to 2010. During this period, 56 sheep were treated with problems of the reproductive system. Of these, 25 ewes had vaginal or uterine prolapse (44.6%). The total vaginal prolapse was the most frequently (72%). The majority of sheep that was affected were 4 years old (64%); most were mixed breed (44%) and 40% were Ile de France. Main clinical signs were increased cardiac and respiratory rates, congested ocular mucosa, sternal or lateral recumbence, apathy and anorexia, suggesting toxemia. The treatment of all cases was the cleaning and disinfection of the prolapsed organ and its reintroduction. The Bühner suture was made in 84% of the cases. The uterus fixation was made in one case (4%). Recovered was observed in 80% of the cases and 20% of the patients died. Vaginal prolapse corresponded to 60% of the deaths and uterine prolapse to 40%. The etiology of the prolapses had not been defined, but most cases (56%) occurred during the postpartum period, probably associated with hypocalcaemia, high serum concentrations of estrogen or uterine hypertonia. Furthermore, a genetic predisposition on affected sheep cannot be discharged.

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O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre os prolapsos vaginal e uterino em ovelhas atendidas no Serviço de Clínica de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes (CBPR) da FMVZ/USP no período compreendido entre 2000 a 2010, no qual, foram atendidas 56 ovinos com problemas inerentes ao sistema reprodutivo, dessas, 25 apresentaram prolapso vaginal ou uterino (44,6%). O prolapso vaginal total foi o de maior frequência (72%). As ovelhas acometidas, em sua maioria, possuíam idade superior a quatro anos (64%), eram sem raça definida (44%) ou da raça Ile de France (40%). As manifestações clínicas observadas durante a maioria dos atendimentos foram: taquipnéia, taquicardia, mucosas oculares avermelhadas indicando estado de toxemia, decúbito esternal ou lateral, apatia e anorexia. O tratamento instituído para todos os casos foi a limpeza, desinfecção e reintrodução do órgão prolapsado. A sutura de Bühner foi feita em 84% dos casos e a histeropexia em um caso (4%). A evolução foi satisfatória em 80% dos casos atendidos, nos demais casos (20%) observou-se óbito da fêmea acometida. Do total de óbitos, os prolapsos vaginais foram responsáveis por 60% (3/5) e os prolapsos uterinos por 40% (2/5). A etiologia dos prolapsos não foi definida nos casos atendidos, sendo esses associados com o período pós-parto em sua maioria (56%), provavelmente associados com quadros de hipocalcemia, altas concentrações séricas de estrógeno e hipertonia uterina. Além disso, a predisposição genética não pode ser descartada.(AU)

This study aimed to conduct a retrospective study on vaginal and uterine prolapse in sheep seen at the Clinic and Surgery on Cattle and Small Ruminants (CBPR) at University of São Paulo, from 2000 to 2010. During this period, 56 sheep were treated with problems of the reproductive system. Of these, 25 ewes had vaginal or uterine prolapse (44.6%). The total vaginal prolapse was the most frequently (72%). The majority of sheep that was affected were 4 years old (64%); most were mixed breed (44%) and 40% were Ile de France. Main clinical signs were increased cardiac and respiratory rates, congested ocular mucosa, sternal or lateral recumbence, apathy and anorexia, suggesting toxemia. The treatment of all cases was the cleaning and disinfection of the prolapsed organ and its reintroduction. The Bühner suture was made in 84% of the cases. The uterus fixation was made in one case (4%). Recovered was observed in 80% of the cases and 20% of the patients died. Vaginal prolapse corresponded to 60% of the deaths and uterine prolapse to 40%. The etiology of the prolapses had not been defined, but most cases (56%) occurred during the postpartum period, probably associated with hypocalcaemia, high serum concentrations of estrogen or uterine hypertonia. Furthermore, a genetic predisposition on affected sheep cannot be discharged.(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of the technique of vaginal hysterectomy in non-prolapsed uterus. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 220 patients submitted to vaginal hysterectomy from January 2004 to July 2010 by the Vaginal Surgery and Pelvic Floor Team. Patients mean age was 44.4 years and they had on average three births (0-10 deliveries). The surgery was performed even in cases of previous abdominal surgery, and cesarean section was prevalent in 54.6% of patients. RESULTS: The mean uterus weight was 278.9g. The mean operative time was 93 minutes, and length of hospital stay was 24 hours after surgery in 65% of cases. There were no cases of visceral injury. The mean postoperative complication was cellulitis of the vaginal vault that occurred in 11 cases (5%) that received antibiotics. Mean blood loss corresponded to 1.4g/dL hemoglobin. From the analyzed sample, vaginal hysterectomy by vaginal route was feasible in 96.8% of patients, and abdominal conversion was necessary in 3.2%. CONCLUSION: Vaginal hysterectomy is a minimally invasive surgery, with fewer complications, and low morbidity. We believe that this procedure should be indicated to treat gynecological benign diseases.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade da técnica de histerectomia vaginal em úteros sem prolapso. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de 220 pacientes submetidas à histerectomia vaginal no período de janeiro de 2004 a julho de 2010, pela Equipe de Cirurgia Vaginal e do Assoalho Pélvico. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 44,4 anos e tiveram, em média, 3 partos (0-10 partos). A cirurgia foi realizada mesmo em casos de cirurgias abdominais prévias; a cesárea foi prevalente em 54,6% da amostra. RESULTADOS: O peso médio do útero foi de 278,9g. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 93 minutos, e o tempo de internação foi de 24 horas pós-operatórias em 65% dos casos. Não houve nenhum caso de lesão visceral. A complicação pós-operatória mais frequente foi celulite de cúpula, que ocorreu em 11 casos (5%), sendo tratadas com antibioticoterapia. A perda sanguínea foi, em média, de 1,4g/dL de hemoglobina. Foi possível a realização da histerectomia pela via vaginal em 96,8% das pacientes da amostra estudada e em 3,2% foi necessária a conversão para via abdominal. CONCLUSÃO: A histerectomia vaginal é uma cirurgia por orifício natural, minimamente invasiva, com baixas frequência de complicações e morbidade, sendo factível e segura para o tratamento de afecções uterinas benignas.

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O prolapso genital é condição comum. Ocorre por fraqueza ou defeitos nos órgãos pélvicos de suspensão, que são constituídos de ligamentos, e/ou aqueles de sustentação, constituídos por fáscias e músculos. Sua avaliação constitui uma etapa importante do exame ginecológico, devendo, sempre que possível, ser classificado o grau de prolapso por meio de métodos padronizados. Atualmente, a quantificação é realizada por meio do POP-Q, preconizada pela Sociedade Internacional de Continência (ICS). Embora não seja uma afecção fatal, pode determinar sequelas importantes para a saúde da mulher, comprometendo sua qualidade de vida. Seu diagnóstico precoce previne o estágio final da doença. O tratamento pode ser conservador ou cirúrgico, dependendo do grau do prolapso, idade e estado clínico da paciente.

The pelvic prolapse is a common condition. It's occurs because of weakness or defects in the suspension pelvic organs - consisting of ligaments, and/or those of support, which consist of fascias and muscles. It's assessment is an important phase of the gynecological exam and, whenever possible, the degree of prolapse should be identified by means of standard methods. Currently the measurement is performed using POP-Q, as recommended by the International Continence Society (ICS). Although the disease is not considered fatal, it can determine serious sequela for women's health, affecting their quality of life. It's early diagnosis prevents the final stage of the disease. Treatment can be conservative or surgical depending on the degree of prolapse, and the patient age and medical condition.

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O prolapso genital constitui afecção de grande importância social e econômica dada sua prevalência estimada em até 40% das mulheres, cujo aumento gradual coincide com o envelhecimento populacional. Estima-se que 30% das pacientes submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico já foram operadas previamente pelo mesmo motivo. Fatos como esses e outras situações conflitantes, como a escolha entre tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico, a melhor técnica operatória para tratar as alterações anatômicas e funcionais do assoalho pélvico e o uso ou não de uma grande complexidade de materiais sintéticos e biológicos, têm sido objeto de constante investigação. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura em relação ao manejo das pacientes portadoras de prolapso genital, considerando as evidências atuais referentes à utilização dos pessários vaginais, ao papel da fisioterapia, à melhor abordagem cirúrgica, às indicações do uso de telas e a concomitância, na vigência do prolapso, do tratamento cirúrgico da incontinência urinária

The pelvic organ prolapse is an important social and economic problem with the estimated prevalence at up to 40% of women, increasing with the aging population. It is estimated that 30% of patients undergoing surgical treatment, have been operated previously for the same reason. Facts such as these and other situations of conflict as the choice between conservative or surgical treatment, the best surgical technique to treat the anatomical and functional changes of the pelvic floor and use or not of a great complexity of biological and synthetic materials, have been under constant investigation. This study aims to realize a systematical review regarding the management of patients with genital prolapse, considering the current evidence regarding the use of vaginal pessaries, the role of physiotherapy, the best surgical approach, the indications for the meshes use and the concomitant surgical treatment of urinary incontinence, in the presence of prolapse

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